高中英语三年核心必背考点一页通:收藏打印版

本文整理一版“高中英语必背知识点大全（打印收藏版）”，按语法、词汇短语、题型技巧、写作模板、复习计划五块来，适合高一积累、高二专题、高三冲刺反复背。

一、语法核心速记（占分大头）

1）五大基本句型

主谓 / 主谓宾 / 主谓双宾 / 主谓宾补 / 主系表。长难句先找主干，再把从句、介词短语“括起来”看。

2）时态与语态

• 常考：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、被动语态
• 标志词：since/for/so far→现在完成；by/before+过去时间→过去完成；now→进行；tomorrow/next→将来
• 被动：be+done；短语动词被动保留介词（look after→be looked after）；感官使役被动补to（see→be seen to do）
• 特殊主动表被动：need doing=need to be done；worth doing；sell/read/write等常按语境处理

3）非谓语动词（最易丢分）

• to do：目的、将来、未做（作主语/宾语/定语/状语/宾补）
• doing：主动、进行、已做/常态（作主语/宾语/定语/状语）
• done：被动、完成（作定语/状语/宾补）
• 只接doing高频：mind/avoid/finish/enjoy/practise/consider/suggest/advise/deny/risk/admit/delay/escape/imagine/keep/stand/miss+介词to（look forward to/devote to/stick to/be used to）
• 只接to do高频：decide/hope/plan/refuse/offer/agree/manage/pretend/promise/appear/seem
• 接do省略to：make/let/have；感官see/hear/watch（被动要补to）

4）三大从句

• 定语：人who/whom/whose，物which/whose，通用that；时间when，地点where，原因why；非限制性用which不用that；介词后which/whom；序数词/最高级/不定代词(all/much/nothing)优先that
• 名词性（主/宾/表/同位）：that不充当成分；what充当主宾表“所…的事”；whether可放句首/介词后，if一般只作宾语；从句用陈述语序
• 状语：when/while/as时间；because/since/as原因；if/unless条件；though/although/even if让步（不与but连用）；so that目的/结果；so…that/such…that

5）虚拟语气

• if反事实：现在did/were→would do；过去had done→would have done；将来should do/were to do→would do；混合虚拟看时间
• 建议要求命令类后接(should)do：suggest/advise/recommend/demand/require/request/order/insist/ask/propose
• wish/would rather/as if：按“与现在/过去/将来相反”变
• It is high time (that) did/should do

6）特殊句式与主谓一致

• 倒装：否定词Never/Hardly/Seldom/Not only开头部分倒装；Only+状语开头倒装；So/Neither/Nor“也”倒装；地点状语全倒装（There/Here/Out…）；虚拟省if用Had/Were/Should提前
• 强调：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who；删掉强调框句子仍完整
• 一致：the number of单数，a number of复数；each/every…and…单数；not only…but also/neither…nor/or就近；集合名词family/team看整体/成员；分数/百分数看of后名词

7）词法小点

• 冠词：泛指a/an、特指the、零冠词（三餐/球类/学科/语言多数情况）；固定搭配in the morning/at school/by bus等
• 代词：it/one/that替代区别；反身myself等；不定something/anything/none/all/neither
• 形副转换：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动/形/句；-ly不一定都是副词（friendly/lovely是形容词）；比较级more/er，最高级most/est，倍数“times+as…as/比…”
• 词性转换后缀：-tion/-ment/-ance名词；-ize/-ify/-en动词；-ful/-al/-ive/-ous形容词；-ly副词（语法填空常考）

二、高频短语与写作替换（完形/填空/作文通用）

动词短语（完形/语法填空高频）

take：take up占据/从事、take over接管、take on承担、take off起飞/成功、take in吸收/理解

put：put off推迟、put forward提出、put up张贴/留宿、put up with忍受

turn：turn down拒绝、turn up出现、turn out结果是、turn to求助于

break：break down出故障/崩溃、break up解散/分手、break out爆发、break through突破

come：come across偶遇、come up with想出、come about发生、come to达到/恢复

give/get/make：give up/in/out；get over克服、get through通过/熬过；make a difference、make use of、make up编造/组成/弥补

万能写作词组

play an important/vital role in；be of great significance/value；contribute to；take effective measures/steps to；attach great importance to；raise awareness of；make full use of；spare no effort to；be committed/devoted to；benefit from；have a positive/negative effect on；make steady/academic progress；strengthen communication and friendship；lay a solid foundation

低级词升级（作文替换）

good→excellent/outstanding/beneficial

important→vital/crucial/significant/essential

think→hold the view that/maintain/argue/be convinced that

very→extremely/considerably

many→a variety of/an increasing number of/abundant

solve→address/tackle/resolve

happy→delighted/content；sad→upset/depressed；show→demonstrate/reflect

衔接词

递进：what’s more/furthermore/moreover/in addition

转折：however/nevertheless/instead/on the contrary

因果：therefore/thus/as a result/owing to/due to

总结：in conclusion/in short/all in all/to sum up

顺序：first of all/to begin with/besides/finally/last but not least

三、各题型抢分技巧

阅读：先题后文；细节题定位原句找同义替换，不自行推理；主旨看首段尾段+高频词；推断不选原文原句、不选all/never/only绝对项；猜词看并列/转折/后缀。

完形：先通读定情感基调（多为成长/温情/励志）；看复现词、固定搭配、逻辑词but/so/although；动词看主宾搭配，形容词看情感，副词看语气。

七选五：看段首主旨、段尾总结；代词this/they/it、指示词such、逻辑词however/therefore；空前后找同义复现。

语法填空：有提示词→时态语态/非谓语/词性转换/单复数；无提示词→冠词/介词/连词/代词/引导词。给动词先判是否谓语：时态？被动？若已有谓语，再选to do/doing/done。

短文改错：按“动名形副冠介代连一致”扫：时态、主谓、非谓语、单复数、a/an/the、固定介词、形容词副词语序、连词逻辑。

听力：抓but/however/so后信息；数字时间先记再算；态度词satisfied/worried/supportive/doubtful/neutral。

四、写作模板（应用文+读后续写）

应用文通用结构

开头：I am writing to tell you…/I am honored to…/Nowadays … has aroused wide concern.

中间分点：First of all… Besides… What’s more… Most importantly…

结尾：I would appreciate it if you… / Looking forward to your reply. / Every one of you is expected to take part.

建议信：I am sorry to learn… Here are my suggestions. To begin with… In addition… I hope these proposals help.

邀请信：I am writing to invite you to… Scheduled for…, it will include… Your presence will be highly appreciated.

感谢信：I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude for… Without your help, I couldn’t have…

通知：Notice—All students are required to… It will be held at… Please be punctual.

演讲稿：Honorable judges and fellow students, I feel privileged to deliver a speech on…

高分句型（混用不堆砌）

There is no doubt/denying that…

It is widely/generally acknowledged that…

What matters most is that…

Only in this way can we…

Not only can it enrich our knowledge but it can also broaden our horizons.

So significant is… that…

The reason why… is that…

读后续写思路（新高考）

按“衔接段首→心理/环境→动作1→对话/独白→动作2→解决→点题”写；多用工整非谓语、描写性从句、感官细节。情感词：relieved/overwhelmed/excited/anxious/guilty；动作词：whisper/stumble/embrace/hesitate/breathe a sigh of relief；环境：dim light/gentle breeze/heavy silence。结尾正向升华（善意、坚持、成长、亲情友情）。

五、可执行的背诵计划（打印后按周执行）

• 每天早读15分钟：语法1个模块+短语1组+作文句型3句默写
• 每天晚练：1篇阅读+1篇完形（或七选五），错题标“语法/搭配/定位/逻辑”四类
• 每周：整理非谓语+从句错题10道，写1篇应用文+1段续写，用替换词重改一遍
• 每月：用近5年真题回归考点，不刷偏题；把反复错的点做成“个人必背卡”

打印建议：把上面“一、语法”和“二、短语/替换”做成A4双面速查；“三、题型”贴书桌；“四、模板”考前一周每天默写1类。