初中英语全套语法体系,16大时态+10大词性一次搞定

I am = I'm

can not = can't

It is = it's

do not = don't

He is = he's

could not = couldn't

Is not = isn't

does not = doesn't

She is = She's

There is = there's

are not = aren't

did not = didn't

They are = they're

What is = what's

was not = wasn't

I will = I'll

You are = you're

Who is = who's

were not = weren't

we will = we'll

We are = we're

When is = when's

That is = that's

will not = won't

1. 动词(v.)：表示人或事物的动作/状态

例：smile, finish, eat, look, run

2. 名词(n.)：表示人和事物的总称

例：apple, pen, hand, paper, mouse

3. 数词(num.)：表示数量或顺序

例：one, first, sixth, twenty-first

4. 介词(prep.)：用在名词/代词前，说明关系

例：in, on, at, by, about, after

5. 冠词(art.)：用于名词前，限定名词，只有3个

例：a, an, the（a/an用在元音音素前，the可表泛指、特指）

6. 代词(pron.)：代替名词/形容词/数词

例：his, them, myself, yourself

7. 连词(conj.)：用来连接短语或句子

例：and, but, besides

8. 副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词

例：now, truly, fortunately

9. 形容词(adj.)：修饰名词，表人/事物特质

例：good, short, big, young

10. 感叹词(int.)：表达说话情感和语气

例：oh, well, hurrah, ah

补充代词分类

- 不定代词：some一些，many许多，any许多，both两个都

- 疑问代词：who谁，what什么，which哪个

- 相互代词：each other互相，one another互相

- 关系代词：which…的物，who…人，that人或物

- 替代词：one(单数)，ones(复数)

1. 主+谓

例：He walks. 他走路。 He walks quickly. 他走得很快。

2. 主+谓+宾

例：I like strawberries.我吃草莓。 I love him.我爱他。

3. 主+系+表

例：The weather is good.天气好。 It is cute.它是可爱的。

4. 主+谓+宾+宾补

例：We call her Miss Li.我们叫她李老师。 I made my brother cry.我把弟弟弄哭了。

5. 主+谓+双宾

例：She shows me a book.她向我展示了一本书。 I gave him all my money.我把我的钱都给他了。

6. 名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）

例：That the earth is round is real.地球是圆的是真实的。

7. 形容词性从句=定语从句（关系从句）

例：He remember the thing that his father is back.他记得那件事，他的父亲回来了。

8. 副词性从句（时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式状语从句）

例：When it rains, I go to school by bus.下雨时，我坐公共汽车上学。

1. 主语 Subject：动作发出者

例句：I eat bananas. 我吃香蕉。

2. 谓语 Predicate：主语的动作、状态

例句：I eat bananas.我吃香蕉。

3. 宾语 Object：动作承受对象

例句：I eat bananas.我吃香蕉。

4. 表语 Predicative：说明主语品质、状态

例句：The banana is yellow.香蕉是黄色的。

5. 同位语 Appositive：进一步解释句子成分

例句：I like eat banana, a kind of tropical fruit.我喜欢吃香蕉。

6. 定语 Attribute：修饰名词，多为形容词

例句：I eat the yellow bananas.我吃黄色的香蕉。

7. 状语 Adverbial：动作的时间/地点/原因/方式

例句：I eat the banana quickly.我快速地吃香蕉。

8. 感叹词 Interjection：表达情绪，打招呼

例：Wow！

9. 插入语 parentheses：句子修饰语

例：of course

10. 称呼词 Address words：直接称呼听话人

例句：Children, Boys and girls, Teacher, madam

11. 补足语 Complement（宾补）：对宾语补充说明

例句：I told him to eat the banana.我叫他去吃香蕉。

时态核心：时间状语 + 动词形式变化

1. 一般现在时：客观事实、习惯规律

标志词：always, usually, often, every day, sometimes

例句：I do my homework. 我做作业。

2. 一般过去时：过去发生动作

标志词：yesterday, last year, just now

例句：I did my homework yesterday. 我昨天做完作业了。

3. 一般将来时：将要发生动作

标志词：tomorrow, next month, the day after tomorrow

例句：I will do my homework tomorrow. 我会在明天做作业。

4. 现在进行时：此刻正在做

标志词：look, listen, right now, at this time

例句：I am doing my homework now. 我现在正在做作业。

5. 过去进行时：过去某个时间点正在做

标志词：at that time, at that moment

例句：I was doing my homework when you opened door. 当你开门的时候，我正在做作业。

6. 过去将来时：站在过去看未来

例句：I said I would do my homework tomorrow. 我说过明天我会做作业。

7. 将来进行时：将来某个时间点正在进行

标志词：tomorrow, next week

例句：I will be doing my homework at 9:00 tomorrow.明天九点的时候我会正在做作业。

8. 过去将来进行时：在过去说将来某时刻正在进行

例句：I said I would be doing my homework at 9:00 tomorrow.我说过，明天九点钟我正在做作业。

9. 现在完成时：动作已完成，对现在有影响

标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, so far

例句：I have done my homework. 我做完作业了。

10. 过去完成时：过去的过去就已经完成

标志词：by+过去时间点，by the time

例句：I had done my homework before you opened the door.在你开门前，我已经做完作业了。

11. 将来完成时：将来某时间前完成动作

例句：I will have done my homework tomorrow.明天我会完成作业。

12. 过去将来完成时：站在过去，预判将来会完成

例句：I said I would have done my homework before you open the door.我说过我会在你开门前完成作业。

13. 现在完成进行时：动作持续到现在，仍在继续

例句：I have been doing my homework for 3 hours.我已经做了3个小时作业了。

14. 过去完成进行时：过去持续做，到过去某时间停下

例句：I had been doing my homework for 3 hours before you opened the door.在你开门前，我已经做了3个小时作业了。

15. 将来完成进行时：到将来某个时间，持续做某事

例句：I will have been teaching for 3 years next week.到了下周，我就教学教了3年了。

16. 过去将来完成进行时：站在过去，预测将来持续动作

例句：I said I would have been teaching for 3 years next week.我说过，到了下周，我就教学教了3年了。

✅一、be动词用法

我用am，你用are，is连着他/她/它

单数名词用is，复数名词全用are

变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃

变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记

疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑

例句：

I am /You are /He is a student.

This is a book. / These are books.

Are you a student?

I am not a student.

✅二、介词（时间介词口诀）

年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行

遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in

要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行

午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错

at用在时分前，说差需要用上to

说过只可用past，多说多练牢牢记

例句：in 2022/in August/in a week；on May 10th/in the morning；on Monday morning；at midnight；at six /ten to nine

✅三、可数名词复数变化

名词复数有规律，一般词尾加s

辅音字母+y型，变y为i，再加es

s,x,sh,ch结尾真有趣，末尾要加es

f，fe真小气，字母v来把它替，es在后别忘记

字母o也神奇，有生命加es，没有生命加s

中日好友来聚会，绵羊鹿鱼带回家（单复同形）

男、女 a变e

牙（齿）、双脚 o变双e

例：apple-apples；baby-babies；box-boxes；knife-knives；zoo-zoos, tomato-tomatoes；man-men, woman-women；foot-feet,tooth-teeth

✅四、省略不定式符号to

一感feel，二听hear, listen to，三让have, let, make，四看 see, look at, observe, watch

例句：

Mr. Wang has his son write a diary every day.王先生让儿子每天写一篇日记。

My mother wouldn’t let me go to the park.我妈妈不会让我去公园。

I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。

I saw the woman enter a bank.我看见这个女人进了一家银行。

✅五、句子种类

- 陈述句：叙述一件事

例：He went to the cinema the day before yesterday.

- 疑问句：提出问题

例：Where did you go yesterday?

- 祈使句：表达命令请求

例：Open the door, please.

- 感叹句：抒发强烈情感

例：How beautiful the park is!

✅六、英语分数

英语分数不费事，母序子基四个字

分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s

二分之一不说a second，而要说 a half

四分之一可以说 a fourth，也常用 a quarter；

四分之三可以说 three fourths，常用 three quarters

例：one-tenth 十分之一；two thirds 三分之二

✅七、形容词&副词比较

一音比较用原级。比较级跟二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。

若要比较范围窄，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。

若甲乙程度相同，as…as结构体。甲某方面不及乙，用not so/as…as表示

例句：Our teacher is taller than we are.我们老师的个子比我们高。

His bedroom is not as neat as his sister’s.他的卧室没有他姐姐的整洁。

She is the best student in her class.她是班上最好的学生。

✅八、一般现在时口诀

表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的动作或状态

1. I、we、you、they作主语，动词原形后面跟

否定句，更容易，动词前面加 don’t

疑问句，别着急，句首Do，来帮你，后面问号别忘记

肯定回答用 Yes, I、you、we、they 加上 do

否定回答要用 No, I、we、you、they 加 don’t

2. 主语三单他、她、它，动三形式后面加

词尾一般s加；辅音字母+y型，变y为i加es

ch.sh.s.x真有趣，后面要加es

三个特殊那里去？has、goes 和 does

否定句记住它，动词前面doesn’t

疑问句，句首Does来帮你

肯定回答 Yes, he, she, it 加 does

否定回答 No,he, she, it. doesn’t

Does, doesn’t 来帮你，后面动词注意，恢复原形要切记

例句：

I have a book. / I don’t have a book.

Do you have a book? Yes I do. / No I don’t.

He doesn’t have a book. Does he have a book? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

✅九、一般过去时口诀

一般过去并不难，动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站

句中若有Be动词，变成相应过去式was，were

疑问句be提前，否定be后加Not

句中若有实义动词，变换规则要牢记

否定句也很简单，didn’t站在动原前，其它部分不变

一般疑问句did放主语前，其它分用原型

最后一条请注意，牢记动词过去式（规则和不规则变化）

例句：

He visited a farm yesterday.

Was he a student ten years ago?

He didn’t visit a farm yesterday.

Did he visit a farm yesterday?

✅十、过去进行时口诀

过去进行最好记，was/were 加 doing

特定时间有暗示，过去某段时间，at that time, yesterday

变成疑问很简单，be提至主语前

否定句式更简单，be后仅把not添

例句：

I was sleeping at ten last night.

Were you sleeping at ten last night?

I wasn’t sleeping at ten last night.

✅十一、一般将来时口诀

将来事情未发生，“打算”“将要”做某事

判断时态要仔细，将来时间要看清

tomorrow, next day/week/year, the day after tomorrow

Be going to 和 will，后面都用动词原形

Will不分人/数，所有人称都可用

be going to则不同，be要跟着主语变

我用am，你用are，is连着他/她/它

Will/be 加 not，句子变成否定句

Will/be提句首，句子变成疑问句

例句：

I will arrive tomorrow.

We are going to put up a building.

I will not arrive tomorrow.

Will you arrive tomorrow?

✅十二、现在完成时口诀

现在完成时：have /has +过去分词

过去某时已发生，后果影响记心中；

过去某时已发生，持续现在还发生；

句中常有标志词，找准它们很重要；

already 仅在肯定中，yet句末疑否定；

疑问句很简单，have/has要提前；

变否定也不难，not紧跟have/has后；

since一点for一段，how long提问记心间；

since后一般加时间点，for加时间段；

Have /has gone to,去了某地没回来；

Have/has been to，去过某地已回来。

例句：

We have seen that film before.

I have just cleaned my room.

I have learned English for ten years.

Have you finished your homework yet?

I haven't cleaned my room

语法是英语的骨架。以上内容覆盖初中核心语法，从基础词性、句子成分，到16大时态，还有好背的语法口诀。

适合：初中生、中考备考、英语基础薄弱的孩子

推荐收藏，转发给正在学英语的同学！