高考英语阅读理解十大类100组高频同义替换词清单

近年新高考真题命题规律，按语义场景划分为十大类别，覆盖细节题、推理题绝大多数正确选项改写逻辑。很多学生单词认识却做不对阅读，根源就是看不懂命题人设置的同义改写陷阱：正确答案极少原词照搬，多以同义替换形式呈现。本清单跳出孤立背单词模式，把动词、名词、形容词、固定短语归类整理，对接真题语境。帮助学生快速定位原文、识别选项改写，打通“读懂文章”到“选对答案”的关键一环。

一、 观点态度类

1. think/hold/argue/maintain/claim/assert/assume/believe/consider/suppose → 均表示“认为、主张”

2. positive/optimistic/favorable/approving/supportive/enthusiastic/constructive/encouraging → 均表示“积极的、赞成的”

3. negative/pessimistic/critical/opposed/disapproving/skeptical/doubtful/chostile/unfavorable → 均表示“消极的、反对的”

4. neutral/objective/impartial/unbiased/fair/unprejudiced/disinterested/neutral-minded → 均表示“中立的、客观的”

5. important/significant/vital/crucial/essential/key/central/leading → 均表示“重要的”

6. interesting/engaging/fascinating/absorbing/stimulating/entertaining→ 均表示“有趣的、吸引人的”

7. boring/dull/tiresome/flat/uninteresting→ 均表示“枯燥的、乏味的”

8. surprising/amazing/astonishing/astounding/shocking/stunning/unexpected→ 均表示“令人惊讶的”

9. difficult/hard/challenging/tough/demanding → 均表示“困难的、有挑战性的”

10. easy/simple/uncomplicated/straightforward/effortless/painless/smooth/undemanding/basic/elementary → 均表示“简单的、容易的”

二、 原因结果类

1. because/since/as/for/due to/owing to/on account of/thanks to/as a result of/by virtue of → 均表示“因为、由于”

2. so/thus/therefore/hence/consequently/as a result/accordingly/for this reason/on this account/that’s why → 均表示“因此、所以”

3. cause/lead to/result in/contribute to/give rise to/bring about/trigger/occasion → 均表示“导致”

4. result from/arise from/stem from/originate from/derive from/come from/spring from/emanate from/proceed from/grow out of → 均表示“由……引起”

5. reason/factor/cause/motive/impetus/trigger/stimulus/incentive/ground/basis → 均表示“原因、动因”

6. effect/result/consequence/outcome/aftermath/upshot/impact/repercussion/ramification/end result → 均表示“结果、影响”

7.explain/account for /illustrate/clarify/elucidate/interpret/justify/rationalize/explicate/demonstrate → 均表示“解释、阐明”

8. influence/affect/impact/shape/modify/alter/transform/change/have an effect on/exert an influence on → 均表示“影响”

9.accelerate/speed up/quicken/hasten/facilitate/expedite/advance/promote/further/speed along → 均表示“加速、促进”

10.delay/postpone/put off/defer/suspend/hold off/retard/hamper/impede/stall → 均表示“延迟、阻碍”

三、 时间频率类

1. often/frequently/regularly/commonly/usually/generally/customarily/habitually/ordinarily/consistently → 均表示“经常地”

2. sometimes/occasionally/now and then/from time to time/at times/on occasion/once in a while/infrequently/every now and then/periodically → 均表示“偶尔地”

3. at last/finally/eventually/ultimately/in the end/at long last/after all/finally/by and by/in due course → 均表示“最终、最后”

4. immediately/instantly/right away/at once/promptly/straight away/without delay/forthwith/right off/on the spot → 均表示“立刻、马上”

5. meanwhile/at the same time/in the meantime/meantime/simultaneously/concurrently/parallelly/in the interim/for the moment/temporarily → 均表示“与此同时”

6. first/initially/primarily/firstly/originally/at first/to begin with/to start with/initially/first and foremost → 均表示“首先、最初”

7. suddenly/abruptly/unexpectedly/all of a sudden/out of the blue/without warning/quickly/swiftly/unforeseen/rapidly → 均表示“突然地”

8. gradually/gradual/step by step/bit by bit/slowly/steadily/by degrees/leisurely/unhurriedly/progressively → 均表示“逐渐地”

9. recently/lately/recently/lately/of late/in recent times/these days/nowadays/just now/as of late → 均表示“最近、近来”

10. always/constantly/continually/forever/perpetually/endlessly/nonstop/incessantly/eternally/everlastingly → 均表示“总是、一直”

四、 数量程度类

1. many/a number of/a great deal of/a large amount of/plenty of/a lot of/lots of/numerous/a host of/a multitude of → 均表示“许多、大量”

2. few/little/a few/a little/scarce/rare/insufficient/inadequate/meager/limited → 表示“少量、少数；不足的”

3. very/extremely/quite/rather/fairly/highly/terribly/awfully/exceptionally/remarkably → 均表示“非常、相当”

4. completely/totally/entirely/fully/wholly/utterly/thoroughly/absolutely/altogether/perfectly → 均表示“完全地”

5. nearly/almost/approximately/about/roughly/more or less/around/or so/close to/nearly → 均表示“大约、几乎”

6. enough/sufficient/adequate/ample/plentiful/abundant/satisfactory/acceptable/meet one’s needs/up to standard → 均表示“足够的、充足的”

7. too/excessively/overly/unduly/extremely/immoderately/overmuch/too much/beyond measure/exceedingly → 均表示“过于、太”

8. most/mainly/chiefly/primarily/largely/mostly/predominantly/mostly/by and large/in the main → 均表示“主要地、大部分”

9. some/certain/a few/a number of/several/part of/partial/half/portion of/somewhat → 均表示“一些、部分”

10. all/entire/complete/total/full/overall/every/each/whole/universal → 均表示“全部的、所有的”

五、 逻辑关系类

1. but/however/yet/nevertheless/on thecontrary/whereas/while/though/even so → 均表示“然而、但是”

2. and/besides/furthermore/moreover/in addition/additionally/what’s more/also/likewise/similarly → 均表示“此外、而且”

3. for example/for instance/such as/like/namely/that is/say/for one thing/take...for example/as an example → 均表示“例如、比如”

4. in other words/that is to say/namely/to put it another way/in simpler terms/to put it simply/that is/i.e./specifically/precisely → 均表示“换句话说”

5. in short/in brief/to sum up/in conclusion/to conclude/in summary/briefly/all in all/on the whole/to wrap up → 均表示“总之、简言之”

6. although/though/even though/even if/while/whereas/despite/in spite of/regardless of/notwithstanding → 均表示“尽管、虽然”

7. if/provided that/providing that/supposing that/on condition that/as long as/assuming that/in case/if only/only if → 均表示“如果、假如”

8. unless/except/except that/if not/without/but for/except for/save for/otherwise/or else → 均表示“除非、如果不”

9. as...as/so...as/such...that/so...that/to such an extent that/to the degree that/in the same way that/just as → 均表示“如同、如此……以至于”

10. in order to/so as to/to/for the purpose of/with the aim of/so that/in order that/for/to the end that → 均表示“为了、以便”

六、 动作行为类

1. show/indicate/illustrate/demonstrate/reveal/display/exhibit/manifest/prove/testify → 均表示“表明、展示”

2. get/acquire/obtain/gain/attain/secure/earn/achieve/win/come by → 均表示“获得、得到”

3. use/utilize/make use of/employ/apply/exploit/harness/operate/manipulate/put to use → 均表示“使用、利用”

4. improve/enhance/promote/boost/advance/upgrade/ameliorate/perfect/raise/lift → 均表示“提高、提升”

5. solve/resolve/address/deal with/tackle/handle/cope with/settle/rectify/remedy → 均表示“解决、处理”

6. increase/rise/grow/go up/expand/enlarge/augment/multiply/escalate/accumulate → 均表示“增加、上升”

7. decrease/reduce/drop/fall/decline/diminish/lessen/cut down/scale down/shrink → 均表示“减少、下降”

8. keep/maintain/preserve/conserve/retain/sustain/uphold/continue/hold/keep up → 均表示“保持、维持”

9. give/provide/offer/supply/furnish/afford/impart/grant/endow/hand over → 均表示“给予、提供”

10. take/accept/receive/obtain/secure/grab/seize/grasp/derive/extract → 均表示“拿、接受、获取”

七、 熟词生义类高频替换

1. cover（覆盖）→ include（包含）、report（报道）、deal with（涉及）、travel（行走）、pay for（支付）、hide（掩盖）、protect（保护）、range（涵盖）、occupy（占据）、account for（占比）

2. develop（发展）→ cultivate（培养）、form（形成）、produce（生产）、create（创造）、elaborate（阐述）、evolve（演变）、acquire（养成）、generate（产生）、establish（建立）、unfold（展现）

3. exercise（锻炼）→ practice（运用）、perform（执行）、carry out（实施）、exert（施加）、utilize（利用）、apply（应用）、conduct（进行）、undertake（从事）、fulfill（履行）、implement（落实）

4. charge（收费）→ cost（花费）、accuse（指控）、blame（指责）、assign（分配）、entrust（委托）、load（充电）、command（命令）、demand（要求）、impose（强加）、attack（猛攻）

5. course（课程）→ process（过程）、direction（航向）、route（路线）、path（路径）、progression（进程）、sequence（序列）、cycle（周期）、flow（流动）、movement（动向）、track（轨迹）

6. bank（银行,河岸）→ shore（岸）、pile（堆）、mass（大量）、deposit（存储）、reserve（储备）、fund（资金库）、collection（汇集）、stock（库存）、hoard（囤积）、cache（储藏）

7. book（书）→ reserve（预订）、order（订购）、reserve in advance（提前预约）、register（登记）、secure（预留）、engage（预订）、charter（包租）、reserve a seat（订座）、prebook（预购）、subscribe（订阅）

8. run（跑）→ operate（运行）、manage（经营）、function（运转）、conduct（进行）、organize（组织）、administer（管理）、control（控制）、govern（支配）、flow（流淌）、extend（延伸）

9. plant（植物）→ factory（工厂）、works（工厂）、mill（制造厂）、install（安装）、place（放置）、set（安置）、embed（嵌入）、fix（固定）、position（放置）、establish（设立）

10. capital（首都，资本）→ money（资金）、fund（资金）、wealth（财富）、asset（资产）、investment（投资）、principal（本金）、financial（金融的）、key（关键的）、primary（首要的）、essential（必要的）

八、 地点方位类

1. in/inside/within/inner/interior/internal/indoors/inward/at the heart of/amid/among → 均表示“在……里面”

2. on/above/over/upon/on top of/atop/upward/overhead/superior to/aboveboard → 均表示“在……上面”

3. under/below/beneath/underneath/below the surface/downward/underfoot/submerged/underlying/subsurface → 均表示“在……下面”

4. near/close to/adjacent to/next to/beside/by/alongside/nearby/proximate to/in the vicinity of → 均表示“在……附近”

5. far from/distant from/remote from/far away from/away from/removed from/isolated from/secluded from/afar/at a distance → 均表示“远离……”

6. around/round/about/surrounding/circling/encompassing/encircling/perimeter of/all around/on all sides → 均表示“在……周围”

7. across/through/over/beyond/crosswise/transversely/from side to side/throughout/across the board → 均表示“穿过、横跨”

8. between/among/midway between/in between/amidst/amongst/between and/halfway between/intermediate between → 均表示“在……之间”

9. outside/out/without/exterior/external/outdoors/outward/beyond the bounds of/out of/outside of → 均表示“在……外面”

10. here/at this place/on this spot/where we are/at this location/hither/this place/right here/present location → 均表示“在这里” 

九、 事物特征类

1. big/large/huge/giant/enormous/vast/immense/gigantic/colossal/massive → 均表示“大的”

2. small/little/tiny/minute/miniature/petite/compact/slight/diminutive/microscopic → 均表示“小的”

3. new/fresh/innovative/modern/up-to-date/state-of-the-art/novel/original/brand-new/recent → 均表示“新的”

4. old/ancient/aged/elderly/antique/vintage/historic/time-worn/weathered/long-standing → 均表示“旧的、古老的”

5. good/excellent/outstanding/remarkable/splendid/fantastic/wonderful/terrific/superior/fine → 均表示“好的、优秀的”

6. bad/terrible/awful/horrible/dreadful/poor/inferior/unsatisfactory/rotten/lousy → 均表示“坏的、糟糕的”

7. beautiful/attractive/gorgeous/pretty/handsome/stunning/ravishing/elegant/charming/exquisite → 均表示“美丽的、吸引人的”

8. clean/tidy/neat/spotless/immaculate/sterile/pure/unsoiled/untarnished/cleanly → 均表示“干净的”

9. dirty/filthy/muddy/grimy/smudged/stained/soiled/unclean/foul/squalid → 均表示“脏的”

10. fast/quick/swift/rapid/hasty/prompt/speedy/brisk/fleet/accelerated → 均表示“快的”

十、 目的意图类 

1. aim/purpose/goal/objective/target/intention/intent/mission/end/ambition → 均表示“目的、目标”

2. plan/design/blueprint/scheme/project/program/arrangement/proposal/strategy/agenda → 均表示“计划、方案”

3. hope/wish/desire/aspiration/ambition/dream/longing/yearning/expectation/hope for → 均表示“希望、愿望”

4. try/attempt/endeavor/strive/seek/aim/endeavour/make an effort/struggle/do one’s best → 均表示“尝试、努力”

5. want/desire/need/crave/long for/yearn for/hanker for/aspire to/aim for/seek → 均表示“想要、渴望”

6. intend/mean/plan/propose/aim/design/seek/purpose/have in mind/set out to → 均表示“打算、意图”

7. help/assist/aid/support/abet/back/uphold/facilitate/boost/promote → 均表示“帮助、支持”

8. prevent/stop/block/hinder/impede/obstruct/deter/bar/prohibit/forbid → 均表示“阻止、禁止”

9. allow/permit/authorize/approve/grant/let/endorse/sanction/consent to/give permission → 均表示“允许、准许”

10. persuade/convince/urge/induce/prevail upon/talk into/influence/encourage → 均表示“说服、劝说”