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专题 04 动词和动词短语 （解析版）
全国各地历年高考真题全收录
一、2023 年高考真题
1. 2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷
As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句
子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的
grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
2. 2023全国乙卷
... I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich
heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，
惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下
文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一
般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
3. 2023全国乙卷
... _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be
photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意
味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第
三人称单数形式。故填means。
4. 2023年2月四省联考
The money will ____36____(distribute) over a four-year period and is aimed at helping approximately 1,
000 homeless people in the county of Arvada.
【答案】36. be distributed
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：这笔钱将在四年时间内分发，目的是帮助阿瓦达县大约1000
名无家可归的人。分析句子可知，distribute和will构成谓语动词，与主语The money是被动关系，
空前有助动词will，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故填be distributed。
5. 2023年2月四省联考
My secretary called a repairman. To our surprise, the repairman ____43____(be) one of our first
homeless students.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：令我们吃惊的是，那个修理工是我们第一批无家可归
的学生之一。根据上文的“a couple of weeks ago”可知，此处讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，
且主语the repairman是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填was。
6. 2023年1月浙江卷
Citizens of higher social classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles.
【答案】 were permitted
【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析
句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为
是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
7. 2023年1月浙江卷
The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____
(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
【答案】featured
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态
可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
二、2022 年高考真题
1.（2022.6新高考1卷 完形填空）
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move
in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
【答案】D、B
【解析】47考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很
快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked
out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but
storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
【解析】48考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很
快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D.
recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our
peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。
2.（2022.6全国甲卷 完形填空）
When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.
43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的
狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。由上
文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方
相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】3.（2022.6全国乙卷 完形填空）
They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate
to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”
可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
4.（2022年1月浙江卷）
"I was simply 37 a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.
37.A.getting over B.going through C.holding on D.passing down
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾，主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知，她在经历（going
through）一种糟糕的体验。
5.（2022.6新高考2卷 完形填空）
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the
pets that are sometimes difficult to ___28___ .
27. A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete
28. A. buy B. transport C. choose D. please
【答案】A D
【解析】
27考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物
安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语
“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。
28考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物
安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the
pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】三、2021 年高考真题
1.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Henry David Thoreau was happy to from social life, seeking a
harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A. judge B. differ C. withdraw D. benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：梭罗乐于退出社会生活，在宁静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。
A.judge判断；B.differ不同于；C.withdraw撤退、（使）退出；D.benefit对……有用。根据句意可
知，本空应填withdraw。故选：C。
2.（2021.6 浙江卷 完形填空）
At this store, people 8 and then go off to the side to bag their own groceries. My mother was putting
her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up her and said.
8.A.show up B.call in C.check out D.sit down
【答案】选C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A. show up出现，露面；B. call in召来，拜访；C. check out结账离
开；D. sit down坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账"，
故选C。
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 完形填空）
They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 13 at the same time, and pepperoni—
everywhere.
13.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in
【答案】选B
【解析】考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒 B. get out 出
去 C. take off 脱下；起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。
4.（2021.6新高考1卷 完形填空）
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】11 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little
more high-pressure than I'd expected.
11.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on
【答案】选B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知，这里指的是
如果做工时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
5.（2021.3 天津卷 完形填空）
With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website.
A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from
【答案】选A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区
网站上。A. come up with提出；B. stick to坚持；C. give up放弃；D. break away from突然逃跑。
根据后文 "a plan and posted it on the community website" 指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语
境。故选A。
6.（2021天津卷6月考试） I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out
to buy some.
A. made up for B. run out of
C. kept away from D. got down to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。
A. made up for弥补；B. run out of用完，用尽；C. kept away from远离，回避；D. got down to开始
认真做。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故选B。
7.（2021天津卷6月考试） Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers
have________ the same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed B. turned C. grown D. got
【答案】A
【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】光顾这家店近40年了。A.stayed保持；B.turned变成（某种颜色）；C.grown变得；D.got变成。
根据“the restaurant's regular customers”以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知，这家餐厅的老顾客
已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay“保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。
8.（2021天津卷6月考试） My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are
completely different . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother ____1____
meditation (冥想),while I was a born performer who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took
his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't ____2____.
1. A. disliked B. preferred C. replaced D. abandoned
2 A. get along B. drop by C. show off D. check in
【答案】1. B 2 A
【解析】1：考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我
是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C.
replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ________ who
preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。
【解析】2：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺
便拜访；C. show off 炫耀；D. check in 登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be
offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为
哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。
四、2020 年高考真题
1.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short
time.
A. clarify B. justify C. satisfy D. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。
A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
2. The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for B. accounting for C. calling for D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。
A. allowing for使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for解释；C. calling for需要，要
求；呼吁；D. compensating for补偿。根据空前 The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s 可知，125
GB/s 的6G速度将使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
3．（2020·天津卷单项填空）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother
______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on D．made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A.
drank a toast to为……干杯；B. played a joke on开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切
注视；D. made an apology to向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候
从来不担心孩子。C选项符合语境，故选C。
4．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she
felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A.
understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that
she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have
doesn’t work.
A．take up B．carry out C．keep on D．put off
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转
了。A. take up占据；B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have
doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我
们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
6．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she
felt like walking.
A．understood B．accepted C．compromised D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A.
understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that
she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
五、2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's
intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。
resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't
___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep
off“（使）避开”。故选C。
3. （2019·北京卷·完形填空）He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next
time you ride with him, he'll ___21___ those things.
A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在坐车的时候，Wilson会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐
车的时候，Wilson会检查（check on）上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson会
利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。
2018年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所
需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选
择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as
she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终
他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C.
broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her
skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【点睛】本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学
短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多
的词汇和短语。
3.【2018·江苏】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______
a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和
时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选
A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时
学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
4.【2018·江苏】22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______
the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿
他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。故选
C。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选
择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动
词和动词短语的识记与掌握。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
