ARTICLE · 1310704
高中英语的“隐藏分水岭”:名词性从句,看懂这一篇就够了
如果说高中的语法有一条隐形的分水岭,名词性从句算一座。阅读里的长难句、写作里的高级表达,处处都是它的影子;很多同学句子读不完、读不懂,一半的障碍就卡在从句上。今天聚焦主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句(宾语从句此前已专门讲过),把难点一块块拆开。
起步:分清 what 和 that。这是名词性从句的头号考点,也是辨别从句类型的钥匙。判断方法一句话:从句里缺主语或宾语,用 what;不缺任何成分、句意完整,用 that。
What he said at the meeting is true.(said 缺宾语,what 补上了“他说的内容”) That he came late surprised us.(came late 主谓完整,不缺成分,用 that)
给同学一个自测动作:把从句单独拿出来,试着让它自己成为完整的句子。能独立成句的,用 that;不能独立成句、总缺个成分的,用 what。
接着:it 作形式主语。主语从句太长,句子会头重脚轻,习惯上用 it 占位:It is clear that he is lying. It is a pity that you missed the show. 写作里用这个句式,句子立刻显得从容老练。比如把 That more and more people pay attention to health is obvious. 改成 It is obvious that more and more people pay attention to health.,观感完全不同。
收口:同位语从句与定语从句的辨别。都长着 that 的样子,判断标准只有一条——that 在从句里做不做成分。
The news that our team won excited us all.(that 后面 our team won 主谓宾完整,that 只负责“解释 news 的内容”,是同位语从句) The news that he told me yesterday was surprising.(told 缺宾语,that 充当了宾语,是定语从句)
再补三个易错点。其一,主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数:What he needs is more time. 别被句尾的复数名词带偏。其二,主语从句放句首时“是否”只能用 whether,不用 if:Whether he will come is still unknown. 其三,that 在主语从句里不能省略,哪怕句子再短。
随堂小练:1. ___ we need is more practice. 2. It is strange ___ she didn't call back. 3. The fact ___ she passed the driving test surprised nobody. 4. ___ the meeting will be held here hasn't been decided. 5. 判断下面 that 从句的类型:The idea that he put forward is practical.
参考答案:1. What 2. that 3. that(同位语从句)4. Whether 5. 定语从句(put forward 缺宾语)。
从句打通了,长难句就塌了一半的难度。正在冲刺考研的同学,语法是阅读和写作的共同地基,值得花一个整块的时间补齐。考研英语技巧课同步招生中,详见下一篇。
咨询电话:13980503458(蒋老师)















































































