07 特殊句式
[考点一] 倒装句
(一)完全倒装
1.表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词，
如：there,here,now,then,up,down,out,in,away位于句首，句子谓语是go,come,run等不及物动词，可将谓语全部置于
主语之前。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。
There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.
仍然有已经出错的可能。
Look!From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in panic.
看!两个孩子从街对面过来，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。
2.当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常用全部倒装。
South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。
3.such作表语置于句首时，也常常用全部倒装。
Such was Einstein,a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。
4.表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
(1)形容词+连系动词+主语
Present at the meeting were some experts.到会的是一些专家。
(2)过去分词+连系动词+主语
Gone are the days when we walked to work.我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。
(3)介词短语+连系动词+主语
Among the goods are flowers,candles and toys.货物中有花，蜡烛和玩具。
(二)部分倒装
1.句子以never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely等表示否定意义的副词以及by no means,not until,not only,not a
word,not a single,on no condition,in no case等。
表示否定意义的词组开头，要用部分倒装语序。
Never will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。
Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,they want reduced hours as well.
护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。
2.当句子用so,nor,neither开头，说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。
Tom likes English,and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语，我也喜欢英语。
3.在so/such...that引导的结果状语从句中，为了强调，把so/such提到句首时，主谓要倒装。
So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感动得一句话都说不出来。
So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。4.as/though引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到as/though的
前面。在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。
5.在省略if的虚拟条件句中，were,had或should要提到句首构成倒装。
Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.
如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。
6.当only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only+主语”用在句首时
不倒装。
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。
Only you can help me.只有你能帮助我。
7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
May you succeed!祝你成功!
8.neither...nor...连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句都要用倒装形式。
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ______ they use mobile phones in his class.
2.(2019·全国卷I)Enviable _________the cool kids may have seemed, Dr.Prinstein's studies show unpleasant
consequences.
3.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Only at dinnertime_________(be)we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the
report.
4.Only then _________we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.
5.At the top of the hill _________ (lie)an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
6.Next door to ours_________(live)a black couple,who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.
7.The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party;nor_________ they allow themselves to be disobeyed.
8.Absurd _________ it might sound,everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
[考点二]强调
1.强调句型的基本结构：It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、
状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that,其他情况下一律用that。
It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。
2.强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他部分?
Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗?3.强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分?
When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?
他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的?
4.not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...+that+句子其他部分。
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。
5.强调谓语动词
用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
She did tell me her address,but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2021·全国甲卷)Why is it_________some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?
2.(2021·全国新高考I卷)I _________expect Youth can publish more classic works and have a promising future.
3.(2020·江苏卷)He proved that it's not what happens to us_________determines our lives —it's what we make of what
happens.
4.(天津卷，改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house _________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
[考点三]其他特殊句式
(一)省略
1.状语从句中的省略
在as if,if,though,when,where,while,no matter what,until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主
句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。
All the photographs in this book,unless(the photographs are)stated otherwise,date from the 1950s.
这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50年代。
2.动词不定式的省略
在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符合to省略；在同一句话或同一情景
对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。
The driver wanted to park his car near the road-side but was asked by the police not to.
那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。
3.常用的省略结构
if ever 如果有过的话
if busy 如果忙的话
if anything 如果有什么不同
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果那样的话if not 如果不的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
(二)祈使句
祈使句的基本用法如下：祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般
为第二人称(通常省略)。有时也可用everybody,someone,anybody等不定代词。祈使句表示假设的情况：
“祈使句+and+陈述句(一般将来时)”。
(1)名词词组+and+陈述句
名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词。
One step further and you'll fall down.再多走一步，你就会摔倒。
Just a little more patience and we'll look into its00n.
再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。
(2)祈使句+破折号+陈述句
Try some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢它的。
(三)感叹句
感叹句的3种常见句式
1.What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!What beautiful flowers they are!
多么美丽的花啊!
2.How+形容词+a/an+可数名词+主语+谓语!How clever a boy he is!=What a clever boy he is!多聪明的男孩呀!
3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!
How high the mountain is!这山真高呀!
(四)反意疑问句
反意疑问句由“陈述句+反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。
1.陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句
①当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't;当mustn't(不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must。
You must go now,needn't you?你现在必须走，不是吗?
You mustn't smoke here,must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧?
②当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词发生的时间确定。
You must have watched the football match last night,didn't you?
你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧?
2.陈述部分含有used to时，疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。
You used to play football,usedn't /didn't you?你过去常常踢足球，是吗?
3.陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
①当陈述部分含有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯
定式。He could hardly get up,could he?
他几乎起不来了，不是吗?
②陈述部分含有由否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。
Mary dislikes sports,doesn't she?
玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗?
4.陈述部分含有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和主句的主语保持一致。
He said that she would come here on time,didn't he?
他说她会准时来这里，不是吗?
(五)there be句型
1.there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用
live,remain,stand,lie,exist,seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
2.there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is(no)possibility of(doing)sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性
对点演练
单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国乙卷)There__________ (be)alternatives to constant written communication,such as leaving voice messages
or having a group chat
2.(2020·天津卷)__________it been a while since your last visit to a public library?
3.(北京卷，改编)In any unsafe situation,simply__________(press)the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the
help you need.
4.(新课标卷Ⅱ)I still can't believe__________ a coincidence it was.
5.Once upon a time,__________was a boy whose parents named him Odd.
6.The shocking news made me realize__________terrible problems we would face.
7.Video games can be a poor influence if__________(leave)in the wrong hands.
8.There appears to __________little enthusiasm for your idea.
高考对接
特殊句式在语法填空中的命题点1.考查倒装句
①(2021·全国乙卷)Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each;gone__________(be)the days of thousands standing to watch
the match.
②(2019·全国卷I)Not only__________likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those
outcomes,too.
2.考查强调句型
①(2022·全国甲卷)This indicates that Goffin's do cockatoos__________ indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference
when moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies.
②(2020·全国I卷)But remember,it's you__________have to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your
friends.
3.考查祈使句
(全国卷I)__________(reserve)your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
4.考查省略句
①(2022·浙江卷)One day,while__________(drive)near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road,clearly lost.
②(2021·全国新高考I卷)When__________(feel)depressed,I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of
imaginative stories.
专题语法练习
单句语法填空
1.It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic__________Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
2.Only with good luck__________she manage to es-cape from the rising flood waters.
3.John opened the door.There__________(stand)a girl he had never seen before.
4.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River__________(lie)Chongqing,one of the ten largest cities in
China.
5.We laugh at jokes,but seldom__________we think about how they work.
6.Never before__________(have)she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.
7.The little boy wanted to play computer games before finishing his homework,but his mum told him__________(not).
8.If__________(accept)for the job,you'll be in-formed soon.
9.Seeing is believing,isn't__________ ?
10.Some flowers shut up at night as if__________(sleep).
11.I loved this movie and__________did all my friends.
12.—Did you have a good time?
—Certainly.I__________(do)enjoy the dishes he cooked.
13.Always__________(keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
14.—You didn't wait for Mr Smith last night,did you?—No,but we didn't need__________.He didn't return home at all.
15.—I don't think that they will reach an agreement in such a short time.
—__________do I.It will take time to find a win-win solution.
一、单项选择
1．Even if families are less likely to eat together than ______, millions of Britons still sit down for Christmas dinner.
A．it had been before B．they had been before
C．the case was once D．was once the case
2．It is in this very town, __________Tom was born 40 years ago, __________he will build a new school,
__________excites everyone in the town.
A．that; that; whichB．that; where; that C．where; that; which D．where; when; that
3．The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, ________, reaching 30℃ in summer.
A．if not B．if ever C．if any D．if so
4．It was not until she collected enough material_______to create her new novel.
A．did she begin B．when she began
C．that she began D．that did she begin
5．—When is he willing to lend somebody some money?
—Only when hard enough.
A．to press B．pressing C．pressed D．presses
6．Not until many years later_______that many of his neighbors helped him when he suffered the loss of his parents at an
early age.
A．he was informed B．he informed
C．was he informed D．did he informed
7．I didn’t know he was in the company. _______it, I_______then.
A．Had I known; would call on him
B．Should I know; would have called on him
C．If I knew; would call on him
D．Had I known; would have called on him
8．We had no food left in our backpacks, and things worse, it began to pour.
A．making B．to have made C．having made D．to make
9．________ in a tiny cabinet were four Mother’s Day poems I’d written for her in the 1960s.
A．Hidden B．Hiding C．Being hidden D．To be hidden
10．The Internet is one of the ways these feelings are conveyed and perhaps never before ______so much to connect
different peoples and nations.A．did it serve B．it has served C．was it served D．has it served
11．______ the opening ceremony of the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai was President Xi, where he
announced new measures to further expand opening-up,
A．Attending B．Attended C．To attend D．Having attended
12．— Were all the villagers inspected for the suspected disease?
— No. ________ only 10 people who were exposed to the animals infected by the virus.
A．There were B．There are C．It were D．It was
13．Some institutions have established reading clubs to promote reading, but the effort, though ________, is far from
enough.
A．appreciated B．appreciating C．having appreciated D．to appreciate
14．It was when the private company successfully launched astronauts into space__________I knew it would open up
more opportunities in the space industry.
A．which B．how C．where D．that
15．Fanny asked ________ made that odd looking little cat so popular.
A．what was it that B．what was that
C．what it was that D．what that was
16．Only when he almost knocked her down ______ an old woman was in front of his car.
A．he had found B．had he found
C．he found D．did he find
17．Charles is crazy about antiques and included in his closet _____ a collection of vases in various shapes and sizes.
A．has B．is C．have D．are
18．_____ on smart phones for communication, relaxation and information that people play phones while walking and
eating.
A．Such is the dependence B．Such dependence does
C．So they are dependent D．So did they depend
19．It was in the Lake District, a tourist attraction in England________they met each other and became fast friends.
A．where B．which C．when D．that
20．— Were all the articles of clothing for the models carried to the fashion show?
— No,_______only some of them.
A．it is B．it was C．they are D．they were
21．Designing a powerful beginning is crucial-not only does it make readers stay with your story, ______you develop the
plot.
A．does it also help. B．it also helps. C．does also help. D．also helps22．Was it in June 2016 ______ Shanghai Disney land ______ you have been dreaming of visiting was opened to the
public.
A．when; that B．that; which C．that; where D．when; where
23．You may not have noticed that problem, but you could never withdraw it ______ regretful about your decision.
A．should you feel B．you should feel
C．had you left D．you had left
24．Morrison said not until national testing capacity had been increased_____＿in Australia.
A．the rules would be relaxed
B．would the rules be relaxed
C．that the rules would be relaxed
D．that would the rules be relaxed
25．_______ to building a community with a shared future for mankind is China, which has provided generous support and
assistance.
A．Dedicating B．Dedicated C．Being dedicated D．Having dedicated
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the first line in 2008, China’s high-speed railway 26 (symbolize) a country’s economic power, and
increasing prosperity. By the end of 2020, the country had more than 37,900 km of high-speed rail lines 27
service. China is also among the first in the world 28 (introduce) new technology such as autonomous train
operation.
China is most likely to construct the first super-high-speed railway line 29 allows trains to travel up to 1,000
km per hour between Shanghai and Hangzhou. The 150-kilometer railway is likely to bring the Hyperloop concept which
was originally proposed in 2013 into 30 (real). So far, scientists have evaluated six proposals with the most
suitable construction conditions. Two wealthy cities in 31 eastern coastal area finally stood out. The super-high-
speed transport system uses the most 32 (advance) techniques to transport passengers and goods. It is reported that
the two coastal cities 33 (identify) as the most suitable in the last conference due to their strong economic
activities. The project will provide significant economic potential 34 help China maintain its leading position in
high-speed railway technology.
Several other 35 (candidate) have also been considered. Apart from constructing high speed railroads in
the country, China also plans to build several others to connect the country with its neighbors.
三、完形填空
I was busy and often dealt with customer emails at lunch. Even fifteen minutes in the employee lunchroom seemed a
36 . My company, like many companies, cut costs by not 37 people as they left. The survivors had to take upmore 38 .
For me, this 39 no lunch hour, plus taking work home. I wanted to 40 , but I couldn’t until I had
another job in hand. 41 in theory, but given how annoyed the extra hours made me feel, it was difficult to
convince 42 employers to hire me. I felt trapped. Then a chance 43 with a little girl changed my
perspective. The girl was 44 happy, standing in line with her mom at the grocery.
“Good day at school?” I asked.
A nod.
“What’s your favorite subject?”
I smiled at the answer. I 45 when that had been my answer. At that time, no teachers told you what to do
at lunch. We just played happily.
That brief 46 left me wondering: What had happened to lunch?
I knew that by law I was 47 to a lunch break. So I decided to start 48 it. I began to had a
walk during the lunch break, which made me refreshed.
Now I’m still 49 a new position but with less stressed-out urgency than before. You can’t always change
your 50 , but you can always change your perspective.
36．A．luxury B．solution C．concern D．procedure
37．A．protecting B．reminding C．supporting D．replacing
38．A．guidance B．work C．time D．reference
39．A．represented B．proved C．meant D．designed
40．A．accept B．exchange C．quit D．agree
41．A．Independent B．Legal C．Creative D．Nice
42．A．potential B．previous C．optimistic D．influential
43．A．travel B．discovery C．cooperation D．conversation
44．A．equally B．merely C．extremely D．usually
45．A．shared B．remembered C．recorded D．checked
46．A．encounter B．trip C．stop D．summary
47．A．entitled B．exposed C．related D．suggested
48．A．evaluating B．extending C．taking D．escaping
49．A．adapting to B．looking for C．taking over D．adding to
50．A．circles B．identity C．appearance D．circumstances
考点一 对点演练
1.should 2.as/though 3.are 4.did 5.lies 6.live7.did 8.as/though
考点二 对点演练
1.that 2.do 3.that 4.that考点三 对点演练
1.are 2.Has 3.press 4.what 5.there 6.what 7.left 8.be
高考对接
1.①are ②is 2.①do ②that 3.Reserve 4.①driving②feeling
专题语法练习
1.that 2.did 3.stood 4.lies 5.do 6.has 7.not to8.accepted 9.it 10.to sleep 11.so 12.did 13.keep
14.to 15.Neither/Nor
参考答案
1．D2．C3．B4．C5．C6．C7．D8．D9．A10．D11．A12．D13．A14．D15．C16．D17．B18．A19．D20．B
21．B22．B23．A24．B25．B
26．has symbolized 27．in 28．to introduce 29．that 30．reality 31．the 32．advanced
33．were identified 34．and 35．candidates
36．A 37．D 38．B 39．C 40．C 41．D 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．B 46．A
47．A 48．C 49．B 50．D
