03高考单词C（教师版）_英语(2)_专项复习_2025年_十年（2015-2024）高考英语3500单词分字母汇编（高考真句+检测）

高考单词 C（解析版）
目录
高考单词C...................................................................................................................................................1
高考核心词汇与练习---C..........................................................................................................................75
class [klɑːs] n. 班级；课程；阶级；等级；
1. 【真句】I think I might sign up for the air-conditioning class myself. 【2023年四省联考】我想我可以自
己报名参加空调课了。
2. 【真句】In contrast to the court life and upper-class
culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer
Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect
the culture of grassroots Beijingers.【2023年1月浙江
卷】与以紫禁城、颐和园和天坛为代表的宫廷生活和
上层阶级文化相比，这些胡同反映了草根北京人的文化。
3. 【真句】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.
【2019全国3】在在线课程中，与讲师发展健康的交流模式是非常重要的。
4. 【真句】And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors（因素） like gender, race, and
class do not determine the appearance of genius. 【2021全国甲卷】我们看得越多，就越能看到性别、
种族和阶级等社会因素（因素）并不能决定天才的外表。
5. 【真句】 a world-class effective method【2020北京】一种世界级的有效方法
classify [ˈklæsɪfaɪ] v. 把……分类
【助记】学校把学生分为不同的群体，即“班级”。学校的每个“班级”都会“上课”。而把物的价
值分类，就是为这些事物分“等级”。把社会上的人分类，则表示“阶级，阶层”。而在飞机上会分
不同的等级的“座位”。（first / business/ economy class）.1. 【真句】Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls”.
【2014四川】研究发现20%的人可以被分类为夜猫子。
2. 【真句】There will still be lots of challenges if we are to
classified garbage in a short time.【2020江苏】如果我们
在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。
channel [ˈtʃæn(ə)l] n.频道；通道；水渠
【真句】People believe writing poems provides a channe l through which they can express their feelings.
【2020天津】 人们相信写诗提供了一个渠道，他们可以通过它来表达他们的感情。
【助记】体现了英语中C和Ch互换关系。
cell [sel] n.（监狱的）单人牢房；（修道院等的）单人小室；（蜂巢的）小蜂窝，蜂房；
［生物］ 细胞
【真句】the fat cell 【2020江苏】脂肪细胞
【真句】...cell phones can be turned off or telephone calls not answered.可以关掉手机或不接电话。cellar [ˈselə(r)] n. 地窖；地下储藏室
calculate[ˈkælkjuleɪt]计算；预测，预计
1. 【真句】To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts).【2023年1月浙江卷】要计算
你的速度，用3600（一小时的秒数）除以你走一英里所需的秒数（两个里程标之间的距离）。
2. 【真句】It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on
maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
【2022年6月全国乙卷】据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维修，包括派遣维修人员
（通常是在夜间）检查和修理铁路基础设施。
3. 【真句】It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared...【2021年1
月浙江卷】它的计算方法是用一个人的体重除以身高和米的平方。
4. 【真句】It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our
daily lives.【2021年1月8省联考】它是根据我们在日常生活中产生的
温室气体的量来计算的。
5. 【真句】They calculated that due to the global warming the forest is
producing 47 tons of wood each year. 【2015上海选词填空】他们预计由于全球变暖，森林每年产47吨
垃圾。
calculate的名词形式：calculation 计算
call [kɔːl] v. 名叫，叫作；把……叫作；喊，叫；打电话；n. 电话
1. 【真句】He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.【2023新高考1卷】他决定建造一
种后来被他称为生态机器的机器。
2. 【真句】It's a call she must handle alone...【2022年1月浙江卷】她必须独自处理这个电话...
3. 【真句】The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning...【2020年7月天津卷】这位女士每天
早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话。
4. 【真句】The earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.【2014江西阅读】地球被一层叫作大气的空气层所包围。
5. 【真句】Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.【2014安徽阅读】
雨林经常被叫作世界药店。
6. 【真句】Why does the man call the woman? 【2013安徽】为什么那位男士给
女士打电话。
短语：call A B把A称之为B
【真句】Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.【2014安徽阅读】雨林经常被叫作世界药店。
contrary [ˈkɒntrəri] adj. 相反的 n. 相反
【真句】And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order
large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.【2020年山东卷】与现有
的研究相反，你应该避免和体重较重的人一起吃饭，他们点的份很大，
你真正需要避免的是胃口大的豆杆。
【真句】Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the
contrary to our intention. 太急于帮助一个事件的发展，结果往往与我们
的初衷背道而驰。
【助记】country原义是“相对于他国而言的本国土地，即国家”。country→counter/contr- （=against
对立，相反）
【拓展】country [ˈkʌntrɪ] n. 国家；农村，乡下 （古希腊时代，相对于城市而言，城市的对立面就
是乡村，（广大的）国土。）
countryside [ˈkʌntrɪsaɪd] n. 乡下，农村
calm [kɑ:m] adj. (人)镇静的；（地点、时期，局势）稳定的，平静的；（水面）平静的v. （使）平静，（使）镇定
1. 【真句】The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.【2020.7天津】那低沉而温柔的声音使这个
紧张的女孩平静了下来。
2. 【真句】And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. 【2020.7天津】群众渴望的只是平静和
安宁的普通人。
3. 【真句】 In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof that contact with
animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and has been shown to lower
heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.【2017.06 上海
卷】近年来，科学家终于开始找到证据，证明与动物接触可以增加病人存活的机
会，并已被证明可以降低心率，平息不安的孩子，并让人们开始交谈。
4. 【真句】Happy and calm is the man who takes all these possibilities into
consideration and arrives at the appointment either early or on time.【2015陕西阅
读】那些考虑到这些责任并且在约会时准时或提前到达的人是开心与镇静的。
5. 【真句】He enjoyed the beauty of the calm sea.【2015湖北阅读】他很喜欢美丽的平静的大海。
6. 【真句】One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension.【2014
重庆阅读】有一段时间森林非常平静，接着空气中充满了紧张的氛围。
7. 【真句】She calmed me.【2013四川完形】她让我平静下来。
短语：calm down （使）平静；（使）镇定
camel [ˈkæml] n. 骆驼
camera [ˈkæmərə] n. 照相机；摄像机
1. 【真句】...I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.【2020年7月浙江卷】我喜欢它是通过
一个长焦镜头的相机。
2. 【真句】Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would
eventually take, I grew frustrated.【2017天津】我很有耐心，大约15分钟后，我的相机扫视着太阳，回
顾着我最终要拍的照片。3. 【真句】The next time, I had my camera ready to record what you see here, one of several dozen such
pictures. 【2015四川卷】下次，我准备好用相机记录你在这里看到的，几十张这样的照片中的一张。
camp [kæmp] n.营地 v.露营
1. 【真句】During the war, my husband was stationed at an
army camp in a desert in California.【2016浙江完形】在战
争期间，我的丈夫驻扎在加利福尼亚的一个沙漠的军营里
面。
2. 【真句】Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to
guaranteeing a good night’s sleep.【2014北京阅读】找到好的地点去露营是保证晚上好的睡眠的第一步。
campaign [kæmˈpeɪn] n. 活动；运动
1. 【真句】It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away
from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.
【2023全国乙卷】多亏了这些电视厨师，而不是任何广告宣传，英国人正在远离一荤两素和现成的饭
菜，在烹饪习惯上变得更有冒险精神。
2. 【真句】Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children
one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. 【2019全国1卷】有一天，沃
利要求孩子们举手，如果他们认为自己永远不可能成为总统的话，
他就想到了这个二级总统竞选项目。
3. 【真句】Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to raise
money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by
yesterday had received £8,000.【2018北京卷】现在，安德森在网
上发起了一个为史密斯和该地区其他无家可归的人筹款的活动，
截至昨天，他已经收到了8000英镑的捐款。
4. 【真句】The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry.【2013山东
阅读】活动本身改变了快餐行业的传统广告风格。
5. 【真句】A public-health campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 percent over
the past three decades.【2013湖北 阅读】公共健康运动在过去的3年将心脏疾病的死亡率减少了
80%。campus [ˈkæmpəs] n. 校园，校区
1. 【真句】Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including
freshmen orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.【2021.6天津卷】大
多数大学会在学年正式开始前举办欢迎活动，包括新生迎新会、校园野餐和音乐会等娱乐活动。
2. 【真句】When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes actually begin.
【2021.6天津卷】上大学时，大多数学生喜欢在正式上课前在校园里呆上一周。
3. 【真句】Campus Security is available to assist 24 hours, 7 days a week. If you see anything suspicious,
please call Campus Security on 0800863800.【2019天津】校园保安每周7天、每天24小时提供协助。
如发现可疑情况，请拨打校园保安电话0800863800。
4. 【真句】As a first-year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed.作为一个大一
新生，我害怕对我注意到的校园问题发出任何声音。
can [kæn] n. 能够；可能 n. 罐
【真句】You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. 【2023新高考1卷】你也可以
沿着阿姆斯特丹郊外美丽的风景骑车。
【真句】You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.【2023 新高考 1 卷】你可以在
MacBike商店买票，也可以在网上订票。
canal [kəˈnæl] n. 运河
cancer [ˈkænsər] n. 癌
conventional [kənˈvenʃənəl] adj. 传统的 （走到一起→大家都走的→传统的）【助记】con-一起， vent-走。共同走到一起→“大”会，“大会”必然制定“公约”，“公约”必
然会成为行事的“惯例、习俗”。
【 真 句 】 Conventional air pollution
monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at
about nine feet in the air. 【2020 北京】传
统的空气污染监测器通常安装在约9英尺
高的路灯柱上。
【真句】...a small aircraft uses ＄400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight.【2020天津】 一架小
型飞机在100英里飞行中使用400$常规燃料。
cancel [ˈkænsəl] vt. 取消
【真句】When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more
accurate estimate. 【2023新高考1卷】当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时，它们就会相互抵消，从
而得到更准确的估计。
【真句】The two sets of waves cancel each other out.【2020.7天津】这两组波相互抵消。
candidate [ˈkændɪdət] n. 候选人，申请人
There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
【2015湖北】毫无疑问该候选人的优势在于他用英语与外国人交流的能力。
Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.【2014陕西】请发送你
有的关于该岗位的申请人的信息。
同义词：applicant 申请人
candle [ˈkændəl] n. 蜡烛
candy [ˈkændɪ] n. 糖果canteen [kænˈtiːn] n. 餐厅；食堂
cap [kæp] n.帽子；盖；笔套
capital [ˈkæpɪtəl] n.首都，省会；资本，资金
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. 【2015江
苏阅读】中国希望其他国家用自然资源付款而不是进行资本投资。
capsule [ˈkæpsjuːl] n. 胶囊；太空舱
captain [ˈkæptɪn] n.上校；船长；队长
caption [ˈkæpʃn] n.说明文字car [kɑːr] n. 汽车
carbon [ˈkɑːbən] n. 碳
We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment...【2024年6月新课标全
国Ⅱ卷】我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。。。
card [kɑːd] n.卡片；纸牌
care [keə] n. 照顾，照料；保养，护理；小心，谨慎； v. 在乎
【真句】Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the
children at times.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】她的丈夫打两份工来支付账单，她68岁的母亲
有时帮助照顾孩子。
【真句】...they could work the farm, take care of the herd, run errands...【2019.6上海】他们可以在农场干
活，照顾牧群，跑腿...
【真句】The chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.【2015广东完形】
由于更好的饮食和健康护理，长寿的可能性更高了。
短语: care about v. 在乎，关心
They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.【2014重庆阅读】他们回收垃圾是因
为他们在乎环境。
care for 照顾，照料；
【真句】...they could care for children younger than themselves...【2019.06上海】..他们可以照顾比他们
自己还小的孩子...
I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for grandma.【2015天津阅读】我做出了辍学照顾祖母
的决定
take care 保重；小心
Why is there the need to take care when you are doing the experiment? 【2014江西阅读】为什么当你做实
验的时候你要小心？take care of 照看；处理
【真句】You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.【2020.7
浙江】你必须组织孩子们的活动，并照顾账单和杂货。
【真句】Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the
amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.【2015年安徽完形】也许修理我们的财物和改变我们
的消费习惯是减少垃圾数量和照看环境的最好方式。
【真句】While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.【2015全国一
完形】当处理他的伤口的时候，我问他是否有另一个医生的预约。
care的三个形容词：careful; careless; caring
caring [ˈkeərɪŋ] adj. 关心他人的
She was a very caring mother.【2016四川语法填空】她是一个非常有爱心的妈妈。
careless [ˈkeəlɪs] adj. 粗心的，不小心的；随意的，漫不经心的
Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.【2015湖北阅读】粗心的治疗会导致很大的痛苦。
She is careless about her appearance.【2015天津阅读】她不在乎她的外貌。
component [kəmˈpəʊnənt] n. 零件，组成部分
【真句】Its basic components are used as fertilizer, and so will enrich the soil.【2012湖南】他的基本成
分被用作肥料并且将会使土壤肥沃。
【2020天津】 the electric component电气零部件
careful [ˈkeəfʊl] adj. 小心的，谨慎的;细心的
【真句】 It is important to take careful notes during class.【2022年6月新高考1卷】上课时仔细记笔记
是很重要的。
【真句】Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.【2014北京阅读】要尤其警惕
广告里面的信息。
【真句】The worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture.【2015安徽阅读】
全世界水的供应需要细心的管理，尤其在农业方面
用法：be careful with/of/about 小心……
【真句】You must be careful with the camera. It costs! 【2015年四川】拿相机要小心点，它很贵的！
career [kəˈrɪə] n. 职业
【真句】That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make
a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.【2021年6月浙江卷】那部
电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半期，他的喜剧表演本身就可以使一部电影在经济上取得成功，即使影
评人对它的评价并不高。
【真句】The mother is successful in her career.【2015天津阅读】这位母亲在她的职业中非常成功。
carpenter [ˈkɑːpɪntə] n.木匠
carpet [ˈkɑːpɪt] n. 地毯
carriage [ˈkærɪdʒ] n. 四轮马车;（火车）客车厢
carrot [ˈkærət] n.胡萝卜
carry [ˈkærɪ] v. 提，拿，搬，送；携带；写有，印有；具有（某种特质）；刊登，报道
【真句】Please carry your card with you at all times.【2020.5天津】请随时随身携带您的卡。
【真句】As usually I helped him carry his bags into his study.【2015年陕西完形】和往常一样我把他的
包送到他的书房。
【真句】Letters to the editor must carry the writer’s full name, address and telephone number, although the
information is not necessary for publication.【2014江西阅读】给编辑的信必须带有作者的全名、地址和
电话，尽管这些对与出版并不要紧。【真句】A major French newspaper carried an article announcing the death of Alfred Nobel.【2014广东完
形】 一份法国的主要报纸刊登了一篇宣布Alfred Nobel死亡的文章。
carry的名词: carrier n. 搬运者；媒介
短语：carry out 实施（含有此意的词有：perform, conduct）
【真句】The research should be carried out in kindergartens.【2014山东阅读】该研究应该在幼儿园实施。
carry on （with） 继续，继续走
【真句】The bad habit will carry on throughout their lives.【2012安徽阅读】这个坏习惯将贯穿他们一生。
carry over 继续下去
【真句】This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.【2015全国一七选
五】这一知识在他们未来关系的态度得以延续。
carry的名词：carrier 搬运者；搬运工具
cartoon [kɑːˈtuːn] n. 动画片，卡通
I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends.【2024年6月北京卷】我让我的线条画变成漫画，
然后发给朋友们。
carve [kɑːv] vt.刻，雕刻
case [keɪs] n. 情况；案例；箱子；病例
【真句】It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.【2014江西】据报道，警察将很快调查两个儿童失踪的案例。
【真句】He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in strange city.【2014全国一
阅读】他将他的情况告诉了警方然后坐在那儿，感到孤单迷茫。
【真句】On his way out, Broad's glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old
newspapers.【2014湖南阅读】在他出去的路上，他碰巧注意到了陈列旧报纸的展览箱
【真句】There has been a drop in new AIDS cases in wealthy nations.【2012湖北阅读】发达国家的艾滋
病例已经减少了。
短语：in … case 在……情况下
【真句】Some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases
the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.【2015北京阅读】一些铁路部分开
发了，但是其他的部分却没有被开发，但是在这两种情况里土地所有权都给土地管理带来了挑战。
in case of（后面加名词）万一
【真句】Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and
they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in
case of emergencies. 【2021年6月全国乙卷】在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的
人承认没有必要使用固定电话他们把它当作安全毯，19%的人说他们从来不使用它，而另有13%的人
保留它以备不时之需。
in case(后面加句子) 以防，万一
【真句】The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.【2014江西阅读】游
客也许会朝野兽开火以防自己受到攻击。
be the case真的
【真句】It is often the case that anything is possible for those
who hang on to hope.【2016江苏】，这是真的-----对于那
些坚持希望的人来说任何事情都是可能的。cash [kæʃ] n. 现金；钱，资金
【真句】Would you like the opportunity to earn extra cash close to home? 【2021.3天津卷】你想有机会
在家附近赚点现金吗？
【真句】To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said, “buy yourself new
hamburgers”.【2013陕西完形】令我们惊讶的是，他只是朝我们笑一笑，给了我们一些钱并且说道让
我们去买些汉堡。
cast [kɑːst] 投射（光或影），扔，抛，撒
【真句】The data also cast doubt on the idea that the LED lighting revolution will lead to energy cost
savings.【2019.6上海】这些数据也让人们对LED照明革命将带来能源成本节约的观点产生了怀疑。
cast a look/glance at sb. /sth. 看/瞅……一眼
Again she cast a look toward the window.【2015浙江阅读】她再次瞅了一眼窗户。
cast a shadow/cloud over sth 给某事投下了一层阴影
The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life.【2015山东阅读】书的第二部
分主要关注给他生活投下阴影的黑暗力量。
castle [ˈkæsl] n. 城堡
casual [ˈkæʒʊəl] adj. 随意的，漫不经心的；非正式的
【真句】Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a
seventeen-year-old girl.【2020.7天津】向总统求情可不是一件随便的事，尤其是对一个十七岁的女孩
来说。
【真句】To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual
way.【2015上海阅读】为了可以让信息自由流动，他们不得不以漫不经心的方式进行交流。
短语：casual clothes 休闲服
同义词：informal adj. 非正式的
反义词：formal adj. 正式的cat [kæt] n. 猫 
catalogue ['kætəlɔg] n. 目录
catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfɪ] n. 灾难
catch [kætʃ] v. 抓住；捕捉；感染上（疾病）；卡住，夹住；赶上
【真句】Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch
night when she was young.【2019江苏】他的女儿梅丽莎觉得保存他的音乐是非常值得的，因为她年轻
的时候就在音乐中睡着了。
【真句】People quickly caught on.【2019浙江】人们很快就流行起来了。
【真句】Agreement was reached, and the children were sent into the fields to catch frogs.【2015辽宁阅
读】
协议达成了，孩子们被送到田野里面抓青蛙。
短语：catch up with 追上，赶上
【真句】He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.【2015江西阅读】他估计蜜蜂很快就会
赶上他了。
be caught in 陷入/处于（不好的情况）（此时等同于be stuck in）
【真句】Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was due to his dream of being caught in a
rainstorm.【2015江苏阅读】Tommy Lee发明了这个不以破的伞是由于梦见自己陷入暴风雨之中。
catch sb doing sth. 撞见，看见
【真句】At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a
man. 【2012浙江阅读】 13岁时，警察撞见他行窃；18岁时因杀人入狱。be/get caught up in sth 陷入/卷入（不好的事情）
【真句】Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a
compassionate response? 【2020年7月全国1卷】与其纠结于如何做得更好，为什么不给自己一个富
有同情心的回应呢？
【真句】Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.【2013北京阅读】Grace 在它
幼小的时候失去了尾巴，当时他陷入了渔网。
catch on 流行；明白，意识到
【真句】The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new
book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.” 【2016全国三阅读】一篇文章越积极它就越有可能被分享，
正如Berger博士在他的新书《富有感染力— 事情流行的原因》所描述的。
catch one’s eye吸引某人的眼球
【真句】A piece of news caught my eye.【2013天津阅读】一条新闻吸引了我的眼球
catch fire着火
【真句】The basement caught fire
by accident.【2014天津阅读】 地
下室意外起火了。
category [ˈkætɪɡərɪ] n. 种类
【真句】That is the reason why I recommend another category of books.【2014浙江阅读】那就是我为什
么推荐另一本书。
同义词：sort, kind, type
cater [ˈkeɪtə] v.
用法：cater for 满足……的需要
【真句】Children are well catered for with apple- themed fun and games.【2016全国三阅读】以苹果为主题的有趣的游戏可以很好地满足孩子们的需要。
catholic[ˈkæθəlɪk] adj. 天主教的
cathedral [kəˈθiːdrəl] n. 大教堂
cattle [ˈkætəl] n. 牛（总称名词）
【真句】That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition
purposes. 【2021年6月新高考二卷】这样，养牛人就可以知道他们是否需要将牛移到另一个田地以
获得营养。
【真句】Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat,
but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.【2021年6月新高考二卷】机器已经在很大
程度上接管了玉米和小麦等作物的种植、灌溉和收获，但对牛的监控却没有什么变化。
cause [kɔːz] v.引起，导致；n. 原因；事业
【真句】Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been
rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the
water supply available to trees during the dry season.【2019浙江】麦金太尔说，自20世纪30年代以来，
导致该州水分压力上升的最大因素是气温上升，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及积雪融化
的提前，这减少了干旱季节树木可用的水供应。
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning.【2015广东阅读】一些化学物质有时也会导致食物中毒。
【真句】Jim was rushed back to operation, but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness.【2012
四川阅读】吉姆立刻被送往医院，但是无法解释他生病的原因。
含有“引起，导致”之意的单词或短语：lead to, result in, contribute to, bring about
cautious [ˈkɔ:ʃəs] adj. 谨慎的，小心的
用法：be cautious about 对……小心/谨慎【真句】Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and
is optimistic about where they are headed.【2021.6天津卷】莫汉对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些
数字生物背后的目的，并对它们的发展方向持乐观态度。
cautious 的名词形式caution 谨慎,小心
curious [ˈkjʊəriəs] adj. 好奇的；奇怪的
【真句】Like Galileo, all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, "Why? Why?
Why? "【2020.7天津】像伽利略一样，历史上所有伟大的名字都是奇怪的，不满的问，“为什么？为
什么？为什么？ ”
He came to a stop and looked curiously up.【2015江西阅读】 他停了下来并且好奇得向上看。
用法：be curious about 对……好奇
【真句】Though he never made it to the top, his math teacher was always amazed and curious about the
change.【2013重庆完形】尽管他从来没有成为第一，他的数学老师还是很惊讶，并且对他的变化感
到很好奇。
curious 的名词形式curiosity好奇，好奇心
cave [keɪv] n. 洞，穴；地窖
CD n. 光盘
ceiling [ˈsiːlɪŋ] n. 天花板
celebrate [ˈselɪbreɪt] v. 庆祝；赞美，赞扬
【真句】Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak
house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her
Ph. D. degree.【2013湖南阅读】之后她邀请我到那个地区唯一
的一个牛排屋去庆祝她的成功，好像她已经获得了博士学位。
Armstrong was celebrated and loved wherever he went.【2012陕西阅读】无论Armstrong去哪儿他都会得到人们的赞扬和爱。
celebrate的名词：celebration 庆祝；赞美，赞扬
...part of year-long celebrations recognizing Yellowstone's 150th anniversary... 【2024年1月九省联考】...
作为庆祝黄石公园150周年纪念的一部分，持续一整年的庆祝活动...
celebrity [səˈlebrəti] n. 名人
【真句】Celebrity has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture.【2013湖南阅
读】
名人已经成为流行文化最重要的代表之一。
celebrity的形容词形式：celebrated [ˈselɪbreɪtɪd] adj. 著名的
【真句】internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival【2015全国二阅读】世界著名的剑桥电影节
cell [sel] n.细胞；牢房；小房间
cellar [ˈselə] n. 地窖；地下储藏室
cent [sent] n. 美分
centigrade [ˈsentɪɡreɪd] adj. 摄氏的
centimetre ['sentiˌmi:tə] n.厘米
center ['sentə] n. 中心
【真句】Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated.【2019.1上海】黎巴嫩
冰河中心需要进行评估。
center/centre的形容词：central [ˈsentrəl] 中心的【真句】Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate
located in the ice center booth.【2019.1上海】在完成评估后，建议您与位于冰中心展位的同事一起注册
课程。
century [ˈsentʃərɪ] n. 世纪
ceremony [ˈserɪmənɪ] n. 典礼，仪式
【真句】Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set
off on their life journey.【2013安徽】传统上在开始人生旅途之前，大学生们都会举办毕业典礼鼓励自
己。
certain [ˈsɜːt(ə)n] adj. （certain+名词）某个，某些；（系动词+certain）确定，肯定
【真句】But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】但法伯确信他将
会笑到最后。
【真句】This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of
it.【2021年6月新高考二卷】这将帮助你决定你是否真的需要阅读整本书或只是其中的某些部分。
【真句】Maybe you say "go, " or turn on a certain song, or whatever.【2021年6月全国甲卷】也许你会说
“走”，或者打开某首歌，或者其他什么。
【真句】I was certain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn’t care about me.【2014重庆阅
读】 我确定我的经纪人不在乎我的工作，并且他也不在乎我。
短语：for certain(此时等于for sure)确定，肯定
One thing is for certain.【2016全国一完形】有一件事情是肯定的。
同义词：sure adj. 确定的，肯定的
certainly [ˈsɜːtənlɪ] adv. 肯定，当然
【真句】If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox.【2021年6
月全国乙卷】如果你不能把他们的酒带走，你当然应该设法带走他们的肥皂盒。
同义词：surely adv. 肯定，当然certificate [səˈtɪfɪkət] n. 证明，证明书
【真句】Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.
【2021年6月北京卷】医疗证明：你必须提供一张证明你适合工作的医疗证明。
chain [tʃeɪn] n. 链；连锁
chair [tʃeə] n. 椅子
chairman [ˈtʃeəmən] n. 主席
chairwoman [ˈtʃeəwumən] n. 女主席
chalk [tʃɔːk] n. 粉笔
challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] n. v. 挑战
This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the
forthcoming AI revolution (变革). 【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜
的新书是应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来挑战的实用路线图。
【真句】He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few
year he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the
corner.【2021.6浙江卷】他很高兴能出演他一直觉得自己应该演的喜剧，但即使在他生命的最后几年，
他也总是有一种好奇心，想知道有什么新的角色或挑战即将到来。
【真句】Of course, there are some technical challenges to overcome.【2015江苏阅读】当然有些技术上的
挑战需要克服。
【真句】Then I kept practicing until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.【2013浙江阅读】然后我不断的练习直到我变得足够自信去向好的选手发出挑战。
challenge的形容词形式：challenging
challenging [ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ] adj. 有挑战性的
【真句】Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills
might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
【2020.7浙江】周三发表在《神经学》杂志上的一项研究表明，具有挑战性的工作需要大量的分析思
考、计划和其他管理技能，这可能有助于你的大脑在年龄增长时保持敏锐。
【真句】And they tended to lose cognitive（认知） function at a much slower rate than those with the least
mentally challenging jobs.【2020.7浙江】他们往往会失去认知能力 比起那些从事最不具精神挑战性工
作的人，他们的工作效率要慢得多。
champion [ˈtʃæmpɪən] n. 冠军
chance [tʃæns] 机会；可能性
【真句】It's a chance for self-reflection【2019全国2】这是一个自我反思的机会。
【真句】As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success.
【2014北京阅读】只要你能直接控制你的目标，你就更有可能成功。
【真句】Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others! 【2014四川阅读】不要错过帮
助别人的好机会。
短语：by chance 偶然，碰巧
【真句】Whether it was by chance or by design, there were almost exactly 150 people in the TV station.
【2015上海阅读】无论是偶然的还是故意的，电视台里面刚好150人。
同义词：by accident; accidentally; coincidentally; unintentionally 偶然地
反义词：on purpose; by design; deliberately; intentionally 故意地
change [tʃeɪndʒ] v. 改变；换（衣服）；换乘（车辆） n. 改变；零钱
【真句】But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.【2019全国3】但发生在19世纪30年代的革命将会改变这一切。
【真句】Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to
change the tradition.【2019全国3】已经在商业中的出版商，那些成功报纸的所有者，几乎没有改变传
统的愿望。
【真句】The three boys were fed, bathed and changed into their nightclothes.【2015江西完形】这三个小
孩吃完饭、洗完澡之后被换上了衣服。
【真句】Now I donate any change I have to charity and enjoy the feeling of giving.【2015陕西完形】现在
我只要有零钱便会捐给慈善机构，并且享受给予的感觉
短语：change one’s mind 改变主意
His wife changed her mind.【2013四川阅读】他的妻子改变了主意。
change sth. from A to B 转换，转变
He changed his major from medicine to education.【2012全国一阅读】他将专业从医学转变为教育学。
change A into B 把A变为B
One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art.【2015全国二阅读】这些被涂鸦覆盖
的墙被一个接一个的变为室外艺术。
change的形容词changeable
changeable [ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl] adj. 易变的，可变的
The weather in the UK is changeable in summer.【2012上海阅读】英国夏日的天气是易变的。
channel[ˈtʃænəl] n.频道；渠，海峡；v. 把（钱或精力等）导向（某一特定目的），引导
There has been a great increase in TV channel s in the past few years.【2015江西回答问题】在过去的几年
中电视频道大量增加了。
the English Channel 英吉利海峡
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending onour decisions.【2014重庆阅读】科学即可以为邪恶服务也为正义服务，它的应用是好还是坏完全取决
于我们的决定。
chant [tʃɑːnt] v. n. 唱
chapter [ˈtʃæptə] n. 章
chaos [ˈkeɪɔs] n. 混乱，杂乱
When she walked in to the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in the far corner, yet the rest of the
class seemed not to notice them.【2015广东写作任务】当她走进班里的时候教室非常混乱：两个男孩在
远处的角落里打架，然而其他同学似乎并没有注意到。
character [ˈkærɪktə] n. 性格；（作品中的）人物，角色；特点；品格
I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters...【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】
我想要的是适合角色的字符和结局……
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful.【2015天津阅读】在技能和性格发
展的早期，模仿是有用的。
More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim.【2013江苏阅读】最近由于吉姆这
一角色，小说受到了批判。
The character of the town is well preserved.【2013江苏】城镇的特点被很好地保存了下来。
If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.
【2015天津阅读】如果你要模仿某人，得注重他们的才能，而不是不好的品格或不可接受的行为。
characteristic [kærɪktəˈrɪstɪk] n. 特征；adj. 典型的，独特的
The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic determining comfort.【2015安徽完形】 钢笔
的厚度是决定舒适度的最重要特征。
My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I could be doing what I had wanted to
do since I was fourteen—teaching English.【2013浙江阅读】只有当我提醒自己我可以坐我14岁以来所
喜欢做的事情——教英语，我那独特的乐观精神又活跃起来了。注意：characteristic作为“特点”是可数名词，character作“特点”是不可数名词
charge [tʃɑːdʒ]v. 收费，要价；指控；充电（又作charge up）；攻击 n. 费用；指控；
电量
How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?【2014湖南阅读】电池给iPhone充电要多长时
间？
When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second. 【2006
安徽卷阅读】当狮子等在水坑旁边准备攻击的时候，他们会耐心地等待并且在任何一秒都有可能攻击。
Most kindergarten charges are at least $5,000 a year.【2013安徽阅读】大多数幼儿园每年的费用至少
5000美元。
She was arrested on a charge of murder/a murder charge.【高考真句】她以谋杀罪被捕
Richard Solo 1800 is largest in its class and holds its charge for months.【2014湖南阅读】
Richard Solo 1800在同种类当中是最大的，并且电量可以维持几个月。
用法：charge…for… 收费，要价
I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass.【2014四川阅读】对于我帮助他们
通过的每一场考试我会收取3美元。
charge sb with sth 指控某人某事
Foreign drivers are rarely charged with breaking the traffic law because police cannot take action against them
if they fail to appear in court.【2014福建阅读】国外的驾车人员很少被指控违背交通法，因为如果他们
不能出庭的话警方就不能对他们采取措施。
短语：take charge of = be in charge of对……负责；
A man tries to take charge of everything in a large company.【2015天津阅读】 一个人使徒负责大公司里
面所有的事情。
Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales, please? 【2012山东】我可以和你们公司里面
的负责国际销售的人员说话吗？
be in the charge of被/由… 负责
The improvement to the present system is in the charge of FCC.【2013山东阅读】当前系统的改善由FCC负责。
charity [ˈtʃærɪti] 慈善机构
chart [tʃɑːt] n. 图表；
chat [tʃæt] n. v 聊天
用法：chat (with/to sb) (about sth.) 和某人谈论某事。
I wonder if you’ll be free then so we could chat about the good older days.【2006山东改错】
我想知道你将来那个时候是否有时间，这样我们就可以聊一聊以前的日子了。
We may chat with old about their old days or changes of our city.【2012湖北写作】
我们可以和老年人聊一聊以前的日子或者我们城市的变化。
cheap [tʃiːp] adj. 便宜的 反义词：expensive 昂贵的
cheat [tʃiːt] v. 作弊；欺骗 n. 作弊者，骗子
It’s not easy to cheat in chess.【2013广东阅读】 在下棋中作弊是很困
难的。
Anyway, I can't cheat him —— it's against all my principle.【2015浙江】无论如何我都不能欺骗他——这
有悖于我的原则。
cheat的另一个名词形式：cheating作弊行为；欺骗行为
check [tʃek] v. 检查，查看n. 检查，核查；账单；支票
He checks his phone every five minutes! 【2015上海语法与词汇】 他每五分钟检查一下他的手机。
Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead monitor it on their phones
while watching TV.【2012山东阅读】 用户不必起床去核实衣服是否洗完了，他们只要在看电视的时
候检查一下他们的手机就可以知道了。It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or by check in this store.【2012山东】在这个商店你付现金或支
票都可以。
The next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months.【2012山东阅读】
第二天他送来了一个包含整个八个月租金的账单。
短语：check out 检查，核实；办理退房手续
He should check out of the room.【高考真句】他应该检查房间。
He should check out of the room.【2015天津阅读】他应该办理退房手续。
check in 登记（办理入住手续或登机手续）
I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence.【2016全国一阅读】我到达了位于Providence的登记台。
cheek [tʃiːk] n. 脸颊
cheer [tʃɪə] v. （为……）加油，欢呼；n. 欢呼，加油
Why did the crowd cheer when the last runner crossed the finish line?【2013广东】为什么当最后一位跑步
运动者穿过终点线的时候还在欢呼？
短语：cheer sb on （在比赛中）为某人加油
All the students on the playground cheer me on.【2012浙江改错】操场上的所有学生都在为我加油
cheer up (使)高兴起来，（使）振作起来
Feeling blue about world ? " Cheer up," Says science writer Matt Ridley.【2015湖北阅读】还对这个世界
感到忧郁吗？ “振作起来吧！”科学作家Matt Ridley说到。
cheer的形容词：cheerful高兴的
cheers [tʃɪə] int. 干杯，
cheese [tʃiːz] n. 奶酪
chef [ʃef] n.主厨chemical [ˈkemɪkəl] adj. 化学的 n. 化学物质
In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the
surrounding environment.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】此外，无需使用污染传统农田及其周围环境
的农药和其他化学品。
chemist [ˈkemɪst] n. 药剂师；化学家
chemistry [ˈkemɪstrɪ] n. 化学
cheque [tʃek] n. 支票
chess [tʃes] n. 棋
chest [tʃest] n.胸部；箱子；盒子
chew [tʃuː] vt. 咀嚼
chick [tʃɪk] n. 小鸡
chicken [ˈtʃɪkən] n. 鸡（可数名词）；鸡肉（不可数名词）
chief [tʃiːf] adj. 最高级的，首席的；最重要的，主要的 n. 首领；领导人 chiefs (复数)My father was Chief Engineer of a merchant ship, which was sunk in World WarⅡ. 【2015湖南阅读】
我的爸爸是一艘商船的首席工程师，这艘商船在二战中沉入了海底。
There are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure
lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside.【2012北京阅读】
有些人他们真的相信猎杀不是真的重要的事情，真正的快乐在于猎杀的乐趣以及野外的美景。，
His chief customers were his old college friends.【2015陕西阅读】他最重要的顾客就是他的大学同学。
child [tʃaɪld] n.儿童 其复数为children
child的形容词形式：childish 天真的
childhood [ˈtʃaɪldhʊd] n. 幼年时代，童年
chimney [ˈtʃɪmnɪ] n. 烟囱
chips [tʃɪp] n. (pl.)炸土豆条（片）
chocolate [ˈtʃɔklət] n. 巧克力
choice [tʃɔɪs] n. 选择；adj 上等的，精选的
You should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.【2014重庆阅
读】你应该意识到你的运动的选择可能对环境有很大的影响。
I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her.【2015天津阅读】我做出了退学回家照顾她的
决定。
Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions.【2014上海阅
读】一流的建筑师是那些筹划出消费者做决定的背景。短语：have no choice but to do 除了…别无选择
If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.【2012陕西】如果他
从事这项工作，除了面对更大的选择之外别无选择。
choice的动词形式: choose
choose [tʃuːz] v. 选择
They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. 【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】他们
会在选择放松的地方之前，先嗅探特定的区域。
You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ
卷】你选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短故事。
You can also use other senses when you choose your food.【2012全国一阅读】当你选择食物的时候你可
以用其它的感官。
choir [ˈkwaɪə] n. 合唱团，教堂的唱诗班
choke [tʃəʊk] n. & v. 窒息
She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks.【2016天津完形】她咳嗽并且窒息
了，几乎无法度过前几周。
chopsticks [ˈtʃɔpstɪks] n. 筷子
chorus [ˈkɔːrəs] n. 合唱曲，歌咏队
church [tʃɜːtʃ] n. 教堂
cigar [sɪˈɡɑː] n. 雪茄cigarette [sɪɡəˈret] n.香烟
cinema [ˈsɪnəmə] n. 电影院
circuit [ˈsɜːkɪt] n. 环形路线，巡回赛
circle n. 圆，圈；……圈子，……界；vi 环绕，盘旋
Sometimes several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles.【2015上海阅读
有时候几只鲸鱼在水底形成一个圆吹泡泡。
But the question is not that the internet allows you to increase the size of your social circle, but that you can
keep your relationships with your existing friends going.【2015福建阅读】
问题不在于因特网能够扩大你的社交圈，而在于你可以让你和现在的朋友继续交往。
We called to each other excitedly as the plane took off and circled around the Canyon.【2013陕西阅读】当
飞机起飞在大峡谷上盘旋的时候我们兴奋地朝对方大喊。
come/go full circle 兜了一圈回到原处
I have come full circle with his help.【2015浙江完形】在他的帮助下我回到了原处。
circulate [ˈsɜːkjʊleɪt] v. （使）循环；流通；传播
Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air.【2013福建阅读】天花板上的风扇可以让空气很好的流通。
The news of her death circulated quickly.【高考真句】她死去的消息迅速传开。
The coin can be circulated as a currency.【2013福建阅读】这个硬币可以作为货币流通。
circulate的名词形式：circulation循环；流通；传播
circumstance [ˈsɜːkəmstəns] n. 情况，情形
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words
for your particular circumstances.【2024年1月九省联考】你可以将这些做法视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你构建一个适合你特定情况的极简主义生活方式。
Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desire.【2015浙江阅读】不管在什
么情况下，我们仍然有着梦想，希望和欲望。
短语：in/under…circumstance 在……情况下
in/under no circumstance绝不，无论如何都不
We should stick to our dreams under any circumstances.【2015福建阅读】在任何情况下我们都应该坚持
我们的梦想。
同义词：situation, condition
circus [ˈsɜːkəs] n. 马戏团
citizen [ˈsɪtɪzən] n.居民
city [ˈsɪtɪ] n. 市，城市
civil [sɪvl] adj. 平民的；公民的，国名的
It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.【2012山东阅读】在内战中他损失了几百万美元。
She was named “mother of the civil rights movement”.【2012重庆阅读】 她被命名为“内战运动之母”。
civil的名词形式：civilian平民，老百姓
civilization [sɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən]n. 文明
There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere before 2,500.【2015江苏阅读】
在2500年以前，世界上有伟大的文明，壮丽的帝国但是没有自由
clap [klæp] v. n. 拍手；鼓掌
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping.【2012天津阅读】
人群中安静了几秒但是之后掌声想了起来。同义词: applause n. 鼓掌 applaud v. 鼓掌
clarify [ˈklærəfaɪ] v.澄清，阐明
The purpose of the passage is to clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.【2014重庆阅读】
这篇文章的目的是为了阐明一些关于肥胖和锻炼的错误观念。
clarify的名词：clarification n. 澄清，阐明
class [klɑːs] n. 班级；课程；阶级；等级；
To save class time, our teacher has us students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for
homework.【2012湖南】为了节省课堂时间，老师让我们学生在课堂上做一半的练习，剩下的一半作
家庭作业。
I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only.【2012浙江写作】我喜欢英语课被全英文教学。
A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.【2013陕西阅读】一个普遍被
使用的分类是下层阶级、中产阶级和上层阶级。
Every meal will be first-class and every cabin is like your home.【2013全国一阅读】每一顿饭都是一流的
并且每一个机舱都跟家一样。
classify [ˈklæsɪfaɪ] v. 把……分类
Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls”. 【2014四川
阅读】研究发现20%的人可以被分类为夜猫子。
classify的名词形式：classification 分类
A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.【2013陕西阅读】一个普遍被
使用的分类是下层阶级、中产阶级和上层阶级。
classify的形容词形式：classified分类的
Below are some classified ads from an English newspaper.【2014浙江阅读】以下是来自英语报纸的分类
广告
classic [ˈklæsɪk] adj. 典型的，经典的，古典的 n. 经典作品
Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】有些是经典短篇故事，有些是新的原创作品。
What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?【2016全国三阅读】文中提及的典型规则适用于
什么？
The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.【2012山东阅读】经典作品的销售导致电影的流
行。
classic的同义词：classical adj. 典型的，经典的，古典的
classmate [ˈklɑːsmeɪt] n.同学
classroom [ˈklɑːsruːm] n. 教室
claw [klɔː] n. 爪
clay [kleɪ] n. 黏土，
clean [kliːn] v. 打扫，弄干净 adj. 清洁的，干净的
Her husband has no time to clean the kitchen.【2013四川阅读】她的丈夫没时间打扫房间。
You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
【2013安徽阅读】通过回收电池而不是将电池扔掉，你就可以帮助使我们的水供应保持干净。
clean的名词形式：cleaner清洁工人；清洁器，清洁剂
The probable relationship between the speakers is homeowner and cleaner.【2015全国一】
对话者之间的关系可能是房屋主人和清洁工的关系。
clear [klɪə ]adj. 清楚的，明确的；明显的；透明的；晴朗的；易懂的；清晰的 v. 清理，
清除；批准She had given us clear directions and we were able to find his house easily.【2015北京】她给了我们明确的
指令，我们能够很容易找到他的家.
It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.【2015江苏】那个男人没有及时报道事
故的原因还不清楚。
There is clear evidence that the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.【2015上海】 有一个
明显的证据：最难解释的感觉就是身体上的疼痛。
They are as clear as glass.【2015 北京阅读】他们和玻璃一样透明。
The sky was clear.【2013湖北阅读】天空非常晴朗。
I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and to the point.【2013辽宁】我喜欢Miner的演讲，他的演讲清晰
易懂并且简明恰当。
In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies declared that my class was next.【2015山东完形】主持
人以清晰响亮的嗓音宣布我们下一个出场。
Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops.【2013江西阅读】丹尼斯清理了几块田地并且种上了
庄稼。
Jack held the watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and cleared his appointments for the next two
days.【2013江苏阅读] 杰克看手表看了几分钟，然后打电话给其助手并且批准了接下来两天的预约。
短语：clear up 收拾，整理；解决
It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.【2013江苏】如果我们在聚会后
主动帮忙的话，收拾不会花多长时间。
Many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.【2012辽宁阅读】在
通往美好未来的路上许多技术问题仍然必须被解决。
clerk [klɑːk] n.职员，工作人员
After paying the clerk, I still had 5 cents.【2015四川阅读表达】在给工作人员付完薪水之后我还有5美
分。
同义词：staff n. 职员
clever [ˈklevə] adj. 聪明的
click [klɪk] v. 点击
climate [ˈklaɪmɪt] n. 气候
Private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.【2024年1月浙江卷】私人气候工程可以在相对的法律安全中进行。
Is there link between humans and climate change or not?【2016上海阅读】人类和气候变化之间是否有联
系？
climb [klaɪm] v. 爬，攀登
clinic [ˈklɪnɪk] n. 诊所
clone [kləʊn] n.克隆
clock [klɔk] n. 钟
短语：round/around the clock 昼夜，夜以继日
Now residents in the Derbyshire Village can buy groceries a round the clock.【2014上海阅读】Derbyshire
Village的具名昼夜都可以在这个地方买东西了。
close [kləʊz] adj. 接近的；亲密的；仔细的，小心的 v. 关闭；减少 adv. 接近地，不
远
Lauren Smith is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.【2013 天津阅读】
Lauren Smith接近完成她关于鲨鱼感受压力的能力的报告。
They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives.【2015安徽阅读】他
们是那种非常亲密的朋友以至于可以用生命相信对方。
While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups
typically make an effort to escape adult supervision.【2012上海阅读】尽管儿童同龄群体在父母的小心监
护下进行，青少年同龄群体通常努力逃离父母的监督
High desert winds had forced the airport to close all but one runway.【2015四川完形】沙尘暴迫使机场关
闭所有的跑道除了其中一条。
When I refused to listen, she told me I could get the surgery to close the teeth gap.【2012湖南完形】当我拒
绝听的时候他告诉我我可以做手术缩小牙缝。
I was allowed to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.【2016全国一语法填空】我被允
许在这个600亩的中心靠近这些可爱的动物。
close的副词形式：closely；close作动词时的形容词形式：closedclosely ['kləʊslɪ] adv. 仔细地；紧密地
This passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your
decisions.【2014江苏阅读】 这篇文章将会帮助你像经济学家一样思考，仔细考虑你的每一个决定的
机会成本。
Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.【2012天津阅读】拼写能力与书写能力紧密相关。
closed [kləʊzd] adj. 关闭的，关门的
The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.【2015四川】
学校的商店暑假关门了，它的顾客主要是学生。
易混词：cloth; clothing; clothes
cloth [klɔθ] n. 布料，布；
Baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is more comfortable to rub
against.【2013浙江阅读】与电线做的“妈妈”相比，小猴子更喜欢布料“妈妈”，因为它们摸上去
更舒服。
clothing [ˈkləʊðɪŋ] n. (总称) 衣服
The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing weren’t enough. [完形]2012山东
Muller夫妇很快意识到食物和衣服不够。
clothes [klɔðz] (pl.) 衣服
Cattle’s meat and milk are food full of nutrition, and their skin can be used to make clothes and shoes. [阅
读]2014安徽 牛的肉和奶富含营养，并且他们的皮肤可以被用来制造衣服和鞋子。
cloud [ˈklaʊd ] n.云，云状物 cloud的形容词形式：cloudy [ˈklaʊdɪ] adj. 多云的
club [klʌb] n. 俱乐部
clumsy [ˈklʌmzɪ] adj. 笨拙的，笨重的
They can seem forgetful and clumsy.【2015北京七选五】他们可能似乎既笨拙又健忘。
同义词：awkward adj. 尴尬的，笨拙的coach [kəʊtʃ] v. 指导，训练n. 教练；马车；长途车
Her wish is to coach young athletes for Beijing 2013 Olympic Games.【2013福建阅读】 她的愿望是训练
那些参加2013奥运会的年轻运动员
Players should be highly inspired by coaches.【2016江苏阅读】运动员应该受到教练的鼓舞
coast [kəʊst] n. 海岸
This coastal area was a national wildlife reserve last year.【2015湖南】
这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家自然保护区。
其形容词形式: coastal adj. 近海的，沿海的
coal [kəʊl] n. 煤, 煤块
coat [kəʊt] n. 外套 vt. 给……穿外套
cock [kɔk] n. 公鸡
cocoa [ˈkəʊkəʊ] n. 可可粉
coffee [ˈkɔfɪ] n. 咖啡
coin [kɔɪn] n. 硬币
coke [kəʊk] n. 可口可乐
cold [kəʊld] adj. 冷的；冷漠的，冷酷的 n. 寒冷；感冒
Capable persons are often cold to others.【2014天津阅读】有能力的人经常对他人很冷漠。
They will catch a cold easily.【2014重庆完形】他们将很容易感冒。
cold做形容词时的名词形式：coldness 冷；冷漠
collar [ˈkɔlə] n. 衣领 拓展：white collar白领；blue collar 蓝领
collision [kəˈlɪʒn] n. 碰撞事故
colleague [ˈkɔliːɡ] n. 同事
【真句】He had worked with his colleague long enough.【2014广东阅读】他和他的同事工作了足够长
的时间。同义词：coworker 同事；易混词：college 学院
coincidence [kəʊɪnˈsɪdəns] n.巧合
【真句】By a strange coincidence we happened to be travelling on the same train.【高考真句】巧得出奇,
我们正好坐同一列火车.
collect [kəˈlekt] v. 收集；收藏；收，收取（钱）；聚集；接，取
【真句】It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describes and analyze species.
【2012北京阅读】科学家要花很多时间来收集描述和分析物种的信息。
【真句】I was kind of sad when the project was over because it was great fun to collect these memories. It
gave me a different picture of dad. 【2014四川阅读】当这个项目结束的时候我有点儿悲伤，因为收藏
这些信息是有趣的。
【真句】A few problems need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trade fees.【2015
湖北阅读】一些问题需要被解决，比如谁去取这些交易费用。
【真句】The birds collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? 【2015全国一阅读】
当雨季来临的时候这些鸟儿以较小群体的方式聚集在一起。
【真句】The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned to our shop for quality problems.
【2014重庆】生产者定期来我们的商店取因为质量问题而返还到店里的相机。
collect的名词形式：collection 收集；收藏
【真句】...part of UW Libraries' Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections.【2024年1月九省联考】 ...华盛
顿大学图书馆的埃米特·D·奇瑟姆特藏的一部分。
【真句】We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter
planting, and seed collection.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】我们将探索美丽的公园地点，同时进行入
侵植物的清除、冬季种植和种子收集。
colour ['kʌlə] n. 颜色 vt.给…着色，涂色
comb [kəʊm] n. 梳子 v. 梳
combine [kəmˈbaɪn] v. 结合Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world.
【2013上海阅读】结合更加开放的政策，科技的 进步已经创造了一个联系密切的世界。
用法：combine A with/and B 把A和B结合一会
Like her mother, Irene combined family and career.【2015陕西阅读】和他的妈妈一样，Irene将家庭和事
业结合起来。
combine的名词形式：combination 结合
With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature
did.【2024年1月九省联考】他想，如果正确组合动植物，或许他就能像大自然那样清理废物。
comfort [ˈkʌmfət] v. 安慰 n 舒适，舒服；安慰，慰藉
I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being comforted by teachers.【2014陕西阅读】
我看到老师正在安慰儿子学校的3个泪汪汪的小孩。
There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. 【2012天津
阅读】对于教育者而言没有比看到多年工作的结果更加慰藉了。
In this seaside resort, you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.【2012山东】在海
边度假胜地你可以享受现代旅游的舒适与便利。
comfort的形容词形式：comfortable
comfortable [ˈkʌmfətəbl] adj. 舒服的；自信的，自在的（后面常加with或者in）
They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more
comfortable in being the happy and unique girl she is! 【2012江西阅读】他们喜爱并且期盼在一起的时
间，这种友谊当然帮助Emily在成为快乐及独特的小孩变得更加自信。
Tom saw the friendly bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him.【2014四川完形】 汤姆
看到这只友善的鸟已经好几次了， 这只鸟在汤姆周围感到越来越自在。
Face-to-face service creates comfortable feelings among customers.【2015浙江阅读】面对面的服务在顾
客当中创造了舒服的感觉。
comedy [ˈkɔmədɪ] n. 喜剧 反义词：tragedy 悲剧
command [kəˈmɑ:nd] v. 指挥，命令；博得，赢得（尊敬，关注等）n. 指挥；命令；（计算机）指令
The commanding officer decided to make his findings known.【2015辽宁改错】指挥官决定使他的发现为
人所知
The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.【2015山东阅读】
电脑解释这些信号并且指挥机动的轮椅。
The point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be
considered an authority and therefore to command respect.【2015湖北阅读】争论的重点是证明你是正确
的并且其他人是错误的，因为双方都想被认为自己是权威，因此而博得尊敬。
Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines.
【2015山东阅读】BCI科技可以帮助残疾人向机器发出命令。
短语：command of sth 对某事物的掌握
She didn’t have a good command of English.【2013浙江作文】他英语掌握的不好
comment [ˈkɔment] n.评论，意见；v. 评论，发表意见
用法：comment on/about sth
What’s your comment on pop music? 【2012上海阅读】你对流行音乐的评论是？
comment on评论……
The People's Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city, in which users will be encouraged to
add to and comment on the material.【2015四川阅读】People's Archive是一个关于该城的历史人物的网
上图书馆，在这个图书馆中用户被鼓励不断增添素材并做出评价
同义词：review n. 评论
commercial [kəˈmɜ:ʃl] adj. 商业的 n. 商业广告
In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains has forced village shops across the country
to close.【2014上海语法与词汇】最近来自连锁超市的商业压力迫使国家的乡村商店关门歇业。
Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors.【2012广东】媒体公司也利用体育去吸
引商业广告赞助商。
commit [kəˈmɪt] v. 犯（错误或罪行）；投入（钱，时间等）；致力于
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. 【2014江
西阅读】然而我们必须禁止犯只从某一点上分析进步这样的错误。Mint has committed around £500,000 to MyHab and taken a share of 30 percent in Mr. Dunlop’s business.
【2012上海阅读】Mint投入了500，000磅给MyHab这个项目并且占Dunlop生意的30%。
短语：commit sb/ yourself to sth/ doing等于be committed to (doing)sth 致力于……
The country is committed to meeting EU targets for non-carbon energy generation.【2014福建阅读】
这个国家致力于满足欧盟无碳能源生产的目标。
commit murder/ suicide 谋杀，自杀
commit的名词形式：commitment
commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt] n. 承诺；投入，奉献
I told him that he’d made a commitment and now he was going to have to follow through with it.【2015浙江
阅读】我对他说他之前做出过承诺，他现在必须遵守。
It’s through commitment and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and out.【2015四川阅
读】正是通过投入与汗水，我的内在和外在都发生了变化。
committee [kəˈmɪtɪ] n. 委员会
common [ˈkɔmən] adj. 普遍的，常见的；共同的；普通的
It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of
their parents.【2013福建阅读】这展现了一个普遍的现象：孩子们是家庭的焦点，承担着父母的希望。
A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” 【2013
江西阅读】 一个常见的谚语说到“授之以鱼不如授之以渔”
Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.【2015江苏任务型读写】一旦我们有了共同的兴
趣，我们就可以建立友谊了。
There are many common methods used to cook fish.【2016全国三 七选五】有许多做鱼的普通做法。
短语：common sense 常识；
Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm.【2015天津阅读】常识告诉你下雨
天要带伞
have … in common 有……共同之处
What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common? 【2015重庆阅读】Green Maps和Map
Mashups有什么共同之处？communicate [kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt] v. 沟通，交流；表达，传达
...communicate in two different languages 【2024年6月北京卷】......用两种不同的语言交流...
Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate
effectively.【2014陕西阅读】然而，今天总统依靠像J. Terry Edmonds这样的作家帮助他们进行有效地
交流。
communicate with 与……交流
Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other.【2015陕西阅读】
公司依靠电子邮件让员工彼此进行沟通。
communicate sth to sb向某人传达某事
You can communicate the power of enthusiasm to anyone who needs it.【2015江苏完形】
你可以将热情的力量传达给任何需要它的人。
communicate的名词形式：communication
communication [kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən] n. 沟通，交流；表达，传达；
communications 通讯；交通
1. Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as
BART.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】Alicia Trost，旧金山湾区快速交通系统（又称BART）的首席
通信官。
2. We went through a period in which communications were very difficult in the rural areas.【2013上海】我们
经历了一段时期，在这个时期中乡村地区的交通十分艰难。
3. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of
communications satellites.【2015上海阅读】奥运会可能在下一个太阳活动极大期中间，这会影响通讯
卫星的功能。
communism [ˈkɔmjʊnɪzəm] n. 共产主义
communist [ˈkɔmjuːnɪst] n. 共产主义者
companion [kəmˈpænɪən] n. 伙伴，伴侣The dog may be a good companion for the old.【2012天津】狗狗可能是老人最好的伴侣。
company [ˈkʌmpənɪ] n. 公司；陪伴；
Mark needs to learn Chinese because his company is opening a branch in Beijing.【2013山东阅读】
Mark需要学习中文因为他的公司将在北京开一个分公司。
It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please,
and even good health.【2013天津阅读】我们很容易忽视朋友陪伴所带来的快乐、爱住哪就住哪的自由
以及健康。
拓展：含有“公司”之意的词 firm; corporation; business
compare [kəmˈpeə] vt. 比较
短语：compare A with/and B 把A和B相比
I now regularly compare my views with those of many others.【2016江苏任务型读写】我现在定期把我的
观点与其他人的观点进行比较。
compare A to B 把A比作B
While she is often compared to the heroines of her own invention, her life is undoubtedly much quieter.
【2012辽宁阅读】尽管她经常被比作自己所创作的主人公，她的生活毫无疑问更加安静。
compare的名词形式：comparison [kəmˈpærɪsn] n. 比较
Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book.【2013全国一阅读】威尔逊在书的剩余部分都
会使用这样的比较。
compass [ˈkʌmpəs] n. 罗盘，指南针
compensate [ˈkɔmpenseɪt] vi补偿，赔偿，弥补
用法：compensate for sth 弥补……
Fine-line pens may compensate for bad handwriting.【2015安徽完形】好线条的笔也许弥补坏的书写。
compensate的名词形式：compensation
compete [kəmˈpi:t] v. 竞争，比赛用法：compete with/against 与……竞争
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.【2014重庆】
生活就像长跑运动，我们在这项运动中与他人比赛以超越自己。
compete in/at 参加……比赛
Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968.【2013广东写作】
女性在1968年首次被允许参加奥运会射击比赛
compete (with / against) sb for sth 为争夺某物与某人竞争
Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract.【高考真句】几家公司正为争取
一项合同而互相竞争.
compete的名词形式：competition; competitor
compete的形容词形式：competitive; competent
competition [kɔmpəˈtɪʃən] n. 竞争；比赛
I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.【2013四川作文】
我非常担心明天的全国英语比赛。
Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool. 【2015浙
江阅读】激烈的竞争使他们相信使乘客高兴是一个重要的营销工具。
competitor [kəmˈpetɪtə] n. 竞争者
Retaining customers also makes it difficult for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a
market.【2015上海完形】留住顾客使竞争者很难进入市场或者增加市场份额。
competitive [kəmˈpetətɪv] asj. 竞争性强的；有竞争力的；竞争的
Companies fearful of losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to
pick up the speed.【2015四川阅读】害怕失去竞争优势的公司花大量的时间和金钱寻找提速的方式
In the more and more competitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction.
【2015浙江阅读】在竞争性越来越强的服务业，保证顾客满意度不够了。
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event. 【2014陕西
阅读】我希望体育日可以被抛弃并且被其他没有竞争力的活动代替。competent [ˈkɒmpɪtənt] adj. 合格的，能干的
Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also discovered a strong interest and a
world I hadn't known existed.【2015北京完形】我不仅比我想像的要更加强大和能干，我也发现了一个
我感兴趣的世界和一个我不知道还存在的一个世界。
A competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to
share.【2014江苏任务型读写】当挑选信息来分享的时候，一个合格的交流者会考虑他人的需要和要
求。
competent的名词形式：competence [ˈkɔmpətəns] 能力
complete [kəmˈpliːt] v. 完成； adj. 完成的；完整的；完全的，彻底的
After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper
accommodation.【2014广东阅读】在完成培训之后，我被送到一个迫切需要适当住宿的小乡村。
Work on the new building is nearly complete.【高考真句】新大楼的工作几乎完成了。
The study found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete
sentences and had a faster word production rate.【2012天津阅读】研究发现，当用笔和纸书写的时候，
参与者能够写出更长的文章、更完整的句子，并且写字速度更快。
It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met
before.【2012全国一阅读】一个完全陌生的人努力帮助一个素未谋面的人，这真是无比荣幸。
complain [kəmˈpleɪn] v.抱怨，控诉；
用法：complain (to sb) of/about sth 向某人抱怨某事
Some complain of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they hate.
【2015 浙江完形】一些人抱怨同事不友好，并且为每天投入八小时做自己不喜欢的工作而感到悲哀。
One of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the piano.【2015北京完形】他们的其中
一个邻居抱怨钢琴声音。
complain的名词形式: complaint
complaint [kəmˈpleɪnt] n. 抱怨；投诉
The main purpose of introducing a “forever stamp” is to respond to the complaints about rising postal rates.【2012上海阅读】介绍“forever stamp”的主要目的是回应关于邮费上涨的抱怨。
Customer Complaint Form客户投诉表 【2015北京】
complex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj. 复杂的
The real reason why prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion
can satisfactorily explain this problem.【2015江苏】物价在过去和现在都很高的原因是复杂的，任何短
暂的讨论都无法解释这一问题。
同义词：complicated adj. 复杂的
component [kəmˈpəʊnənt] n. 零件，组成部分
Its basic components are used as fertilizer, and so will enrich the soil.【2012湖南阅读】他的基本成分被用
作肥料并且将会使土壤肥沃。
compose [kəmˈpəʊz] v. 构成；创作
Peterson composed two other songs herself after classroom discussions about the play and the book.【2012山
东阅读】Peterson在关于该戏剧和剧本的课堂讨论之后自己创作了其他两首歌。
用法：be composed of 由……组成
The symbol, created using a calligraphic art form, is composed of human and tree-like shapes.【2012浙江阅
读】这个标志是由人和向树一样的形状组成的。
含有“构成”之意的词与短语：make up构成，组成; consist of 由……组成
compose的名词形式：composition; composer
composition [ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃn] n. 作文；创作
He applied to study composition with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him.
【2013山东阅读】他申请与著名的音乐家Nadia Boulanger学习创作，但是Nadia Boulanger拒绝了他。
Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.【2013湖南写作】根据下面的指示
写一篇作文。
composer [kəmˈpəʊzə] n. 作曲家If the composer doesn’t feel like working, he doesn’t work.【2012全国二阅读】如果作曲家不想工作，他
可以不工作
comprehension [kɔmprɪˈhenʃən] n. 理解
To facilitate our comprehension of the world...【2024年6月北京卷】为了帮助我们理解世界...
Reading Comprehension 阅读理解
compromise [ˈkɔmprəmaɪz] n.v. 妥协
Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.【2013江苏任务型
读写】最重要的是通过妥协和协议作出的决定总是明智的。
compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsərɪ] adj. 强制性的，义务的
In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are optional.【2015江苏】在
那个学校英语是强制性的，但是英语和法语是选择性的。
There is a lot of law that has great influence on how we organize and use time such as compulsory education
law.【2014湖北阅读】有许多法则对我们组织和使用时间有很大影响, 比如义务教育法。
反义词：optional adj. 可选择的
computer [kəmˈpjuːtə] n. 电脑
comrade [ˈkɔmrɪd] n. 同志
concentrate [ˈkɔnsəntreɪt] v 集中注意力
用法：concentrate (sth) on (doing) sth注重；集中注意力；把注意力集中于
When you concentrate on one task, you find you have energy that you didn't even know you had. 【2012浙
江阅读】当你专注一项任务的时候你会发现你以前未曾拥有的能量。
We ought to concentrate on teaching children something really useful.【2015安徽任务型读写】
我们应该注重教孩子们一些有用的东西。
When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names.【2014安徽阅读】当
遇到一群人的时候将注意力集中在两到三个名字上。
concentrate的名词形式：concentration 专心；关注concentrate on的同义词：focus on 注重；集中注意力；把注意力集中于
concept [ˈkɔnsept] n. 概念
concern [kənˈsɜːn] n. 担心；关心；重要的事情 v. 关于；使担心
In those days, our primary concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and
health care.【2013湖北】在那些日子我们首要关心的事情就是为那些被暴风雪困住的人提供食物和医
疗。
The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.【2015重庆】消息使
公众非常震惊，导致人们非常担心学生在学校的安全。
Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what
customers accept.【2012陕西阅读】穿衣标准在商界的存在有很多原因，但是最重要的事情经常是关
于消费者接受什么。
The similarity between Love and Song of Solomon is that they both concern families of more than one
generation.【2006山东阅读】Love 和 Song of Solomon这两部作品的共同之处是它们都是关于一代人
以上的家庭。
Issues like food safety do concern me.【高考真句】食品安全之类的问题真的让我很担心。
短语：concern oneself with/about sth 关心某事；担心某事；
She concerned herself with current social problems.【2012山东阅读】她关心当今社会问题。
concern的形容词形式：concerned
concerned [kənˈsɜ:nd] adj. 担心的；关心的；相关的，有关的
用法：be concerned about 担心……
During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are
burned to produce electricity.【2015安徽阅读】在20世纪70年代人们开始担心燃烧煤、气发电所带来
的污染。
be concerned with 关心……；与……有关
Parents are concerned with children’s subject selection.【2014山东阅读】父母关心孩子们课程的选择。
The research paper published is primarily concerned with factors affecting employee performance. 【2012上
海阅读】出版的研究报道主要关于影响雇员表现的因素。as far as sb/sth is concerned 就某人或某事而言
As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.【2013全国二阅
读】就我们而言，公共演讲没有什么不容更改的规则。
concerning [kənˈsɜ:nɪŋ] prep. 关于
Activities concerning children’s books are to be held.【2012天津阅读】将举行关于童书的活动
同义词：regarding prep 关于
concert[ˈkɔnsət] n. 音乐会；演奏会
I first went to hear a live rock concert when I was eight years old.【2015山东完形】
在我8岁的时候我第一次去现场听音乐会。
conclude [kənˈkluːd] v 结束；推断，总结
Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel full.【2014陕西阅读】
研究者推断出法国人在他们感觉吃饱的时候就不再吃了。
Conclude your speech with “Thanks for your time.”【2012陕西阅读】用“感谢你们的时间”来结束你的
演讲。
用法：conclude A from B 从B当中推出A
What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?【2015上海阅读】我们从文章当中可以推断出
什么？
conclude的名词形式：conclusion
conclusion [kənˈkluːʒn] n. 结论；结束
I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument- and that is to avoid it.
【2024年1月九省联考】我得出的结论是，争论中取得最佳结果的唯一方式——那就是避免争论。
By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math.【2012北京
阅读】在课程结束的时候，学生们将改善他们对基础数学的理解。
Should they keep their conclusion within the team or share it with other employee?【2015浙江阅读】
他们应该把结论留在团队里面还是将其与其他员工分享？短语：in conclusion 最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束）
In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage, protect the
present water resources and explore potential ones scientifically.【2015福建作文】最后，全世界的人们都
应该意识到水短缺的情况、保护好现在的水资源并且科学开发潜在的水资源。
draw /reach /come to a conclusion 得出结论
What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?【2012天津阅读】从文章当中我们可以得出什么结论？
jump to conclusion 匆忙下结论
Jumping to a conclusion is dangerous.【2015湖北阅读】匆忙下结论是危险的。
contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] v. 贡献
【真句】3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.【2018天津】 3D食品打印可能有
助于解决方案。
【拓展】contribution [kɔnˈtrɪbjuːt] n. 贡献
concrete [ˈkɔŋkriːt] adj. 具体的；n. 混凝土
The surface of the road is made of concrete and steel.【2006江苏阅读】路的表面是由混凝土和钢铁制造
的。
From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures less scary.
【2012北京阅读】从基本的具体想法到更加抽象的问题，他擅长使数学讲座不那么令人害怕
condemn [kənˈdem] vt. 指责Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.【2015广东阅
读】安德森建议：我们不应该不考虑其它影响就谴责电视。
condition [kənˈdɪʃn] n. 条件，状况
1. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅰ卷】莱伊·廷代尔的
狗查理患有严重的心脏病。
2. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.【2013全国
二】那儿的路况证明是挺好的，这超出了我们的预料。
短语：in good/excellent/bad/poor condition 处于良好/极佳/糟糕的状况
When the parcel arrived, the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted.【2014上海阅读】包
裹抵达的时候，书的状况挺好的，乔治非常高兴。
on condition that (连词) 如果；条件是（相当于if）
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that (only if) we returned it before the weekend.【高考真句】他
们同意借车给我们条件是周末之前归还。
condition的形容词形式：conditional 有条件的
conduct [kənˈdʌkt] vt. 实施；（乐队）指挥； n. 行为
The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.【2013湖北阅读】 从1993年到2003年，该
研究每年都会被实施。
Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe.【高考真句】
丹尼斯最近开始在欧洲担任歌剧指挥，事业发展得很成功。
Your cheating conduct promoted a false sense of security and probably contributed to causing death and injury
to innocent people.【2013四川阅读】你的欺骗行为推动了一种错误的安全感，并且可能让无辜的人们
死亡和受伤。
conduct的名词形式：conductor (乐队的)指挥；售票员
conference [ˈkɔnfərəns] n. (正式的)会议confident [ˈkɔnfɪdənt] adj. 自信的
I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.【2024年6月北京卷】我过于自信了。现在我
被宣布没有才能。
Then I kept practicing until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.【2013浙江阅读】然
后我就不停地练习直到我足够自信去向好的玩家发出挑战。
短语：be confident about/of sth 对……很自信
He is confident about the future of the project.【2014山东阅读】他对于项目的未来很自信。
be confident that自信的；肯定的,确信的
We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 【2013辽
宁阅读】我确信我们进一步努力减少污染将会改善环境。
confident的名词形式：confidence
confidence [ˈkɔnfərəns] n.信任；信心，自信（confidence in）
Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence in his or her ability to deal
with any challenge.【2012湖北阅读】 你的孩子似乎总会预计最坏的事情会发生并且不相信自己处理
挑战的能力。
The program has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades.
【2013福建作文】这个项目有助于改善我的自信、社交技能和分数。
confidential [kɔnfɪˈdenʃl] adj. 机密的，保密的
confirm [kənˈfɜːm] v. 证实；确认
1. Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.【2024年6月新课标全
国Ⅰ卷】五人或更多一组需要特殊安排，并且必须提前确认。
2. It is confirmed that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people.
【2015浙江阅读】这已经被证实：收到好的服务的顾客将会通过向多达12名顾客宣传的方式推动商
业的发展。
3. He failed to confirm the patient’s disease.【2015湖北阅读】 他不能确认父母的疾病。conflict [ˈkɔnflɪkt] n. 冲突
The generous subsidies (财政补贴) are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in
conflict with other residents. 【2014福建阅读】大方的财政补贴政策对农村社区是不利的并且使土地
的拥有者与当地居民产生冲突。
confuse [kənˈfjuːz] vt 使困惑；混淆
When you confuse your listeners with opposing information, you leave the audience wondering what part of
the information is right and what part they should remember.【2012陕西阅读】当你用对立的信息使你的
听众感到困惑的时候，你会使听众想知道哪部分信息是对的，哪部分信息是他们该记住的。
Be careful not to confuse quality with quantity.【高考真句】小心一点，不要将quality和quantity这两个
单词混淆了。
confuse的名词形式：confusion
confuse的形容词形式：confused; confusing
confusion [kənˈfju:ʒn] n. 困惑
Smile often causes confusion across cultures.【2012全国二阅读】 微笑在不同的文化中会引起困惑。
confused [kənˈfjuːzd]adj. 困惑的
Why was the author confused about the task? 【2012北京阅读】 为什么作者对这项任务感到困惑。
confusing [kənˈfju:zɪŋ] adj. 令人困惑的
His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.【2015安徽】他写
的东西是如此的令人困惑以至于很难弄明白他想表达什么。
congratulation [kənɡrætjʊˈleɪʃən] n祝贺（名词常用复数）
These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasmand a strong love for
discovery,” 【2012湖北阅读】因为这些Manitoba高中生的热情以及对发现的热爱，他们理应得到祝
贺。congratulation的动词形式：congratulate
congratulate [kənˈɡrætjʊleɪt] v. 祝贺
用法：congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人在某方面……
My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate me on my 18th birthday.【2013上海作文】叔叔昨天送
我一张贺卡祝我18岁生日快乐
connect [kəˈnekt] v. 连接；联系；接通
用法：connect … to … 连接，接通
You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi-Fi specially
prepared for notebook computers。【2013天津阅读】 你可以将你的
电脑与专门为笔记本电脑准备的Wi-Fi连接。
connect … with … 连接；联系
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.【2012辽宁】健康问题
与不好的饮食习惯以及缺乏锻炼有密切的联系。
A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television.【2012山东阅读】
无线传输器将信息传递给与电视接通的传输器。
connect的名词形式：connection n. 连接；联系；接通
conscience [ˈkɔnʃəns] n. 良心
Twain may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than
any other novelist in the past century.【2013江苏阅读】在使国人对种族不公正感到愤怒并唤起他们的良
心方面，马克吐温可能在过去的一个世纪里做的比其他任何小说家都多
conscious [ˈkɔnʃəns] adj. 清醒的，有知觉的；注重的；有意识的
When did Lisa become conscious again? 【2014广东阅读】丽莎什么时候再次清醒了？
The food especially appeals to health- conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy.【2015湖南阅读】
这个食物对于注重健康的食客来说非常具有吸引力，因为每一道菜都非常健康。Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way.【2012浙江阅读】在日常生活中有意识的
使用这些原则。
短语：be conscious of 注意到，意识到（此时等于be aware of）
I am conscious of someone watching me.【高考真句】我意识到某个人在看我。
conscious的名词形式：consciousness
conscious的反义词形式：unconscious
consciousness [ˈkɒnʃəsnəs] n. 神智清醒；思想，意识
No one knows how consciousness works — it is one of science’s last great mysteries.【2012江苏阅读】没
有人知道意识是怎么运转的——这是最后的科学秘密之一。
Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping.【2015湖北阅读】
在睡眠前后人类可以经历另一种清醒状态。
unconscious [ʌnˈkɒnʃəs] adj. 失去知觉的，无意识的
The dog had initially been knocked unconscious.【2015陕西阅读】小狗一开始被撞的无意识了。
consensus [kənˈsensəs] n. 一致的意见，共识
consequence [ˈkɔnsɪkwəns] n. 结果，后果
Nauru’s heartbreaking story could have one good consequence — other countries might learn from its
mistakes.【2012山东阅读】瑙鲁这一令人心碎的结果有一个好的后果——其他国家可以从它的错误中
吸取经验
同义词：result
consequence的形容词形式：consequent 随之发生的，作为后果的
conservation [kɔnsəˈveɪʃən] n. 保存，保护；节约
It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of
wolves.【2015江苏阅读】据报道北美的保护组织一直在争论狼群的好处与坏处。
the conservation of solar energy【2015北京阅读】 节约太阳能
conservation的动词形式：conserveconservation的形容词形式：conservative
conservative [kənˈsɜːvətɪv] adj. 保守的，守旧的
When we left, my home town was a town of white, middle-class families --- all very conservative. 【2012湖
北阅读】当我们离开家乡的时候，政商都是白人和中产阶级家庭—— 他们都很守旧。
conserve [kənˈsɜːv] v. 保存，保护；节约
Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species.【2015湖南阅读】在1950年以来，
所有的非洲象都被当作一种物种被保护.
同义词：preserve 保存，保护
consider [kənˈsɪdə] v. 考虑；认为
If we consider the situation of the young people aged from eight to eighteen, we should think again. [阅
读]2013重庆 如果我们考虑8到18岁年青人的情况，我们应该重新思考。
短语：consider A (as /to be) B 认为A是B
Many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be improper.【2012全国二阅读】许多
俄罗斯人认为在公共场合朝陌生人笑是不合适的。
Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a curse.【2012江苏完形】今天，一些人认为科技
是礼物；一些人认为科技是诅咒。
consider doing 考虑做某事
You might even consider throwing a get-together in their honor.【2014浙江阅读】
你也许可以考虑举办联欢会向他致敬。
consider的名词形式：consideration
consider的形容词形式：considerate
consideration [kənsɪdəˈreɪʃn] n. 考虑
短语：take sth into consideration 考虑到（等于 take sth into account）
If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be easy for them to form what is
sometimes called a “black and white” view.【2012广东完形】如果人们遵循规则而不考虑其他事情，他
们会很容易形成所谓的黑白观点。considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的
How considerate the dentist was!【2013重庆阅读】牙医是多么锝体贴啊！
considerable [kənˈsɪdərəbl] adj. 大量的
Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.【2013安徽阅读】
改变这个情况需要每个人付出巨大的努力。
consist [kənˈsɪst] 组成
短语：consist of 由……组成；
The charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the
letter sent by post.【2012山东阅读表达】电子邮件的魅力在于简洁和不完整的句子，并且忽略了邮件
的格式。
consist in 在于
The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs.【2013天津阅读】看书的地方主要由桌椅构成。
consistent [kənˈsɪstənt] adj. 一致的，一贯的
I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.【2012广东阅读】我一直反对定期喂养小孩。
短语：be consistent with 与……一致，与……符合
This is entirely consistent with what they cost.【2015浙江阅读】这与他们所消耗的相符合。
constant [ˈkɔnstənt] adj. 经常的，不断的
Many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.【2015安徽阅读】世界上的
许多农业产业经历持续的水短缺。
constitution [kɔnstɪˈtjuːʃn] n. 宪法，
construct [kənˈstrʌkt] vt. 建设，建造
Roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.【2013重庆阅读】表面平滑的道路不会被建造直到对其有大量的需要。
construct的名词形式：construction
construction [kənˈstrʌkʃən] n. 建造，建设
The whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust.【2012全国一阅读】
整个社会的建设取决于互信而不是不信。
短语：be under construction 正在修建中
consult [kənˈsʌlt] vt. 咨询，请教；查阅
If you have any doubts about your health, you’d better consult your doctor at once. 【2015 天津】如果你有
任何健康方面的疑惑，你最好立刻咨询你的医生。
Remember that you should usually consult different types of sources.【2015湖南填词】 记住：你应该查
阅不同的信息来源。
consult的名词形式：consultant
consultant [kənˈsʌltənt] n. 顾问
My consultant was obviously angry with me.【2015湖北阅读】我的顾问明显对我很生气。
consume [kənˈsju:m]v. 消费，消耗
In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they
eat!【2014重庆阅读】事实上，尽管胖的人比瘦的人消耗更多的能量，但是他们没有意识到他们吃了
多少。
consume的名词形式: consumer; consumption
...just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful
about our information consumption...【2024年1月浙江卷】...正如我们需要更加深思熟虑我们的热量摄
入，我们也需要更加深思熟虑我们的信息摄入...
consumer [kənˈsju:mə] n. 消费者
Before buying, it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.【2014山东阅读】在购买之前，由顾客负责判断这些商品的安全性和有效性。
consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃn] n. 消费，消耗
Our weight problems lie in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods.【2013北京阅
读】我们的体重问题在于控制油腻、高能量和不健康食物的摄入。
contain [kənˈteɪn] v.包含，含有； 克制
Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.【2015广东阅读】
一些食物也许包含对人有害的自然材料。
My father could hardly contain his pride in me.【2015陕西阅读】我的爸爸几乎难以克制对我的骄傲
contemporary [kənˈtempərərɪ] adj. 当代的；同一时期的
In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger
children or adults.【2012上海阅读】在当代的美国社会，青少年花更多的时间和同龄人在一起，而不
是和儿童或成人。
Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.【2013江苏阅读】马克吐温在攻击种
族主义方面比同一时期的作家做的的要多。
content [kənˈtent] n.目录；含量；内容 adj.满意的，满足的 v. 使满足
1. 【真句】...they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.【2024年6月新
课标全国Ⅰ卷】...他们记得的内容比听或看相同部分的更多。
2. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium
content, which helps people to relax.【2016四川阅读】以前的研究表明牛奶对于帮助睡眠是极好的因为
它含有帮助睡眠的钙含量。
3. She made use of the contents of other classes in her teaching.【2012山东阅读】她将其它课堂的内容运用
到她的教学之中。
4. I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles.【2016天津阅读】我不得不基于文章主
题建立目录表。
用法：be content wiwh 对……满意/满足
People shouldn’t be content with just recycling empty bottles.【2013湖北阅读】人们不应该满足于仅仅回收空瓶子。
content oneself with sth 使某人满足于某事
By the time I contented myself with the conclusion that he and I were strangers, we were greeting each other
warmly every morning like old friends.【2014天津完形】当我满足于她和我只是陌生人的时候，每天早
上我们就像老朋友一样互相问候。
continent [ˈkɔntɪnənt] n. 大陆，大洲
continue [kənˈtɪnjuː] v. 继续
用法：continue to do /continue doing 继续做某事
Children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured.【2013上海阅读】当孩子受伤
了，他们不应该被允许继续玩耍。
The number of married women who want to continue working increases rapidly because they enjoy their
jobs.【2013安徽阅读】想继续工作的已婚女性的数量迅速增加因为她们很享受工作。
continue的形容词形式：continuous
continuous [kənˈtɪnjuəs] adj. 连续的，持续的
It is a steady and continuous decrease.【2013上海阅读】这是一个稳定且持续的下降。
contrary [ˈkɒntrəri] adj. 相反的 n. 相反
用法：be contrary to 与……相反
Your current requirement is contrary to basic principles.【2015上海阅读】你现在的要求与基本原则相反。
on the contrary 相反地
On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in
pesticide use compared to traditional crops.【2015陕西阅读】相反，美国政府数据显示与传统庄稼相比，
转基因庄稼导致了杀虫剂的全面增加
contradictory [ˌkɔntrə'diktəri] adj. 矛盾的Some ideas are slightly contradictory.【2015湖北阅读】一些想法稍微有点矛盾。
contradictory的动词形式：contradict [kɔntrəˈdɪkt] v. 反驳，驳斥；与……相矛盾
contrast [ˈkɒntrɑ:st] n. v. 对比
The author’s purpose in mentioning cars is to
contrast their functions with elevators’【2014
湖北阅读】作者提及汽车的目的是将汽车
的功能与电梯的功能对比。
短语：by contrast 对比；
The text is mainly developed by contrast.
【2014陕西阅读】这篇文章是通过对比的形式阐述的。
in contrast (to/with) (与……)相比
In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at improving performance.【2015上海阅读】与
deliberate play相比，刻意的练习旨在改善表现。
contribute [kənˈtrɪbjuːt] v. 捐献，贡献；投稿
We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.【2016四川阅读】我们在这里不
是说人们要把他们的生命捐献给穷人。
It is easy to think that a junior team member may
have less to contribute than more experienced
ones.【2015浙江阅读 很容易认为有经验的团
队成员比初级团队成员做出更大的贡献。
She has contributed (several poems) to literary
magazines.【高考真句】她给文学刊物投了几首诗稿.
用法：contribute to 有助于，导致
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. 【2013山
东阅读】Pearson也做了其它决定，他相信这些决定有助于Sparrow品牌的新形象。
Your cheating conduct promoted a false sense of security and probably contributed to causing death and injury
to innocent people.【2013四川阅读】你的欺骗行为推动了一种错误的安全感，并且可能让无辜的人们
死亡和受伤。contribute的名词形式：contribution 贡献；捐赠；稿件，作品
control [kənˈtrol] vt.& n. 控制
Once you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.【2014天津】 一旦你以更
加健康的方式饮食，体重控制将会变得更加简单。
短语: be under control 被控制，受控制
It was announced that only when the fire was under control would be residents be permitted to return to their
homes.【2013江西】人们宣称：只有火势得到控制居民才可以回家。
out of control 失控
I was a bit out of control myself.【2013江苏阅读】我有点儿失控。
get/take/gain/have/keep control of/over sth 控制
By taking control of how you spend your time, you will increase your chances of becoming a more successful
student.【2013江苏阅读】通过控制使用时间方式，你将增加成为一个成功学生的可能性。
controversial [kɔntrəˈvɜːʃəl] adj. 有争议的
Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking
for other possible solutions.【2012湖北】是否该地区的建筑应该被拆除仍然有争议；人们正在寻找其
它可能的解决措施。
controversial的名词形式：controversy 争议
convenient [kənˈviːnɪənt] adj 方便的，便利的（注意convenient的主语不为人）
there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】有一个方
便的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据。
It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.【2015天津阅读】在伦敦乘地铁很方便。
convenient的名词形式：convenience [kənˈviːnɪəns] n.方便，便利
In this seaside resort, you can enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.【2012山东】在海
边度假圣地，你可以享受现代旅游的舒适与便利。
短语：at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
conventional [kənˈvenʃənəl] adj. 传统的The main purpose of the passage is to present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.【2015 广东阅读】
这篇文章的主要目的是呈现安德森的传统想法。
同义词：traditional adj. 传统的
convey [kənˈveɪ] 传递，表达；运输，运送
The passage is mainly about the power to convey information to others.【2015江西阅读】
这篇文章主要是关于向他人传递信息的力量。
The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually
understand.【2015上海】你通过语言所表达的信息也许与他人实际上理解的恰恰相反。
This train conveys both passengers and goods.【高考真句】这列火车既载人又载货.
conversation [kɔnvəˈseɪʃən] n. 谈话，交谈
Keep eye contact in conversation to build trust.【2015安徽任务型读写】在谈话中保持眼睛接触以建立信
任。
convince [kənˈvɪns] v. 使确信,使信服
用法：convince sb that …使某人相信……
Pearson argued for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants
were fun.【2013山东阅读】Pearson支持被设计来使顾客相信去Sparrow餐厅吃饭是很有趣的广告活动。
convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to
actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.【2013广东阅读】拜托消极的自我形象的最好方法就
是相信你的形象是非常客观的，并且要使你相信自己的积极品质。
convince sb to do sth 说服 （此时等同于persuade sb to do，talk sb into doing sth）
Oscar convinced the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.【2012浙江完形】奥斯卡说服经
理去看之前的售票纪录。
convince的形容词形式：convincing 令人信服的
But this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.【2015湖南阅
读】这是目前为止他们属于不同物种的最令人信服的证据。cook [kʊk] n. 厨师 v.烹调，做饭
cooker [ˈkʊkə] n. 炊具
cookie [ˈkʊkɪ] n. 小甜饼
cool [kuːl] adj. 凉的，凉爽的；酷的；v. （使）冷却，变凉
It was a cool October evening.【2015山东阅读】这是一个凉爽的十月的夜晚。
We both stared at what I believed was the coolest thing ever.【2016浙江阅读】我们盯着所认为的最酷的
事情。
When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during
the hot day.【2015全国二语法填空】当新的一天开始的时候，墙壁放出热量并且在热的天气中足够使
房屋冷却。
短语：cool down （使）冷却，变凉；冷静
The author asked the kids to get out of the car on their way back home to let them cool down.【2013天津阅
读】作者让孩子们在回家的路上下车是为了让他们冷静下来。
copy [ˈkɔpɪ] n. 抄本，副本； v. 抄写；复印；
coral [ˈkɔːrəl] n. 珊瑚，珊瑚虫
cordless [ˈkɔːdlɪs] adj. 无线的
corn [kɔːn] n. 玉米，谷物
corner [ˈkɔːnə] n.角落，拐角；
I made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office and across the railroad tracks to our house. 【2012
浙江阅读】我在街角转了个弯，经过邮局并且穿过铁路到达我们的房子。
round / around the corner 很近，在附近
With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank to buy presents for my dad.
【2015 全国作文】随着父亲节即将到来，我从银行取了些钱给爸爸买礼物。
corporation [kɔːpəˈreɪʃən] n.公司More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR).【2014上海阅
读】越来越多的大公司对CSR感兴趣。
拓展：含有“公司”之意的词：company; firm; business
correct [kəˈrekt] adj. 正确的，恰当的； vt纠正，批改
Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.【2013江苏】
只有你吃一些恰当的食物你才能保持健康。
Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer.【2015江苏阅读】
通常当老师问你一个问题的时候，正确答案只有一个。
Technology can be used to correct mistakes.【2014江西阅读】科技可以被用来纠正错误。
The following day, she would return the corrected and graded essays.【2014湖北完形】
第二天，她会将批改过的并且打上分数的试卷发给学生。
correct的名词形式：correction 修改，纠正
correspond v. [kɔrɪˈspɔnd] 相符合，一致
用法：correspond to/with 相符合，一致
Power and class do not always correspond with each other.【2013陕西阅读】权利和阶级并不总是相符。
corrupt [kəˈrʌpt] adj. 贪污的，腐败的
cost [kɔst] n.成本，费用v价格为，花费；使丧失
The cost to repair it was estimated at $800.【2016天津阅读】修理它的成本估计为800美元。
Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%.【2015四川阅读】满足这些标准将房屋
的建筑费用增加了2%。
London’s newest skyscraper is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build.【2014湖北阅
读】伦敦最新的摩天大楼叫做Shard，并且它的建造花费了4亿3千万。
A smile costs nothing, but gives much.【2014重庆完形】微笑不会让你丧失任何东西，但是却会给你带
来许多东西。
短语
at the cost of 以……为代价（此时等同于at the price of以……为代价）
People shouldn’t achieve success at the cost of life.【2013广东阅读】人们不应该以生命为代价来获取成功。
at all costs 不惜一切代价
The letter aims to remind editors that they should keep their best reporters at all costs.【2012北京阅读】这
封信旨在提醒记者他们应该不惜一切代价留下最好的记者
cosy ['kəuzi] adj.舒适的
cottage [ˈkɔtɪdʒ] n. (郊外)小屋,村舍,
cotton [ˈkɔtən] n. 棉花
cough [kɔːf] n.& vi. 咳嗽
count [kaʊnt] v. 数；数数；重要； n. 数字
The day finally came when James counted his money and found $94.32.【2014北京阅读】那一天最终到来
了，当杰姆斯数钱时发现总共有$94.32
It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.【2015天津写作】重要的是旅途而不是重点。
短语lose count （of） 数不清
He lost count of the number of cars he washed and windows he cleaned.【2014北京完形】
他数不清洗了多少车、擦了多少窗户。
keep count of 记录变化的数字
Existing pedometers（计步器）keeps count of steps by measuring sudden movement.【2012山东阅读】现
存的计步器通过测量突然的移动来记录走了多少步。
count on 依靠（同义短语：rely on, depend on）
That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency.【2015重庆完形】那是爸爸第一
次在紧急情况下依靠我。
count的形容词形式：countless adj. 数不清的，无数的
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. 【2015江苏阅读】今天，我们从无数的发明
和创新中获益。
counter [ˈkaʊntə] n. 柜台，结账处
country [ˈkʌntrɪ] n. 国家；农村
countryside [ˈkʌntrɪsaɪd] n.农村couple [ˈkʌpəl] n.两个（人或东西）；一些；一对夫妇，一对情侣 v. 结合couple with （一般用于被
动语态当中）（某物）加上（某物）
It wasn’t until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common. 【2012浙
江】正式我们在一起呆了几星期之后才发现我们有很多共同之处。
It was my habit to go to company on Saturday and spend a couple hours maintaining my truck.【2013全国
一】周六去公司花两个小时保养卡车是我的习惯。
A young couple who want to buy their own house may have to pay about $300,000.【2013安徽阅读】
一对想买自己房屋的年轻的夫妇不得不支付30万美元。
The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research, could add a fascinating new
page to the epic of the Silk Road.【2014江西阅读】结合广泛的科学历史研究，这些发现给丝绸之路的
史诗增添了迷人的新的一页。
courage[ˈkʌrɪdʒ] n.勇敢，勇气
However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. 【2015
上海】不管你面对的问题有多严重，你应该鼓起勇气面对挑战
courage的形容词形式： courageous [kəˈreɪdʒəs]adj. 勇敢的，有勇气的
She is a courageous and pioneering woman. 2014山东 他是一个勇敢的并且有开拓精神的女性。
course [kɔ:s] n. 课程；过程；时期；航线；一道菜；
She preferred taking online courses.【2016北京阅读】她跟喜欢学习网络课程。
In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single
day.【2014全国大纲阅读】据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化。
Experiments have shown that some birds can keep on course even under cloudy skies.【2015江苏任务型读
写】实验发现即便在阴天鸟也能按照既定的航线飞行。
In the United States, it is the custom to have salad(色拉) before the main course at dinner.【2014陕西阅读】
在美国，根据传统在晚餐的主菜上来之前先吃色拉
短语：
in the course of doing sth在做某事的过程中；
You will move forward in the course of finding happiness.【2013安徽作文】在发现幸福的过程中你将继
续前进。
during/in/over the course of sth 在……的过程中Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers, two of whom me greatly.【2013湖北阅读】在上
学时期我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我影响很大。
court [kɔːt] n. 法庭
courtyard [ˈkɔːtjɑːd] n. 庭院，院子
cousin [ˈkʌzn] n. 堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹
cover [ˈkʌvə] v. 遮盖；覆盖；足以支付；走（一段路程）；包含，包括；报道；占地 n.
遮盖物；遮蔽物；封面
On that afternoon, as the math teacher started to introduce difficult concepts, dark clouds covered the sky, and
the storm set in.【2013重庆完形】在那天下午，当老师开始介绍难懂的概念的时候乌云遮蔽了天空，
然后刮起了风暴。
Their shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into car.【2014江西】
他们的鞋子表面覆盖了泥土，所以我要求他们在上车之前把泥土清理干净。
People should wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.【2015广东阅读】人们应该清洗覆盖化
学物质的食物在吃之前。
Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour.【2015江西阅读】汽车在一个多小时内可以
行驶100英里。
The government will cover production costs.【2012江苏阅读】政府将支付生产的费用。
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.【2012北京阅读】基础数学课程包括算
术的每一方面。
She is covering the conference.【高考真句】她正在报道该会议。
Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practice of putting models on the cover 【2013湖南
阅读】此外，时尚杂志抛弃了将模特放在封面的做法。
Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each
designed to give them better cover from predators.【2012浙江阅读】大多数这些兔子会将毛色由冬天的
白色变为秋天的棕色，这些颜色的变化可以使他们躲避捕食者。
短语：cover up 遮盖，覆盖；隐藏
As a child, I cared much about my scars, so I 18 wore a scarf to cover them up.【2013四川完形】在我小的
时候我非常在意伤疤，所以我用头巾把他们遮盖起来。Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work.
【2014江苏阅读】在成年男人工作的公司，有时候他们不敢隐藏非法活动。
cow [kaʊ] n.奶牛
cowboy [ˈkaʊbɔɪ] n. 牛仔
co-worker [ˈkəʊ ˈwɜːkə] n.同事 同意词：colleague n. 同事
crash [kræʃ] v. n. 碰撞，撞击
Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash.【2015 福建完形】她的最好的朋友在车祸中严重受伤。
crazy [ˈkreɪzɪ] adj. 疯了的；疯狂的
The idea of humans’ walking on water is crazy and cannot become a reality.【2014重庆阅读】人在水上行
走的想法是荒唐的并且不可能实现。
He is a good friend of mine, but he is driving me crazy because he is very untidy.【2013浙江阅读】
他是我的好朋友，但是他把我逼疯了，因为他非常不爱干净。
And it turns out that Napoleon is a crazy man.【2013广东阅读】结果拿破仑是一个疯子。
短语：be crazy about 对……着迷
He was crazy about magic.【2013广东阅读】他对魔术很着迷。
crayon [ˈkreɪən] n 蜡笔；蜡笔画
cream [kriːm] n. 奶油，乳脂
create [kriːˈeɪt] vt. 创造，创建；创作
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.【2015
天津】 公司的老板努力创造一个员工们都很享受他们工作的氛围。
Music is an expression of the beings who create it.【2014北京阅读】音乐是创作人的一种表达。
create的名词形式：creation
create的形容词形式：creativecreation [kriˈeɪʃn] n. 创造，创建；作品
The designer is confident that his creation is practical.【2013山东阅读】设计师对他的作品很自信。
creative [kriˈeɪtɪv] adj. 有创造力的
Without passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.【2012上海】
没有激情的话人们就没有创造性思维所必须的动力和快乐。
creative的名词形式：creativity 创造力
But other channels of creativity stayed open...【2024年6月北京卷】但是其他创意渠道保持开放...
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity.
【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】 每个ARTS FIRST节日都是哈佛社区艺术创造力的独特年度庆典。
creature [ˈkriːtʃə] n. 生物，动物
A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. 【2024年1月九省联考】例如，一条脏污的溪流，常常在流经植物和有小生物栖息的
岩石后变得清澈。
But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.【2024年6月新课标全国甲卷】
credit n. 赊购；赞扬 v. 赞扬
But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her
competitors.【2014浙江阅读】现在学者怀疑富兰克林不仅被疾病剥夺了生命还被竞争者剥夺了荣誉
I’d seen my friends ask for credit.【2006山东完型】我看到我的朋友要赊账
credit card 信用卡
用法：credit sb/sth with sth; credit sth to sb/sth认为某人[某事物]有某事物; 把某事物归功于某人[某
事物]:
He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time.【2014湖南阅
读】在那时，他被认为是仅次于最好的德国飞行员Oswald Boelcke
Walt Disney is credited for creating such wonderful things as Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse.【2014福建
阅读】Walt Disney因为创造了诸如唐老鸭和米老鼠等角色而受到赞扬crime [kraɪm] n.罪，犯罪
criminal [ˈkrɪmɪnl] n. 罪犯
crew [kruː] n. 全体船员
criterion [kraɪˈtɪərɪən] n. 标准，准则，原则 其复数形式为：criteria
crop [krɔp] n. 庄稼
cross [krɔs] n. 十字形的东西 vt. 越过，穿过；交叉
She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods where she realized that she was lost.【2012陕西完形】
她穿过大片草地来到林地，在那儿她意识到自己迷路了。
Why did the crowd cheer when the last runner crossed the finish line?【2013广东】为什么最后一位运动员
穿过终点线的时候人群发出了欢呼声？
Robert noticed that the boy had drawn a large cross in the middle of the island.【2014全国完形】
罗伯特注意到那个小男孩画了一个大大的十字在小岛中间
短语：cross off 划掉
Why did he seriously cross it off the list?【2012四川阅读】为什么她很严肃地把它从清单上划掉？
crossing [ˈkrɔsɪŋ] n. 十字路口，人行横道
crossroads [ˈkrɔsrəʊd] n. 交叉路口
crowd [kraʊd] n.人群；一群v.聚集；挤；
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping.【2012天津阅读】
人群安静了几秒，然后一些人开始鼓掌。
Because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection, a huge crowd of possible buyers gathered for
the auction.【2012重庆阅读】因为藏品数量大、质量高，一大群可能的买家聚集在一起等待拍卖。
They crowded like a black cloud.【2015江西阅读】他们像一朵黑云一样聚集在一起。
When whales are travelling close to shore, avoid crowding them near the shore.【2013全国阅读】
当鲸鱼朝海岸游来的时候，不要将它们挤进海岸。
crowd的形容词形式：crowdedcrowded [ˈkraʊdɪd] adj. 拥挤的；
In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage.【2012北京】在像
机场和火车站这些拥挤的地方，你必须看好你的行李。
用法：be crowded with 挤满了……
My father warned me going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.【2015天津】
我的爸爸警告我不要去West Coast，因为那儿挤满了游客。
critical [ˈkrɪtɪkl] adj. 批判的；重要的
It is closely connected with critical thinking.【2015北京阅读】这与批判性思维密切相关。
Youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills.【2015上海阅读】青少年体育项目对于汽
车技能的学习至关重要。
critical的动词形式：criticize
criticize [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz] v. 批评；评论
Team members must be able to express their opinions freely without fear of being criticized.【2015浙江阅
读】团队成员必须能够自由表达他们的观点并且不害怕被批评。
The class were required to criticize that essay, or the grade of everyone in class would be reduced. 【2014湖
北完形】 学生们被要求评论那篇文章，否则班里每一个学生的分数都会减少。
用法：criticize sb for (doing) sth 因某事批评某人
反义词：praise v. 表扬
criticize的名词形式：criticism 批评；评论
cruel [kru:əl] adj残忍的；残酷的
Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing.【2012北京阅读】打猎是一个残忍的且无意义的杀戮。
In the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment: if he can't do the work, then he is no good to his
employer and he must go.【2015山东阅读】多愁善感在残酷的商业社会里没有一席之地：如果他不能
够做这份工作那么他对的雇主已经没有意义了，然后他必须离开
The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals.【2012天津阅读】罗马通过了一部禁
止残忍对待动物的法律。cruel的名词形式：cruelty [ˈkru:əlti] n. 残忍；残酷
The city of Rome has passed a new law to prevent cruelty to animals. [阅读]2012天津 罗马城通过了一部
禁止残害动物的法律。
cry [kraɪ] v. n. 哭；叫
有“哭”之意的词：sob v. 抽噎；weep v. 哭泣；sniff v. 抽鼻子（如因哭泣或感冒）
cube [kjuːb] n. 立方体
cubic [ˈkjuːbɪk] adj.立方体的，立方形的
cuisine [kwɪˈziːn] n. 饭菜，佳肴
culture [ˈkʌltʃə] n. 文化
If you come to visit China, you will experience a culture of amazing depth and variety.【2015 安徽】如果你
来到中国，你将体验到一个拥有令人惊讶的广度与深度的文化。
culture的形容词形式：cultural [ˈkʌltʃərəl] adj. 文化的
There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.【2015江西阅读】中国和希腊之间有文化交流。
cup [kʌp] n. 茶杯
cupboard [ˈkʌbəd] n. 碗柜，橱柜
cure [kjʊə] n. 治疗方法v. 治愈
Noting was able to cure the terrible pain in her back.【2012安徽阅读】 她背部的疼痛无法治愈。
Dr. Banding and his assistant are in search of a cure for diabetes.【2015福建阅读】
Banding医生和他的助手正在寻找糖尿病的治疗方法。
注意：cure与treat的区别：cure “治疗好了”；treat “治疗，未必治好了”
curious [ˈkjʊərɪəs]adj. 好奇的；奇怪的
I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kennedy in California.【2012山东阅读】我收到了来自California
的James Kennedy的一封奇怪的信件。短语：be curious about … 对……感到好奇；
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish.【2013辽宁阅读】40年来科学家一直对那条
鱼很好奇。
be curious to do对……感到好奇
Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it contained.【2013全国二】小Johnny感受到了那个包
裹，很想知道里面装有什么。
curious的名词形式：curiosity [ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti] n. 好奇，好奇心
They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries. 2014浙
江 他们帮助我们更好地理解了科学课程并且唤起了我们对科学发现的好奇心。
currency [ˈkʌrənsɪ] n. 货币
current [ˈkʌrənt] adj. 现在的，当前的
...moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.【2024年6月新课标
全国Ⅱ卷】...从当前的“窄人工智能”时代过渡到人工智能通用智能。
Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis.【2013上海阅读】有3个措施可以缓解当前的食物危机。
同义词：present adj. 现在的
curriculum [kəˈrɪkjʊləm] n.（学校的）课程 其复数形式为： curricula 或 curriculums
同义词：course n. 课程
curtain [ˈkɜːtən] n. 窗帘
cushion [ˈkʊʃ(ə)n] n. 垫子
custom [ˈkʌstəm] n.风俗，习俗；个人习惯
In the United States, it is the custom to have salad before the main course at dinner. [阅读]2014陕西 在美国，
根据传统在晚餐的主菜上来之前先吃色拉
It was her custom to rise early.【高考真句】她习惯早起。
customs [ˈkʌstəmz] n. 海关，关税
I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal-made buttons out ofmy case in the arrivals hall.【2012湖北阅读】因为在到达大厅拿出了带有金属纽扣的羊毛衫，我被海关
官员拦了下来。
cut [kʌt] v. 削减，减少；切，割，剪；
They have cut car emissions to the lowest.【2014全国大纲阅读】 他们减少汽车尾气的排放到最低。
In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 【2015天
津】在我的家乡，当所有的小麦被收割之后农民会被请吃晚饭。
短语：cut in 插嘴
Jessica cut in.【2015江西阅读】 Jessica插嘴了。
cut down 减少；砍到；
My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking, but at least he has cut down.【2015陕西】我的叔叔不能够戒烟，
但是至少他减少了吸烟。
He started cutting down trees to sell the wood.【2015广东语法填空】 他开始砍树去卖木头。
cut off 切断，切掉
Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off from the outside world.【2013山东】最后
他们到达了一个与外界完全切断联系的孤岛。
cycle [ˈsaɪkl] n. 循环（周期）；自行车 v. 循环；骑自行车
【真句】After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next
growth cycle started.【2024年6月新课标全国Ⅱ卷】收获后，用户只需用一个新的预先播种的容器替
换植物，即可开始下一个生长周期。
The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.【2015湖南阅读】 政府在马路上修建
了自行车道，但是它很少被用。
So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology.【2015江苏阅读】 所以我们
必须改变荒野的生命周期以使生态得到平衡。
When Alice started to cycle home from Jenny’s house, she wasn’t nervous.【2015江西完形】当爱丽丝开始
从珍妮家骑自行车回家的时候，他一点都不紧张。
cycle作动词时的名词形式：cyclist[ˈsaɪklɪst] 骑自行车的人
cab [kæb] n. 出租车 同义词：taxicabbage [ˈkæbɪdʒ] n. 卷心菜，
café [ˈkæfeɪ] n. 咖啡馆； 餐馆
cafeteria [kæfɪˈtɪərɪə] n. 自助餐厅
cage [keɪdʒ] n 笼；鸟笼
cake [keɪk] n. 蛋糕，饼
高考核心词汇与练习---C
1. calm v. 使平静 a. 镇静的；风平浪静的
(1) He is terribly excited. We must try _____________.
他太激动了，我们必须想办法使他平静下来。
【答案】to calm him down
(2) Please keep _____ while I take a photograph of you.
A. still B. calm C. quiet D. silent
【答案】 答案 A解析：句意：当我给你照相时，请不要动。keep still“保持静止不动”。
(3) Do keep _____ in an emergency, or things will get even worse.
A. calm B. still C. quiet D. silent
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：在遇到紧急情况时一定要保持镇定，否则情况会更糟。keep
calm“保持镇定”。
2. case n. 具体情况；事例；案件
(1) Keep the windows closed in case it _____________ (rain).
【答案】rains / (should) rain
(2) Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow _____ I forget.
A. though B. so that C. in case D. until【答案】答案 C解析：句意：请明天再次提醒我关于开会的事，以防我忘了。in case“以防万一”，
符合句意。
(3) There are some cases _____ this rule does not hold good.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
【答案】答案D解析：句意：在某些情况下，这条规则不适用。case为先行词时，如果定语从句中
不缺少主干成分，要用where引导定语从句。
3. charge n. 要价；收费；指控；主管；责任v. 收（费）；要价；控告；充电
(1) The policeman charged the driver ________ speeding.警察指控那个司机超速驾驶。
【答案】with
( 2) Would you please give us an example ______ your opinion on “Two Olympic, Equal Splendor”?
A. in charge of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in honor of
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：请你给我们举个例子来支持你的观点好吗？in charge of“掌管”；
in need of“需要”；in favor of“支持”；in honor of“纪念”。由句意可知C项正确。
(3) The hotel ______ 50 yuan for a room for the night.
A. offered B. charged C. paid D. gave
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：旅馆住一晚一间房要价50元。charge“要价，收费”，符合题意。
4. classify v. 将……分类；将……归类
(1) The specimens were then classified _________ four groups.标本被分为四组。
【答案】into
(2) Patients are classified ______ three categories.
A. to B. in C. at D. into
【答案】答案 D解析：考查固定短语sth. be classified into“把……分为几类”。
5. command v. 命令；指挥；应得，博得；拥有 n. 掌握；运用能力
(1) Applicants will be expected _____________________(精通) English.
【答案】to have a good command of
(2) The director commanded that everyone _______ his advice.
A. must follow B. followed C. had followed D. follow
【答案】答案 D解析：command后跟的从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）do。
(3) In order to have a good _____ of English, he resigned and went abroad.
A. command B. need C. master D. direction
【答案】答案 A解析：考查固定短语have a good command of“精通；掌握”。
6. comment n. 议论；评论 v. 表达意见；评论
( 1) I don’t feel I can comment ________ their decision.我觉得我无法对他们的决定作出评论。【答案】on
(2) —Anything to say about the latest talk between the two countries?
—_________
A. No comment! B. Nothing to say. C. I beg your pardon? D. Go ahead.
【答案】答案 A 解析：句意：—对两国之间最近的会谈有要说的吗？—无可奉告。No
comment!“无可奉告。”Nothing to say.“没有东西要说。”I beg your pardon?“请再说一遍。”Go
ahead.“用吧，使吧。”
(3) He handed me the document without ______.
A. recommend B. comment C. help D. ability
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：他未作任何解释就把文件给了我。comment“解释，评论”，符合题
意。
7. concern n. 担心；忧虑；关心 v. 影响；涉及；担忧
(1) He asked several questions __________(concern) the future of the company.
【答案】concerning
(2) What the public is ______ about is whether medical workers and scientists will be able to find a cure for
this new disease in a short time.
A. concerning B. concern C. concerned D. to concern
【答案】答案 C解析：此题考查短语be concerned about，意为“担心；担忧”。
(3) The story that follows ______ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.
A. concerns B. states C. proclaims D. relates
【答案】答案 A解析：concern意为“涉及，与……有关”。题意：下面这个故事涉及落基山淘
金时期的两位名人。relate后面须跟有介词to。
8. conduct v. 组织；安排；指挥；举止；表现 n. 行为；举止
(1) He conducted ___________(he) far better than expected
【答案】himself
(2) A long-term study _____ by the medical school shows that babies of smoking mothers will be less healthy
than those of nonsmoking mothers.
A. performed B. undergone C. managed D. conducted
【答案】答案 D解析：“由……主持、进行工作”，用conduct，conduct有“组织，指挥”的意
思。A、B、C不与study搭配。
(3) The agreement doesn’t allow you to _____ business from your home.
A. make B. conduct C. afford D. arrange【答案】答案 B解析：conduct one’s business“管理生意”，符合题意。
9. confirm v. 证实；证明；确认
(1) He was confirmed ________ captain for the rest of the season.他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的时间
内担任队长。
【答案】as
(2) A good citizen is expected to ____ to the law of his country.
A. obey B. conform C. face D. confirm
【答案】答案 B解析：conform意为“遵守；符合”，后常接介词to。题意：一个公民应当
遵守国家的法律。
(3) Please bring something with you that _____ your identity.
A. confirms B. says C. explains D. desires
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：请带上能证明你身份的东西。confirm“证明；证实”，符合题
意。
10. congratulate v. 祝贺
(1) ________________(congratulate) on your happy marriage!
【答案】Congratulations
(2) The two sportsmen congratulated each other _____ winning the match by shaking hands.
A. with B. on C. in D. to
【答案】答案 B解析：考查固定短语congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.“祝贺某人（做）某事”。
(3)—Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend. I’m sure we will win.
—______!
A. Congratulations B. Cheer up C. Best wishes D. Good luck
【答案】答案 D解析：从对方的谈话中可知将要在周末进行比赛，因此应祝对方好运，用
“Good luck!”。congratulation 用于向对方表示祝贺；cheer up“振奋点”，用于鼓励对方；best
wishes用于祝愿对方。
11. consult v. 咨询；请教；商量；查阅；参看
(1) He consulted _______ his partners _______ the investment.他与合伙人商量那项投资。
【答案】with ; about
(2) I think we need to see an investment _____ before we make an expensive mistake.
A. guide B. thinker C. consultant D. lawyer
【答案】答案 C 解析：题意为：我认为我们需要请教投资顾问，以避免犯代价昂贵的错误。
consultant“顾问”，符合题意。(3) Remember that customers don’t ______ about prices in that city.
A. debate B. consult C. discuss D. bargain
【答案】答案 D 解析：句意：记住在那个城市里的顾客是不讨价还价的。bargain
about…“就……讨价还价”。
12. contain v. 包含；容纳；控制；克制
(1) The others were fed a normal diet, _________(contain) 20% protein.
【答案】containing
(2) Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ______.
A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：小约翰摸了一下袋子，想知道里面装着什么东西。collect“收集”；
contain“含有，装有”；load“装载”；save“节省”。
(3) Vegetables ______ many kinds of vitamins and many other useful materials. So we must eat them
______.
A. include; everyday B. contain; everyday
C. including; every day D. contain; every day
【答案】答案 D解析：everyday是形容词，意为“每日的；日常的”，多作定语；every day为名词
短语，在句子中作状语；contain意思是“包含，含有”，多指含有的成分；include侧重于某一部分
也包括在某一整体内。
13. content n. 内容；所含之物；目录v. 满足；满意 a. 满意；满足
(1) He got a new job in a hotel and he was content _______ it.他在一家旅馆里得到了一份新工作并对
此很满意。
【答案】with
(2) Those who are _____ their present situations will surely make no more advances in life.
A. content to B. satisfied of C. pleased to D. content with
【答案】答案 D解析：be content with表示“对……感到满意”。句意：那些满足现状的人不会取
得更大的进步。
(3) Is he really content ______ that little earning? Or can he get some extra pay?
A. to B. with C. for D. at
【答案】答案 B解析：考查固定短语be content with“对……满意”。
14. contribute v. 捐献；捐助；是……的原因；投稿
(1) Would you like to make a __________(contribute) to the hospital building fund?
【答案】contribution(2) To be honest, my carelessness ______ a lot to my failure.
A. contributed B. donated C. provided D. offered
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我的粗心大意。contribute to“导致”，
符合题意。
(3) I’m sure your suggestion will ______ the problem.
A. contribute to solving B. be contributed to solve
C. contribute to solve D. be contributed to solving
【答案】答案 Ａ解析：contribute to表示“有助于，促成”，其中to为介词，后面要用名词或动
名词。句意为：我相信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
15. convenience n. 方便；便利；便利的事物
(1) Yesterday I received an email from my former teacher. He asked me if it would be ___________(方便
的) for him to come to my home this weekend. Of course I replied to him quickly that he could come
________________(在他方便时). Besides, I told him that __________________(如果方便的话), I’d
like to pay him a visit because it was really convenient to go to Beijing nowadays.
【答案】convenient ; at his convenience ; if convenient
(2) Come and see me whenever _______.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient D. it will be convenient to you
【答案】答案 C解析：convenient作表语时，主语不能是人，可用it is convenient for / to sb.结构。
Ｄ项时态错。
(3) Our new house is very _____ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.
A. adaptable B. comfortable C. convenient D. Available
【答案】答案 C解析：题意为：我们的新居很便利，从家到办公室只需5分钟。convenient“方便
的”，符合题意。
16. convey v. 表达，传递；传送；运输
(1) Please convey my best wishes _______ her. 请向她转达我最美好的祝愿。
【答案】to
(2) As a teacher, he knows exactly how to ______ his ideas to the students.
A. convey B. display C. consult D. confront
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：作为老师，他确切地知道怎样向学生表达他的想法。convey“传达，
表达”符合句意。display“陈列，展示”；consult“咨询，查阅”；confront“面对”。(3) During the conference the speaker tried to ______ his feelings concerning the urgency of a favorable
decision.
A. give B. pass C. imply D. convey
【答案】答案 D解析：题意：在会上，这个发言者试图表达他关于作出赞成决定的迫切性的看法。
convey one’s feelings“传达感情”，符合题意。
17. convince v. 使确信；使信服；说服，劝说
(1) I _______________(相信) his innocent.
【答案】am convinced of
(2) Scientists are convinced _____ the positive effect of laughter _____ physical and mental health.
A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。Be convinced of“坚信，深
信”；effect常与on连用，意为“对……的影响”。以上两个均属于固定搭配。
(3) The politician’s speech ______ the others that he was the man for the job.
A. informed B. convinced C. reminded D. warned
【答案】答案 B解析：convince sb. that从句，意为“使某人承认或信服……”。A、Ｃ、Ｄ三项
分别为“通知”“提醒”“警告”。
18. cure v. 治愈，治好；改正 n. 治疗；疗程
(1) It’s the only possible cure __________ our chronic trade deficit.这是解决我们长期贸易赤字唯一可
行的对策。
【答案】for
(2) I hope the doctor can _____ the pain in my shoulder, but they haven’t found an effective cure.
A. cure B. treat C. test D. examine
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：我希望医生能治好我的肩膀的痛，但是他们还没找到有效的治疗办
法。cure“治好”；treat“治疗”，不强调结果。故A正确。
(3) If I take this medicine twice a day, it should _____ my cold.
A. recover B. heal C. restore D. cure
【答案】答案 D解析：cure“治疗”，尤指用药物治愈疾病。题意为：假如这种药我一天吃两次，
它就可以治愈我的感冒。Heal着重指“治好外伤或烧伤后的患部，使伤口愈合”，不用于治感冒等疾
病。
19. cause n. 原因；起因；事业；目标 v. 造成；引起
(1) The major cause ___________ these accidents is drivers going too fast.
【答案】(2) The police asked her the ______ for her visit.
A. cause B. reason C. story D. thing
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：警察查问他来访的原因。the reason后跟for，the cause后跟of。
(3) Mrs. Green has no cause ______ fear.
A. at B. on C. for D. about
【答案】答案 C解析：考查固定短语have no cause for“没有理由……”。
20. certain a. 确定的；无疑的 pron. 某些；一些
(1) _________________(在一定程度上), we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
【答案】To a certain extent
(2) It’s almost _____ that he will lose the next election.
A. certain B. sure C. confident D. accurate
【答案】答案 A解析：sure不能用于It’s certain that…结构中。confident“确信的”，一般是指某人
对自己或某事获得成功抱有不可动摇的信心；accurate“准确的”。
(3) I think I met her in 1985, but I can’t say _______ certain.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
【答案】答案 D解析：句意：我想我是在1985年见到她的，但不敢肯定。for certain为固定搭配，
意为“肯定地”。
21. claim v. 宣称；断言；要求 n. 声明；宣称
(1) I don’t claim ______________ (be) an expert.
【答案】to be
(2) A wallet has been found and can be _____ at the manager’s office.
A. claimed B. announced C. declared D. cheered
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：钱包已找到，可到经理办公室认领。claim意为“根据权利要求，
认领”。
(3) This hotel ______ $ 60 for a single room with bath.
A. claims B. demands C. prices D. charges
【答案】答案 D解析：句意：带浴缸的单人房，这家旅馆收费60美元。charge“要价，收费”，符
合题意。
22. common a. 常见的；通常的；共有的；共同的
(1) Britain, ________________(和……一样) many other industrialized countries, has experienced major
changes over the last 100 years.
【答案】in common with
(2) Yesterday morning he got up earlier than ______; for it was not a(n) ______ day.A. common; usual B. usual; ordinary C. usual; normal D. common; ordinary
【答案】答案 B解析：“比平常早”应该为earlier than usual；“普通的日子”应用ordinary。
(3) Catching a cold is ______ to children.
A. normal B. common C. frequent D. similar
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：感冒对孩子来说是常见的事。“常见的，平常的”应用 common来
表达。
23. compare v. 比较；对比
(1) __________(compare) with / to many people, she was indeed very fortunate.
【答案】Compared
(2) He compares books _____ friends.
A. with B. to C. at D. upon
【答案】答案 B解析：作“与……比较”解时，多用compare … with，作“把……比作”解时，
只能用compare … to。句意：他把书比作朋友。
(3) _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.
A. When compared B. To compare C. While comparing D. It compared
【答案】答案 A解析：原句为：When it is compared with the size of the whole earth, the highest
mountain doesn’t seem high at all.因此可以保留连接词when，然后省去相同的主语，用过去分词表被动。
24. concentrate v. 集中；聚精会神
(1) We must concentrate our efforts ________ improving education.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。
【答案】on
(2) The students can’t _____ their studies when they are tired.
A. insist on B. consist of C. persist in D. concentrate on
【答案】答案 D解析：句意：学生们累了的时候不能集中精力学习。concentrate on“集中精力
于……”，符合题意。
(3) If you don’t ______ more ______ your work, you’ll lose the job.
A. concentrate; on B. concentrate; at C. pay; to D. fix; on
【答案】答案 A解析：concentrate sth. on sth.“专心致志于某事”。
25. conclude v. 断定；推断；结束，终止
(1) We came to the ______________(conclude) that he was against our plan.
【答案】conclusion
( 2) —Ann seems to be upset. What’s up?
—She _____ from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.
A. includes B. concludes C. suggests D. contains【答案】答案 B 解析：她根据电话中的声音断定母亲对她的考试成绩不满意。conclude
from…“从……推断”。
(3) We have come to the conclusion ______ the company has been making great progress these months.
A. which B. that C. as D. what
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：我们已得出结论：公司这几个月取得了巨大的进步。that引导同位
语从句，说明conclusion的内容。
26. condemn v. 谴责；指责；宣判；判处
(1) We condemned him __________ his bad conduct.我们因为他行为不良而指责他。
【答案】for
(2) Her lack of knowledge _____ her to do the kind of work that needs strength.
A. condemns B. makes C. orders D. conducts
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：缺乏知识使他不得不做这种需要力气的活。“condemn sb. to do sth.
迫使某人做……”。
(3) The judge condemned the criminal _____ all his life in prison.
A. to spend B. spending C. to spending D. spent
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：法官宣判罪犯终生监禁。condemn sb. to sth. / to do sth.“宣判……”。
27. condition n. 状态；状况；环境；境况；条件；疾病
(1) They agreed to lend us the car ________________(条件是) we returned it before the weekend.
【答案】on condition that
(2) Keep your car in good ______ and it will drive long.
A. instruction B. position C. condition D. situation
【答案】答案 C解析：“处于……状况”，只能用condition；Ｂ项意为“职位，位置”，为可数
名词；Ｄ项意为“形势，情况”，与题意不符。
(3) Children can grow healthily _____ good ______.
A. under; conditions B. in; condition C. on; conditions D. at; condition
【答案】答案 A解析：“在……环境下”用under …. conditions。
28. curious a. 好奇的
(1) She did that just out of ___________(curious).
【答案】curiosity
(2) If you are ______ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr. Johnson.
A. interested B. anxious C. upset D. curious
【答案】答案 D解析：“对……好奇”，be curious about。
(3) ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.A. So anxious were the couple B. So curious were the couple
C. Such eager the couple were D. The couple were such curious
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：那对夫妇对野生植物那么好奇以致于他们决定去 Madagascar作进一
步的研究。“so +形容词（副词）”放在句首时，句子要用倒装形式。
29. cast v. 投射；投；抛
(1) We were cast ____________ on an island without food or water.我们因船只失事而漂流到了一个孤
岛上，没有食物也没有水。
【答案】away
(2) I _____ an eye round the room but saw nothing unusual.
A. threw B. moved C. cast D. tossed
【答案】答案 Ｃ解析：句意：我迅速环顾四周，没有发现异常。“cast an eye round…环顾四周”。
30. combine v. 结合；组合；联合；合并
(1) The firm is working on a new product in ______________(combine) with several overseas partners.
【答案】combination
(2) The man who thought of ______ a gas engine with wheels was the inventor of automobiles.
A. comparing B. combining C. competing D. communicating
【答案】答案 B解析：combine … with…“把……和……结合起来”。
( 3) If your knowledge can be in some way _____ with my experiences, we are sure to succeed.
A. joined B. united C. connected D. combined
【答案】答案 D解析：句意：如果你的知识和我的经验结合起来，我们一定会成功。connect表示
“连接，结合”，指两事物在某些方面有关联，但各自保持自己的特点和独立性，可用于具体事物或
抽象概念。unite指许多的个体由于共同的目的或性质结合成一个大的集体。combine强调通过混合或
结合产生一个新产品的过程中每个个体的特性也随之消失，多用于抽象或无形的东西。join表示“连
接，结合”，强调原来是分享的东西，现在连接或联合在一起。
31. compete v. 竞争；对抗
(1) As the youngest ________( 参赛者), John had to compete _________ the writing contest
___________ 30 other top students for the annual award of writing. So he must be very
_______________ (有竞争力的) so that he could win in the ___________ (比赛).
【答案】competitor ; in ; with / against ;competitive ; competition
( 2) More than 10,000 competitors from the world came to Beijing to compete _____ each other _______
medals in 2008.
A. for; against B. against; with C. with; for D. for; with【答案】答案 C解析：句意：在2008年，来自世界各地的10000名运动员来北京为争夺奖牌而竞
争。Compete with / against sb. for sth.“为争夺某物与某人竞争”，所以第一空可填 against或
with，而第二空只能填for。
(3) We can’t _____other countries if we don’t develop our national economy.
A. compete for B. compete against C. catch up D. keep up
【答案】答案 B解析：“和……竞争”是compete against / with。
32. complain v. 抱怨；发牢骚
(1) We received a lot of _________ (complain) from customers about the lack of parking facilities.
【答案】complaints
(2) She left early, ______ of a headache.
A. complained B. complaining C. to complain D. having complained
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：她说自己头疼，很早就离开了。complaining作伴随状语。
(3) He _____ to me about the food.
A. complained B. pretended C. regretted D. complaint
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：他向我抱怨饮食。考查固定短语complain to sb. about sth.“向某人抱
怨……”。
33. compromise n. 妥协；折中；和解v. 妥协，折中，让步
(1) The dispute was settled ________ compromise.那项争端以妥协解决。
【答案】by
(2) We had so many disagreements, but we compromised _____ the last point.
A. at B. of C. on D. for
【答案】答案 C解析：compromise on“就……妥协”。
(3) The deal is the compromise ______ your needs and their demands.
A. on B. between C. at D. with
【答案】答案 B解析：compromise between … and…“在……和……之间妥协”。
34. consequence n. 结果；后果；重要性
(1) This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and ___________(consequence) to human
health.
【答案】consequently
(2) The young athlete hurt his foot in the race. ______, he missed the chance to get the gold medal.
A. Consequently B. Unfortunately C. Absolutely D. Interestingly
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：这个年轻的运动员比赛中伤了脚，结果，他错过了得金牌的机会。
consequently“因此，结果”，符合题意。(3) ______ your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
A. With a view to B. In the face of
C. In protest against D. In consequence of
【答案】答案 D解析：句意：因为你工作差，所以我被迫解雇你。in consequence of“因为，由
于……”，符合句意。in the face of “面对”；with a view to“抱着做某事的希望”；in protest
against“反对”。
35. consider v. 仔细考虑；细想；认为；以为
(1) We were considering _________ (buy) a new car.
【答案】buying
(2) That _____ surprising in the past.
A. were considered B. are considered
C. had been considered D. would have been considered
【答案】答案 D解析：从in the past可知，不能选择B、C，但可用was considered；would have
been considered是if虚拟语气句中的主句，表示同过去事实相反，该句省略了if从句。
(3) —Is your brother going camping?
—He’s signed up but he’s considering ______.
A. not to go B. not going C. won’t go D. not to
【答案】答案 B解析：consider作“考虑”解，后跟动名词。
36. count v. 数数；计算；重要；认为；看作
(1) I count him ___________ my closest friend.我把他看作最亲密的朋友。
【答案】as
(2) The manage needs an assistant that he can _____ to take care of problems in his absence.
A. count on B. count in C. count up D. count out
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：经理需要一位助手，以便不在时由他处理问题。Count on“依靠，指
望”，相当于 depend on；count in“将……算进去”；count up“将……加起来”；count
out“把……不算进去”。
(3) You’re late but you’re her and that’s what _______.
A. expects B. counts C. hopes D. required
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：你迟到了，但你毕竟来了，这才是最重要的。Count“重要”，符合题
意。如用A、C、D，则用被动语态。
37. cover v. 盖上；包括；报道；支付；走完
(1) The exhibition _______________(占地) 1,000 square metres.【答案】covers an area of
(2) —How did you know the surprising news?
—I happened _____ the event then.
A. to cover B. to be covering C. covering D. to have covered
【答案】答案 B解析：happen后面不跟不定式，排除C项。从上下文语境看，“我”碰巧在（现
场）报道那件事，所以对那条惊人的信息自然是知晓的，所以选用不定式进行式。
(3) During the Olympic Games, journalists from all over the world came to ______ the event.
A. watch B. remember C. cover D. enjoy
【答案】答案 C解析：cover意为“报道”。
38. custom n. 风俗，习俗；习惯
(1) On Wednesday evening, , he went down to the village.每逢星期三的晚上，他都要到村里去，这是
他的习惯。
【答案】 as was his custom
(2) When you are abroad, you find it’s difficult to get used to other country’s _______.
A. customs B. habits C. practice D. instructions
【答案】答案 A解析：句意为“风俗习惯”，因此用customs。
(3) The normal ______ in this country is to send the bill as soon as the job is done.
A. custom B. practice C. customs D. direction
【答案】答案 B解析：题意：这家公司的常规作法是工作一完成就开账单收钱。practice意为
“商业或法律上的常规作法”。
39．consist of由……组成(无进行时，也无被动语态)
(1)The brain consists ______ “grey matter” and “white matter”．
(2) True education does not consist _________simply teaching facts.
【答案】(1)of ; (2)in
(3)The world seven continents and four oceans.
A．makes up of B．makes out of
C．is consisted of D．consists of
【答案】答案 D
解析 句意为：世界由七大洲和四大洋组成。consist of由……组成，不能用于被动语态；A项应为be
made up of结构；B项不对。故选D项。
(4)The summer camp group， 30 students，will start for South Korea and stay there for threeweeks.
A．consisted in B．consisted of
C．consisting of D．consisting in
【答案】答案 C
解析 此处意为：由30名学生组成；consist of由……组成，且无被动形式。
40．come up with提出；想出；赶上
(1)Many experts in the meeting _____________(提出) a lot of solutions to the environmental problems.
(2) _________(快点)！Let’s race to the end of the road.
【答案】(1) came up with (2) Come on
(2)This was a really difficult question，but a little boy a good answer.
(2011·汉中八校联考)
A．came up to B．came out
C．came up with D．came round
【答案】答案 C
解析 come up with想出，找到(答案、办法等)；come up to达到；come out出来；come round改变观
点。
(3)The scientists are beating their brains trying to with a solution to the problem.
A．end up B．come up
C．catch up D．put up
【答案】答案 B
解析 come up with想出。句意为：科学家们绞尽脑汁，争取想出解决那个问题的方法。
41．change...into...把……变成……；把……换成……
(1)Water can be changed ________ steam if we heat it.
(2) I’d like to change this dress _______ one in a larger size.
【答案】(1)into (2)for
(3)—Hurry up！No time to .
—No.I can’t wear such a dress in the party.A．dress yourself B．get changed
C．make up D．have a meal
【答案】答案 B
解析 由下句“我不能在晚会上穿这样一条裙子”可知，此处应是“换衣服”；get changed换装，符
合句意。
(4)—The shirt I bought is too small.Could you give me the money back?
—Sorry.But you can change it a larger one.
A．into B．with C．for D．through
【答案】答案 C
解析 由语境可知，此处指“退换”，即用小的换大的，change...for...用……换……，符合句意。
42．come on 加油(表鼓励)；过来；别装腔；得了吧；降临
(1)—I failed in the English examination.
— .You’ll succeed as long as you work hard.
A．Not at all B．Come on
C．It’s not your fault D．Bad luck
【答案】答案 B
解析 由所给句子可知，此处是用以鼓励对方，故选come on加油，振作起来。
(2)—How are you at school?
—I have made great progress.
A．studying hard B．working at
C．getting on D．living on
【答案】答案 C
解析 由下句可知，上句意为：你在学校学习情况怎样？get on意为“进展，进行”，符合句意。
43．care about关心；介意；在乎；忧虑；惦念
(1)Although he has a lot of money，he doesn’t care _______ his clothes.
(2) I made the choice to withdraw from college to care _______ her.
【答案】(1)about (2)for(3)Can you imagine that the CEO of Pu Tian Software Company doesn’t dress?
A．call for B．apply for
C．care about D．allow for
【答案】答案 C
解析 由句意可知，此处应是“不在意、不关心服装”；care about关心；介意，符合句意。
(4)After the earthquake，the injured were cared in the local hospitals or taken by air to the
hospitals in the neighbouring cities.
A．of B．for C．after D．with
【答案】答案 B
解析 此处指受伤的人在当地医院被照料。care for照顾，照看，符合句意。
44．cut down砍倒；削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)；驳倒
(1)He was asking $500 for the car，but we cut ________ to $300.
(2) I wish Marie would stop cutting ______ on our conversation all the time.
(3) The electricity company is threatening to cut us __________.
【答案】(1)down (2) in (3)off
(4)If you don’t your smoking，I will your supply.
A．cut up；cut down B．cut down；cut off
C．cut in；cut off D．cut in；cut up
【答案】答案 B
解析 句意为：如果你不减少抽烟，我将中断供应。cut down削减；cut off切断，中断。
(5)Before we can print this book，you will have to all the dirty words.
A．cut back B．cut off
C．cut out D．cut down
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：在我们印刷这本书之前，你必须先把那些脏话删掉。cut out是固定词组，意为“删掉，
删除”。
45．come to power开始执政，当权，上台
(1)The organization _________(上台) after a long period of fight.(2) The situation is ___________(超出我们的能力) to control.
【答案】(1) came to power (2) beyond our power
(3)What political party in France currently?
A．came to power B．comes into power
C．is in power D．was put into power
【答案】答案 C
解析 由句中currently“目前”可知，句中动词应表状态。be in power在执政，符合句意。
(4)He for ten years but she still doesn’t want to leave office.
A．has been in power B．has come to power
C．took office D．came into power
【答案】答案 A
解析 由句中时间段ten years可知动词应是状态动词的完成时。be in power表状态，come to power表
动作，故选A项。
46．come to an end结束
(1) It’s time to _________(结束) the meeting.
(2)But ___________(最后)，after three encores(加演)，the show finished.
【答案】(1) put an end to (2)in the end
(3)We have to wait until the discussion between them .
A．makes an end B．comes to an end
C．puts an end D．brings to an end
【答案】答案 B
解析 句意为：我们不得不等到他们讨论结束。只有B项和discussion之间为主谓关系。
(4)The people who love peace do think that it is time the violent conflicts in Libya .
A．come to an end B．put to an end
C．came to an end D．bring to an end
【答案】答案 C解析 本题考查It is time that...句型。在此句型中，that引导的从句常用过去时表示虚拟语气。
A项时态不正确；put an end to sth./bring sth.to an end均为及物动词短语，应该用被动语态，故选C项。
47．catch on (思想、服饰等)受……的欢迎，(在……中)流行，(被……)接受(with sb.)；理解，了解
(to sth.)；挂住
(1)The new fashion didn’t catch on ________ the teenagers.
(2) Being a foreigner，Carl did not catch on ______ the joke. 卡尔是个外国人，不了解这个笑话的
含意。
【答案】(1) with (2) to
(3)The teacher explained the question slowly and carefully so that the student could .
A．rely on B．get on
C．put on D．catch on
【答案】答案 D
解析 catch on 理解。
(4)Being sick last week，I missed some lessons，but I’ll try to the others.
A．catch on to B．catch up with
C．catch on D．catch up
【答案】答案 B
解析 catch up with sb.赶上某人。
48．come true实现；成为
(1)How did it come ________ (发生) that you were late for half an hour?
(2) His new book did not come _________ (达到) expectation.
【答案】(1) about (2) up to
(3)I’ve always dreamt of going to the college，and now it has .
A．come true B．come truly
C．got it D．been come true
【答案】答案 A解析 句意为：我一直梦想着去上大学，现在梦想成真了。come true无被动形式。
(4)—Have you some new ideas?
—Yeah.I’ll tell you later.
A．come about B．come into
C．come up with D．come out with
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：——你想出了什么新想法吗？——噢，以后我会告诉你的。come up with想出，
提出，符合句意，故C项正确。
49．cater for满足……的要求；为……提供食物；投合，迎合
(1)They only publish novels which _________ the mass market.
(2)Our newspapers try to cater _________ all opinions. 我们的报纸试图满足各种观点的要求。
【答案】(1) cater for (2) for / to
(3)Varieties of programmes in the TV station many different types of interests and tastes
among the public.
A．cater to B．appeal to
C．apply to D．adjust to
【答案】答案 A
解析 考查动词短语。句意为：电视台安排了各种节目来满足公众很多不同类型的兴趣和爱好。
cater to满足需要或要求；appeal to吸引；apply to运用于，适用于；adjust to使适合于；调整以适用。
(4)—My son is always falling behind others and he can’t follow his teachers.
—He can go to Yucai School，which all ability ranges.
A．calls for B．caters for
C．cares for D．struggles for
【答案】答案 B
解析 从句句意为：育才中学对不同水平的人都适合。cater for满足需要。
50．correspond with与……通信；与……相一致；与……相符(1)Your account of events does not correspond ________ hers.
(2)The American Congress corresponds _______ the British Parliament.
【答案】(1) with (2) to
(3)While fighting for our benefits，we must bring our ideas into with the laws of nature.
A．correspondence B．conflict
C．contract D．relations
【答案】答案 A
解析 句意为：当我们为利益奋斗的时候，我们必须使我们的想法与自然规律相一致。
correspondence with与……相一致。
(4)We’ve with each other for years but I’ve never actually met him.How I wish I could see
him during my stay in Beijing！ (2011·山东五大名校联考)
A．compared B．agreed
C．exchanged D．corresponded
【答案】答案 D
解析 由句意可知，应是“我们已相互通信多年”，correspond with...与……通信。
51．carry on继续；坚持
(1)After he left，I just tried to carry _________ as usual.
(2)Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry ________ (执行) the project？
(3)Now I am going to carry you ________ (把……带回去).
【答案】(1) on (2) out (3) back
(4)The meal over，the managers went back to the meeting room to their discussion.
A．put away B．take down
C．look over D．carry on
【答案】答案 D
解析 carry on their discussion继续他们的交谈。
(5)It is difficult for us to a conversation with all this noise around us.(2010·长春统考)
A．carry on B．account for
C．bring up D．get across
【答案】答案 A
解析 句意为：周围那么大的噪音，要继续谈话很难。carry on sth.继续某事。
52．cast down使沮丧；使不愉快
(1)She was by her husband’s sudden death and loss of her pet dog.
A．cast down B．cast away
C．cast off D．cast aside
【答案】答案 A
解析 句意为：丈夫的突然死去和失去宠物狗使她很沮丧。be cast down沮丧。
(2)If you are always by such kind of failure，you will never succeed.
A．turned down B．cast down
C．made down D．put down
【答案】答案 B
解析 be cast down沮丧，不愉快。
53．catch sight of看见……；发现……
(1)I lose sight of (看不见) some beggars in rags on the street.
The little bird was soon out of sight (看不见).
【答案】
(2)At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was .
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
【答案】答案 A
解析 be out of sight看不见。句意为：在火车站，妈妈向女儿挥手告别，直到火车看不见为止。(3)There was nobody when the man came round the corner.
A．out of sight B．at sight
C．lose sight D．in sight
【答案】答案 D
解析 句意为：当这个人拐过墙角的时候，没有看到任何人。in sight看得见，视野之内。
54．come about 发生；造成
(1) The driver wouldn’t tell me ________ the accident came about.
【答案】how
(2)It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
【答案】答案 C
解析 由句意“已经10点了。我很纳闷这么短的行程她怎么迟到了两个小时。”可知应选 C
项。
(3)—Have you some new ideas?
—Yeah，I’ll tell you later.
A．come about B．come into
C．come up with D．come out with
【答案】答案 C
解析 come up with some new ideas提出一些新想法。
55．come across(偶然)遇见；碰见
(1)If you any problem when you arrive at the airport，give me a ring.
A．come up with B．set about
C．run into D．put aside
【答案】答案 C解析 come up with想出，赶上；set about着手(干)，散布(谣言)；run into碰见，撞上，跑进；
put aside储蓄，搁置一旁。句意为：如果你到机场时遇到任何问题，给我来电话。
(2)When I was doing some shopping in the market the other day，I an old friend of mine，who
had worked abroad for five years.
A．came up B．came over
C．came across D．came down
【答案】答案 C
解析 come across sb.偶然遇到某人。
56．come into being形成；产生；开始存在(无被动式)
(1)How words came into being (形成) is unknown.
(2)When do the new regulations come into force (实施)?
(3)Around 90 halls have closed since it came into effect (生效).
【答案】(1) being (2) force (3) effect
(4)The new law has come into ；surely it will have on industry of the country.
A．affect；an effect B．effect；affect
C．effect；an effect D．an effect；an effect
【答案】答案 C
解析 come into effect生效；have an effect on对……有影响。
(5)Scientists have many theories about how the universe into being.
A．came B．was coming
C．had come D．would come
【答案】答案 A
解析 主句的时态是一般现在时，由此可知是在现在叙述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。
come into being表示“形成，开始存在”，无被动形式。
57．come to life活跃起来；苏醒过来
(1) His earnings come _________ (达到) 6,000 a year.(2) Does price matter ______________ (当谈到) running shoes?
【答案】(1) to (2) when it comes to
(3)When the injured to the hospital，they came to .
A．was rushed；life B．were rushed；life
C．rushed；lives D．were rushed；lives
【答案】答案 B
解析 “the＋形容词”表示“一类人”，后面的谓语动词用复数；come to life苏醒过来。
(4)I stood in the middle of the room，staring at the toys，and in my imagination，the toys .
A．got close to life
B．brought back to life
C．came to life
D．were close to life
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：我站在房间中央，凝视着玩具，在我的想象中，玩具活跃了起来。 come to
life活跃起来，符合题意。
58．concentrate on sth.集中精力做某事；全神贯注于某事
(1) Neal kept interrupting, breaking my ________________(concentrate).
【答案】concentration
(2)As a senior high student，you should your energy on how to master the skills of learning.
A．impress B．spend
C．concentrate D．use
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：作为高中生，你应该把精力集中在掌握学习的技巧上。concentrate...on把……
集中于……。
(3)If you don’t understand everything the tape says，just on the words you can understand.
(2011·恩施月考)A．fix B．put
C．work D．concentrate
【答案】答案 D
解析 由后半句句意“仅仅集中精力听你能听明白的单词”可知，应选D项。concentrate on集
中精力于……；fix sth.on sb./sth.集中(目光、注意力、思想等)于，此时fix为及物动词。
59．cut short使停止，中断；打断；制止
(1)His life ____________by cancer.
(2) My father has ________________(断绝) the supplies.
【答案】(1) was cut short (2) cut off
(3)I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson .
A．cut in B．cut down
C．cut out D．cut up
【答案】答案 A
解析 cut in插话。句意为：我正和Margaret说话时，突然Jackson插了一句嘴。
(4)The company where I work is not as good as before，so the manager has decided to fire some
employees to the expenses of his company.
A．cut off B．cut away
C．cut short D．cut down
【答案】答案 D
解析 句意为：我上班的公司效益不如以前好了，因此经理已决定解雇部分员工来削减公司的
花费。cut down削减。
60．call for要求；需要；去接某人；号召，呼吁
(1)This old photo __________ (唤起) memories of my childhood.
(2)We ____________ (拜访) Mr.Smith’s yesterday.
(3)Sometimes situations __________ (要求) us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that
way.【答案】(1) called up (2) called at (3) call for
(4)With the weather worsening，they have the flight from London to Beijing.
A．called off B．called in
C．called out D．called for
【答案】答案 A
解析 call off the flight取消航班。
(5)As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain，the visit to the village scenes of
my childhood.
A．called up B．called for
C．called on D．called in
【答案】答案 A
解析 call up在本题中意为“使回忆起”；call for要求，需要；call on号召；请求；拜访(某
人)；call in召集；收回。
(6)It’s the sort of work that a high level of concentration.
A．calls for B．makes up
C．lies in D．stands for
【答案】答案 A
解析 由句意可知，空格意思为“要求”，故选calls for要求。
61. (The) chances are (that)．..可能……
(1) ___________________we will win easily. 我们很可能会很容易取胜。
(2) A: What are his chances of winning the match?
B: ________________that he will win the match？
【答案】(1) The chances are that (2) What are the chances
(3)—Would you like to book a four o’clock flight?
—What chance of taking an earlier plane?
A．there is B．is itC．there it is D．is there
【答案】答案 D
解析 下句句意为：有乘早班飞机的可能性吗？且该句为疑问句，故选D项。
(4)If you live in the country or have ever visited there， are that you have heard birds singing
to welcome the new day.
A．thoughts B．facts
C．chances D．possibilities
【答案】答案 C
解析 chances are that...有可能是……。句意为：如果你住在农村或曾参观过那里，你就有可能
听到鸟儿唱歌，迎接新的一天。