01 人与社会--科学与技术
Passage 1
（2024高三上·全国·专题练习）
Natural disasters like earthquakes and storms can pull down buildings easily. It's difficult
for the search and rescue teams (搜救队) to find those who are trapped (陷于困境) in the fallen
buildings.
But an unlikely assistant, mice, is being trained up to help out. The project started by
Belgian APOPO, is planning to tie tiny, high-tech backpacks to mice to help search for survivors
(幸存者).
“Mice like to explore — and that is key for search and rescue.” said Donna Kean, a scientist
and leader of the project.“ Besides, their small size and excellent sense of smell make them perfect
for locating (定位) things in small spaces.”
The mice are being trained in a basic environment at present. They must first locate the
target (目标) person in an empty room, pull a switch that starts an alarm on their clothes, and then
return home, where they are given a treat.
For the next part of training, Kean said the team would create “disaster-similar areas”. Once
the mice are confident in these areas, the project will move to Turkey for further preparation in
more real environments. If that goes well, the mice would probably enter real- life situations.
The mice are still in the early progress of training. And APOPO is working with the
Eindhoven University of Technology to develop a backpack with a video camera, a two-way
microphone, and a locating tool to help communicate with survivors.
“Together with the backpack and the training, the mice are very useful for search and
rescue,” said Kean. “Even if our mice find just one survivor, we would be happy to know they
have made a difference somewhere.”
1．According to the passage, What’s the reason for mice to be chosen for search and rescue?
① Because their nature of exploring.
② Because their small sizes.
③ Because their ability to smell something.④ Because their perfect eyesight in the dark.
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④
2．Which paragraph tells how the mice are trained?
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Donna Kean is a survivor in an earthquake.
B．The mice are being trained in real-life situations.
C．APOPO scientists haven’t invented the high-tech backpack.
D．The mice are often given a treat before they complete the task.
4．What does Donna Kean think of the project?
A．Nervous. B．Interesting.
C．Hopeful. D．Impossible.
Passage 2
（23-24高三下·云南昆明·阶段练习）This can be fun: a TikTok account on which an
artificial Tom Cruise wearing a purple robe sings “Tiny Dancer” to (the real) Paris Hilton holding
a toy dog has attracted 5.1m followers. It is now possible to generate fake content with little more
than the click of a mouse. A profound change is happening in societies that have long regarded
images, video and audio as solid proof to prove that something is real.
The fundamental problem is an old one. From the printing press to the internet, new
technologies have made it easier to spread untruths or imitate the real. Typically, humans have
used shortcuts to discover foul play, for example, AI-generated images of people have often been
betrayed by their strangely behaved hands.
The trouble is that the fakes are rapidly getting harder to spot since AI is improving all the
time with computing power and training data becoming more abundant. Could AI-powered fake-
detection software, built into web browsers, identify computer-generated content? Sadly not.
Eventually AI models will probably be able to produce digital clones of a genuine recording of an
event.
Yet societies will also adapt to the fakers. People will learn that images, audio or video ofsomething do not prove that it happened. Online content will no longer prove itself, so who posted
something will become as important as what was posted. Assuming trustworthy sources can
continue to identify themselves securely via URLs, email addresses and social -media platforms,
reputation and origin will become more important than ever. The fact that people may soon
struggle to spot the invisible hand of AI does not mean the marketplace of ideas is bound to fall.
With time passing, the fakes that thrive will mostly be some funny ones.
5．What issue does the author present at the beginning?
A．Artificial performance is popular worldwide.
B．Fake content is easy to create at present time.
C．Great changes brought by AI are happening now.
D．Images, video and audio are solid proof to reality.
6．What do the underlined words “foul play” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Profound changes.
B．Diverse technologies.
C．Fundamental problems.
D．Untrustworthy contents.
7．Which factor is more significant for people to identify fakers?
A．Reliable sources.
B．Secure web browsers.
C．Hot social media platforms.
D．Powerful fake-detection softwares.
8．Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to human ideas?
A．Skeptical. B．Critical.
C．Dismissive. D．Positive.
Passage 3
（23-24高三下·四川成都·期末）If your partner gets down on one knee to propose, or
you get a call with the job offer, your reaction might be to shout it from the rooftops. But new
research suggests that keeping good news a secret before telling someone else could make people
feel more energized.“Decades of research on keeping secrets suggest it is bad for our well-being. However, this
work has only examined keeping secrets that have negative effects for our lives. Is secrecy bad for
our well-being or do the negative effects of keeping secrets tend to originate from keeping
negative secrets?” asked lead researcher of the latest research Michael Slepian, PhD, a professor
of business at Columbia University.
In the experiment, some participants were asked to reflect on the good news they kept
secret, while others reflected on good news that was not secret, and then rated how energized the
news made them feel and whether they intended to share the news with someone else. The
researchers found that the participants who reflected on their positive secrets reported feeling
more energized than the participants who thought about their good news that was not secret.
“The research gives subtle differences to our understanding of the science of secrets.
Negative secrets tend to deplete us and have also been linked to anxiety and depression. Positive
secrets, however, seem to have an energizing effect and make people alive. One factor could be
that people often have different motivations for keeping good news to themselves. Those with
positive secrets were much more likely to keep quiet for internal reasons, not because they felt any
outside pressures.
“People sometimes go to great lengths to plan revealing a positive secret to make it all the
more exciting. This kind of surprise can be extremely enjoyable, but surprise is the most
fleeting(短暂的)of our emotions,” Slepian said. “Having extra time—days, weeks or even longer
—to imagine the joy full surprise on another person's face allows us more time with this exciting
moment, even if only in our own minds.”
9．What did Michael Slepian think of the previous research on secrecy?
A．It's one-sided. B．It's pointless C．It's convincing. D．It's pioneering.
10．Why were some participants more energized in the experiment?
A．They were free from secrets. B．They were optimistic and cheerful.
C．They had shared good news with others D．They had unrevealed positive secrets
11．What does the underlined word “deplete” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Panic B．Exhaust. C．Confuse D．Spoil.
12．According to the last paragraph, what did Slepian suggest readers do?
A．Never reveal a secret casually B．Let your imagination run wild.C．Be creative when surprising others. D．Delay sharing a positive secret.
Passage 4
（2024·江苏盐城·三模）Experts assert that China must capitalize on its vast data
resources to cultivate new growth engines and broaden data application scenarios across sectors,
as data emerges as a pivotal production element, fueling the digital economy’s high-quality
development. Jiang Xiaojuan, head of the China Society of Industrial Economics, emphasized at a
recent conference that data influences societal resource allocation and economic operations. Given
China’s status as the world’s leading data producer, Jiang advocated for maximizing data’s
multiplier effects, enriching sector-specific applications, and enhancing public data utilization.
Peking University’s Huang Yiping stressed that data use is nascent, advocating for a structured
data trading framework, robust security measures, and privacy safeguards. China’s data output in
2023 reached 32.85 zettabytes, up 22.44 percent year on year, with core digital economy
industries contributing 10% to GDP, according to the National Data Administration (NDA). The
NDA plans to introduce eight guidelines addressing data property rights, circulation, revenue
distribution, security, and public & enterprise data development this year. Twelve key sectors,
including manufacturing and finance, will see expanded data application scenarios.
Industry insiders underscored the importance of classifying data resources, clarifying rights,
exploring pricing mechanisms, and enhancing data circulation and utilization. Ouyang Rihui, of
the Central University of Finance and Economics, noted that data elements are integral to
production, consumption, and social services, driving industrial upgrades. The fusion of data with
traditional industries boosts efficiency, optimizes resource allocation, fosters new business models,
and generates social value. Data’s commodity-like attributes enable market-driven allocation,
creating significant economic and social benefits.
In December 2022, China outlined 20 measures to construct foundational data systems and
unlock data’s full potential. These encompass data property rights, trading, revenue distribution,
and security governance. Globally, the digital economy thrives, with emerging businesses powered
by big data, cloud computing, and AI finding applications across sectors and merging with the real
economy. According to a report, the combined digital economy of the US, China, Germany, Japan,and South Korea surpassed $33 trillion, accounting for 60% of these nations’ GDP, marking an 8%
annual increase.
13．What is recognized as a new type of production factor that is crucial for the high-quality
development of the digital economy in China?
A．Renewable energy resources
B．Advanced manufacturing techniques
C．Data
D．Artificial intelligence algorithms
14．According to Jiang Xiaojuan, what role does data play in society?
A．It solely improves the efficiency of communication networks.
B．It is irrelevant to the economic and social operations.
C．It affects the allocation of social resources and the logic of economic and social
operations.
D．It decreases the importance of traditional industries.
15．What did the National Data Administration report about China’s data output in 2023?
A．It decreased by 5% compared to the previous year.
B．It reached 32.85 zettabytes, showing a 22.4% increase year-on-year.
C．It remained stable with no significant changes.
D．It was primarily concentrated in the technology sector.
16．What measures did China unveil in December 2022 concerning data?
A．Plans to reduce the overall data output to manage environmental impacts.
B．Guidelines to restrict the use of data in sensitive industries.
C．A ban on international data trading to protect domestic interests.
D．Twenty key measures to build foundational data systems and fully unleash the value of
data resources.
Passage 5
（2024·江苏盐城·三模）Over 30,000 metabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBS) were
conducted in China last year, reflecting both increased public awareness and a growing obesity
epidemic, according to Dr. Wang Bing, a chief surgeon at Shanghai No 9 People’s Hospital. Histeam, pioneers in weight-loss surgery since 2008, now performs approximately 300 surgeries
annually, up from a dozen initially. Patients often present with comorbidities such as high blood
pressure, diabetes, and sleep apnea, conditions exacerbated by obesity. MBS, which shrinks the
stomach and sometimes reroutes digestion, is deemed the most effective long-term weight
management solution, rarely leading to relapse.
Wang notes that Asians typically exhibit abdominal obesity, characterized by excess
visceral fat, a root cause of metabolic disorders. Compared to Japan and South Korea, China’s
obesity rate is notably higher. Post-surgery, patients often experience transformative hormonal
changes and improved brain signaling, contributing to significant metabolic improvements. MBS
is recommended for individuals with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over 32.5, or over 27.5 with two
metabolic diseases. Women, despite constituting 30% of the obese population, comprise 70% of
patients, highlighting gender differences in health-seeking behavior.
Despite its effectiveness, MBS remains underutilized, with only a fraction of eligible
patients opting for the procedure. Obesity, recognized as a disease by the WHO since 1948, affects
over half of China’s population, nearly doubling since 2002. Alarmingly, 20% of minors aged 6-17
and 10% under 6 are overweight or obese, attributed to lifestyle changes and dietary
westernization. A father-son duo from Shanghai, who underwent MBS a month ago, exemplify the
surgery’s benefits, reporting significant weight loss, improved sleep quality, and reduced
symptoms of sleep apnea, high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiac hypertrophy. Their ongoing
recovery underscores the importance of continued monitoring for metabolic disorder indicators.
17．What is the primary reason for the increase in metabolic and bariatric surgeries (MBS) in
China, according to Dr. Wang Bing?
A．The decline in traditional Chinese medicine practices
B．The rise in obesity rates and greater public awareness of MBS
C．The availability of new surgical technologies
D．Increased funding for healthcare facilities
18．Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with patients seeking MBS
in China?
A．High blood pressure
B．DiabetesC．Sleep apnea
D．Asthma
19．According to the article, what is a distinctive feature of obesity in Asians, particularly in
China, compared to other ethnic groups?
A．Asians tend to have less body fat but more muscle mass.
B．Asians primarily experience obesity in the form of abdominal obesity, characterized by
excess visceral fat.
C．Asians are less likely to suffer from obesity-related diseases.
D．Asians show a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) for the same level of obesity.
20．Why is MBS considered underutilized in China, despite its effectiveness?
A．Because the majority of the population prefers alternative medicine
B．Because of the high cost of the procedure
C．Because only a small percentage of eligible patients opt for the surgery
D．Because there is a lack of qualified surgeons to perform the procedure
