考研英语|环境类真题词汇深挖:这13个词,英一英二都在考

真题词汇深挖 Vol.4 | 话题：环境与生态

英一适用度：⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
英二适用度：⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

🎯 先来测一测

下面这句话里的 plant 是什么意思？

The company plans to build a new plant in the suburbs.

A. 植物　B. 工厂　C. 种植　D. 设备

评论区留下你的答案，下滑看解析👇

📖 模块一：熟词僻义组（英一重点，英二同样考）

1. plant 【英一重点】

常见义：植物；种植

考研义：工厂

真题语境：

The chemical plant was accused of dumping toxic waste into the river.

环境类文章中 plant 几乎不考“植物”，而是指“工厂”。这是英一熟词僻义的高频考点，英二阅读中同样会出现。

搭配：power plant / manufacturing plant / chemical plant

写作迁移：

The government should impose stricter regulations on chemical plants to reduce pollution.

2. waste 【英一重点】【英二重点】

常见义：浪费

考研义：废物、垃圾

真题例句：

Industrial waste has contaminated the soil and groundwater in the surrounding area.

搭配：industrial waste / toxic waste / waste disposal / household waste

写作迁移：

Proper waste disposal is essential to prevent soil and water contamination.

3. discharge 【英一重点】

常见义：解雇；释放

考研义：排放（废水、废气）

真题例句：

Factories that discharge untreated sewage into rivers must be held accountable.

搭配：discharge into / industrial discharge / discharge pollutants

写作迁移：

Stricter penalties should be imposed on enterprises that discharge pollutants illegally.

4. harness 【英一重点】

常见义：马具；给（马）上挽具

考研义：利用（自然力、技术等）

真题例句：

We must harness renewable energy to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.

搭配：harness solar energy / harness the power of / harness technology

写作迁移：

Harnessing the power of wind and solar energy is crucial for a sustainable future.

5. current 【英一重点】

常见义：当前的

考研义：水流；气流；电流

真题例句：

Rising sea temperatures are disrupting ocean currents, with far-reaching consequences.

搭配：ocean current / air current / electric current

写作迁移：

Changes in ocean currents can have a profound impact on global climate patterns.

📊 模块二：图表/写作表达组（英二重点，英一通用）

6. emission 【英二重点】【英一通用】

含义：排放（物）

图表用法：描述碳排放、污染物排放数据

高分搭配：

carbon emissions / reduce emissions / emission standards

例句：

Carbon emissions have surged over the past decade, contributing to global warming.

7. sustainable 【英二重点】【英一通用】

含义：可持续的

图表/写作用法：描述发展模式、政策目标

高分搭配：

sustainable development / sustainable growth / environmentally sustainable

例句：

Sustainable practices are no longer optional but imperative for long-term survival.

8. deteriorate 【英二重点】

含义：恶化

图表用法：描述环境质量下降

高分搭配：

deteriorate rapidly / environmental conditions deteriorate / air quality deteriorates

例句：

Air quality has deteriorated significantly in major cities over the past five years.

9. mitigate 【英一重点】【英二重点】

含义：缓解、减轻

写作用法：描述应对措施，比 reduce 更正式

高分搭配：

mitigate the impact / mitigate climate change / mitigate risks

例句：

Planting trees can help mitigate the effects of climate change.

10. curb 【英二重点】

含义：遏制、控制

写作用法：描述政策干预

高分搭配：

curb emissions / curb pollution / curb the use of fossil fuels

例句：

Governments must curb the excessive use of fossil fuels to meet climate targets.

11. irreversible 【英一重点】【英二重点】

含义：不可逆的

写作用法：强调环境破坏的严重性

高分搭配：

irreversible damage / irreversible climate change

例句：

The damage to the ecosystem may be irreversible if immediate action is not taken.

🔗 模块三：话题词汇网（通用）

12. biodiversity 【通用】

含义：生物多样性

搭配：loss of biodiversity / protect biodiversity / biodiversity hotspot

例句：

Deforestation poses a serious threat to biodiversity in tropical regions.

13. deforestation 【通用】

含义：森林砍伐

搭配：rampant deforestation / halt deforestation / large-scale deforestation

例句：

Deforestation contributes significantly to global warming and soil erosion.

14. carbon footprint 【通用】

含义：碳足迹

搭配：reduce one‘s carbon footprint / leave a carbon footprint

例句：

Individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by using public transport and consuming less meat.

✍️ 模块四：写作迁移示范

把今天的词汇串成一段完整的论证段落，直接可用于英一图画作文或英二图表作文：

Over the past decade, carbon emissions have continued to rise, and air quality in many major cities has deteriorated significantly. Industrial plants and vehicles are among the largest sources of pollution, discharging harmful substances into the atmosphere and water bodies. To curb this trend, governments must harness renewable energy and impose stricter regulations on waste disposal. While some measures have been taken to mitigate the damage, scientists warn that the effects of climate change may soon become irreversible. Protecting biodiversity and halting deforestation are no longer optional; they are essential to sustainable development. Every individual can also contribute by reducing their carbon footprint, but without systematic change, such efforts will remain insufficient.

翻译：

过去十年，碳排放持续上升，许多大城市的空气质量显著恶化。工厂和汽车是最大的污染源之一，向大气和水体排放有害物质。为遏制这一趋势，政府必须利用可再生能源，并对废物处理实施更严格的监管。尽管已采取一些措施来减轻损害，但科学家警告，气候变化的影响可能很快变得不可逆转。保护生物多样性、遏制森林砍伐已不再是可选项，而是可持续发展的必要条件。每个人也可以通过减少碳足迹来贡献力量，但如果没有系统性变革，这些努力仍将杯水车薪。

标注：加粗词全部来自本期积累，一段话串起13个核心词。

🧩 模块五：今日小测

第一题：翻译下面这句话，注意 plant、discharge、current 的含义。

The plant was forced to close after it was found to be discharging toxic waste into the ocean current, threatening marine biodiversity.

第二题：用 emission / deteriorate / mitigate / irreversible 四个词，描述下面这组数据——

2015年：某国碳排放量 100 亿吨，空气质量指数 85，森林覆盖率 42%
2025年：碳排放量 135 亿吨，空气质量指数 120，森林覆盖率 36%

📋 模块六：答案与复盘

第一题参考答案：

该工厂被发现向洋流排放有毒废物，威胁海洋生物多样性，随后被迫关闭。

第二题参考答案：

The past decade has witnessed a substantial surge in carbon emissions, rising from 10 billion tons to 13.5 billion tons. Air quality has deteriorated markedly, with the air quality index climbing from 85 to 120, while forest coverage has declined from 42% to 36%. To mitigate the damage, the government must adopt stricter environmental policies; otherwise, the harm to the ecosystem may become irreversible.

本日复盘清单：

• plant → 工厂

• waste → 废物、垃圾

• discharge → 排放

• harness → 利用

• current → 水流；气流

• emission → 排放

• sustainable → 可持续的

• deteriorate → 恶化

• mitigate → 缓解

• curb → 遏制

• irreversible → 不可逆的

• biodiversity → 生物多样性

• deforestation → 森林砍伐

• carbon footprint → 碳足迹