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专题01 名词
内容导航
01 复习目标→明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构→系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03 综合通关→综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
名词定义及
基本分类
1. 名词的定义;
2. 专有名词和普通名词的区分;
3. 普通名词的细分;
1. 考查专有名词首字母大写的书写规范;
2. 考查名词的分类意识有助于理解词义
和句意;
3. 注意语境中的词义推断。
可数名词和
不可数名词
1. 可数名词和不可数名词的特点;
2. 常见的不可数名词;
3. 修饰词的搭配;
4. 对数量的提问;
1. 考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨析及
修饰词搭配;
2. 根据上下文判断名词是否可数;
3. 考查不可数名词的正确使用。
名词单复数变化
1. 规则变化;
2. 不规则变化;
3. 修饰词的搭配;
4. 对数量的提问;
1. 名词复数形式的不规则变化形式;
2. 正确使用复数形式表达数量概念;
3. 语境中考查复数形式的运用。
名词所有格
1.‘s 所有格的用法;
2. of 所有格的用法;
3. 双重所有格
1. 正确区分’s 和of 所有格的用法;
2. 在真实语境中考查所有格的运用。
考情解码:名词是英语语法中最基础、最重要的词类之一。从近三年的命题趋势看,名词专题呈现以下特
点:1. 考查形式多样,覆盖各个题型。2. 可数与不可数及单复数变化是考查的绝对核心。3. 语境化命题趋
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势明显,理解上下文语境是解题关键。4. 名词的考查从碎片化知识向综合语用能力转变。
脉|络|重|构
考|点|精|讲
【课标要求】理解和领会词汇的基本含义,以及在特定语境和语篇中的意义:①可数名词及其单复数;②
不可数名词;③专有名词;④名词所有格。
1. 名词定义:
表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念的词,是英语句子的核心构成成分,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、
定语、同位语,是河北中考全卷覆盖最广的词类。
2. 名词核心分类:
(1)按词汇意义分为:专有名词(人名、地名、机构名等,如Hebei, Xibaipo)和普通名词;
(2)按语法功能分为:可数名词(有单复数变化,如student, month)和不可数名词(无单复数变化,
如advice, fun)。
知识点一可数名词及其单复数
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◆可数名词
1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化表:
情况
构成方法
读音
示例
一般情况
加s
在清辅音后读/s/
在浊辅音、元音后读/z/
在t 后读/ts/;在d 后读/dz/
cake→cakes
game→games
hour→hours
pet→pets
以字母s,x,sh,
ch 等结尾的词
加es
读/Ιz/
bus→buses
box→boxes
brush→brushes
peach→peaches
以字母f 或fe 结尾
的词
变f 或fe 为v 再
加es
读/vz/
wife→wives
knife→knives
wolf→wolves
thief→thieves
以字母o 结尾的词
在初中阶段有三
个加es
读/z/
hero→heroes
tomato→tomatoes
potato→potatoes
其余加s
读/z/
zoo→zoos
photo→photos
以辅音字母+y
结尾的词
先变y 为i,再加
es
读/Ιz/
baby→babies
story→stories
以元音字母+y
结尾的词
加s
读/z/
boy→boys
monkey→monkeys
巧学妙记
2. 不规则变化:
man →men
woman →women
foot →feet
tooth →teeth
fish →fish
sheep→sheep
deer →deer
Chinese →Chinese
Japanese →Japanese
mouse →mice
child →children
【典例破题】
(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history.
A.woman hero
B.women heroes
C.women hero
D.woman heroes
【答案】B
【思路点拨】本题主要考查复合名词的复数形式,尤其是当“woman / man”作为前置修饰语时的特殊变化规
则。题干中“many”提示后面要跟可数名词的复数形式。核心名词是“hero”,其复数形式为“heroes”。修饰词
“woman”在修饰复数名词时,本身也要变为复数“women”,因为这类复合名词表示“性别+职业/身份”,两者
都需体现复数概念。因此,正确形式应为“women heroes”。其他选项要么单复数不一致(如A、D 中“woman”
单数修饰复数heroes/hero),要么“hero”未变复数(如C)。
方法提炼。
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规则总结:当“man / woman”与另一个名词构成复合名词,表示“男性/女性+职业/身份”,变复数时两个词都
要变为复数。
【易错警示】
易错点1:名词在句中作定语时,通常用单数形式,无需变复数。
错误示例:two apples trees 正确示例:two apple trees
特例:man/woman 作定语时,需与后面的名词单复数保持一致
如:a woman teacher →two women teachers。
易错点2:专有名词的首字母必须大写
如:Hebei Province, the Hutuo River。
易错点3:一个完整的简单句必须具备名词/代词构成的主语,禁止出现无主语的句子碎片。
【巩固提升1】
1.(2025·甘肃张掖·二模)These ________ have saved many children’s lives.
A.woman doctors
B.womans’ doctors
C.women doctors
D.women’s doctors
2.(24-25 九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期中)—What is your favorite food?
—I like ________ best. I had a large bowl last night.
A.potato noodle
B.potatoes noodle
C.potato noodles
3.(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·一模)A group of ________ will have ________ holiday after busy work.
A.boys students; an one-hundred-days
B.woman teachers; a one hundred days’
C.boy students; an one hundred days’
D.women teachers; a one-hundred-day
【巩固提升2】
1.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)—Are all the students in your school from ________?
—No. Only a small number of them ________.
A.Germany; are Germans B.Germany; are Germen C.German; is Germany D.Germen; is Germany
2.(2025·甘肃·模拟预测)We should brush our ________ twice a day to keep them healthy.
A.tooth
B.tooths
C.teeth
D.teeths
3.(2013·江苏扬州·一模)There are three and seven in the picture.
A.deers; sheeps
B.deers; sheep
C.deer; sheep
D.deer; sheeps
【巩固提升3】
1.(2026·江苏无锡·一模)During the festival, there are many interesting ________, such as the AR photo
experience and the light show.
A.activities
B.actions
C.actresses
D.actors
2.
(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)The artist ________ day and night and many of his art pieces are famous ________.
A.work, works
B.works, works
C.works, work
D.work, work
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3.(2025·陕西西安·二模)I live a healthy life. I often have ________ and ________ for lunch.
A.fish; eggs
B.fishes; egg
C.chickens; carrots
D.chicken; carrot
知识点二不可数名词
◆不可数名词
1. 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。没有复数形式,不与a/an 和数词连用。如:
类别
示例
物质名词
饮食
milk
water
tea
honey
yogurt
beef
salt
rice
butter
bread
meat
coffee
材料
metal
silk
oil
paper
glass
gold
cotton
wool
自然
air
wind
light
sunshine
rain
snow
ice
weather
smoke
抽象名词
其他
beauty
wealth
music
knowledge
practice
energy
pleasure
patience
courage
trust
truth
happiness
friendship
love
failure
2. 不可数名词量的表示
情况
方法
示例
具体的量
数词+表数量的名词+of +不可数名词
three glasses of milk
two bottles of water
大概的量
表示量的限定词+不可数名词
some money
a lot of time
3. 有些词既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。如:
名词
可数
不可数
experience
经历
经验
work
作品
工作
time
次数;倍数
时间
paper
报纸;试卷
纸
room
房间
空间
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
4. 限定词与名词的连用规则:
只与可数名词连用
只跟单数
one,each,every
只跟复数
数字(除one),both,a few,few,many,several
只与不可数名词连用
a little,little,much,a great deal of
可数名词与不可数名词均可连用
some,any,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,more,most
【典例破题】
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(24-25 八年级上·福建福州·期中)—Could you give me some ________ on how to learn English well?
—Yes, you should practice more and speak it loudly.
A.suggestion
B.choice
C.advice
【答案】C
【思路点拨】本题主要考查名词的可数与不可数性以及语境搭配。题干中“some”既可以修饰可数名词复数,
也可以修饰不可数名词。答语“practice more and speak it loudly”是对方给出的具体建议,因此空格处应填入
表示“建议”的名词。suggestion(建议):可数名词,通常说“a suggestion”或“some suggestions”,不能用原
形“suggestion”直接放在“some”后面。choice(选择):可数名词,且与答语内容无关(答语未涉及选择)。
advice(建议):不可数名词,可以说“some advice”,符合语法和语境。
规则总结:区分可数与不可数名词。常见表示“建议”的词:
advice(不可数):a piece of advice, some advice
suggestion(可数):a suggestion, some suggestions
考试中常考“some + 不可数名词”或“some + 可数名词复数”的结构。
【易错警示】
易错点1:不是所有抽象名词都不可数
经验(experience):当“经验”讲时不可数(a lot of experience);当“经历”讲时可数(a wonderful
experience)。
易错点2:不可数名词变复数。
advice, news, information, progress 不加- s。
易错点3:集体名词的数误用。
people, police 本身表复数含义,谓语动词用复数,不能加- s;family, class 表“整体” 时谓语用单数,
表“成员” 时谓语用复数,是主谓一致结合名词考查的易错点。
【巩固提升1】
1.(24-25 七年级下·全国·课后作业)We need some ________ to make dumplings.
A.cookie
B.beef
C.bean
D.chip
2.(24-25 七年级下·安徽·课后作业)Would you like to have some _________ for lunch?
A.mutton
B.egg
C.apple
D.tomato
3.(2024·河北邢台·三模)Tom is very helpful and often gives me ________ on how to improve my Math.
A.an advice
B.some advice
C.some suggestion
D.advise
【巩固提升2】
1.(24-25 七年级上·湖北武汉·月考)—Do you do eye ________ every day at school?
—Yes. And we also do morning ________ to build up our body.
A.exercise; exercise
B.exercises; exercise C.exercise: exercises
D.exercises;
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exercises
2.(23-24 九年级下·上海浦东新·阶段检测)Perhaps there won’t be ________ for everybody in thirty years’ time.
A.enough room
B.enough rooms
C.rooms enough
D.room enough
3.(24-25 九年级上·江苏·月考)________ great progress he has made! And it’s ________ great success.
A.What a; /
B.What; a
C.How; a
D.What; /
【巩固提升3】
1.(23-24 九年级·全国·二轮复习)Tom and Tim have some ________ and ________.
A.tomatos; chicken
B.tomatoes; chickens
C.tomatoes; chicken
D.tomatos; chickens
2.(2024·上海崇明·二模)I had to remove some _________ from the house to make room for my new piano.
A.desk
B.chair
C.bookshelf
D.furniture
知识点三专有名词
专有名词
专有名词表示特定的人、地方、事物或概念,如人名、地名、国家、城市、月份、星期、节日、语言
等。
例:Tom(汤姆)、Beijing(北京)、China(中国)、Monday(星期一)、English(英语)
专有名词特点:
首字母大写
每个单词的首字母都要大写(冠词、介词
等短词除外)
New York, the Great Wall
一般不加冠词
大多数专有名词前不加a / an / the
× a Tom, × an English(但the Great Wall
有the)
没有复数形式
专有名词通常不用复数
× Marys, × Beijings
【典例破题】
(2026·甘肃白银·模拟预测)________ 1st is Army Day, a day to honor our great Chinese People’s Liberation
Army.
A.June
B.July
C.August
D.October
【答案】C
【思路点拨】本题主要考查文化常识与月份词汇的对应关系,属于英语学科中跨文化知识题。题干中“Army
Day”意为“建军节”,专指“中国人民解放军建军纪念日”。根据中国历史常识:1927 年8 月1 日南昌
起义,标志着人民军队的诞生。因此建军节定于8 月1 日。选项为四个月份:June(六月)、July(七月)、
August(八月)、October(十月)。只有August 对应8 月。
方法提炼:先识别专有名词(如Army Day),调动常识判断月份。注意题干中的“1st”提示是某月第一天。
若不确定,可采用排除法:去掉明显不符合的选项(如October 是国庆节)。
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【易错警示】
易错点1:少数专有名词前要加the,主要包括:
1.江河、海洋、山脉:the Yangtze River, the Pacific Ocean
2.某些国名(含复数或普通名词):the United States, the UK
3.某些建筑、机构:the Great Wall, the Palace Museum
易错点2:大多数专有名词(人名、城市、国家、月份、星期)不加the
I like reading China Daily
【巩固提升1】
1.(2026·甘肃平凉·二模)It is well known that Big Ben is one of the most famous landmarks in ________.
A.Paris
B.London
C.New York
D.Sydney
2.(2026·甘肃陇南·二模)April 30th is Thursday. So Labor Day is on ________.
A.Wednesday
B.Friday
C.Saturday
D.Sunday
3.(2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—My foreign teacher’s full name is James Allan Black.
—I know ________ is a very good teacher.
A.Mr. James
B.Mr. Black
C.Mr. Allan
【巩固提升2】
1.(2026·甘肃天水·二模)It seems that
is a popular festival for family members to get together in China.
A.April Fool’s Day
B.the Spring Festival C.Christmas Day D.Mother’s Day
2.(2026·甘肃武威·二模)—Are the inventors all from ________?
—No, there are only 2 ________ on the bus.
A.Germany; Germany
B.Germany; Germans C.German; Germans
D.German;
Germany
3.(2026·甘肃武威·三模)Mother’s Day falls on the second ________ of May.
A.Tuesday
B.Wednesday
C.Friday
D.Sunday
【巩固提升3】
1.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)Look at the picture. They are celebrating ________.
A.Mid-autumn Festival
B.The Spring Festival
C.Double Ninth Festival
D.Dragon Boat Festival
2.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)The Communist Party of China (CPC) was
founded on ________ 23, 1921.
A.July
B.August
C.September
D.October
3.(25-26 八年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中)—My favorite festival is the Spring Festival. I can get red envelopes.
—Me too. It’s a traditional festival in ________.
A.America
B.China
C.England
D.Japan
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知识四名词所有格
名词所有格
类别
构成方法
示例
有生命的单数名词
词尾加’s
Tom’s dictionary
my father’s car
有生命的复数名词
以s 结尾的加’
his grandparents’ garden
teachers’ office
不以s 结尾的加’s
Children’s Day
the children’s food
表示时间、距离、国家等
的名词
单数加’s
an hour’s bus ride
a day’s leave
复数加’
two days’ work
表示两个或多个人共同
拥有
在最后一个名词后加’s
Lily and Lucy’s room
表示每个人各自拥有
在每个名词后加’s
Bob’s and Tim’s books
2. of 所有格
of 所有格主要用于无生命的名词,有时也用于人或有生命的名词,表示所属关系,特别是当这些所有者有
较长的定语时。如:
the window of the house
房子的窗户
the name of the brave young man
这个勇敢的年轻人的名字
3. 双重所有格
双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分,有两种形式:
(1)of +-’s 所有格。如:
a work of Peter’s
Peter 的一部作品
(2)of +名词性物主代词。如:
a nice dress of mine
我的一件漂亮的连衣裙
【典例破题】
(2026·西藏拉萨·模拟预测)________ mothers can’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on
business.
A.Alice and Lily’s B.Alice and Lily
C.Alice’s and Lily
D.Alice’s and Lily’s
【答案】D
【思路点拨】本题主要考查名词所有格中“共同所有”与“分别所有”的区别。题干中的关键词:mothers
(复数),且后文“they have gone to New York” 中的“they” 指代两位母亲,说明是两位不同的母亲,
即Alice 的母亲和Lily 的母亲各自去了纽约。因此,空格处应表示“Alice 的母亲和Lily 的母亲”,属
于分别所有(各自拥有自己的母亲)。
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规则总结:共同所有:只在最后一个名词后加’s,如Alice and Lily’s mother(一位母亲,两人共有的)。
分别所有:每个名词后都加’s,如Alice’s and Lily’s mothers(两位母亲)。
【易错警示】
易错点1:’s 所有格的书写位置错误。
以s 结尾的复数名词,只加’,如the teachers’ office;不以s 结尾的复数名词,加’s,如Children’s Day。
易错点2:有生命与无生命名词的所有格混用。
无生命的名词一般不用’s 所有格,如“教室的窗户” 要写成the window of the classroom。
易错点3:并列名词的共同所有与分别所有混淆。
必须牢记“共同所有最后变,分别所有分别变” 的口诀,如Tom and Jerry’s room(两人共用一个房间),
Tom’s and Jerry’s rooms(两人各自的房间)。
【巩固提升1】
1. (2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)November 20 is World Children’s Day. It reminds us that play is a right for
everyone. It is not just for fun—it’s important for a ________ learning, health and happiness.
A.child
B.child’s
C.children’s
2.(2026·黑龙江绥化·二模)— I feel really tired. What about having a rest?
— Good idea. Let’s take ________ break.
A.ten-minutes
B.ten minutes’
C.a ten-minute’s
3.(2025·全国·二模)The theme park is about __________ ride from the museum.
A.two hour
B.two hour’s
C.two hours’
D.two hours
【巩固提升2】
1.(24-25 九年级·广东·二轮复习)This is a photo of ________. We took it last year.
A.my family
B.my families
C.my family’s
D.my families’
2.(25-26 九年级·全国·一轮复习)Lily is a friend of _________.
A.Mary’s mother’s
B.Mary’s mother’s of
C.Mary mother’s
3.(2024·江苏宿迁·一模)—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong?
—I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now.
A.three hour’s
B.three hours of
C.three-hour of
D.three-hours’
【巩固提升3】
1.(24-25 九年级上·福建福州·期中)— Who is the man in black?
— He is a friend of ________. He is teaching ________ French.
A.my; us
B.mine; our
C.mine; us
2.(2025·黑龙江绥化·二模)This is a book of ________. It tells us how to make friends.
A.Toms’
B.Tom
C.Tom’s
3.(2025·西藏拉萨·一模)She is a friend of ________.
11 / 12
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
A.mine sister
B.I sister’s
C.my sister’s
D.me sister’s
一、单项选择
1.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)They all think my eyes look bigger than ________.
A.my brother
B.my brothers
C.my brother’s
2.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)—Who left a notebook in the English club?
—It’s not ________. Maybe it’s ________.
A.me, Jack’s
B.mine, Jack’s
C.mine, Jack
3.(2026·黑龙江绥化·二模)—Look at my new pet. Would you like to touch it?
—Oh. You should be careful. In fact, I think your new pet is a kind of ________ or ________.
A.mouse; rat
B.mice; rats
C.mouses; rats
4.(2026·黑龙江绥化·三模)They are from ________. They are both ________.
A.Germany; Germen
B.German; Germany
C.Germany; Germans
5.
(2026·江苏扬州·一模)Mr. Chen, a famous teacher in Jiangdu, always offered students practical ______ on how
to choose majors and universities wisely in his career.
A.news
B.advice
C.introductions
D.knowledge
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)Many ________ (tree) are planted every year to make our city beautiful.
2.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)He makes a ________ (decide) to fight against enemies to protect his family and
home.
3.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Ne Zha 2 has been the biggest ________ (win) on the film market this year.
4.(2025·甘肃兰州·中考真题)Today is my ________ (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles
for him.
5.
(2023·江苏南京·中考真题)My teachers provide many ________ (suggestion) for interesting reading materials.
三、语法选择
(25-26 七年级上·重庆·阶段检测)根据短文内容,从A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案,并把
答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
Laura is a student in a middle school. She is from Canada
1
she lives in China now.
Today is a very special day for Laura, because it’s her
2
birthday. Her friends have a birthday
party for her. Laura often spends a lot of time singing after school. Michael knows she loves music so he wants
3
a band with her. It’s really
4
surprise for Laura. She feels
5
that she can have her own
band. Nancy is good at cooking, so she makes a birthday cake
6
her. Laura really likes the cake.
7
does Danny buy for Laura? He chooses a beautiful dress. Laura loves all her
8
gifts.
12 / 12
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
At the party, all of Laura’s friends say “Happy birthday!” to her. Then Laura cuts (切) the birthday cake and
shares it with her friends. After that,
9
play some interesting games (游戏).
Everyone has fun at the party. Laura really enjoys
10
with her friends. She will always remember
this happy day.
1.A.or
B.so
C.but
2.A.fifteen
B.fifteenth
C.the fifteenth
3.A.to found
B.found
C.founding
4.A.a
B.an
C.the
5.A.exciting
B.excited
C.excitedly
6.A.in
B.with
C.for
7.A.When
B.How
C.What
8.A.friends
B.friend’s
C.friends’
9.A.they
B.them
C.their
10.A.play
B.playing
C.to play
四、语法填空
(25-26 七年级上·河北石家庄·期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确
形式填空。
It’s my
1
(grandmother) birthday today. We have a party
2
her. My
3
(parent) prepare a lot of food for the party. There
4
(be) some meat,
5
(fish), vegetables,
noodles and drinks.
6
(me) uncle and aunt come to the party. They bring
7
big cake and some
gifts for my grandmother. My cousin Jack
8
(give) my grandmother a nice card. The party begins
9
six o’clock
10
the evening. I play
11
piano and we sing Happy Birthday
12
You
together for my grandmother.
13
is very happy. Then she makes a wish
14
cuts the cake. We
are
15
(real) happy today.
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