01.核心动词例析
第一部分 语义辨析
1.say, speak, talk, tell
1) say表示讲话，作为及物动词使用，后跟宾语或宾语从句。
He said he would go there. It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.
2)speak表示“讲话”，一般作为不及物动词使用，而有时作为及物动词后面跟上各种语言作为宾语。Do
you speak English? May I speak to Mr. Pope, please?
3) talk表示“谈话”，是不及物动词，与to , about, with等连用，才可以接宾语。
What are you talking about? Mr. Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.
4) tell 表示“告诉，讲述”是及物动词，可以带双宾语或复合宾语。
She told us an interesting story yesterday.
My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.
2. look, see, watch,read
1) look强调“看”这个动作，是不及物动词，常与at连用，然后接宾语。
Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.
Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?
2) see 指“看见”某物，强调的是结果。
They can‘t see the words on the blackboard. Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?
3) watch 指的是“观看”，“注视”之意。
The twins are watching TV now. He will go to watch a volleyball match.
4） read指“看书”、“看报”、“阅读”之意。
Don‘t read in the sun. I like to read newspapers when I am free.
3.borrow, lend, keep
1) borrow意思为“借入”，常常与from连用，是非延续性动词，表示瞬间即能完成的动作。 Meimeiborrowed a book from the library just now.
May I borrow your dictionary?
2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常与to连用，同borrow一样，是非延续性动词，只表示瞬间即能完成的动作。
Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr. Li. Could you lend us your radio, please?
3) keep是“保存”的意思，动作可以延续。
How long can the recorder be kept? The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.
4. bring, take, carry, get
1) bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please. May I bring Jim to see you next Saturday?
2) take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you. Mother took the little girl to the next room.
3) carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去
的方向。
Do you always carry a handbag? The box is heavy. Can you carry it?
4) get是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my office to get some chalk. There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?
5. wear, put on, dress
1) wear是“穿着”“戴着”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调“穿
着”的状态。
Tom always wears black shoes. He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.
She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.
2) put on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。着重于穿戴的动作。
It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.
He put on his hat and went out of the room.3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词，有“穿着”“打扮”的意思。作“穿着”解时，只用于穿衣服，不
用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作为及物动词用时，它的宾语是人，不是衣服。dress sb. （给某人穿衣服），
而wear作“穿着”用时，也是及物动词，但它的宾语是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿着衣物）。
She always dresses well.
Get up and dress quickly.
Mary is dressing her child.
6. take, spend, use
1) take指做某事用多少时间，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.
It took me three days to finish the work.
It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.
2) spend指某人在某事（物）上花费时间或钱。句型是：
Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.
She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.
He didn‘t spend much time on his lessons.
He spent much time (in) correcting students’ exercises.
3) use表示使用工具、手段等。
Do you know how to use the computer? Shall we use your car
7.reach, get,arrive
1) reach是及物动词，后面要直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。
After the train had left, they reached the station
We reached the top of the mountain at last.
2) get是不及动词，常与to连用，再接名词，后面接表示地点的副词时，不用to，get to常用于口语中。
When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.
My sister was cooking when mother got home.3) arrive是不及物动词，表示到达一个小地方时，用arrive at, 到达一个大地方时用arrive in。
The soldiers arrived at a small village
The foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.
8. lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物动词)
lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物动词)
lie (说谎) lied， lied， lying
[误］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.
[正］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.
9. rise 是不及物动词，其后不能接宾语，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物动词。
[误］ Please rise your hand.
[正］ Please raise your hand.
10. like作为"喜欢"讲时，可以接动名词也可以接不定式，但接动名词时多表达一种习惯性动作。而接不
定式则侧重于表达一次性、特殊性的动作。但要注意的是 like 与would连用时则一定要接不定式，如：
Would you like to go with me? 再有一点要注意的是，like作为介词"像"讲时，只能用分词作其宾语。
[误］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.
[正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
11. hear的侧重点是听到、听见什么，而 listen to 的侧重点为听的倾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone
calling help?这样的词还有look与see。它们的侧重点也不同，look重于"看"的倾向，而see重于看见没看
见。
[误］Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?
[正］Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?
12. 英语中see 与 watch 各有不同的用处，see用于看电影、剧目，而watch用作看电视和看球赛。
[误］ Did you watch some film recently?
[正］ Did you see some film recently?13. hang有两个含义，① "挂"，它的过去时与过去分词是hung， hung;② "绞刑"，这时它是规则动词，
其过去式与过去分词则为hanged， hanged。
[误］ Look. A beautiful lamp hanged from the ceiling.
[正］ Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.
14.[ "借"在英文中有三个词，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，
如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因为borrow与lend都是截止性动词，而keep是延续
性动词。如 How long can I keep it?
[误］How long can I borrow this book?
[正］How long can I keep this book?
15. win是及物动词，其后面的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金。而 beat的宾语，应是人、队、班级等
等，如：We won the game.
[误］We have won your class.
[正］We have beaten your class.
16. leave是"丢下"，其后一定要接地点状语，而forget其后不要接地点状语。
［误］I left my key.
［正］I forgot my key.
［正］I left my key at home.
17.bring为“带来”如：Next time bring your little sister here.
take为“带走”，fetch为“去某处取什么回来”，如：Please fetch some coffee for us
［误］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.
［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take the rain coat with you.
18. reach作“到达”讲时是及物动词，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30.作为"到达"讲时还有arrive (in+大地
方)(at＋较小的地方)和get to.
［误］ The policeman reached to his home.［正］ The policeman reached his home.
19. 英文中的"花费"有4个spend, cost, take 和 pay,其中spend 与pay所在句中的主语应为人，如：I
spent two hours in doing my homework. I paid five dollars for the book.而cost与take的主语则是事物，如：
It takes me two years to finish this book.
［误］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.
［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.
20.open是动词也是形容词，而close则要用其过去分词作形容词。
［误］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.
［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.
［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.
21.英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有
have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而
wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。
dress用作动词当"穿衣"讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they
couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.
［误］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.
［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.
22. begin与start均可指"开始"，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况
下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something
wrong with it.② 作为"旅途开始"讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the
road.
［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?
［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?23. find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词"建立"，它是规
则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded , 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
［误］I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.
［正］I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.
24.understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate… I got it 是美语，即I understood it。要记
住get 作为"到达"讲时是不及物动词，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m.
［误］ Are you understanding it? Yes, I got it.
［正］ Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.
25.英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。
［误］The meat has become badly.
［正］The meat has become bad.
26.have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。
［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.
［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.
27. 在接双宾语的动词后面的两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，一个是间接宾语，如：Buy me a book中me是
间接宾语，而a book是直接宾语。如果将直接宾语前置，其后应加to，如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to
me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.
［误］Please buy a book for me.
［正］Please buy me a book.
［正］Please buy a book to me.
28.在主动语态中，有时可以加不带to的不定式作宾语，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果变
为被动语态时，则要将省略的to还原。当然这些动词还可以加动名词作宾语，如： I saw him coming into
the book store, 如变为被动语态时，则没有变化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.
［误］ He was seen come into the book store.［正］ He was seen to come into the book store.
29.有些动词可以表示一种动作，但也可以用来表示某种性质，表示动作时可用被动语态，在表示性质时
则不可用被动语态。如：
This book sells well. 这本书畅销。This car drives easily. 这车容易驾驶。
These clothes wash easily. 这些衣服好洗。
在作上述表达时，不要用被动语态。
而要讲：
This kind of book was sold out. (这种书卖完了)
These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 这时要用被动语态，因为它描述的是具体动作。
［误］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well?
［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?
30. 在肯定的回答中不要用缩写形式，而在否定的回答中可以用缩写形式，如：No. It isn't.
［误］ Is this book yours? Yes, It's.
［正］ Is this book yours? Yes, It is.
31./have+人+动词原形或现在分词意为：让某人作某事，如：My father had me learn how to drive， 或
My father had me doing my homework from morning till might have+物+动词的过去分词为某件事被别
人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理发。而不是自己理发。如果讲我想自己作某事，则用 I want to
repair my bike myself.
［误］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.
［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.
32. have与get的用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。相同之处，如：have something done, 也可用get
something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something.但不同之处在于have somebody do something 在
用get时则要用get somebody to do something。
［误］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.
33. must 加动词原形表达一种比较肯定的推测，而表示否定的推测则要用can't。
［误］Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in
the office just now.
［正］Is Tom in the classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the
office just now.
34. can (could) 多用于表达客观的事实，主观能力，而be able to 则多用于表达主观的意愿。
［误］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he is able to read without glasses.
［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.
35.what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to
know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑问副词，
不能作及物动词的宾语，而what是疑问代词，可做do的宾语，所以what to do 后不要加it。
［误］ he told me to drive a car.
［正］ He told me how to drive a car.
36.许多形容词后加不定式，这样用时形容词多是用来描述人物的感情、态度，如：glad, happy, pleased,
lucky, sorry, sad, ready, careful, surprised。
［误］ I am very glad meeting you.
［正］ I am very glad to meet you.
37. 在不定式作宾语时，下列情况常用主动语态表示被动。① 句子的主语即是不定式动作的执行者，如：
I have a lot of letters to write. ② 句中的宾语是不定式中动作的执行者，如：Could you find me a job to do?
③ 在形容词之后的不定式，如：English is difficult to learn.
［误］This work is difficult to be done.
［正］This work is difficult to do.
38.在感观动词之后常接不带to的不定式。这些词是see, look at, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice。［误］ Did you see someone to do this work for me?
［正］ Did you see someone do this work for me?
39. 在make, have, let后加不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
［误］ Please let my child to try it again.
［正］ Please let my child try it again.
40. 现在分词作定语有正在的含义，如：falling leave 正下落的叶子。而过去分词作定语fallen leaves是落
地的叶子。过去分词含有已经完成的意思。
［误］ In autumn, the street is always covered with falling leaves.
［正］ In autumn, the street is always covered with fallen leaves.
41.感观动词可用不带to的不定式来作宾语补足语，表达一个动作的全过程或已结束的动作，而用现在分
词表示一个正在进行中的动作。
［误］ Do you hear someone sing in the office?
［正］ Do you hear someone singing in the office?
42. shop作买东西讲时，要用go shopping,其后不要加所购买的东西。这样的用法还有： go boating 划
船 go sailing 航海 go skating 滑冰go shooting 射击 go dancing 去跳舞 go fishing 钓鱼go swimming
去游泳…… 不要用错，也不要改为其他形式，因为这是习惯用法。
［误］ I want to shop some food for supper.
［正］ I want to buy some food for supper.
［正］ I want to go shopping.
43.remember后接不定式是记着去做某事，即该动作并没有完成。而remember 后接动名词则表明该动作
已经作完了。如： Do remember to turn off the light, before you leave. 即在你离开前记着去关灯。而关灯
的动作并没有做。I remember meeting you somewhere. 我记得在某处见过你。而相见一事已经作完了。相
同用法还有forget。
［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief came into the room.［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room.
44. go on to do something 是做完一件事紧跟着做另一件事。而 go on doing something 是在做一件事的过
程中被打断后接着再继续做这件事。
［误］ When he finished his homework, he went on playing the football.
［正］ When he finished his homework, he went on to play football.
45. stop to do something 是停下来去做某事，而stop doing something 则是停止做某事。
［误］When the teacher came into the classroom, they stopped to talk.
［正］When the teacher came into the classroom. They stopped talking.
46. Why not, you'd better 后接不带to的不定式，如：You'd better go.但要注意的是它的否定式是You'd
better not go.
［误］Why not to do it again?
［正］Why not do it again?
第二部分 运用强化
一、单项选择
1. My money is ________, so I have to call my parents saying that I am missing them.
A. run out B. using up
C. running out D. running out of
2. —Next week I will go to a job interview. will you give me some suggestions?
—Smiling is a great way to make yourself ________.
A. stand out B. turn out
C. work out D. pick out
3. Then the website was ______ on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular.
A. talked B. spoken C. thought D. mentioned
4. Such animals as dinosaurs died out because they couldn’t ____ to the sudden change of the climate.
A. suit B. keep C. adapt D. switch
5. _________ people’s discussion and you will know a lot.
A. Join B. Join in
C. Take part D. Add up6. When asked whether Andrew would like to live in the school, she __________ to answer that question, because
she herself loved to stay home.
A. delayed B. smiled
C. hesitated D. cheered
7. Many people feel nervous the first time they attend a concert, so I recommend ________ the hall early to have
enough time ________ yourself comfortable.
A. arriving, to make B. to arrive, making
C. reaching, making D. reaching, to make
8. The manager had something more important to do, as a result he couldn’t here this evening.
A. pick up B. take up C. make up D. turn up
9. Many businesses started up by college students have _________thanks to the comfortable climate for business
creation.
A. fallen off B. taken off
C. turned off D. left off
10. The oldest Disney-themed park receives over 14 million visitors each year, nearly $3 billion in revenue.
A. putting in B. taking in
C. joining in D. cutting in
11. The hotel ____ me ＄50 for a single room during one night.
A. took B. cost C. charged D. paid
12. Mr. Painter wanted to design a new system to ________ the water in his garden in heavy rains.
A. retreat B. drain
C. tremble D. shrink
13. He _____ to us that those eggs which were _____ on the table had been _____ by snakes.
A. lied; laying; lied B. lied; lying; lain
C. laid; laid; laid D. lied; lying; laid
14. Have you ever watched the film about a teacher who helped her student _____ after a car accident?
A. recover B. recognize C. rescue D. realize
15. It was when he ________ the door that he was aware that it was locked from the outside.
A. approached B. ignored C. judged D. focused
16. We must do something to_______factories________waste water into the river before it is cleaned.
A. stop; pouring B. prevent; to pourC. keep; pouring D. stop; to pour
17. Can you do the job alone, or do you want someone to _________ you?
A. affect B. approve C. assist D. arrange
18. Some Western countries have long ________ that Iran aims to create a nuclear bomb, but Teheran said the
materials were only for civil use.
A. suspected B. doubted C. wondered D. convinced
19. Success only______ those with courage and determination.
A. favors B. requests C. reflects D. instructs
20. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to _____its reality.
A. make up B. bring up C. figure out D. break through
21. They soon ______ doing the same thing day after day, and finally gave up.
A. got tired of B. got along with C. got away from D. got down to
22. Although they’ve never met, they have been ________ by e-mail for years.
A. staying in touch with B. getting in touch with
C. keeping in touch D. getting in touch
23. —Was the suspect pronounced guilty?
—Yes，the new evidence ________ the first witness' story.
A. confirmed B. claimed
C. declared D. observed
24. With the ladies doing their square dancing downstairs, he could hardly keep ________ his homework.
A. settled for B. focused on C. intended for D. turned to
25. The great policy has ________ amazing chain effects in developing agriculture in my hometown.
A. come across B. turned around C. brought about D. got through
26. Every year millions of tourists and pilgrims are________ to Vatican City mainly by the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel, which Michelangelo________ to paint in 1508.
A. hooked; was assigned B. hooked; assigned
C. attracted; was assigned D. attracted; assigned
27. If you surf the Internet, you can ________ various information ________ the topic.
A. search, concern B. search for, concerns C. search for, concerning D. search, concerns
28. The 2011 Taiwan film You Are the Apple of My Eyes _____ to be a great success among mainland viewers.
A. turned out B. made outC. went out D. put out
29. — Oh, it's too difficult for me to work out the problem.
— Don't worry. We'll work together to ________ it.
A. justify B. criticize C. deceive D. resolve
30. When I _______ all the experiences that I have had around the world since _______ Doctors without Borders, I
feel that I have been very lucky to be able to help others and do something ______.
A. think back to; joining in; worthy
B. think over; joining; worthwhile
C. think back to; joining in; worthwhile
D. look back on; joining; worthwhile
31. While reading, you should not always _____________ a dictionary to find the meaning of each new word.
A. look up B. refer to
C. look for D. turn out
32. The four countries __________ the United Kingdom work together in some areas.
A. tending to B. belonging to C. heading to D. responding to
33. In winter, many women would like to apply the cream to their face and neck to keep moist (滋润).
A. 申请 B. 应用 C. 涂抹 D. 手压
34. She was so fortunate that she ________ the earthquake.
A. survived B. sought C. crashed D. destroyed
35. Don’t spoil the children. Can’t you make your little boy ______ himself?
A. behave B. believe
C. perform D. conduct
36. Her friends came to her when the war broke out. Anis who owned a restaurant agreed to hide some books.
A. stop B. help
C. warn D. rescue
37. London was a new world to me and I was find out more about it.
A. leading to B. dying to C. connected with D. curious about
38. The two brothers quarrelled with each other over bicycle last night but they soon _______.
A. turned up B. put up
C. made up D. showed up
39. Although the ring is not made of real diamonds, its shape and design still ____ many young girls.A. appeal to B. fit for
C. attend to D. apply for
40. It is widely acknowledged that China has been __________ into a more prosperous and advanced country in
the last 30 years.
A. transformed B. transferred
C. transported D. transmitted
41. Mail is ________ to our office twice a day.
A. delivered B. designed
C. devoted D. declared
42. At the 2008 Beijing Olympics when the Chinese-painting scroll (卷轴) was ________ before the audience,
thunderous cheers were heard.
A. struck B. dragged C. unfolded D. poured
43. As the final examinations ______ students begin to busy themselves with reviewing.
A. draw in B. drop out
C. draw near D. drop in
44. After that, he knew he could _____ any difficulty by doing what be could to the best of his ability.
A. go through B. get on with
C. get over D. go on with
45. Jenny kept asking me to use my bicycle ,and I finally _______.
A. put down B. gave in C. came up D. gave out
46. It is reported that the police will soon _____ the case of the two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after
C. look into D. look out
47. The company needs to _____ its outdated image to promote its newly-released product.
A. lay out B. call up
C. shake off D. give away
48. It was unbelievable that the little boy managed to reach the final destination, ________ drive a car.
A. let go B. let down C. let alone D. let off
49. The judging committee (评委会)______three women and four men is popular with the public.
A. is consisted of B. makes up C. consisting of D. which made up of
50. The performance ________ dance, music and mime was well received by the audience.A. consisted of B. composed C. consisting of D. composing
51. He ________ me and told me about his arrangements for the coming meeting.
A. organized B. contacted C. challenged D. investigated
52. You’d better some money for special use.
A. pick up B. set aside C. put off D. give away
53. Economic growth in the world remains weak throughout 2012 and it is hoped that it will _____ gradually in
2013.
A. break up B. make out C. work out D. pick up
54. She seems to be gentle, but she can _____ with anger when she is treated unfairly, which is surprising.
A. explode B. complain
C. differ D. bomb
55. The villagers ________ to the factories to stop polluting the river and it worked in the end.
A. appealed B. protested C. wanted D. asked
56. In a debate, ________ the side you don’t believe in can encourage your critical thinking.
A. taking up B. take away
C. taking on D. take in
57. We all like him because he often ________and tells jokes.
A. invents B. makes up
C. puts on D. puts up
58. When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket _____ and the disk in it with the important documents
gone.
A. stolen B. missing
C. lost D. picked
59. At that time, although my grandparents ________ little money, they ________ many changes in my father’s
life.
A. brought in; brought back B. brought out; brought up
C. brought down; brought up D. brought in; brought about
60. You were supposed to ______ your words carefully now that you meant no offence.
A. swallow B. break C. keep D. weigh
二、完成句子
61. 这些花已经被浇过水了，你可以回家了。These flowers________ ________ ________ ; you can go home.
62. 这件事情提醒我：我们要帮助那些正经历艰难时刻的人们。
This event ________ me that we should offer help to those who are going ________ tough times.
63. 你经常把你拥有的一切都视为理所当然。
It’s what you have that you often ________ ________ ________.
64. I sincerely hope that you will ________ my advice ________. I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon
as possible.
我真诚地希望你能考虑我的建议。我希望尽快收到你的回信。
65. 我希望能够对你的计划提出我的看法，但没有时间。
I wish I could __________ __________ __________. But there is no time.
66. 当这个装扮成天使的小孩子安然无恙地回到家时，他们的父母松了一口气。
When the little child who ________ ________ as an angel returned home safe and sound, their parents breathed in
________.
67. 不管后果如何，我将会与他们合作，并从不同的角度来处理这个棘手的问题。
________ ，I will cooperate with them to handle the overwhelming problem from a different angle .
68. Don’t lose heart； all will turn out well.
不要_________，一切都会好起来的。
69. 我会遇到新朋友，而熨烫整齐的衣服会帮助我留下一个好印象。
I would be meeting new friends, and properly ironed clothes would help me ________ ________ ________
________.
70. 这种产品的生产成本下降了三分之一。
The production cost of this product was __________ __________ __________ __________.
71. He never really ____________ ____________as an athlete and was a complete failure.
作为一个运动员他从未成功过，完全是个失败者。
72. 你父亲不再抽烟了，但是你是怎样说服他戒烟的呢?
Your father doesn’t smoke any more, but how did you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________?
73. 我很快就明白过来，形势是越来越严重了。所以我告诉社区的每一个人：“没有谁更胜人一筹。这时
候我们必须加强合作，全力以赴。”
It________ ________me soon that conditions were increasingly serious. So I told everyone in the community: “No
one________ ________ ________others. It’s high time that we________ ________and put our best foot forward.”74. 为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。
To ______ a ______, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.
75. 我沉浸在聚会的狂热中，几乎没有注意到五个小时已经过去了！
I was so ________ ________ ________ the party fever that I hardly noticed five hours fly by！
76. 水果商正在挑出已经坏掉的苹果好让其它没坏的免受污染。
The fruit seller is _________ _________ the rotten apples to _________ the good ones
_________ _________ contamination.
77. I could ________ to meet with you any day next week.
我可以安排在下周的任何一天和你见一面。
78. 世界各地三十多万人蜂拥而至，在这里谋出路，旧金山迅速成为一座大都市。
Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to ________ ________ ________, and San Francisco quickly
became a big city.
79. 沙漠看起来空无一人，沙丘的颜色与晴空的蓝色形成了鲜明的对比。
The desert appeared completely empty and the colors of the dunes __________ __________ __________ the blue
of the cloudless sky.
80. Do you know any other__________we can______________the mobile phone?(你知道手机的其他用途吗？)
（根据汉语提示完成句子）
81. 洪水过后，村民们尽力使村庄恢复生机。
After the flood,the villagers tried their best to ________the village back ________.
82. 虽然政府已颁布法律保护濒危动物，但是一些濒危动物仍然遭到捕杀。(现在进行时的被动语态)
While government has enacted laws to protect endangered animals, some of them________.
83. 目前改革的经济效果还很难判断。
The economic results of the reforms are very ________ at present.
84. 那栋房子已经被暴风雨冲走了。
The house ________ ________ ________ ________ by the storm.
85. 她积极参加各种活动，以确保自己在各方面都优秀。
She_______ an active_______ in all kinds of activities to_______ _______ that she is excellent in all aspects.
86. 今天下午我恐怕来不了，因为我要去听讲座。
I’m afraid I can’t come this afternoon, because I’ll to _____ _____ _____.
87. 是共产党领导我们走向胜利的。(lead)
It is the Communist Party____________victory.88. 你的努力会使你成功。
Your hard work will __________ __________ your success.
89. ________, his heart sank.
听说他儿子没有被理想的大学录取, 他心里一沉。
90. I________(宾补结构)
我发现这些高阶实验很有挑战性。
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tanzanian novelist Abdulrazak Gumah, 72, won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature. News of the award was
greeted with 91 (excite) in Zanzibar.
Gumah is 92 author of 10 novels, including “Memory of Departure,” and “Pilgrims Way.” His novel
“Paradise” is set in colonial East Africa during the First World War. Many of his works explore 93 he has
called “one of the stories of our times,” the deep influence of migration both 94 people and the places
they make their new homes.
He has said he “stumbled (跌跌撞撞) into” writing after 95 (arrive) in England as a way of
exploring the emigrant (移民) experience — both the loss and liberation.
Gumah’s native language is Swahili, 96 he writes in English. He is only the 97 (six)
Africa-born writer to be awarded the Nobel for literature. Since it 98 (found) in 1901, it has been
awarded to European and North American writers.
Anders Olsson is chairman of the Nobel Committee for literature. He called Gumah “one of the world’s 99
(outstanding) post-colonial writers.” He said it was 100 (significance) that Gumah’s roots are in
Zanzibar, a place that “was cosmopolitan (国际化) long before globalization...”.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Beijing Central Axis(中轴线) has taken one more step ahead to become 101 UNESCO(联合国
教科文组织) World Heritage Site, 102 will be part of China’s 2024 application project.
The Beijing Central Axis, seen as one of the most important 103 (represent) of Chinese civilization,
refers to the core area of the ancient capital city that 104 (stretch) 7.8 kilometres from the Yongding Gate
in the south 105 the Bell Tower and Drum Tower in the north. This area tells stories of emperors from
the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) 106 records the lives of both popularfigures and common people.
107 (vary) methods to advance the application have been used, including digital technologies. For
instance, visitors can travel through time and space 108 (free), moving between the past and the present,
and learn about 14 cultural heritage sites along the Central Axis by using a newly-launched mobile application.
When talking about the decision, Li Zhou, vice president of the Chinese Commission for the International
Council on Monuments and Sites, told Global Times that members 109 (join) in the application work
felt pressed for time, as there were still many preparations waiting 110 (complete).
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 111 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 112
(six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 113 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable
for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at
children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 114 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence
with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 115 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 116 (intend) for everyone.
117 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She
warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 118
saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is
a more weighty 119 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that
has been passed down through the ages can still 120 (employ) today to draw attention to important
truths.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou-16 spaceship atop the Long March-2F rocket blasted off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center
in Northwest China at 9:31 a.m.
The spaceship will conduct a fast automated rendezvous (交会) once in orbit and dock at the radial port of the
Tianhe core module, 121 (form) a combination of three modules and three spaceships.The Shenzhou-16 mission 122 (crew) by three Chinese astronauts. Jing Haipeng, 123
became the first taikonaut to go into space for a 124 (four) time with this mission, serves as the
commander and spacecraft pilot. 125 (previous), the veteran has participated in the Shenzhou-7,
Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-11 manned missions, and served as commander in the last two missions.
Zhu Yangzhu, a former university teacher 126 a doctoral degree, fulfills the role of the space flight
engineer. Zhu will be 127 first flight engineer to enter China’s space station.
Gui Haichao, a professor at Beihang University, astonished numerous social media 128 (user) when
China revealed the crew on Monday as the nation’s pioneering spectacled taikonaut. Gui serves as the payload
expert. Upon his 129 (arrive), the space station will welcome its first payload specialist.
130 (early) this month China also launched the Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft to Tiangong to deliver
supplies for the six-month-long Shenzhou 16 mission.
参考答案
1. C
【解析】考查动词短语和时态。句意：我的钱快用完了，所以我不得不给爸妈打电话说我想他们了。A用
完；B用完；C用完；D用完某物。根据句中的is可知，应该使用现在进行时，一句话不能出现两个动词，
排除A；B、C时态正确，但是use up常用于主动语态，即每人用完某物，或者用于sth be used up；钱是被
用完的，排除B；D项of缺少宾语，排除D，故选C。
2. A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——下周我要参加工作面试，您能给我一些建议吗？——微笑是让你
自己脱颖而出的很好的方法。A. stand out显眼，出众；B. turn out结果是；C. work out解决；D. pick out挑
出。根据语境及常识可知，建议是为了能够帮助人们脱颖而出。故选A。
3. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：之后这个网站在广播节目中被提起，突然该网站就变得很受欢迎。A.
talked谈论；B. spoken讲；C. thought认为；考虑；D. mentioned提及，谈到。根据语境可知，此处指“这
个网站在广播节目中被提起”。故选D项。
4. C
【解析】词义辨析。A. 适合； B.保持坚持 C. 适应 强调适应某种环境 D.转换。句意：如恐龙这样的动
物灭绝了，因为他们不能使用气候的突然变化。故选C。
5. B
【解析】考查短语辨析。Join的宾语应该是人或某个党派或组织。Join in意为参加并参与。Take part 后少了一个介词in；add up 意为加起来; 总计;与应有的数量相符，与句意不符。故
选B。
6. C
【解析】考查动词。句意：当被问及安德鲁是否愿意住在学校里时，她不愿回答这个问题，因为她自己也
喜欢呆在家里。A. delayed延迟；B. smiled微笑；C. hesitated犹豫不决；D. cheered欢呼。hesitate to do sth.
犹豫做某事，故选C。
7. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析和非谓语动词。句意：很多人第一次参加音乐会时会感到紧张，所以我推荐你
早点到大厅，这样会有充足的时间让自己舒服一些（适应环境）。空格1在句中作recommend的宾语，意
为“推荐做某事”，应用动名词形式；固定句型have enough time to do sth.意为“有足够的时间做某事”，
空格2应填不定式，reach后可直接接宾语，而arrive后需要与介词搭配再接宾语，故选D项。
8. D
【解析】试题分析：考查动词词组。A . 捡起；获得；收拾；偶然学会B. 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间,地
方) C. 组成；补足；化妆；编造 D. 出现；到来；发生；开大；发现；卷起；使仰卧。句意：经理有一些
重要的事情要做，他今天晚上不会出现在这里了。故选D。
考点：考查动词词组
9. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：许多由大学生创办的企业都得益于舒适的商业气候。.短语fall off跌落，
下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎；turn off关闭；leave off停止，中断；根据句意可知B正确。
10. B
【解析】考查动词短语。A. putting in提出，提交；B. taking in吸收，摄入；C. joining in参加；D. cutting in
插入，打断。句意：最古老的迪士尼主题公园每年接待超过1400万游客，收入近30亿美元。表示收入，
故选B.
11. C
【解析】试题分析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配charge sb some money for sth因为某物向某人要价…；句意：
宾馆对这个单人房间一晚上要价50美元。根据句意说明C正确。
考点：考查固定搭配
点评：在高中的学习近平时要多积累固定搭配的用法，考试时只能凭借记忆力来答题，尤其是单项选择很
难推出某个搭配的意思，所以平时的积累记忆是尤其重要的。
12. B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Painter先生想设计一种新的系统，在下大雨时来给他的花园里排水。
A. retreat撤退；B. drain排出；C. tremble发抖；D. shrink退缩。故选B。
13. D
【解析】试题分析：考察词语辨析。他对我们说谎称，那些放在桌子上的蛋是蛇产下的卵。Lie作动词是
躺和说谎，做名词是谎言。其现在分词是lying，过去分词是lain，过去式时是lay。但是lay本身也是一个
动词，有放置、产卵等意思，其过去式和过去分词都是laid，根据题意，第一空是说谎lied是谓语，句子
时态是一般过去式所以用过去式；第二空是躺，lying on the table是伴随状语强调伴随状态所以是现在分词
形式；最后一个空是被蛇产下的，是被动语态，所以用lay的过去分词。故选D
考点：考察词语辨析
14. A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：你看过那部关于一个老师帮助她的学生在车祸后恢复的电影吗?A. recover
恢复；B. recognize承认；认可；C. rescue营救；救援；D. realize实现；意识到。根据句意故选A。
15. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：是在他靠近门的时候，他才意识到门从外面被锁住了。A. approached
靠近；B. ignored忽视；C. judged判断；D. focused专注。根据语境可知，靠近门以后才发现被锁住的事实，
故选A项。
16. A
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们必须采取措施阻止工厂在废水净化前向河里倾倒废水。stop/ prevent
sb. /sth. (from) doing sth.（阻止某人／物做某事），from可以省略；keep sb. /sth. from doing（阻止某人／物
做某事）但是from不可省略，应用stop，pouring。故选A项。
17. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能一个人做这项工作吗？还是你想让别人来帮助你？A. affect影响；
B. approve赞成；C. assist帮助；D. arrange安排。or表示选择关系，结合前一个分句中的alone可知，此处
与前面形成对比，指“让人来帮助你”。故选C项。
18. A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：一些西方国家长期怀疑伊朗想要制造核弹，但是德黑兰（伊朗首都）称这
些材料只是民用的。A. suspected 推测，怀疑（某事是真的）；B. doubted 怀疑（某事是假的）；C.
wondered 想知道；D. convinced 深信。分析句子可知，西方国家怀疑伊朗用这些材料来制造核武器（这件
事是真的）。故选A项。
19. A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：成功只青睐有勇气和有决心的人。A. favors支持；赞成；B. requests要求；
C. reflects反射；D. instructs指导。根据句意，有勇气有决心的人会成功，成功青睐有勇气和有决心的人。
故选A。
20. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：目前的情况很复杂，所以我想我需要一些时间来了解它的现实。A.
make up编造；B. bring up教育；养育；C. figure out了解；解决；D. break through突破。根据句意故选
C。
21. A
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：他们很快就厌倦做同样的事情，最终放弃了此事，get tired of表示厌倦做
某事的意思，get along with 与…相处， get away from远离, get down to着手做，结合the same thing day
after day，得知厌倦，故本题选A。
22. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管他们从来没有见过面，但是他们一直通过邮件联系了许多年。
stay in touch with…“与……保持联系”和get in touch with…“与……取得联系”，短语中with是介词，后须
接宾语；keep in touch“保持联系”与get in touch“取得联系”不用加宾语，根据语境，故选C。
23. A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意： ——那个犯罪嫌疑人被定罪了吗？——是的，新的证据证明了第一个目
击证人的话。confirm“证明，证实”；claim“声称，认领”；declare“宣布，声明”；observe“观察，注意
到”。根据句意可知选A。
24. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因为女士们在楼下跳方块舞，他几乎无法集中精力做家庭作业。A.
settled for勉强接受，无奈同意；B. focused on专注于；C. intended for为……而准备；D. turned to向（某
人）求助。根据句意可知，句中指因为女士们在楼下跳方块舞，所以无法集中精力做家庭作业，“keep
focused on…”意为“集中精力做某事”，此时“focused”为形容词，意为“注意力集中的”。故选B项。
25. C
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：伟大的政策给我家乡的农业发展带来了惊人的连锁反应。A.come
across偶然遇见; B.turned around 转过身来;C.brought about带来了,导致； D.got through完成了。由此空后
文“amazing chain effects”可知，应是政策“带来了”惊人的连锁反应。故选C项。
26. C
【解析】考查时态、语态和动词词义辨析。句意：每年，数以百万计的游客和朝圣者被吸引到梵蒂冈城，主要是因为西斯廷教堂的天花板，米开朗基罗在1508年被指派绘制这座教堂的天花板。先看空格一，
“hook”意为“钩住，挂住”，动词词性，“attract”意为“吸引”，动词词性，根据句意可知，游客和朝圣
者被吸引到梵蒂冈城，“tourists and pilgrims”和“attract”为被动关系，句子为一般现在时的被动语态，故
空格一应用“attract”的过去分词“attracted”；再看空格二，句子为“which”引导的非限制性定语从句，根
据句中“in 1508”可知，从句陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“assign”意为“指派”，动词词性，
“Michelangelo”和“assign”为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，“Michelangelo”和“was”连用，
“assign”的过去分词为“assigned”，故空格二应填“was assigned”。故选C项。
27. C
【解析】考查动词、动词短语和介词用法辨析。句意：如果你上网冲浪，你可以搜索有关这个主题的各种
信息。search搜查，搜寻(搜寻的范围)； concern担心，忧虑；search for寻找；搜索(搜寻的内容)；
concerning关于，涉及。根据句意可知，第一空后“various information”是搜寻的内容，应用动词短语
search for；第二空后“ the topic”作后置定语修饰名词information，应用介词concerning构成介词短语，表
示“关于这个主题的……”。故选C项。
28. A
【解析】试题分析:句意：2011年台湾电影《那些年我们一起追过的女孩》受到大陆观众的好评，获得了很
大成功。A结果是；B辨认出，填写；C出去；D扑灭。根据句意可知后句指的是电影的放映结果，选
A。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
29. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——噢，解决这个问题对我来说太难了。——别担心。我们一起解决
它。A. justify证明......正确，为......辩护；B. criticize批判；C. deceive欺诈，误导；D. resolve解决。根据
“it's too difficult for me to work out the problem”可知，此处是指大家一起解决问题。故选D。
30. D
【解析】考查动词及形容词。句意：当我回想起自从加入无国界医生组织以来我在世界各地的经历时，我
觉得我很幸运能够帮助别人并做一些有价值的事情。think back to/look back on回想过去，回忆起；think
over仔细考虑；join意为“参加（某组织），加入（某处任职），参加到某个人群中去，从而成为其中一
员”；join in sth. / doing sth.意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或V-
ing；worthy/worthwhile有价值的，可以作表语、定语。根据选项分析可知，由第一空可排除B选项；根据
join与join in的区别可排除AC选项，第二空处意为“自从加入到医生群体中后”。故D选项正确。
31. B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：读书时，你不该碰到一个生词就去查词典。A. look up查阅；B. refer
to参考；C. look for寻找；D. turn out结果是。选项中仅有A项与B项可表示"查阅"，但look up所接的宾
语表示的是所要查的具体内容，与语境不符；refer to的宾语表示的是查阅过程中使用的工具书或资料，故
选B。
32. B
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：属于英国的四个国家在一些领域合作。A. tending to倾向于；B.
belonging to属于；C. heading to前往；D. responding to对...做出回复。分析句意可知，此处指的是这四个从
属于英国联合王国。故选B项。
33. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在冬天，许多女性喜欢将面霜涂抹在面部和颈部以保持湿润。根据
“the cream to their face and neck ”可知，apply表示“涂抹”的意思。故选C。
34. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她如此幸运，以至于在地震中幸存下来。A. survived幸存；B. sought
寻找；C. crashed撞击；D. destroyed毁灭。分析句子可知，句子为“so…that…”引导的结果状语从句，结
合句中“fortunate”可知，她应该是如此幸运，以至于在地震中幸存下来，“survive”意为“幸存”，动词词
性，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，“survive”的过去式为“survived”。故选A项。
35. A
【解析】这题考查固定词组：behave oneself“举止得体”，句意是：别宠坏孩子，难道你就不能叫他举止得
体些吗？选A。
36. B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：战争爆发时，她的朋友们来帮助她。A. stop停止；B. help帮助；C. warn
警告；D. rescue营救。由后文＂Anis who owned a restaurant agreed to hide some books.＂可知，她的朋友们
都过来帮助她转移书。故B选项正确。
37. B
【解析】B 考查动词短语。A. leading to导致；B. dying to 渴望；C. connected with 与……相关； D.
curious about好奇。句意：伦敦对于我来说是一个全新的世界，我正渴望找到更多关于它的东西。故选
B。
38. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. turned up调大；B. put up张贴；C. made up和好；D. showed up出现。
句意：兄弟俩昨晚为自行车的事大吵一架，但很快就和好了。根据but判断此处表示“和好”，故C项正确。
39. A
【解析】试题分析：句意：尽管这个戒指不是用真的钻石做成的，但是它的形状和设计依然吸引了许多年
轻的女孩。appeal to对……有吸引力；fit for适合；attend to处理；apply for申请，选A。
考点：考查词组辨析
40. A
【解析】人们广泛地认可，在过去三十年里中国转变成一个繁荣，先进的国家。transform转变；transfer转
移；transport运输；transmit传输。根据句意可知选A。
41. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们办公室的的邮件两天送一次。deliver递，送；design设计；
devote把…奉献（给）；declare宣布，宣告。根据题意，故选A。
42. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2008年北京奥运会上，当中国画卷在观众面前展开时，响起了雷鸣般
的欢呼声。A. struck撞击；B. dragged拖，拽；C. unfolded展开；D. poured倾倒。根据句中“Chinese-
painting scroll”可知，中国画卷应该是被展开，观众看到展开后的画卷，才会响起了雷鸣般的欢呼声，
“unfold”意为“展开”，动词词性，句中“Chinese-painting scroll”与“unfold”之间为被动关系，故句子为
一般过去时的被动语态，“unfold”的过去分词为“unfolded”。故选C项。
43. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着期末考试的临近，学生们开始忙于复习。A. draw in引诱；B.
drop out退出；C. draw near接近；D. drop in偶然(或顺便)走访，根据题意，故选C。
44. C
【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语。A.经历、通过 B.与---相处 C.克服 D.继续---。句意：从那以后，他知
道只要自己竭尽全力就能克服任何困难。故选C
考点：考查动词短语。
45. B
【解析】试题分析：考查词组用法。A镇压；记下B屈服；让步；交上C发生；开始；被提出D分发，公
布，发表；用尽。句意：Jenny一直叫我用自行车，我最终屈服了。故选B。
考点: 考查词组用法
46. C
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：据报道，警方将坚持调查两个失踪孩子的案件。A. look upon环顾；B. lookafter照顾；C. look into调查；D. look out当心。根据后文the case以及句意可知，此处表示警察调查案件，
故选C。
47. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个公司需要抛弃它过时的形象来推进它新发行的产品。A. Lay out
铺开，展开；布置，设计；解释；花费; B. call up唤起回忆，给…打电话，召集，征兆;C. shake off甩掉，
摆脱;D. give away 出卖，泄露，捐赠。故选C。
48. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。let go (of) 放开，松手；let down放下，降低，使失望；let alone更别提，不
干涉，更不用说；let off排放，免除。句意：令人难以置信的是那个小男孩设法到达了目的地，更别说开
车了。分析选项可知C是正确的。
49. C
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：由三名妇女和四名男子组成的评审委员会受到公众的欢迎。
The judging committee (评委会)与consist of （由....组成）逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词consisting
of。故C选项正确。
50. C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由舞蹈、音乐和哑剧组成的表演受到了观众的好评。表示“由……组
成”短语为consist of与be composed of，故排除B、D选项；performance与consist构成主动关系，故用现
在分词作定语，故选C。
51. B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他联系了我并告诉了我要来的会议的安排的事。A.organized组织；B.
contacted联系；C. challenged挑战；D. investigated调查。根据本句话的语境，“and”连接并列的谓语动词，
“告诉我”和“联系”逻辑上讲的通。故选B项。
52. B
【解析】A.pick up 捡起；获得B.set aside捡起；留出 C.put off 推迟；扔掉 D.give away放弃；泄露；分
发
句意：你最好留出一些钱为特殊用途。
考点：考查动词短语辨析。
53. D
【解析】试题分析：考查词组辨析：A. break up分手，解体B. make out辨认出，C. work out制定出D. pick
up恢复，好转，捡起，句意：整个2012年世界经济还是很差，人们希望在2013年会逐渐好转。选D。考点：考查词组
点评：英语中有很多不同的动词搭配相同的副词，介词的短语，要注意辨别，做题时结合句意选用最恰当
的一个。这里考查的pick up的含义很多。
54. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她似乎很温柔，但是当她被不公平对待的时候，因为生气，她勃然大
怒，这真是令人惊讶。A. explode勃然(大怒)；B. complain抱怨；C. differ不同于；区别于；D. bomb（爆炸
物）爆炸；根据“with anger”可知，她勃然大怒。故A项正确。
55. A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：村民们呼吁工厂停止污染这条河，终于成功了。A. appealed呼吁；B.
protested抗议；C. wanted想要；D. asked询问。根据后文“to the factories to stop polluting the river and it
worked in the end”指村民们呼吁工厂停止污染这条河，终于成功了，应用appeal to。故选A。
56. C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在辩论中，接纳你不信任的一方会鼓励你批判性思考。A. taking up占
据；B. take away带走；C. taking on呈现，接纳；D. take in 吸收，欺骗。C项符合语境。
57. B
【解析】考查词组辨析。make up，“编造”。 invent发明； put on穿上，上演； put up举起， 张贴，
建造。句意：我们都喜欢他是因为他经常编笑话讲笑话。分析句意可知是编造，故选B。
58. D
【解析】句意：当我走下拥挤的公共汽车，我发现我的口袋被扒窃了，有重要的文件的磁盘不见了。这里
考查find的复合结构。pick sb's pocket是固定用法，意为“扒窃，掏包儿”，又pocket与pick之间是被动
关系，故选择D。
59. D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那时，虽然我的祖父母赚不到多少钱，但他们给我父亲的生活带来了
很多变化。bring in引进，生产，赚钱；bring back拿回来，使……回忆起来；bring out出版，生产，使显
示；bring up提出，养育；bring down降低，打倒；bring about导致，引起。根据句意，第一空处涉及短语
bring in money，意为“赢得利润，挣钱”，作从句的谓语动词。第二空处涉及短语bring about changes，意
为“导致变化，带来变化”，作主句的谓语动词。陈述过去的动作用一般过去时态。故选D项。
60. D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：既然你无意冒犯，你应该仔细斟酌你的话。A.swallow吞下，咽下；
B.break打破；C.keep保持；D.weigh斟酌（字句）。根据“now that you meant no offence”可知，此处是指仔细斟酌用语。故选D。
二、
61. have been watered
【解析】考查动词，时态，语态和主谓一致。表示“浇水”应用动词water；根据句子意思“已经”可知，
这句话要用现在完成时，表示已经发生过的动作和对现在的影响；句子主语These flowers和动词water是
被动的关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动结构；主语These flowers表示复数意义，所以谓语动词用复数形
式。故填have been watered。
62. reminds through
【解析】考查动词时态、主谓一致和动词短语。根据句意可知，表示“提醒”用动词remind作谓语，因为
是一般现在的情况，所以用一般现在时，并且主语为单数，故第一空为reminds；表示“经历”用动词短语
“go through”，故第二空为through。故填reminds；through。
63. take for granted
【解析】考查短语。结合句意，空白处的内容为“视……为理所当然”，短语：take sth. for
granted,“视……为理所当然”为固定短语，结合句意，故填①take②for③granted。
64. take into account/ into consideration
【解析】考查固定短语。take sth. into account/consideration 表示“把……考虑在内”。will后的动词需要原
形。故第一空填take，第二空填into account/consideration。故填①take②into account/consideration。
65. comment on/upon your plan
【解析】考查动词短语。分析所给提示词和空处可知，本题有四个空，第一和第二空应填动词短语
comment on/upon意为“就（某人某事）发表看法”，空前是情态动词could，所以应用动词原形形式，第
三，第四空应填your plan意为“你的计划”。故填comment on/upon your plan。
66. dressed up relief
【解析】考查短语和时态。结合汉语提示，前两空的含义为“装扮”，短语：dress up穿着，打扮。根据
句中时态可知，用一般过去时。最后一空应为“送了一口气”，短语：in relief松了口气。结合句意，故填
①dressed ②up③ relief。
67. Regardless of the consequence（s） / result（s） / outcome（s）
【解析】考查动词短语和名词。动词短语regardless of“不管；不顾”，名词“后果”consequence（s） /
result（s） / outcome（s）。根据句意，故填Regardless of the consequence（s） / result（s） / outcome
（s）。
68. 失去信心【解析】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，lose heart“失去勇气；失去信心”。故填失去信心。
69. leave a good impression
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句子分析可知，and连接两个分句，ironed clothes为主语，would help为谓语
动词，me为宾语，“留下好印象”表达为leave a good impression，“帮助某人做某事”表达为help sb. (to)
do sth.，故填leave a good impression。
【点睛】
70. reduced by a third
【解析】考查分数表达和动词短语和语态。分析所给提示词和空处可知，表示“下降了”之意应用动词短
语reduce by，分析可知，它和主语production cost之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前已有be动词
was，所以应用过去分词reduced by，“三分之一”应译为a third。故填reduced by a third。
71. made it
【解析】考查动词短语。由was可知时态是一般过去时，主语为He，此处是谓语动词，根据句意“成功”
是make it，其过去式为made it。故填①made②it。
72. persuade him to give up smoking
【解析】考查固定搭配。表示“说服某人做某事”应用动词短语persuade sb. to do sth.；表示“戒烟”应用
固定搭配give up smoking。故填persuade；him；to；give；up；smoking。
73. dawned on is better than strengthened cooperation
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。由中文提示分析可知，表示“明白”应用动词短语dawn on，且时态应用
一般过去时；表示“更胜人一筹”应用短语 be better than，此处为直接引语，应用一般现在时；表示“加
强合作”应用动词短语strengthen cooperation，且在句型it is high time that中从句虚拟语气，从句应用一般
过去时。故填dawned；on；is；better；than；strengthened；cooperation。
74. earn/make living
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：为了谋生，一些人在唐人街开了商店和餐馆。根据句子结构分析可知，第
一个空需要使用动词原形与to构成不定式，第二个空需要使用名词。因为“谋生”英文表达为“make/earn
a living”。故填①earn/make；②living。
75. caught up in
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我沉浸在聚会的狂热中，几乎没有注意到五个小时已经过去了！根据句意
“沉浸”可知，需使用动词短语catch up，由于句子主语I与catch up是被动关系，因此需使用被动语态。
根据“在……的狂热中”可知，需使用介词短语in。故填①caught；②up；③in。
76. picking out keep free from/of【解析】考查动词时态，非谓语动词和短语。根据中英文提示，空①②缺少“挑出”的表达，用pick
out，作谓语，根据句意以及上文的is可知，用现在进行时，填picking out，空③④⑤缺少“让……免
受……”，用keep free from/of，根据句意，to是不定式符号，构成短语作目的状语，综上，故填
①picking②out③keep④free⑤from/ of。
77. arrange
【解析】考查动词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处为“安排”，为arrange，could为情态动词，其后跟动
词原形，故填arrange。
78. seek their fortune
【解析】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“谋出路”，是固定短语seek one's fortune，主
语300,000 people是复数，因此one's用their，to为不定式符号，因此空格处用动词原形，故填seek，
their，fortune。
79. contrasted strikingly with
【解析】考查一般过去时，动词短语，副词。根据句意“与……形成对比”可知，需使用动词短语contrast
with，句子描述的是过去的事，应用一般过去时，所以谓语动词appeared应用appeared，根据并列连词and
可知contrast也需使用一般过去时。“鲜明地”修饰动词contrast需使用副词strikingly，作状语。故填
①contrasted；②strikingly；③with。
80. use make of
【解析】考查固定短语。表示“利用，使用”短语为make use of，此处we can...the mobile phone为修饰名
词use的定语从句，省略了关系代词。故填①use；②make of。
81. bring to life
【解析】考查短语。分析中英文句子可知，空处缺少“使……恢复生机”的英文表达，译为：bring…back
to life，try one’ best to do固定短语，意思为：尽力做某事。故填：①bring；②to life。
82. are still being hunted and killed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。表示“捕猎”应用动词hunt；表示“杀害”应用动词kill；表示“仍
然”应用副词still。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查现在进行时的被动语态结构，主语是some of
them，指animals，所以be动词用are。故填are still being hunted and killed。
83. difficult to judge
【解析】考查固定句型。结合句意分析句子结构可知，sth+be+形容词+to do，意为“做某事是……的”，
为固定句型。设空处缺“难判断”，动词“判断”译为“judge”，设空处应填difficult to judge，主句主语
The economic results of the reforms是不定式动词to judge的逻辑宾语。故填difficult to judge。84. has been washed away
【解析】考查动词短语，时态，语态和主谓一致。表示“冲走”应用动词短语wash away；根据句子意思
“已经”可知，这句话要用现在完成时，表示已经完成的动作和对现在的影响；根据句子意思和结构可知，
这句话的主语The house和谓语动词wash是被动的关系，所以要用现在完成时的被动结构。主语The house
是单数名词，所以谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故填has been washed away。
85. takes part make sure
【解析】考查固定短语搭配和时态。观察句子结合句意可知，第一空所缺的是谓语动词，“参加”译为
“take part in”，根据句子中“she is excellent in all aspects”，谓语动词应用一般现在时，主语为“she”，所
以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“she”与“take”为主谓关系，用主动语态。“确保”译为“make sure”，
在句中用动词不定式的形式作目的状语。故①takes；②part；③make；④sure。
86. attend a lecture
【解析】考查动词短语。短语attend a lecture听讲座；本句中该短语的不定式修饰表示将来要发生的事情，
是将来时的表达方式之一。
87. that leads us to
【解析】考查动词短语，强调句型和主谓一致。表示“正是”应用强调句型It be+被强调部分+that/who+句
子，这句话被强调的部分是the Communist Party，指物，连词用that；表示“领导我们走向”应用动词短语
lead us to，这句话描述的是现在的事实，所以谓语用一般现在时，动词的发出者是the Communist Party，
所以谓语要用第三人称单数形式。故答案为that leads us to。
88. lead to
【解析】考查动词短语。空处应用短语lead to，表示“导致”之意，空前是will后接动词原形，表一般将
来时，所以空处应用动词原形形式。故填lead to。
89. Hearing that his son was not admitted to the ideal university.
【解析】考查动名词和宾语从句。表示“听说”用hear，用其现在分词形式置于句首作状语，后接that引
导的宾语从句；表示“他的儿子”用his son；表示“被理想的大学录取用”用短语admit to the ideal
university，his son与admit 之间是被动关系，故用被动态，根据“his heart sank”可知全句用一般过去时。
故本处填Hearing that his son was not admitted to the ideal university。
90. find these advanced experiments greatly challenging.
【解析】考查动词、名词、形容词和短语。表示“发现”应用动词find，“find+宾语+宾语补足语”为固
定结构，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形；表示“高阶实验”应用名词短语
advanced experiments，这里没有具体说明是哪一项实验，所以experiment要用复数形式experiments表示泛指的意义；表示“有挑战性”应用形容词challenging做宾补。故翻译为I find these advanced experiments
greatly challenging.
三、
1
91. excitement 92. the 93. what 94. on 95. arriving 96. but 97. sixth 98. was
founded 99. most outstanding 100. significant
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了诺贝尔文学奖获得者——Abdulrazak Gumah。
91. 考查名词。句意：获奖的消息在桑给巴尔岛引起了热烈的反响。根据空前介词“with”可知，空处应为
名词excitement作宾语，为不可数名词。故填excitement。
92. 考查冠词。句意：Gumah是《离别的记忆》、《朝圣者之路》等10部小说的作者。根据句意可知，
Gumah是10部小说的作者，应为特指。故填the。
93. 考查宾语从句。句意：他的许多作品探索了他所谓的“我们这个时代的故事之一”，即移民对人和他
们建立新家的地方的深刻影响。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导宾语从句的引导词，且在宾语从句中充
当宾语，表示“……的东西”，应用what来引导宾语从句。故填what。
94. 考查介词。句意：他的许多作品探索了他所谓的“我们这个时代的故事之一”，即移民对人和他们建
立新家的地方的深刻影响。固定搭配the influence on sth“对……的影响”。故填on。
95. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他说，他在抵达英国后“无意中”开始写作，作为一种探索移民经历的方式
——既失落又解放。根据空前介词“after”可知，空处应为动名词作宾语。故填arriving。
96. 考查连词。句意：Gumah的母语是斯瓦希里语，但他用英语写作。根据句意可知，前后为转折含义。
故填but。
97. 考查序数词。句意：他是第六位获得诺贝尔文学奖的非洲裔作家。根据空前定冠词“the”可知，空处应
为序数词。故填sixth。
98. 考查谓语动词。句意：自1901年成立以来，该奖项一直授予欧洲和北美的作家。分析句子成分可知，
空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语“in 1901”以及主语“it”可知，应为一般过去时，it和动词found是被动
关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，be动词应用was。故填was founded。
99. 考查形容词最高级。句意：他称Gumah是“世界上最杰出的后殖民作家之一”。固定用法one of +adj.-
最高级+可数名词复数。故填most outstanding。
100. 考查形容词。句意：他说，Gumah的根在桑给巴尔是很重要的，这个地方“在全球化之前很久就已经
国际化了”。根据空前的“was”可知，空处应为形容词作表语。故填significant。
2101. a 102. which 103. representatives 104. stretches 105. to 106. and 107. Various
108. freely 109. joining 110. to be completed
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了北京中轴线成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这将是中国2024
年申请项目的一部分。
101. 考查冠词。句意：北京中轴线又向前迈进了一步，成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这将是中国
2024年申请项目的一部分。空后 UNESCO World Heritage Site为名词，前面应该使用冠词，此处表示泛指，
同时UNESCO开头为辅音音素。故填a。
102. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，
修饰先行词site，为物。故填which。
103. 考查名词。句意：北京中轴线，被视为中国文明最重要的代表之一，指的是这个古都的核心区域，从
南的永定门到北的钟鼓楼，绵延7.8公里。设空处使用名词作宾语，根据句中的“one of the...”可知，此处
表示复数意义，representative意为“代表”。故填representatives。
104. 考查动词。句意：同上。分析句子，设空处使用动词作that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，句子表述客
观事实，故使用一般现在时，句子的主语为that，其指代的是先行词the city，为单数。故填stretches。
105. 考查固定短语。句意：同上。表示“从……到……”用from…to…。故填to。
106. 考查连词。句意：这个区域讲述了从元朝(1279-1368)到清朝(1644-1911)皇帝的故事，记录了名人和普
通人的生活。分析句子，设空处使用连词构成并列机构，将tells和records并列。故填and。
107. 考查形容词。句意：已经使用了各种方法来推进应用程序，包括数字技术。句中使用vary的形容词
various作定语，修饰名词methods，意为“各种各样的”。同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。故填
Various。
108. 考查副词。句意：例如，游客可以自由地穿越时空，在过去和现在之间穿梭，并通过新推出的移动应
用程序了解中轴线沿线的14个文化遗产。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语，修饰动词travel，freely意为
“自由地”。故填freely。
109. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在谈到这一决定时，国际古迹遗址理事会中国委员会副主席李洲告诉《环球
时报》，加入申请工作的成员感到时间紧迫，因为还有很多准备工作等待完成。分析句子，members与
join为主动关系，同时work为句子的谓语动词，故设空处使用现在分词作后置定语。故填joining。
110. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中preparations与complete之间是被动关系，同时根据句意，此处
表示将来，故设空处使用动词不定式的被动形式。故填to be completed。
3
111. to teach 112. sixth 113. as 114. where 115. borrowing 116. intended 117.Different 118. for 119. warning 120. be employed
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
111. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表
达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
112. 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世
纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
113. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有
价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
114. 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境
一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词
为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
115. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环
境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有
谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。
故填borrowing。
116. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for
打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
117. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from
与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
118. 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take
responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
119. 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根
据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
120. 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重
要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后
接动词原形。故填be employed。
4
121. forming 122. is crewed 123. who 124. fourth 125. Previously 126. with 127. the
128. users 129. arrival 130. Earlier
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了神舟16号发射升空的情况以及三名中国宇航员。121. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦进入轨道，飞船将进行快速自动交会，并停靠在天河核心模块的径向端
口，形成三个模块和三艘飞船的组合。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词，且为自然而然的结果。
故用doing形式作结果状语。故填forming。
122. 考查谓语动词。句意：神舟16号任务由三名中国宇航员组成。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动
词。且为客观描述，故应为一般现在时。照应主语“The Shenzhou-16 mission”，应为被动语态，为单数。
故填is crewed。
123. 考查连词。句意：景海鹏是第一个第四次进入太空的宇航员，他担任指挥官和飞船飞行员。分析句子
成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的连接代词，指代先行词“Jing Haipeng”，为人，且在从句中
充当主语。故填who。
124. 考查序数词。句意：景海鹏是第一个第四次进入太空的宇航员，他担任指挥官和飞船飞行员。根据句
意可知，应为序数词“第四”。故填fourth。
125. 考查副词。句意：此前，这位老兵曾参加过神舟七号、神舟九号和神舟十一号载人飞行任务，并在最
近两次任务中担任指挥官。应为副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填Previously。
126. 考查介词。句意：拥有博士学位的前大学教师朱洋柱扮演了太空飞行工程师的角色。分析句子成分可
知，空处应为词义为“有”的介词。故填with。
127. 考查冠词。句意：朱将成为首位进入中国空间站的飞行工程师。空后为序数词“first”，故空处应为定
冠词the。故填the。
128. 考查名词。句意：北京航空航天大学教授桂海超周一公布了中国首批戴眼镜宇航员的消息，震惊了众
多社交媒体用户。根据空前形容词“numerous”可知，空处应为名词复数。故填users。
129. 考查名词。句意：在他抵达后，空间站将迎来第一位有效载荷专家。根据空前形容词性物主代词
“his”可知，空处应为名词。故填arrival。
130. 考查副词。句意：本月早些时候，中国还向天宫发射了天舟6号货运飞船，为为期6个月的神舟16
号任务运送物资。根据句意可知，在神舟16号任务之前，中国还向天宫发射了天舟6号货运飞船。所以是
“更早时候”，故应为比较级。故填Earlier。
