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专题 05 非谓语动词 (解析版)
全国各地历年高考真题全收录
一、2023 年高考真题
1. 2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream
and risking a spill (溢出)...
【答案】 to bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还
是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾
语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
2. 2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will
actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻
近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑
上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。
故填recognized。
3. 2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the
steamer basket ...
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,
空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关
系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
4. 2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷
...yet two seems greedy, so I am always left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,
所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,
want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填
wanting。
5. 2023全国甲卷
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】 to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意
可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
6. 2023全国甲卷
...her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】borrowing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎
都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一
些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主
动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
7. 2023全国甲卷
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
【答案】intended
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。
be intended for打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】8. 2023全国乙卷
...it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city
keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年
辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非
谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,
用过去分词。故填built。
9. 2023全国乙卷
____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years...
【答案】Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,
惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,
和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此
推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。
10. 2023全国乙卷
As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
【答案】recording
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend
time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填
recording。
11. 2023年2月四省联考
One agency, ____37____(base) in Woodbridge, is expected ____38____(receive) $1. 5 million.
【答案】37.based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一家机构,总部在Woodbridge,预计将获得150万美元。分析
句子可知,“(base) in Woodbridge”作定语,base与One agency是被动关系,故用过去分词,故填
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】based。
【答案】38.to receive
【解析】考查不定式。句意同上。be expected to do sth.“被预计……”,用不定式作主语补足语,
故填to receive。
12. 2023年2月四省联考
The agency director says that they will focus their resources on ____39____(educate) the homeless.
【答案】 educating
【解析】考查动名词。句意:该机构负责人表示,他们将把资源集中在教育无家可归者上。介词
后接动名词作宾语,故填educating。
13. 2023年1月浙江卷
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in concentric(同心
的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。
分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City
和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
二、2022 年高考真题
1(2022 新高考 I 卷)__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National
Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【答案】Covering
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国
家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应
用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
2(2022 新高考 I 卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多
现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作
非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3(2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a
first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一
路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序
数词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
4(2022全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________
(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹
决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所
以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定
语,表被动。故填held。
5(2022全国甲卷)He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to
hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月
内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式,
plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填planning。
6(2022 全国乙卷)__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea
professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
【答案】to strengthen; inviting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空:句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的
一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根
据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填 To
strengthen。第二空:句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传
活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,
逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
7.(2022年浙江卷1月)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
____________(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive
change."
【答案】astonished
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词 plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do
sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
8.(2022年新高考2卷)
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-
floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held
out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
【答案】falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100
米,跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处
应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同
时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
9.(2022年新高考2卷)
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and
climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【答案】to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。
他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的 climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动
词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的
状语。故填to see。
三、2021 年高考真题
1.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole
adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系,所以此处
应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
2.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】 to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式,故填 to walk 。
3.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time
for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式,故填spending。
4.(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)
Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断空格处填非谓语动词。
空处作介词of的宾语,所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意:最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填
visiting。
5.(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空)
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 10 (have) a
low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断此处填非谓语动词。aim
to do sth,意为 "目的在于做某事" ,因此应填不定式形式。句意:……并且食宿是为了对自然环
境有小的影响。故填to have。
6.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空)
Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
【答案】 to plant
【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访,在前院里种些花。
7.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher
BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【答案】studied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远
山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知 study做urban men and women in more than three quarters of
the countries的定语,动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系,故答案为 studied。
8.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of
income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】 living
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知
live in the countryside是people的后置定语,动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是主动关系,
故答案为living。
9.(2021.3 天津卷 单选)
China's National Highway 318, over 5, 000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is
known as the "heavenly road" for its amazing views.
A. to extend B. extended C. extending D. being extended
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的国道 318号,从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出5000多公里,
因为它的令人赞叹的景观,被熟知为”天堂之路“。分析句子成分结构可知,is known as是整个
句子的谓语动词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。又因为extend与主语China's National Highway 318
之间为主动关系,所以用extending。故选:C。
9.(2021新高考I卷)But that’s how nature is —always leaving us _____________(astonish).
【答案】astonished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。作宾补,所以用形容
词,表示人"吃惊的",故填astonished.
10.(2021 新高考 II 卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ________
(think)it is food.
【答案】thinking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难
过。分析句子结构,____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之
间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
11.(2021新高考II卷)I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem.
【答案】to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,
________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】12.(2021新高考II卷)I decided to do something ________ (educate) people about this problem.
【答案】to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,
________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
13.(2021新高考II卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
【答案】excited
【解析】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作 was之后的表语,用形容词,
修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
14.(2021年北京卷)There have been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the
past 20 years, ________(cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the
United Nations.
【答案】caused
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量
急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme
weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,表被动。故填caused。
15.(2021年北京卷)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,
________(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
【答案】resulting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起,造成经
济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系,且表
示一种自然的结果,应用现在分词,作结果状语。故填resulting。
16.(2021年北京卷)Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical
need ________ (invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】to invest
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:研究结果表明,急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知,此处表
示未来的动作,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to invest。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】四、2020 年高考真题
1.(2020·新高考I卷语法填空)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4
66 . (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾
特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2.((2020·新高考I卷短文改错))I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be
easy to cook.
【答案】 frying改为fried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,
所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。
3. (2020·新高考I卷短文改错)My mom told me how to preparing it
【答案】 preparing改为prepare。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定
式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。
4. (2020·新高考II卷语法填空)They represent the earth 63 . (come) back to life and best wishes
for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词
为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分
词作后置定语。故填coming。
5. (2020·新高考II卷语法填空)They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 . (decorate)
with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信
息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补
足语。故填decorated。
6. (2020·新高考II卷语法填空)They are easy 68 . (care) for and make great presents.
【答案】 to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词
+ to do”结构。故填to care。
7. (2020·新高考III卷语法填空)The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 . (find) the well-
known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合
句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
8. (2020·新高考 III 卷语法填空)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft
clouds 69 . (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼
泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,
surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填
surrounding。
9.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer
simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43 .
(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一
个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与 living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,
imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
10. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology
60 . (change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简
单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填
to change。
11. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later,they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right
time and,in dry areas, 63 . (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,
利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。
make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状
语。故填making。
12. (2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these
products.
A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined withD. to be combined with
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此
处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选
A。
13.(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次))___________in 1931, the Empire State Building, the
highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
A.Having completed B.Being completed
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】C.Completed D.Completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼,它激发
了全世界的想象力。句中谓语动词是inspired,此处用非谓语动词。主语the Empire State Building
和动词complete是被动关系,用过去分词作状语。A项是现在分词的完成式,不表被动。B项是
doing的被动式。故选C。
14.(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第一次))The local government doesn't have to sacrifice
environmental protection ____________ economic growth.
A.to be promotedB.being promotedC.promotingD.to promote
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句
子成分并翻译语境可知,句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice,空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目
的性关系,因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。
15.(2020·(天津卷)英语笔试(第二次))______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested
reading through our notes.
A.To help B.Helped C.Helping D.Being helped
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了帮助我们准备考试,老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结
构可知,老师建议我们诵读笔记是”为了“帮助我们准备考试。故表目的,应用动词不定式。故
选A。
16.(2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years (break) down.
【答案】to break
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型 It takes sb./sth. +一段时
间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It形式主
语。故填to break。
17.(2020 年北京卷)A piece of stone___ ___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
【答案】found
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚
尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语
之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
18.(2020年浙江卷1月)The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 was30—today it is 41 and
is expected____________(increase)to 42 by 2050.
【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,
故填to increase。
19.(2020 年浙江卷 1 月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large
____________ (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因
此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。Compare 与 old generation 之间表示被动关系,故填
compared。
五、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 30.__________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior
citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意:为了享受数字支付的方便,很多老
年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】4.____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children
will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语
成分,而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语,故选C。
3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 32.China's image is improving steadily, with more countries__________
its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解析】考查with复合结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事
务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构,故
选A。
4.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise
public awareness about environmental protection.
【答案】marked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度
活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,要用过
去分词。故填marked。
5.【2019·新高考I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been
employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large
area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊
的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故
此处用to perform。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】6.【2019·新高考I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears
may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
7.【2019·新高考II卷·短文改错】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I
had a talent for football.
say
【答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for
football.
【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中
谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系,故将say改为saying。
8.【2019·新高考II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___
(be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】 being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being。
9.【2019·新高考II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene
___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示
“……的计划”,故填to retire。
10.【2019·新高考II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed,we
thought it was ___a__ joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定
语,解释名词call的内容,call与say是主动关系,故填saying。
11.【2019·新高考III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house,it was raining ___so__ hard that we
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意:我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法:
It takes time to do sth.:花时间做某事,该句式中it作形式主语,time做宾语,使用不定式作真正
的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间,用how long 对其进行提问,不影响不定式的使用,故答案为
to get。
12. 【 2019· 新 高 考 III 卷 · 语 法 填 空 】 On the last day of our week-long stay , we _were
invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,
___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查现在分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语
动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并
列的结构这一规律解题,and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式,故空格处填listening。
13.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark
mornings,…
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看
到它们。or连接两个并列成分,根据or前的walking可知,此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
14.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事,
这里是动词不定式作to的宾语。故填to wear。
15.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to
_myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】你自己”。分析句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是 I,与逻辑主语
之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】2018年真题
46(2018新高考I卷)You don't have to run fast or for long ____________(see) the benefit.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查不定式。作目的状语,所以用不定式。
47 ( 2018 新 高 考 I 卷 ) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of
___________(die) early by running.
【答案】dying
【解析】考查动名词。介词of后跟动名词作宾语。
48 ( 2018 新 高 考 I 卷 ) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to
____________(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【答案】strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。作目的状语,用不定式,前面有to,所以用动词原形。
49(2018新高考II卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________
(improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查不定式。作目的状语用不定式。
50(2018 新高考 II 卷)China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________(feed) its
citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen
Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查现在分词。句子主语和feed之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。
51(2018新高考III卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ___________(look) directly
into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
【答案】looking/challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。第一空:avoid doing sth避免做某事;第二空:feel为系动词,之后缺
表语,故用过去分词challenged,表示"被挑战的",所以用过去分词。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】52(2018 新高考 III 卷)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me __________(stay) and
watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查不定式。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。
53(2018年浙江卷)I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事
用remember doing sth.,故填visiting。
54(2018·北京)_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old
Silk Road”做主语,要用动名词,故B选项正确。
55(2018·北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a
meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share
C. having shared D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼。
gather是谓语动词,“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语,家人聚在
一起的目的是吃饭,赏月,品尝月饼,表目的用动词不定式,故B选项正确。
56(2018· 北京)Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use
C. using D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句,_________ correctly 是条件状语,修饰 ordinary
soap,ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,A选项正确。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺:向阳百分百】