1.(2026 新课标Ⅰ卷) Before ________ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets.

答案：heading

考查：动名词 doing 作介词宾语

解析:before 是介词，介词后接动名词doing。

句意：回家之前，他们把购物袋装满当地农民售卖的新鲜果蔬，价格远低于超市。

2.(2022 新课标I卷) ________(cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.

答案：Covering

考查：现在分词 doing 作句首状语 (主动)

解析：GPNP (公园) 与cover (占地) 主动，现在分词作状语，首字母大写。

句意：大熊猫国家公园占地约为黄石公园三倍，将成为我国首批国家公园之一。

3.(2020 全国Ⅰ卷) I like eating ________ (fry) tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook. My mom told me how to prepare it.

答案：fried

考查：过去分词 done 作前置定语 (被动)

解析：tomatoes 与fry 被动，fried tomatoes 炒西红柿。

句意：我爱吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，本以为这道菜做起来很简单。妈妈便教我该怎么做。

4.(2025 上海卷) She knew that ________ (pick) up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome.

答案：Picking

考查：动名词 doing 作主语

解析：动名词在从句内部充当主语，句首大写。

句意：她知道捡起这只动物可能弊大于利，但把它留在原地也会带来同样糟糕的结果。

5.(2024 浙江1月卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.

答案：to catch

考查：不定式 to-do 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:tend to do)

解析：tend to do sth. “往往、倾向于做某事”。

句意：尽管存在各种规模类型的公园，但国家公园往往因其规模宏大、物种丰富吸引我们的目光。

6.(2023 新课标Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________ (visit) Chinese.

答案：visiting

考查：现在分词 doing 作前置定语

解析：visiting Chinese “来访的中国游客”, 现在分词作形容词定语。

句意：他们既要接待络绎不绝的外国游客，也要和来华游览的中国游客交流。

7.(2026 上海1月卷) A University of Houston study ________ (lead) by researchers found 26.4% of shoes have the bacteria that causes stomach problems.

答案：led

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动)

解析：study 与lead (开展) 被动，过去分词修饰study。

句意：由研究人员开展的休斯顿大学一项研究发现，26.4% 的鞋子携带会引发肠胃疾病的细菌。

8.(2021 全国甲卷) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

答案：to walk

考查：不定式 to-do 作真正主语(it 形式主语)(句型：It is possible to do)

解析：it 作形式主语，不定式to walk 才是真正的主语。

句意：全程 14 公里，你可以步行或者骑行。

9.(2020 浙江7月卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________(change) lives.

答案：to change

考查：不定式 to-do 作后置定语

解析：technology 后面不定式作后置定语修饰 power,the power of technology to do 科技做某事的力量 “科技改变生活的力量”。

句意：农业让人类初次体会到，科技拥有改变生活的力量。

10.(2025 北京卷) I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone ________ (scare).

答案：scared

考查：过去分词 done 作宾语补足语 (结构:have sb. done)

解析：someone 与 scare 被动，“使某人被吓到”, 过去分词作宾补。

句意：我有时候会把他叫回来，担心他会吓到别人。

11.(2023 新课标Ⅰ卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________ (want) more next time.

答案：wanting

考查：现在分词 doing 作宾语补足语 (结构:leave sb. doing)

解析：leave sb. doing 让某人一直处于某种状态。I 和want 主动，用wanting。

句意：无论我在哪买小笼包，一笼总不够吃，可点两笼又显得贪嘴，所以我每次吃完总想着下次再多吃点。

12.(2026 北京卷) The cashier had scanned all the items and there were a couple of people ________ (wait) behind us.

答案：waiting

考查：现在分词 doing 作后置定语(句型:there be sb. doing)

解析：there be 句型，people 和wait 是主动关系，用现在分词doing 作后置定语，表示 “有人正在做……”。

句意：收银员扫描完全部商品，我们身后有几个人正在排队等候。

13.(2022 全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.

答案：to journey

考查：不定式 to-do 作后置定语

解析：step 后接不定式作后置定语，a first step to do sth. 做某事的第一步。

句意：一位来自北京的视障男子徒步 40 天抵达西安，这是他徒步走完 “一带一路” 路线的第一步。

14.(2024 上海卷) Then refer him/her to your ________ (enclose) résumé and ask for an interview.

答案：enclosed

考查：过去分词 done 作前置定语 (被动转化形容词)

解析：enclosed résumé“随信附上的简历”, 过去分词修饰名词。

句意：然后向对方提及你随信附上的简历，并请求面试机会。

15.(2020 新课标Ⅱ 卷(海南卷)) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders ________(begin) computer classes.

答案：to begin

考查：不定式 to-do 作真正主语(it 形式主语)(句型：It is +adj. for sb. to do )

解析：it 作形式主语，for sb. to do 才是真正的主语。

句意：如今，10-12 岁孩子搭建个人网站早已不是新鲜事，二、三年级的小学生也开始上计算机课。

16.(2025 上海卷) The most likely explanation for its ________ (expose) position was that it had been chased, picked up and dropped by the dog she’d heard.

答案：exposed

考查：过去分词 done 作前置定语 (被动)

解析：position 与expose 被动，exposed “暴露在外的” 修饰position。

句意：它位置暴露的最合理解释是：它被我听到的那只狗追赶、叼起又丢下。

17.(2023 全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ________(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.

答案：borrowing

考查：现在分词 doing 作伴随状语 (主动)

解析：fable (逻辑主语) 与borrow 主动，现在分词作伴随状语。

句意:“美国中部曾有一座小镇，那里万物似乎都与周遭环境和睦共处。” 她的寓言开篇借鉴了诸多古老寓言里耳熟能详的表述。

18.(2026 上海1月卷) These aren’t things ________ (bring) into living rooms—especially not ones with carpet pricier than my rent.

答案：to bring

考查：不定式 to-do 作后置定语

解析：不定代词 things 后用to do 作后置定语。

句意：这些并不是会被带进客厅的东西，尤其是客厅铺着比我房租还贵的地毯时。

19.(2021 天津3月卷) While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ (focus) so that you won’t make any dangerous errors.

答案：focused

考查：过去分词化形容词作表语 (结构:remain + adj 系表)

解析：remain 系动词，focused “专注的” 作表语。

句意：攀岩时你必须保持高度专注，避免危险失误。

20.(2022 全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ______ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.

答案：planning

考查：现在分词 doing 作伴随状语 (主动)

解析：主语 he 与plan 主动，现在分词作伴随状语。

句意：9月20日他从西安飞往4700公里外的喀什，计划用五个月时间徒步返回西安。

21.(2024 新课标Ⅱ卷) …adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers.

答案：to find

考查：不定式 to-do 作原因状语 (固定搭配:be amazed to do)

解析：be amazed to do sth. “因做某事感到惊讶”。

句意:…… 他补充说，游览故居花园的游客常常会惊奇地发现两位文学巨匠之间的渊源。

22.(2020 全国 Ⅱ 卷) They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

答案：coming

考查：现在分词 doing 作后置定语 (主动)

解析：earth 与come back to life 主动，现在分词修饰earth。

句意：它们象征着大地复苏，也寄托着对全新开端的美好祝愿。

23.(2025 浙江1月卷) Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ________ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.

答案：to rent

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语

解析：商店提供女装，目的是供女性租赁，不定式表目的。

句意：塔尼亚的店铺提供女士时装租赁服务，而非直接售卖，为只需一次性场合着装的需求提供了成本更低的方案。

24.(2023 上海卷) He had come a long way to watch over his kingdom, ________ (assume) the throne at a young age.

答案：assuming

考查：现在分词 doing 作伴随状语 (主动)

解析：主语 He 与assume 主动，现在分词作伴随状语。

句意：他远道而来守护自己的王国，年纪轻轻就登上王位。

25.(2026 上海6月卷) In one neighbourhood, transport researchers invited residents ________ (mark) difficult points on a map.

答案：to mark

考查：不定式 to-do 作宾语补足语 (固定搭配:invite sb. to do)

解析：invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事，不定式作宾补。

句意：在一个社区里，交通研究人员邀请居民在地图上标出通行难点。

26.(2021 全国甲卷) After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!

答案：spending

考查：动名词 doing 作介词宾语

解析：after 是介词，介词后接动名词doing。

句意：在城墙上参观完各类防御工事之后，我们决定找点乐子，还有什么比骑行踏在历史遗迹之上更好呢！

27.(2020 天津3月卷) The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ________(promote) economic growth.

答案：to promote

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语

解析：不牺牲环保的目的是推动经济增长。

句意：地方政府不必为了推动经济增长而牺牲环境保护。

28.(2025 新课标Ⅱ卷) If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.

答案：left

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动完成)

解析：shirt /sheet 与leave “被放置晾晒” 被动，过去分词作后置定语。

句意：如果你从未感受过晾晒一整天的床单、衬衫带来的阳光气息，那你就错过了生活的一大美好。

29.(2024 北京卷) And when ________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).

答案：asked

考查：过去分词 done 作状语 (状语从句省略when+done, 被动)

解析：主句主语 he 和ask 被动；从句主语与主句一致，省略主语和be 动词。

句意：当被问及他这个新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：凡事适度。

30.(2023 北京卷) She called for action ________ (address) the struggles of people around the world ________ (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”.

答案：to address;facing

考查:①不定式to-do 作目的状语；②现在分词doing 作后置定语 (主动)

解析:①采取行动为了解决问题，不定式表目的；②people 与face 主动，现在分词作后置定语修饰people。

句意：她呼吁采取行动解决世界各地民众面临缺水或污水的困境。她发起名为“蓝色奔跑” 的全球活动，带动更多人参与其中。

31.(2022 浙江1 月卷) That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________(continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding.” , she says, “a really positive change.”

答案：to continue

考查：不定式 to-do 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:plan to do)

解析：plan to do sth. 计划做某事。

句意：这种做法让科布去年的航空出行减少了 75%, 并且她打算继续坚持下去。“这相当有收获，” 她说，“是一个非常积极的改变。”

32.(2021 全国乙卷) Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.

答案：visiting

考查：动名词 doing 作介词宾语

解析：介词 of 后接动名词doing。

句意：最大限度降低游览此地带来的影响。

33.(2020 全国Ⅲ卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out ________(find) the well-known painter.

答案：to find

考查：不定式 to-do 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:set out to do)

解析：set out to do sth. 动身、着手做某事。

句意：第二天早上，他雇了一艘船，动身寻找那位知名画家。

34.(2026 新课标Ⅱ卷) It’s time for my dan tian ________ (meet) another life force: coffee.

答案：to meet

考查：不定式 to-do 作宾补 (固定句型：It’s time for sth. to do sth.)

解析：固定句型“是…… 做某事的时候”,for 后接逻辑主语，后面用不定式。

句意：是时候让我的丹田去邂逅另一股生命能量：咖啡。

35.(2024 新课标Ⅰ卷) In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants.

答案：closed

考查：过去分词化形容词作表语 (系表结构:stay + adj)

解析：stay 为系动词，后接形容词closed (关闭的) 作表语。

句意：天气寒冷时，该结构保持闭合，以此保护植物。

36.(2023 新课标Ⅰ卷) Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.

答案：recognized

考查：过去分词 done 作前置定语 (被动，形容词化)

解析：home 与recognize 被动，recognized “公认的”。

句意：上海或许是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你隔壁水乡南翔才是发源地。

37.(2022 新课标Ⅱ卷) Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.

答案：to see

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语

解析：爬上阳台，目的是看外面孩子玩耍。

句意：埃里克晚些醒来，听见外面孩子玩耍。他把椅子推到阳台，爬上去看他们。

38.(2021 浙江6月卷) Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ________ (plant) flowers in the front yard.

答案：to plant

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语

解析：姐姐过来，目的是在前院种花。

句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝・托德・华莱士经常过来在前院种花。

39.(2020 浙江1月卷) The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30-today it is 41 and is expected ________ (increase) to 42 by 2050. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations.

答案：to increase

考查：不定式 to-do 作主语补足语 (固定搭配:be expected to do)

解析：be expected to do“预计会……”, 不定式作主补。

句意：1950 年，美国人的年龄中位数为30 岁；如今这一数值是41 岁，预计到 2050 年将升至42 岁。首要原因是出生率下降，这意味着老一辈人口规模比年轻一代更大。

40.(2025 天津6月卷) Engineers in the UK are going to build a new satellite ________ (design) to track solar storms.

答案：designed

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动)

解析：satellite 和design 被动，“被设计用来……”, 过去分词作后置定语修饰satellite。

句意：英国工程师将要建造一颗新卫星，用来监测太阳风暴。

41.(2024 上海卷) Once you’ve decided what job area ________ (go) after, start writing your résumé.

答案：to go

考查：不定式 to-do 作宾语 (结构：疑问词 + to do)

解析：what job area to go after “要追求的职业方向”, 疑问词+ to do 作decide 的宾语。

句意：一旦你确定自己想要从事的职业方向，就开始写简历。

42.(2023 全国乙卷) She went right into the shower to ________(wash) it, but it was no use.

答案：wash

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语

解析：to 表目的，不定式to wash,to 后接动词原形。

句意：她立刻冲淋浴想要洗掉它，但毫无作用。

43.(2022 北京卷) As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.

答案：to harm

考查：不定式 to-do 作后置定语

解析：intention to do sth.“做某事的意图”。

句意：海伦继续往前走，听见一名男子朝她冲来。唯恐对方意图伤害自己，她拔腿就跑。

44.(2021 浙江 1 月卷) In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

答案：studied

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动)

解析：countries 与study 被动，the countries studied “被研究的国家”。

句意：1985 年，在被研究的四分之三以上国家中，城市男女的身体质量指数 (BMI) 均高于农村地区男女。

45.(2020 北京卷) It takes them hundreds of years ________(break) down.

答案：to break

考查：不定式 to-do 作真正主语 (it 形式主语)(句型：It takes …to do )

解析：it 形式主语，不定式为真正主语。

句意：它们需要数百年的时间才能降解。

46.(2026 北京卷) By mindfully seeking out opportunities ________ (stimulate) this feeling, you could fill your life with greater meaning.

答案：to stimulate

考查：不定式 to-do 作后置定语

解析：抽象名词 opportunity 后用不定式to do 作后置定语，表示 “做某事的机会”。

句意：通过有意识地寻找机会去激发这种感受，你的生活会拥有更多意义。

47.(2026 浙江1月卷) She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes ________ (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP!

答案：watching

考查：现在分词 doing 作独立主格

解析：逗号分隔，无连词；our eyes 是watch 的逻辑主语，主动关系，现在分词构成独立主格。

句意：她会带着我们在厨房里左右蹦跳，我们双眼紧紧盯着微波炉，仿佛盯着一枚倒计时的火箭，兴奋与紧张交织累积，直至最后一刻:“哔 ——!”

48.(2024 天津3月卷) From the first explorers to today’s travelers, humans have always had a desire ________ (discover) new places.

答案：to discover

考查：不定式 to-do 作后置定语

解析：抽象名词 desire 后接不定式作后置定语，desire to do sth. 表达做某事的渴望。

句意：从早期探险家到当代旅行者，人类一直怀有发现新地方的渴望。

49.(2022 上海卷) Interviewing entrepreneurs might provide insight into the steps they took ________ (achieve) success.

答案：to achieve

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语 (固定搭配:take steps to do)

解析：take steps to do sth. 采取步骤做某事。

句意：采访企业家有助于了解他们为取得成功所采取的步骤。

50.(2022 上海卷) It necessitates a work style ________ (characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short-and long-term goals.

答案：characterized

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动)(固定搭配:be characterized by)

解析：work style 与characterize 被动；be characterized by“以…… 为特征”。

句意：这就需要一种以多任务处理和规划企业长短期目标为特征的工作模式。