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2018 年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅰ卷）
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40 分）
第一节 (共15 小题；每小题2 分，满分30 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration Tour
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful
flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous
monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — the cherry blossoms —
disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore
the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each
stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to
experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain
you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable
bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up
close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.
Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes
bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A. Meet famous people.
B. Go to a national park.
C. Visit well-known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting stories.
23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A. City maps.
B. Cameras.
C. Meals
D. Safety lights
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is
cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on
a tight budget.
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt
Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a
day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into
practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway
restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because
they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware
how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
The eight-part series (系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save
Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health
products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different
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family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious
inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less
expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has started a new programme.
C. She dislikes working early in the morning.
D. She has had a light budget for her family.
25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families for her.
26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for the readers.
C. Add some background information.
D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well for Less
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been
less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small,
tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some
language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they
spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages
too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialisation, the development
of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better
communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant
languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely
uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people
while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages:
the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New
Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6.000,
which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few
elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in
Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a
question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters.
D. They were closely connected
29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2？
A.Complex.
B. Advanced.
C.Powerful.
D.Modem.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
31. What is the min idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human development results in fewer languages
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D. Geography determines language evolution.
D
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something
shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of
style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much
more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the
Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product
throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method
provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by
generation — Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras
arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,
before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room
television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every
room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per
household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them.
According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are
the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）
more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what’s the solution（解决方案）? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also
explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more
than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand
entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by
44%.
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A. They are environment-friendly.
B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
34. Which of the following uses the least energy?
A. The box-set TV.
B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.
D. The desktop computer.
35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
第二节 (共5 小题；每小题2 分，满分10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选
项。
Color is fundamental in home design — something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of
how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do
you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long
day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this
important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three
kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the
large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use
to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a
colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves
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39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on
the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re
looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.
40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45 分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a
“free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after
all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even
if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our 44 was appealing enough to me. He was
an international grandmaster, which 45 I would be learning from one of the game’s 46 . I could
hardly wait to 47 him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this 48 was no
game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-
earned. In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51
what we would learn in class to our future professions and, 52 , to our lives. I managed to get an A in
that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54 .
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he 55 me: “The absolute
most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57 . On every single
move you have to 58 a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and 59 the best
move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my 60 as a journalist.
41. A. put forward
B. jumped at
C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste
B. earn
C. save
D. pay
43. A. excited
B. worried
C. moved
D. tired
44. A. title
B. competitor
C. textbook D. instructor
45. A. urged
B. demanded
C. held
D. meant
46. A. fastest
B. easiest
C. best
D. rarest
47.A. interview
B. meet
C. challenge D. beat
48. A. chance
B. qualification C. honor
D. job
49. A. real
B. perfect
C. clear
D.possible
50. A. attend
B. pass
C. skip
D. observe
51. A. add
B. expose
C. apply
D. compare
52. A. eventually
B. naturally
C. directly
D. normally
53. A. game
B. presentation C. course
D. experiment
54. A. criterion
B. classroom
C. department
D. situation
55. A. taught
B. wrote
C. questioned
D. promised
56. A. fact
B. step
C. manner
D. skill
57. A. grades
B. decisions
C. impressions D. comments
58. A. analyze
B. describe
C. rebuild
D. control
59. A. announce
B. signal
C. block
D. evaluate
60. A. role
B. desire
C. concern
D. behavior
第二节（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than
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non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be
overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at
lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study
published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart
disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…it’s probably running. To avoid
knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills
and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor,
you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give
70
a try.
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分35 分)
第一节 短文改错（共10 小题，每小题1 分，满分10 分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10
处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的次。
删除：把多余的用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10 处，多者（从第l1 处起）不计分。
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a
change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another
animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot
by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I
planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
第二节 书面表达 (满分25 分)
假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry 将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请
你回复邮件。内容包括：
1. 到达时间；
2. 合适的礼物；
3. 餐桌礼仪．
注意：
1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．
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