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专题02 形容词和副词
内容导航
01 复习目标→明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构→系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03 综合通关→综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
形容词
1. 形容词的定义与位置(作定语、表语);
2. 形容词比较级和最高级的基本用法;
3. 常见形容词辨析。
1. 考查形容词在句中正确的位置;
2. 结合语境考查比较级和最高级的运用;
3. 注意形容词与副词的区分。
副词
1. 副词的定义与分类(时间、地点、方式、程
度等);
2. 副词的位置(修饰动词、形容词、副词);
3. 副词的比较级和最高级。
1. 考查副词修饰动词的基本用法;
2. 辨析形容词与副词(如
quick /
quickly);
3. 比较级和最高级的正确使用。
形容词
与副词
的辨析
1. 形容词与副词的基本区别(修饰对象不同);
2. 形副同形词(fast, hard, early 等);
3. 以-ly 结尾的形容词(friendly, lovely 等);
4. 易混淆的形副对(good/well, late/lately,
hard/hardly)。
1. 根据句中被修饰的词判断该用形容
词还是副词;
2. 考查形副同形词在不同语境中的词
性及含义;
3. 区分-ly 结尾的形容词与方式副词;
4. 语境中辨析good/well 等易混词。
考情解码:形容词和副词是英语中描述事物和动作的重要词类。从近三年的命题趋势看,本专题呈现以下
特点:1. 考查形容词和副词的区分;2. 比较级和最高级是核心考点;3. 形容词与副词的转换(加-ly)是
高频易错点;4. 语境化命题趋势明显,理解句意是关键。
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脉|络|重|构
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考|点|精|讲
【课标要求】理解形容词和副词的基本概念:①掌握形容词的基本用法:作定语修饰名词;作表语放在系
动词后。②掌握副词的基本用法:修饰动词表示方式;修饰形容词或副词表示程度。③掌握比较级和最高
级的构成与用法:规则变化(加-er / -est,或more / most);常见不规则变化(如good →better →best);
能在语境中正确使用比较级和最高级进行比较。④能够在语境中正确区分并使用形容词和副词。
知识点一形容词的用法
◆形容词的定义
形容词用来描述人或事物的特征、性质、状态或颜色等。常用来回答“什么样的?”。
如:big(大的), small(小的), happy(开心的), sad(难过的), red(红色的), tall(高的)
1. 形容词的位置
位置
说明
例句
定语(名词前、不定代词后)
修饰名词
I have an interesting book.
I have something important to say.
表语(系动词后)
说明主语
The book is interesting.
宾语补足语(少数动词如:keep, make, leave 后)
补充说明宾语
The news made me sad.
2. 形容词的构成
类别
构成方法
意义
例词
天气名词
-y
充满…… 的,
多…… 的
cloud—cloudy 多云的;sun—sunny 晴朗的;rain—rainy 下
雨的;wind—windy 有风的;snow—snowy 下雪的;
fog—foggy 有雾的;ice—icy 结冰的
方位名词
-ern
…… 方位的,
朝…… 方的
west—western 西方的;south—southern 南方的;east—eastern
东方的;north—northern 北方的
物质名词
-en/-y
…… 制成
的,…… 般的
wood—wooden 木制的;sand—sandy 多沙的;gold—golden
金色的;stone—stony 多石的;wool—woolen 羊毛的
国家名词
-n
…… 的,……
人的
America—American 美国的;Canada—Canadian 加拿大的;
Australia—Australian 澳大利亚的;India—Indian 印度的;
Italy—Italian 意大利的;Asia—Asian 亚洲的;
Europe—European 欧洲的;Africa—African 非洲的;
Mexico—Mexican 墨西哥的;Korea—Korean 韩国的
3. 特殊形容词
(1)以a - 作前缀的表语形容词:
afraid 害怕的;asleep 睡着的;alive 活着的;awake 醒着的;alone 独自的;ashamed 羞愧的
(2)分词转换形容词:-ing 修饰物,-ed 修饰人
interesting 有趣的—interested 感兴趣的;
exciting 令人兴奋的—excited 感到兴奋的;
boring 令人无聊的—bored 感到无聊的;
tiring 令人疲倦的—tired 感到疲倦的;
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surprising 令人惊讶的—surprised 感到惊讶的;
amazing 令人惊奇的—amazed 感到惊奇的;
worrying 令人担心的—worried 感到担心的;
relaxing 令人放松的—relaxed 感到放松的;
disappointing 令人失望的—disappointed 感到失望的;satisfying 令人满意的—satisfied 感到满意的;
shocking 令人震惊的—shocked 感到震惊的;
touching 令人感动的—touched 感动的
(3)多个形容词作前置定语顺序
限(this/that/a/an/the)→大→形(square/round)→龄(young/old)→色→国→材→名
例:a nice large square old brown wooden table
巧学妙记:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
(4)含形容词的常用句型
1.It’s+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.(形容人品质:kind, nice, polite 等)
2.It’s+adj.(+for+sb.)+to do sth.(形容事情难易:difficult, easy 等)
【典例破题】
(2024·北京·中考题改编)The movie was really ______. We all enjoyed it.
A.bored
B.boring
C.bore
D.boringly
【答案】B
【思路点拨】本题主要考查形容词作表语的用法。句中“was”是系动词,后面需要接形容词作表语,说明主
语“The movie”的特征。bored“感到无聊的”(修饰人),boring“令人无聊的”(修饰物)。主语是movie,指
物,因此用boring。
规则总结:以-ed 结尾的形容词通常修饰人(感到……的);
以-ing 结尾的形容词通常修饰物(令人……的)。
【易错警示】
易错点1:“基数词+连字符+名词(+形容词)”可以构成复合形容词,表示长、宽、高、深、年龄意义,
作前置定语。
如:Li Wen is a 15-year-old boy from the countryside.李文是一个来自的十五岁的男孩。
易错点2:-ing 形容词和-ed 形容词的区别
①-ing 形容词常用来描述事物本身具有的性质,表示“令人感到......的”,主语一般是物。
如:amazing,boring,exciting,interesting,moving,relaxing,surprising,tiring 等。
②-ed 形容词常用来描述人对事物的感受,表示“感到......的”,主语一般是人。
如:amazed,bored,excited,interested,moved,relaxed,surprised,tired 等。
巧学妙记:事做主语用-ing,人感情绪用-ed;
易错点3:“the+形容词”作主语或宾语
“定冠词the+形容词”表示一类人(复数含义)。常见的形容词有good,bad,rich,poor,young,old,deaf,blind,
living,dead 等。
如:The old are taken good care of in this community.在这个社区,老年人被照顾得很好。
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【巩固提升1】
1.—Why do you like reading?
— Because it can make me ________ and forget all my troubles.
A.relaxes
B.relaxed
C.relaxing
D.to relax
2.The movie is so ________ that I feel _____.
A.relaxing; relaxed
B.relaxed; relaxing
C.relaxing; relaxing
D.relaxed; relaxed
3.—How wide is the Golden Gate Bridge?
—It’s ________. It’s a _________ bridge. (1 foot ≈30 cm )
A.90 feet wide; 90-foot-wide
B.90-foot-wide; 90-feet-wide
C.90 foot wide; 90 feet wide
D.90-feet-wide; 90 feet wide
【巩固提升2】
1.The little boy felt ________ during the first month abroad, but soon he made new friends.
A.sadly
B.lonely
C.angrily
D.excitedly
2. “You look _________ in the new dress.” Tom said to Sally.
A.lovely
B.friendly
C.lonely
D.Quietly
3. Our English class is so ________ that we all take an active part in it.
A.boring
B.lively
C.quiet
D.dirty
【巩固提升3】
1. It’s very kind ________ you to help me, but it’s very hard ________ you to finish too much work in a short
time.
A.for; for
B.of; of
C.for; of
D.of; for
2. Alice thinks some rules are important, but she feels they are ________.
A.interesting
B.great
C.awful
D.easy
3. That naughty boy often tells lies, so his words make his father ________.
A.angry
B.angrily
C.anger
D.happy
知识点二副词的用法
◆副词的定义
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
示例:quickly(快速地), slowly(缓慢地), very(非常), here(这里), now(现在)
1. 副词的分类
分类
用法
例词
时间副词
句首/ 句末
now 现在;then 那时/ 然后;tomorrow 明天;ago 以前;soon 不
久;recently 最近
地点副词
句末,不加介词
here 在这里;there 在那里;home 在家/ 往家;in 在里面;out 在
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外面;inside 在内部;outside 在外部;down 向下;up 向上;away 离
开;back 回来/ 向后;everywhere 到处;somewhere 在某处
方式副词
动词后
carefully 小心地;easily 容易地;fast 快速地;happily 开心地;slowly
慢慢地;quickly 迅速地;loudly 大声地;clearly 清楚地
程度副词
形/ 副前,助动词后
much 非常/ 更加;a little 有点儿/ 稍微;very 非常;enough 足够
地;quite 相当/ 很;almost 几乎;nearly 将近;too 太;so 如此;
频度副词
实义动词前,系动词后
always 总是;usually 通常;often 经常;sometimes 有时;seldom 很
少;hardly ever 几乎不;never 从不
疑问副词
句首,特殊疑问
where 在哪里;when 什么时候;why 为什么;how 怎样;how long
多长/ 多久;how often 多久一次;how soon 还要多久;how far 多
远;how many 多少(可数);how much 多少(不可数/ 多少钱)
2. 副词的用法
(1)修饰动词,位于动词之前或之后。
如: He often loses things.他经常丢东西。
Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first. 先快速阅读抓住大意。
(2)修饰形容词或副词,位于形容词或副词之前。但是enough 作副词时,要放在其所修饰的形容词或副
词之后。
如: I couldn’t run fast enough to catch up with her. 我没法跑得足够快去跟上她。
(3)修饰整个句子,常位于句首。
如: Luckily, he didn’t get hurt. 幸运地是,他没有受伤。
3. 副词的构成(形容词+ ly)。
形容词种类
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加- ly
quick—quickly;slow—slowly
辅音+ y 结尾
变y 为i 加
- ly
happy—happily 快乐的— 快乐地;heavy—heavily 沉重的— 猛烈地;
easy—easily 容易的— 容易地;busy—busily 忙碌的— 忙碌地;
开音节
e 结
尾
加- ly
wide—widely 宽的— 广泛地;polite—politely 礼貌的— 礼貌地;
nice—nicely 美好的— 好好地;late—lately 晚的— 近来;
元音+ e 结尾
去e 加- ly
true—truly 真实的— 真实地
le 结尾
去e 加- y
possible—possibly 可能的— 可能地;terrible—terribly 糟糕的— 极其;
comfortable—comfortably 舒适的— 舒适地;gentle—gently 温和的—
温和地;simple—simply 简单的— 简单地;
-ll 结尾
只加- y
full—fully 满的— 充分地;dull—dully 无趣的— 沉闷地;
特殊
good—well
4. 形容词变副词的规则
规则
举例
一般情况下直接在形容词词尾加-ly
slow→slowly , clear→clearly
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以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,先变y 为i,再
加-ly
busy→busily, easy→easily
以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,先去e,再加-y
true→truly, terrible→terriblly
【典例破题1】
(2024·天津·中考题改编)Please listen to the teacher ______ in class.
A.careful
B.carefully
C.careless
D.carelessly
【答案】B
【思路点拨】句中“listen”是动词,需要用副词来修饰。careful 是形容词,carefully 是副词,意为“认真地”。
句意:请认真听老师讲课。因此用carefully。
巧学妙记:判断用形容词还是副词的“两步法”:
1. 看被修饰的词:若被修饰的词是名词,用形容词;
2. 若被修饰的词是动词、形容词或另一副词,用副词。
【典例破题2】
(2025·江苏·模拟)Who can jump ______, Tom or Mike?
A.high
B.higher
C.highest
D.the highest
【答案】B
【思路点拨】句中有“Tom or Mike”,表示两者进行比较,因此用比较级。high 的比较级是higher(直接
加er)。副词最高级前可以省略the。
【易错警示】
易错点1:既是形容词又是副词的词的区分
fast:形容词(快的)和副词(快地)同形。
如:a fast car(形容词)/ He runs fast(副词)
hard:形容词(困难的;努力的),副词(努力地)。
如:a hard problem / work hard
易错点2:频率副词的位置错误
错误:I go often to the library.
正确:I often go to the library.(频率副词放在be 动后实义动词前)
易错点3:有些副词在形容词后加-ly, 两者意义有所不同
如:hard(adj.&adv.) 努力的(地);hardly(adv.) 几乎不
free (adj.&adv.) 免费的(地);freely (adv.) 自由地
late (adj.&adv.) 晚的(地)、迟的(地);lately (adv.) 近来
【巩固提升1】
1.My grandpa goes for a walk in the park ________ and this is his ________ exercise to keep healthy.
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A.everyday; every day
B.every day; every day
C.every day; everyday
D.everyday; everyday
2.—Hello, Jenny. Where is Tom? I can’t find him ________.
—Oh, he has gone to the library.
A.everywhere
B.anywhere
C.somewhere
D.nowhere
3.The children must study or read ____________ in the library.
A.quiet
B.quietly
C.more quietly
D.most quietly
【巩固提升2】
1.________ of the food in the fridge has gone bad, so we need to buy ________ everything for the party.
A.Most; almost
B.Almost; most
C.Most; most
D.Almost; almost
2.I have ________ been to Hong Kong Ocean Park. I really want to go there.
A.ever
B.never
C.already
D.just
3.The new kind of car is ________ expensive. I don’t have ________ to afford it.
A.too much; money enough
B.much too; money enough
C.too much; enough money
D.much too; enough money
【巩固提升3】
1.My mother ________ me a story at night.
A.reads always
B.read always
C.always reads
D.always read
2.They arrived ________ at the party.
A.early
B.earlier
C.earliest
D.the earliest
3.One is ________ too old to learn.
A.even
B.Never
C.often
D.also
知识点三形容词和副词的比较等级
1. 规则变化
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般加- er/-est
slow, fast
slower, faster
slowest, fastest
不发音e 结尾加-
r/-st
large, late
larger, later
largest, latest
重读闭音节双写加
- er/-est
big, fat, hot, thin,wet
bigger, fatter, hotter,
thinner,wetter
biggest, fattest, hottest, thinnest,wettest
辅音+ y 结尾变y
为i 加- er/-est
easy, early
easier, earlier
easiest, earliest
多音节前加
boring, carefully
more boring, more
most boring, most carefully
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more/most
carefully
2. 不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
巧学妙记:两好两坏两多少,远老双形要记牢。
3. 形容词、副词原级的用法
结构
例子
说明
A + a s + 原级+ a s + B
Bill runs as fast as Jack.
表示前后二者情况一样
A + n o t
a s / s o + 原级+ a s + B
Tom isn't as strong as Jack.
表示前者不如后者
注意:原级可用very, too, so, quite 等修饰。
4.形容词、副词比较级的用法
结构
例子
说明
A + 比较级+ t h a n + B
I am older than my little sister.
表示“比......更......”
比较级+ a n d + 比较级
The days are getting longer and longer.
表示“越来越.......”
the+比较级,the+比较级
The more you practice,the better you'll be.
表示“越......,越......”
Which/Who is+比较级,A or B?
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?
表示“哪个/谁更......”
比较级+than any other+名词单数
比较级+than the other+名词复数
She is taller than any other girl in her class.
She runs faster than the other girls in her class
比较级表达最高级意
义
注意:比较级的修饰词有:much(······得多)far(······得多)
even(甚至,更)
still(更)
a bit(有点)
a little(有点)
a lot(很)
5. 形容词、副词最高级的用法
结构
例子
说明
t h e + 最高级+ in/of 短语
He is the tallest student in his class.
用于三者或更多者中
one of the+最高级+名词复数
He is one of the tallest boys in our class.
表示“最......之一”
Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,
B or C?
Who runs the fastest, Tom, Jack or Bill?
用于三者或更多者中
序数词+形容词最高级
He is the second tallest in his class.
表示“第几最.....”
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注意:副词最高级前的the 可以省略,而形容词最高级前的the 不能省略。
【典例破题】
(2024·广州·期中改编)This book is ______ than that one, but it is ______ of the three.
A.cheaper; the cheapest
B.cheaper; cheapest
C.cheapest; the cheaper
D.cheap; cheaper
【答案】A
【思路点拨】第一空有than,用比较级cheaper;第二空有of the three(三者范围),用最高级,且最高
级前加the。因此选A。
【易错警示】
易错点1:形容词最高级前漏掉the
错误:She is tallest girl in class.
正确:She is the tallest girl in class.
易错点2:比较对象不对等
错误:The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai.
正确:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
易错点3:副词最高级前的the 可以省略
He jumps (the) highest in our class.
易错点4:比较级中than 前后比较的对象要一致
错误:Her hair is longer than my.
正确:Her hair is longer than mine.(mine = my hair)
巧学妙记:形容词作用大,修饰名词作定表;副词修饰动形副,位置顺序要记牢;
【巩固提升1】
1.—Do you think who is _________, Lily or Lucy?
—I think Lily is as __________ as Lucy.
A.thin; thin
B.thinner; thinner
C.thinner; thin
D.thin; thinner
2.Emma is one of ________ singers in our music club. She has a wonderful voice.
A.Good
B.better
C.best
D.the best
3.________ the old woman watched the picture of her dead uncle, ________ she felt.
A.The more; sadder
B.More; sadder
C.The more; the sadder
D.More; sadder
【巩固提升2】
1.With the development of AI, people can finish work ________ than before.
A.easily
B.more easily
C.most easily
D.easier
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2.Who jumps ________ in your class, Lucy or Lily?
A.high
B.tall
C.higher
D.highest
3.Who sings ________, Tom, Jack or Bill?
A.more beautiful
B.more beautifully
C.the most beautifully
D.the most beautiful
【巩固提升3】
1.—Who usually comes to the classroom ________ in your class?
—Sue. She is always the first.
A.earlier
B.earliest
C.later
D.latest
2.Are you sure he practiced ________ times as the other members? He dances worse than ________ in the team.
A.as many; any other member
B.as much; any member
C.more; any of the other members
D.more; all the members
一、单项选择
1.(26-27 七年级上·山东·小升初衔接)Mary’s ________ brother is a doctor. He is four years ________ than her.
A.older, elder
B.elder, elder
C.elder, older
D.older, oldest
2.(25-26 八年级下·广东广州·期中)Please read the article ________ to find the information you need.
A.enough carefully
B.careful enough
C.carefully enough
D.enough
careful
3.(25-26 八年级上·江苏镇江·期中)—Jimmy, you kept getting low marks in your tests. Maybe you don’t study
________ before.
—Sorry, Mrs Smith. I’ll be more hard-working.
A.as careful as
B.so careless as
C.as carelessly as
D.so carefully as
4.(25-26 八年级下·全国·单元测试)If we all take small actions, our environment will become much ________.
A.dirty
B.dirtier
C.beautiful
D.more beautiful
5.(24-25 七年级下·全国·课后作业)He ________ late for school.
A.is always
B.always is
C.are always
D.always are
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2026·江苏连云港·二模)The sick boy felt even ________ (bad) than yesterday.
2.(25-26 八年级下·全国·课前预习)He ________ (hard) talks about his prizes.
3.(25-26 七年级下·全国·单元测试)The Yadan landform in North-west China is very ________ (usual).
4.(25-26 七年级下·全国·单元测试)The Danxia landform is a ________ (nature) wonder and treat for your eyes.
5.(25-26 八年级下·全国·单元测试)You will ________ (success) finish all your tasks if you keep working hard.
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三、语法选择
(25-26 七年级下·全国·课后作业)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项
中,选出最佳选项。
Hi Mike,
How are you? I want to tell you about my experience with Chinese folk art last weekend.
On Saturday, I
1
get up early. So I went to the folk art center early. There, I learned how to
2
paper-cuttings. The teacher showed us some wonderful works first. Then we started to cut. I
3
made a
paper flower, but it was not perfect. In the afternoon, I went to a museum with my friend. We saw many old clay
figures and
4
about their history.
On Sunday, I
5
go out. I stayed at home and
6
a book about shadow puppetry. I also
tried to make a simple shadow puppet with cardboard. Sometimes I asked my dad to
7
me. In the
evening, we watched a shadow puppetry show online.
What about you? What do you
8
know about Chinese folk art? I’d love to know
9
you
think of it.
Looking forward to
10
from you soon!
Wu Jun
1.A.seldom
B.always
C.never
D.like
2.A.make
B.makes
C.made
D.making
3.A.finally
B.first
C.quickly
D.easily
4.A.learn
B.learned
C.learns
D.learning
5.A.often
B.usually
C.sometimes
D.seldom
6.A.read
B.reads
C.readed
D.Reading
7.A.help
B.helps
C.helped
D.helping
8.A.usually
B.already
C.never
D.sometimes
9.A.what
B.when
C.where
D.how
10.A.hear
B.hears
C.hearing
D.heard
四、语法填空
(24-25 七年级上·山西大同·期中)请阅读下面语篇,根据其内容,在空白处填入适当的单词,使其通顺、
连贯,并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词
....。
My name is Tom. I’m
1
Canada. But I live in China now. I’m twelve years old. I have big blue
eyes and blond hair. I’m tall. My shirt
2
purple and my pants are white. Now I’m
3
Class
Seven, Grade Seven. Look! That boy in a green coat is my friend, Ben. He comes from the USA.He’s twelve, too.
He is strong. His hair is black. We are in the
4
school, but in different
5
. I am in Class Seven.
He is in Class Five.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
五、任务型阅读
(25-26 七年级下·全国·单元测试)阅读短文,回答问题,每空不超过10 个单词。
Keep Wonderful Trip Memories
School trips are special days for students. First, trips help us explore nature and learn different life skills,
such as planting vegetables and using simple machines. Second, we can make new friends when we meet up and
take activities together. Third, writing trip stories in diaries can help us keep these warm memories for a long time.
However, many students only take photos and forget to record feelings. Teachers tell us three ways: take a
small diary, write down key steps during the trip, and realize the meaning behind every activity. Small habits make
great long-term memories.
1.What can we learn from school trips?
2.What do many students only do during trips?
3.What three ways do teachers give us?
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