文档内容
一、作文
【作文(一)】
TheImpactoftheMobilePhoneinPeople’sLife
Thethought-provokingdrawingmirrorsacommonphenomenonincontemporarysocietythat
thereisthenegativeinfluenceofmobilephone.Asissubtlyshowninthepicture，somanypeople
aretoomuchaddictedtocellphonesthattheyusewalkingstickstoseetheroad.Whata
meaningfulcartoon!
Itistomethatindulginginmobilephonesproducesnativeinfluencesonbodyandmind.
Firstandforemost,overusingmobilephonesisdetrimentaltophysicalhealthforwatching
mobilesforalongstretchdefinitelyimpairsone’seyesight.Supposethatamanisaddictedincell
phonesinwhateversituation,itwillbeverydisadvantageousforhimtoconcentrateonhiswork,
learning,ordailylifeandisverylikelytohurthim.Furthermore,overusingcellphonesadversely
affectsstateofmind.Anaddictmaystayinsidehisbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors,
whicheventuallypreventsthegrowthofthinkskills.
Itishightimethatwetookeffectivemeasurestocurbthistrend.Icherishabeliefthatcell
phonesthemselvesarenotgoodorbadandwecanbenefitalotfromitaslongaswetakeagood
controloverthem.
【作文(二)】
TheImpactoftheInternetontheWayPeopleCommunicate
网络对人们沟通产生的影响
Internetdoesexertsuchaprofoundeffectonourlifethatitrevolutionizesthewayof
people’slivingandthinking.Asissubtlyrevealedintheportrayal，therearetwoparentssittingin
thefrontofcomputer，whoarechattingwiththeirchildontheinternet.Whatameaningful
picture!
Frommyperspective,theelectroniccontactcannotreplacefacetofacecommunication
owingtothefollowingfactors.Tobeginwith,over-relianceonelectroniccontactwilldamagethe
interpersonalrelationship,forthecoldmachineneverreplacesawarm-heartedgreetingfaceto
face.Forexample,theagedparentswouldliketheironlysonwhoworksfarawayhometocome
backhomemoreoftenratherthantotalkwithhimontheinternetoccasionally.What’smore,face
tofacecommunicationispreferablebecauseitisbeneficialtobuildaharmonioussociety,forit
attachesmoreimportanceonhumanaffectionandfeelingsinsteadofconvenienceandspeed.
Hence,itisnecessaryforustouseInternetinareasonableway.Afterall,Internetisinvented
toconnectyouandme,andtobringconveniencestoourliferatherthansetabarriertokeep
peoplebeyondreach.Ifwewanttokeepourinterpersonalrelationshipmoreeffectively,we
第 1 页 共 23 页shouldspendmoretimewiththemfacetofaceinreallife.Onlyinthiswaycanwenotonlymake
fulluseofthecommunicationtoolonthenetbutalsomakeourrelationshiptighter.
二、听力测试（原文）
2013年12月大学英语四级听力真题 原文：听力短对话
Question1
M:Afterhighschool,I’dliketogotocollegeandmajorinbusinessadministration.
W:ButI’dratherspendmycollegedaysfindingouthowchildrenlearn.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
Question2
W:Iseverythingreadyfortheconference?
M:Theonlythinglefttodoissetupthemicrophonesandspeakers.They'llbehereinafew
minutes.
Q:Whatpreparationshaveyettobemade?
Question3
W:Isitalmosttimetogohomenow?I'msotired.Icanhardlyseestraight.
M:Justafewmoreminutes,thenwecango.
Q:Whatisthewoman’sproblem?
Question4
W:I'mnotsurewhatI’minamoodfor.Ice-creamorsandwiches?Theyarebothreallygood
here.
M:Themoviestartsinanhour.Andwestillhavetogetthereandpark.Sojustmakea
decision.
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
Question5
W:Tomsaidhewouldcometorepairoursolarheaterwhenhehastime.
M:Heoftensaysheiswillingtohelp,butheneverseemstohavetime.
Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutTom?
Question6
W:SoyouknowthatSamturnsdownthejobofferedbythetravelagency.
M:Yes.Thehourswereconvenient.Butifhehadacceptedit,hewouldn’tbeabletomake
endsmeet.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
Question7
M:Couldyoutellmeabitaboutthebusinessyourcompanyisdoing?
第 2 页 共 23 页W:Wemainlydealwithlargevolumebuyersfromwesterncountriesandourproductshave
beenwellreceived.
Q:Whatbusinessisthewoman’scompanydoing?
Question8
W:YesterdayImadereservationsformytriptoMiaminextmonth.
M:Youmustreallybelookingforwardtoit.Youhaven’thadanytimeoffforatleasttwo
years.
Q:Whatisthewomangoingtodo?
【四级听力长对话原文1】
M:Excuseme,Ineedsomeinformationaboutsomeofthetownsnearhere.
W:Whatwouldyouliketoknow?
M:Well,first,I'dlikedirectionstogotoNorwalk.Ibelievethereisaninterestingmuseum
there.Itisn'tfar,isit?
W:No,notatall.NorwalkisabouteighteenmileseastofhereonRoute7.Andyou'reright.
It'sawonderfullittlemuseum.
M:Ohgood.NowwhataboutAmitsville?Ihavesomefriends.I'dliketovisitthereandI
alsowanttogettoNewton.Theyareneareachother,aren'tthey?
W:Hmm...well,theyareactuallyinoppositedirections.Amitsvilleisnortheast.It'sabout
thirtyfivemilesnortheastofhere.
M:Huh-uh,thirtyfivemilesnortheast.AndhowaboutNewton?
W:Well,Newtonisintheotherdirection.It'ssouthwest,soitisn'treallyverycloseto
Amitsvilleatallandit'salongdrive.It'saboutfiftyfivemilessouthwestfromhereandtheroadis
notatallstraight.
M:Fiftyfivemilessouthwest!Well,maybeIwon'tgotherethistime.
W:I'drecommendvisitingWestfieldorGreatTown.Theyarebothveryclose.Westfieldis
justsevenmileswestofhereandGreatTownisaboutfivemilessouth.Theyarereallyprettylittle
townswithlotsofoldhousesandbeautifultree-linedstreets.
M:Isee.SevenmileswesttoWestfieldandfivemilessouthtoGreatTown.Good.Well,I
thinkthat'salltheinformationIneedforawhile.Thankyou.You'vebeenveryhelpful.
W:You'rewelcome,sir.Ihopeyouenjoyyourstay.
Q9:WhatdoesthemanknowaboutNorwalk?
Q10:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutAmitsvilleandNewton?
Q11:WhatdowelearnaboutWestfieldandGreatTown?
【四级听力长对话原文2】
第 3 页 共 23 页M:Err...Sandra,I'vefinishedwithMr.Gordonnow.Doyouthinkyoucouldpopthroughin
bringingmeup-to-dateontheirarrangementsfortheItaliantrip?
W:Certainly,Mr.Wilkinson.I'llbringeverythingwithme.
M:Right,takeaseat.Nowmyfirstmeetingiswhen?
W:YourfirstmeetingisonMondaythe21stat9a.m.withDr.GucciofBancosenPiedrain
Milan.
M:OK,socanIflyoutearlyMondaymorning?
W:Well,thereisaflighttoLenartyAirportwhichleavesatsixthirtyLondontimeandgets
inateightthirtyItaliantime.
M:Yeah,butthatonlyleavesmethirtyminutestoclearcustomsingettingtothecitycenter
anditmeansIhavetocheckinbyfivethirty,whichmeansleavinghomeataboutfourfifteen.
W:I'mafraidso.
M:Hmm...notsokeenonthat.What'stheprogramfortherestofthatday?
W:It'squitefull,I'mafraid.Ateleven,you'reseeingJeanaRivardatMegStarandthenyou'll
havealunchengagementwithGavenfromtheChamberofCommerceatone.
M:Where'sthat?
W:You'remeetinghimathisofficeandthenhe'stakingyousomewhere.
M:Good,thatsoundsfine.Whatabouttheafternoon?
W:Well,atthreethirty,you'reseeingoursalesrepresentativethereandthenyou'refreetill
evening.
M:Isee.IseemtorememberthatI'mhavingadinnerwithsomeonefromBergamo.
W:That'sright.AndMr.BettyfromSAPIndustriesateight.
Q12:Whatwouldthemanlikethewomantodo?
Q13:AtwhattimeisMr.Wilkinsongoingtoleavehomefortheairport?
Q14:WhoisMr.WilkinsongoingtohavealunchwithonMonday?
Q15:Whatismostprobablythewoman'sjob?
【听力短文】
ListeningPassage1
DonnaFredrick’sservedwiththePeaceCorpsfortwoyearsinBrazil.ShejoinedthePeace
Corpsaftershegraduatedfromthecollegebecauseshewantedtodosomethingtohelpother
people.Shehadbeenbroughtuponafarm,sothePeaceCorpsassignedhertoaagricultural
project.BeforeshewenttoBrazil,shestudiedPortugueseforthreemonths.Shealsolearntagreat
dealaboutitshistoryandculture.DuringhertwoyearswiththePeaceCorps,Donnalivedina
villageinnortheastBrazil.ThatpartofBrazilisverydryandfarmingisoftendifficultthere.
Donnahelpedthepeopleofthevillagetoorganiseanarrigationproject,andshealsoadvisedthem
第 4 页 共 23 页onplantingcorps.Theydidn’trequiremuchwater.WhenDonnareturnedtotheStates,she
couldn’tsettledown.Shetriedseveraljobs,buttheyseemedveryboringtoher.Shecouldn’tget
Braziloutofhermind.Finally,onedayshegotonanplaneandwentbacktoBrazil.Shewasn’t
surewhatshe’sgoingtodo.Shejustwantedtobethere.Afterafewweeks,Donnafoundajobas
anEnglishteacher,teachingfiveclassesaday.Likemostoftheteachers,shedoesn’tmakemuch
money.Shesharesasmallapartmentwithanotherteacher.Andshemakesalittleextramoneyby
sendingstoriestonewspapersintheStates.Eventuallyshewantstoquitteachingandworkasa
full-timejournalist.
Question16
WhydidDonnajointhePeaceCorpsaftershegraduatedfromcollege?
Question17
WhatwasDonnaassignedtodoinBrazil?
Question18
WhydidDonnagobacktoBrazilonceagain?
Question19
HowdidDonnamakeextramoneytosupportherself?
ListeningPassage2
ResultsofarecentHarry’spoolonfreetimeshowedthattheaverageworkweekformany
Americansis50hours.Withthetimespenteating,sleepingandtakingcareofthehousehold
duties,there’slittletimeleftforleisureactivitiesformanyAmericans.However,havingfreetime
torelaxandpursuehobbiesisimportant.Peopleneedtimeawayfromthepressuresofstudyor
worktorelaxandenjoytimewithfriendsandfamily.Inmanycountriesfreetimeisspentin
differentways.TheresultsofaHarry’spoolshowedthatreadingwasthemostpopularsparetime
activityintheUS.ThiswasfollowedbywatchingTV.InaUKsurveyonleisuretimeactivities,
watchingTVandvideoswasthemostpopular.Listeningtotheradiocamesecond.Inasimilar
surveyconductedinJapan,themostpopularfreetimeactivitywaseatingout.Thesecondmost
popularactivitywasdriving.Therewerealsodifferencesinthemostpopularoutdoorpursuits
betweenthethreecountries.ThemostpopularoutdooractivityforAmericanswasgardening.In
theUK,itwasgoingtothepub.InJapan,goingtobarsrankedeighthinpopularityandgardening
rankedninth.Althoughpeoplearoundtheworldmayenjoydoingsimilarthingsintheirfreetime,
there’sevidencetosuggestthattheseinterestsarechanging.IntheUS,forexample,thepopularity
ofcomputeractivitiesisincreasing.ManymorepeopleintheStatesarespendingtheirfreetime
surfingtheweb,emailingfriendsorplayinggamesonline.
Question20
WhatistherecentHarryPoleabout?
第 5 页 共 23 页Question21
WhatwasthemostpopularleisureactivityintheUS?
Question22
WhatwasthemostpopularoutdoorpursuitintheUK?
ListeningPassage3
OnMarch13th,whileondutyCharlesMclaughlin,averycarelessdriveremployedbythe
companyLummiswasinvolvedinanotheraccident.TheaccidentoccurredinRiversideCalifornia.
Notpayingattentiontohisdriving,Mclaughlinturnedrightonmainstreetand33rdstreetandhit
Volkswagenrabbit.Thiscausedminordamagetohistruckandseriousdamagetothecar.Onthe
basisofthepolicereport,theLummisaccidentcommitteecorrectlydeterminedthatMclaughlin
hadbeenquitecareless.Asaresultofthecommittee’sconclusion,thebranchmanagerMr.David
RossireportedthathehadtalkedwithMclaughlinabouthisextremelypoordrivingrecord.
FurtherevidenceofMclaughlin'sirresponsibilityoccurredonMay6thwhenhewasreturning
fromhisshift.Thatdayheranintoaroll-updoorattheLummisfacilityinValero,causing
significantdamagetothedoor.Damagetothetruck,however,wasminor.Finally,onJune7th,
Mclaughlinonceagaindemonstratedhiscarelessnessbyknockingdownseveralmailboxesnear
theedgeofthecompany’sparkinglot.Therewasdamagetothemailboxesandminordamageto
thetruck.Mr.DavidRossistatedthathehadspokenwithMclaughlinonseveraloccasionsabout
hisdrivingrecord.HeaddedthathehadwarnedMclaughlinthatthreepreventableaccidentsin
oneyearcouldleadtohisdischarge,asindeeditshould.
23.WhatdidtheLummisaccidentcommitteefindoutabouttheaccidentthatoccurredon
March13th?
24.WhatdidMclaughlindoonJune7thneartheedgeofthecompany’sparkinglot?
25.WhatismostprobablygoingtohappentoMclaughlin?
【听力填空】：
WhenCaptainCookaskedthechiefsinTahitiwhytheyalwaysateapartandalone,they
replied,“Becauseitisright.”IfweaskAmericanswhytheyeatwithknivesandforks,orwhy
theirmenwearpantsinsteadofskirtsorwhytheymaybemarriedtoonlyonepersonatatime,we
arelikelytogetsimilarandveryuninformativeanswersbecauseit’sright,becausethat’stheway
it’sdone,becauseit’sthecustomorevenIdon’tknow.Thereasonfortheseandcountlessother
patternsofsocialbehavioristhattheyarecontrolledbysocialnormssharedrulesorguidelines
whichprescribethebehaviorthatisappropriateinagivensituation.Normsdefinehowpeople
oughttobehaveunderparticularcircumstancesinaparticularsociety.Weconformtonormsso
readilythatwearehardlyawaretheyexist.Infactwearemuchmorelikelytonoticedepartures
fromnormsthanconformitytothem.Youwillnotbesurprisedifastrangertriedtoshakehands
第 6 页 共 23 页whenyouwereintroduced,butyoumightbealittlestartlediftheybowed,startedtostrokeyouor
kissedyouonbothcheeks.Yeteachoftheseotherformsofgreetingisappropriateinotherparts
oftheworld.Whenwevisitanothersocietywhosenormsaredifferent,wequicklybecomeaware
thatthingswedothisway,theydothatway.
【四级长对话】
9.B)Ithasaninterestingmuseum.
10.A)Theyareinoppositedirections.
11.C)Theyhavelotsofoldhouses.
点评：
显然长对话第一篇属于比较常见的“问路”话题。因此考生在考试中听到开头一两句之后
可以在试题册空白之处画一个简单的方位图或画一张list，在介绍景点时，可以在相应方位
把地名和距离迅速对号入座地记下。避免听时候，因为信息量过大头脑一片混乱。
三个问题都是考查细节，但并没有要求学生去注意Norwalk，AmitsvilleandNewton，
WestfieldandGreatTown这几个地方的具体方位及距离，因此题目难度不算太大。
12.B)InformhimofthearrangementsforhistripinItaly.
13.D)About4:15.
14.D)GavinfromtheChamberofCommerce.
15.C)Secretary.
点评：
长对话第一篇关乎商务场合，是一则老板与秘书间有关“行程安排”的对话。抓住这一主
题，第一题和第四题的答案就显而易见了。同时对于对话中如时间地点人物的具体细节要多
加留意，第二题和第三题就考查了时间和人物。因此预测可能出现较多时间和人物的话题，
注意可以在题目边上做一些简单的笔记。毕竟“好记性不如烂笔头”。
【四级短文】
16.AShehadadesiretohelpothers.
17.BWorkonanagriculturalproject.
18.DShecouldnotgetthecountryoutofhermind.
19.BBywritingstoriesforAmericannewspaper.
点评：
第一篇短文主要讲述了DonnaFredrick大学毕业之后的职业发展。DonnaFredrick=毕业
之后加入thePeaceCorps，参加农业项目，两年的时间她住在巴西的东北部，开展灌溉项目，
帮助当地居民种植无需很多水的农作物。回到美国之后尝试了几个工作，但仍一心想着巴西。
最终回到巴西做了英语老师，并给美国报纸写文章，来赚取额外的生活费。最后提到Donna
的终极理想是做一名专职记者。
文章基本上没有生僻的词汇，以报流水账一般的叙述为主;此外，考生如果对文章开头
提到的PeaceCorps不理解也不会影响做题，只需将其定义为一个组织名，中间涉及的Brazil，
Portuguese也都是大家较熟悉的单词。四个题目都是考查考生对细节的捕捉能力。
20.CTimespentonleisureactivities.
21.AReading.
22.CGoingtothepub.
第 7 页 共 23 页点评：
第二篇短文的话题是考生比较熟悉的休闲娱乐话题，。Harry在最近一次民意调查中发
现许多美国人没有多少时间用于休闲娱乐。但是又指出“文武之道，一张一弛”，人们需要一
些休息时间来平衡学习和工作。接着文章举了一些说明不同国家休闲活动都不尽相同的例
子。美国最流行的休闲活动是阅读，而在英国是看电视，在日本是上馆子吃饭;而且这三个
国家最流行的户外活动也不太一样。最后指出虽然全世界的人们有着相似的休闲活动，但是
有证据表明这些兴趣正在改变。
本篇难度其实也不大，题目都是考查学生对于原文细节的理解，第二个题目是问美国最
流行的娱乐活动，而第三个题目是问英国最流行的户外活动，考生要区别开来，避免混淆。
23.D)Mclaughlin'scarelessnessresultedinthecollision.
24.B)Heknockeddownseveralmailboxes.
25.A)Hewilllosehisjob.
点评：
第三篇短文主要讲了CharlesMclaughlin一年之内因粗心大意所发生的三次交通事故。
第一次：时间：3月13日;
描述：Mclaughlin驾驶货车在主大街第33大街向右拐弯撞上一辆小轿车。
原因：Mclaughlin粗心大意;造成的后果：卡车轻微受损，小轿车严重损坏;
第二次：时间：5月6日;
描述：Mclaughlin在换班的时候驾驶货车撞到一个卷帘门;
原因：Mclaughlin不负责任，粗心;造成的后果：卷帘门严重损坏，卡车受损;
第三次：时间：6月7日;
描述：Mclaughlin驾驶货车在公司停车场附近撞翻了几个邮筒;
原因：Mclaughlin粗心大意;造成的后果：邮筒严重受损，卡车轻微受损。
本篇文章难度同样不大。文章虽然出现了一些人名和地名，但是同学们不需要知道它们
是什么意思，人名地名不会作为考察点放在题目中，同学们需要重点分辨的是这三次事故发
生的时间，如前两篇文章一样，这篇文章题目重点也在考察考生对短文信息的捕捉能力。但
是其中有几个短语和单词需要关注一下： run into 撞上;撞到;roll-up door 卷帘门;knock
down 撞翻;parkinglot 停车场;mailbox 邮箱，邮筒;preventable 可预防的。
【四级听写】
这篇听写讲的是各地风俗习惯的差异。比如Tahiti的人们喜欢独自吃饭，而美国人吃饭
用刀叉，男士穿裤子而不穿裙子，一次只能和一个人结婚等等，当你问他们为什么会这样的
时候，他们只会说“因为这是对的。”。这就是所谓的风俗习惯，一种在特定社会文化区域内
历代人们共同遵守的行为模式或规范。人们对自己当地的风俗习惯习以为常，往往意识不到
它们的存在，只有当发现其他地方与自己地方的风俗习惯不相同时才会意识到原来各地的习
惯是不一样的。
这篇听写是今年四级改革后第一次在正式考试中的处子秀，和历年真题一样，仍然是对
动词，名词和形容词等实词的考查。不出意料，文章难度确实有所降低。最明显的地方就是
空格部分都是考生平常熟悉的四级大纲、甚至在中学期间就基本已经掌握了的词汇和短语，
像insteadof,exist,controlled,similar基本属于考生应该十拿九稳的分数。除此之外departure，
startle可能稍有些挑战性，departure是动词depart的名词形式，文中意思表示“背离”;startle
第 8 页 共 23 页表示“吃惊”。此外，这次的听写再一次考验了学生对-ed、-s等词缀的把握能力，所以大家
今后还是需要注意动词时态和名词单复数的变化，切勿因此导致一些非受迫性的失误。
答案：
1-25DBACBCADBACBDDCABDBCACDBA
26.apartandalone
27.insteadof
28.Similar
29.custom
30.Controlled
31.Define
32.exist
33.Departures
34.startled
35.Cheeks
三、 阅读
Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
What does it take to be a well-trained nurse? The answer used to be two-year associate's or
four-year bachelor’s degree programs. But as the nursing shortage 36 , a growing number of
schools and hospitals are establishing "fast-track programs" that enable college graduates with no
nursing37tobecomeregisterednurseswithonlyayearorsoof38training.
In1991.therewereonly40fast-trackcurricula;nowtherearemorethan200.TypicalisColumbia
University'sEntrytoPracticeprogram.Studentsearntheirbachelorofscienceinnursinginayear.
Those who stay on for an 39 two years can earn a master’s degree that 40 them as nurse
practitioners(执业护士）orclinicalnursespecialists.
Many students are recent 41 ; others are career switchers. Rudy Guardron, 32, a 2004 graduate of
Columbia’s program, was a premedical student in college and then worked for a pharmaceutical
(药物的）research company.At Columbia, he was 42 as a nurse practitioner. "I saw that nurses
werein high 43anditlookedlike areally goodopportunity,"hesays' "Also,Ididn'twanttobein
schoolforthatlong.”
The fast-track trend fills a need, but it’s also creating some 44 between newcomers and veterans.
"Nurses that are still at the bedside 45 these kids with suspicion," says Linda Pellico, who has
taught nursing at Yale University for 18 years. "They wonder, how can they do it quicker? The
answeristheydon't.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A） additionalF） exploresK） specializedB） appliedG） graduates
第 9 页 共 23 页L） tensionC） demandH） operationsM） trainedD） excessive
I） promoteN） viewE） experienceJ） qualifiesO） worsens
参考译文
怎样才能成为一名训练有素的护士呢？在过去,答案是两年的专科学习或者四年的本科学
习。但是， 由于护士短缺现象加剧,越来越多的学校和医院建立了"快速通道项目",这使没有
经验的大学毕业生通过 专业训练就能在一年左右成为注册护士。
1991年,美国只有40个快速通道课程,而现在则已超过200个。哥伦比亚大学的"实践人门"项目
就 是典型代表。学生用一年的时间就能获得护理专业学士学位;而那些留校继续再读两年的
学生能获得硕 士学位,有资格成为执业护士或者临床护理专家。
很多参加"快速通道"项目的学生是刚毕业的大学生,也有工作后想要转行的人。Rudy
Guardron,32岁，是哥伦比亚大学此项目2004年的毕业生。他原本是医科大学预科的学生,后
来在制药研究公司工作。他在哥伦比亚大学受训成为一名执业护士。"我意识到护士的需求
量很大,这看起来是个很好的机 会,"他说,"而且,我不想在学校待那么长时间。"快速通道"的
趋向填补了护士短缺的需求,但是也造成了新老护士之间的紧张气氛。"临床的护士带 着怀
疑的态度看待这些新人在耶鲁大学教授护理学已有18年之久的LindaPellico说他们想知道，
自己怎么能快速地成为执业护士呢?"答案是没有办法。
答案 36-45 OEKAJ GMCLN
SectionB
Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.
Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which theinformation is derived.Youmaychoosea paragraph more thanonce. Eachparagraph is
markedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Theriseofthesharingeconomy
Last night 40 000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250 000 rooms in 30
000 cities in 192 countries. They chose their rooms and paid for everything online. But their beds
were providedby private individuals,rather thana hotelchain.Hosts andguests were matchedup
by Airbnb, a firm based in San Francisco. Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people
have usedit—-2.5 million ofthem in 2012alone.Itis themostprominentexampleofa huge new
"sharing economy", in which people rent beds, cars, boats and other assets directly from each
other,co-ordinateviatheinternet.
A) You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast (家庭旅店),owning a
timeshare (分时度假房）or participating in a car pool. But technology has reduced transaction
costs, making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever —and therefore possible on a much
larger scale.The bigchange isthe availability ofmoredataaboutpeopleandthings, whichallows
第 10 页 共 23 页physical assets to be divided and consumed as services. Before the internet, renting a surfboard, a
power tool or a parking space from someone else was feasible, but was usually more trouble than
it was worth. Now websites such as Airbnb, RelayRides and SnapGoods match up owners and
renters； smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentable car is parked; social
networksprovideawaytocheckuponpeopleandbuildtrust;andonlinepaymentsystemshandle
thebilling.
What'smineisyours,forafee
B) Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer, sharing sites let
individualsactasanadhoc(临时的）taxiservice,car-hirefirmorboutiquehotel(精品酒店〉as
and when it suits them. Just go online or download an app. The model works for items that are
expensive to buy and are widely owned by people who do not make full use of them. Bedrooms
andcarsarethemostobviousexamples,butyoucanalsorentcampingspacesinSweden,fieldsin
Australia and washing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to put it,
accesstrumps （胜过）ownership.
C) Rachel Botsman, the author of a book on the subject, says the consumer peer-to-peer rental
market alone is worth $ 26 billion. Broader definitions of the sharing economy include
peer-to-peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling power back to the grid (电
网）.And itis notjustindividuals;the webmakes it easierfor companies to rentoutspare offices
and idle machines, too. But the core of the sharing economy is people renting things from each
other.
D)Such"collaborative (合作的）consumption"isagoodthingforseveralreasons.Ownersmake
money from underused assets.Airbnb says hosts in San Francisco who rent outtheir homes do so
for an average of 58 nights a year, making $ 9 300. Car owners who rent their vehicles to others
using RelayRides make an average of $ 250 a month； some make more than $ 1 000. Renters,
meanwhile, payless than they would if they bought the item themselves, or turned to a traditional
provider such as a hotel or car-hire firm. And there are environmental benefits, too: renting a car
whenyouneedit,ratherthanowningone,meansfewercarsarerequiredandfewerresourcesmust
bedevotedtomakingthem.
E) For sociable souls, meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm.
Curmudgeons (低脾气的人）who imagine that every renter is a murderer can still stay at
conventionalhotels.Forothers,thewebfosterstrust.Aswellasthebackgroundcheckscarriedout
by platform owners, online reviews and ratings are usually posted by both parties to each
transaction, which makes it easy to spotbad drivers, bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By
using Facebook and other social networks, participants can check each other out and identify
friends (or friends of friends) in common.AnAirbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011. But
theremarkablethingishowwellthesystemusuallyworks.
Peeringintothefuture
F) The shying economy is a little like online shopping, which started inAmerica 15 years ago.At
第 11 页 共 23 页first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say,
Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly,usingAirbnb ora car-hire service for the first
time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a
peer-to-peer marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers" (many of whom
started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also
provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out,
forexample.
G) Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a
sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two carmakers, in future, companies may develop hybrid
（混合的）models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles，equipment or office space) on
peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things online have not displaced the old
ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and
Tescotoadapt,soonlinesharingwillshakeuptransport,tourism,equipment-hireandmore.
H) The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes, for
example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In
some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional
taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from
harm, existingrentalbusinesseswill trytodestroycompetition.Peoplewhorentoutrooms should
paytax, ofcourse,buttheyshouldnotberegulatedlike aRitz-Carltonhotel.Thelighter rulesthat
typicallygovernbed-and-breakfastsaremorethanadequate.
I) The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet's value to consumers. This emerging
modelisnowbiganddisruptive(颠覆性的）enoughforregulatorsandcompaniestohavewoken
uptoit.Thatisasignofitsimmensepotential.Itistimetostartcaringaboutsharing.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46.Sharingitemssuchascarsdoesgoodtotheenvironment.
47.Airbnb'ssuccessclearlyillustratestheemergenceofahugesharingeconomy.
48.Themajorconcernaboutthesharingeconomyishowthegovernmentregulatesit.
49.Themostfrequentlyshareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.
50.Thesharingeconomyhasapromisingfuture.
51.Onlinesharingwillchangethewaybusinessisdoneintransportation,travel,rentals,etc.
52.Airbnbisawebsitethatenablesownersandrenterstocompletetransactionsonline.
53.Thesharingeconomyislikelytogothewayofonlineshopping.
54. One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use
第 12 页 共 23 页of.
55.Sharingappealstothesociableinthattheycanmeetnewpeople.
参考译文
A)(52)昨天晚上,4万人通过一项服务租到了房子。该服务提供了 25万间房屋,覆盖192个国家
的 3万个城市。他们在网上挑选房屋并在线支付一切费用。但是,他们的房子不是连锁酒店
而是由个人提供的。(47)撮合房客与房主的是一家总部设在旧金山的公司一一Airbnb,自2008
年开展业务 以来,该公司已经为400多万人提供过服务,仅2012年就服务过250万人。该公司是
很受欢迎的新型 "共享经济"最成功的范例。通过网络协调,人们互相之间可以直接租赁房
屋、汽车、船以及其他资产。
B) 你或许认为共享经济同经营家庭旅店、拥有分时度假房或者拼车没什么区别。但是,技术
降低了交 易成本,使同别人共享资产变得比以前更加划算和容易一一因此,这种交易规模也
可能更大。共享 经济的重大改变在于它能够让你获得更多的有关对方和租赁物的信息,从而
允许把实体资产进行分 配并作为服务供人们消费。在互联网出现之前,从他人处租赁冲浪
板、电动工具或是停车场是可行 的,但同租金相比,租赁行为本身往往更麻烦。如今,像
Airbnb、RelayRides和SnapGoods这类网站 把交易双方撮合在一起;带有GPS定位功能的智
能手机能让人们看到最近的可供租赁的汽车停在 什么位置;社交网络提供了一种核对人们
信息并且能让交易各方建立信任的方式；网络支付系统来 处理订单。
我的就是你的,但得付费
C) 如同eBay的对等商务允许任何人成为一名零售商一样,共享网站可以让个人根据自己的
情况,从 事临时出租车服务、开设租车公司或是精品酒店的业务。所有这一切只要上网或是
下载一款应用程序即可。(49)这种模式适用于那些价格昂责而已经拥有它的人却无法物尽其
用的物品。最明显的 例子就是房子和汽车。除此之外,你还可以租赁瑞典的露宿营地、澳大
利亚的农场以及法国的洗衣 机。共享经济推广者的口头禅就是:共享胜过拥有。
D) 对此写过一本专著的RachelBotsman说,仅消费者的对等租赁市场就价值260亿美元。广
义上的 共享经济还包括对等放贷或在你的房顶上安装一块太阳能电池板,然后把生产出来
的电力卖给电网 公司。当然,共享经济并不仅限于个人。网络让公司更轻易地将多余的办公
室和闲置的机器租赁出 去。但是,共享经济的核心是互相租赁东西的个人。
E) 此类"协作消费"之所以是一件好事有以下几个原因。(54)所有者可以从利用率不足的物品
中赚取费用。Airbnb称,旧金山市的那些平均每年将房屋出租58天的房主,每年能有9300美元
的收入。 那些使用RelayRides的服务将自家汽车租赁给别人的车主每月平均收入为250美
元,有些甚至超 过了 1000美元。与此同时,同自己购买或是从旅馆和租车公司等传统的租赁
商那里承租相比,承 租人的费用也降低了不少。(46)共享经济还有益于环保。在需要时租车
而不是买车,这意味着汽车 的需求量减少,那么用于制造汽车所需求的资源也必定会越来越
少。
F) (55)对善于交际的人来说,待在自己的家里就可以结交新朋友是共享经济的一个魅力所
在。把每个 房屋出租者当作谋杀犯的性格個强的人仍能住在传统的旅馆里。对于其他人来
第 13 页 共 23 页说,网络可以增进信 任。由于软件平台的管理方对交易方的背景进行核实,交易方通常都要对
每笔交易进行在线打分和 评级,这使得人们容易识别出懒惰的司机、偷浴衣的小偷以及把冲
浪板弄坏的人。通过使用 Facebook和其他社交网络,参与者可以相互进行身份验证,鉴别出
谁是朋友(或者朋友的朋友）。一 位Airbnb用户的公寓在2011年被破坏了。但是,值得注意的
是,这个系统通常运转良好。
关注共享经济的未来
G)(53)共享经济有点像15年前始于美国的网上购物。开始的时候,人们对它的安全性有所担
心。但 是,在经历了一次成功购物后，比如说在亚马逊网站，人们对在其他网站进行购物就
感到放心了。同 样,有了第一次使用Airbnb或者某项租车服务的经验就会鼓励人们去尝试
其他服务。其次,看一看 eBay。开始的时候,eBay只是一个对等市场,而如今的eBay已被专
业的"强力卖家"所主导(其中许 多人创业时只是eBay的普通卖家）。(53)同样的情况也可能
发生在共享经济上,这也能给企业提供新的机遇。比如说,有些人之所以买车就是为了把车租
出去赚钱。
H) 现有的租赁企业也正在涉足这一行业。租车公司Avis入股了其共享经济对手,通用汽车
和戴姆勒 这两个汽车制造商也这样做。未来,公司可能发展成溜合模式,只要是用不着或者是
难以物尽其用 的商品(不管是交通工具、各种装备还是办公空间)都可以放到对等租赁网站
上。过去,在线交易的 新方式没有完全取代传统模式。但前者经常改变后者。就像在线购物
迫使沃尔玛和乐购做出调整那样，(51)网络共享将改变交通、旅游、装备出租和更多的行业。
I)(48)人们主要的担心在于监管的不确定性。例如:房屋出租者也要缴纳旅馆税吗？在荷兰，
阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追踪没有菅业执照的旅馆。在美国的一些城市，
由于传统的 出租车公司的游说,一些城市已经取消了对等租车服务。共享经济面临的危险在
于,尽管有些法规 需要更新才能保护消费者免受伤害,现有租赁企业会尽其所能破坏竞争。把
房子租给别人的房屋出 租者当然应该纳税,但是当局不能把这些人当作丽思卡尔顿酒店一
样来监管。通常用来监管连锁家 庭旅店的那些相对较轻的监管措施更适用。
J)共享经济是互联网对于消费者的价值的最新例证。(50)对于监管者和传统企业来说,这种新
兴的模 式的冲击力之大足以令他们惊醒。这是其巨大潜力的一个信号。是时候开始重视共
享经济了。
答案46-55 EAICJ HAGEF
答案详解
46. 【定位】由cars和environment定位到E)段最后—句。
E) 【精析】细节辨认题。定位段详细阐释了共享经济 "协作消费"的三大优势:一是物尽其用
并可以赚 取费用;二是承租费用降低;三是有益于环境。在 谈到第三大优势时,作者以租赁汽
车为例来说明 租赁能够减少汽车的需求量,制造汽车的资源需 求也会相应降低,从而有利于
环保。由此可知,共 享汽车有益于环保。题干是对第三大优势的概括,故答案为E)。
47. 【定位】由题干中的Airbnb,huge和sharingeconomy定位到A)段最后三句。
第 14 页 共 23 页A) 【精析】细节推断题。A)段以Airbnb为例，通过 列举数字来说明共享经济已初见成效。
定位句中 的 4million,2.5million 等数字表明,Airbnb 在 开展业务的短短几年的时间里,它
的共享经济模式已经取得了巨大成功，随后类推这种经济模式 很受欢迎,有巨大潜力。题千
是对定位句的推断 总结,故答案为A)。
48. 【定位】由题干中的majorconcern和regulates定 位到I)段第一句。
I)【精析】同义转述题。定位段主要讲述了人们对于 政府如何监管共享经济心存担优，并
举例说明，如 阿姆斯特丹的官员正在利用Airbnb的列表来追 踪没有营业执照的旅馆,美国
一些城市也因传统 出租车公司的游说取消了对等租车服务。这些例子都表明共享经济的发
展受到传统势力的阻烧，政府如何处理两者的关系成为共享经济能否发展 的重要因素。题
干中的majorconcern和howthegovernmentregulatesit 是对原文中 mainworry和regulatory
uncertainty的同义转述,故答案为I)。
49. 【定位】由题干中的expensivetobuy和notfullyused定位到C)段第三句。
C)【精析】同义转述题。C)段意在说明共享经济的 交易模式和交易物品。作者认为,共享经
济模式尤其适用于那些价格昂贵而又无法物尽其用的物 品,房子和汽车就是明显的例子。题
干中的 most frequently shared items 和 not fully used 是对原 文中 The models works for
items 和 donotmakefulluseofthem 的同义转述,expensivetobuy 则 与原文直接对应，故
答案为C)。
50. 【定位】由题干中的sharingeconomy和promisingfuture定位到J)段第二、三句。
J)【精析】细节辨认题。J)段意在说明共享经济崛起的事实。这种正在崛起的模式冲击力之
大足以令 监管者和传统企业清醒,这表明共享经济模式有巨大的潜力，前景广阔。题千中的
promisingfuture对应原文中的immensepotential,故答案 为J)。
51. 【定位】由题干中的Onlinesharing和transportation,travel,rentals定位到H)段末句。
H)【精析】细节辨认题。定位段主要讲述了两方面内 容:一是传统租赁行业也涉足于共享经
济;二是共 享经济模式影响了传统的经菅模式。在讲述第二 方面的内容时,作者做了一个推
论:大前提是网络 共享改变了传统的经菅模式,小前提是网上购物 改变了沃尔妈和乐购的经
营方式,结论是网络共享必定会改变一些行业传统的经营模式。题干中的 change 和
transportation,travel, rentals 是对原文中 shakeup 和 transport,tourism,equipment-hire的同
义转述,故答案为H)。
52. 【定位】由题〒中的Airbnb,website和online定 位到A)段第一至四句。
A) 【精析】细节归纳题。定位段以Airbnb为例说明 共享经济已初现端愧并列举数字佐证,
数以万计 的房客和房主通过Airbnb网络平台联系在一起， 从挑选房屋到支付一切费用都
是在线完成。简而言之,Airbnb 是一个联系房主和房客的网络平台。 题干中的 complete
transactionsonline 是原文中的 Theychosetheirroomsandpaidforeverythingonline的同义转
述,故答案为A)。
第 15 页 共 23 页53. 【定位】由题干中的sharingeconomy和onlineshopping定位到G)段第一句。
G) 【精析】细节推断题。定位段开始指出共享经济有 点像网上购物,然后作者进一步说明
两者的相似 之处:一是用户从担心到信任这种过程;二是这种 模式为商家提供机遇。作者由
此推断,共享经济 同样也会经历类似的过程.故答案为G)。
54. 【定位】由题干中的earnmoney和itemsnotmadefulluseof定位到E)段第二句。
E) 【精析】同义转述题。定位处从出租者、承租者和 环保三个方面说明"协作消费"的优势。
对于出租 者来说,他们可以物尽其用并有所收人,作者引用 了 Airbnb和'RelayRides两家网
络平台的数据来 说明"协作消费"对出.租者的优势。题干中的 itemsnotmadefulluseof 是对
原文中 underusedassets的同义转述,故答案为E)。
55. 【定位】由题干中的thesociable和meetnewpeople定位到F)段第一句。
F) 【精析】同义转述题。定位段提到两种人:一种人 喜欢社交，正因如此，共享经济深深
地吸引了他 们;另一种人脾气個强,不信任他人,这种人不赞同共享经济。题干中的appealsto,
the sociable 和 meetnew people 是对原文中 charm, sociablesouls, meeting new people的同
义转述，故答案 为F)。
SectionC
PassageOne
Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are
influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our
eatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.
Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can
increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size
andlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.
Anew studysuggestedthatourshort-term memory alsomay playarole inappetite.Severalhours
after a meal, people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by
howmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.
This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on
our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of
experimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled solely bythe physical characteristics of a recentmeal.Wehave identified
anindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal，"Brunstromsays."Thisshowsthattherelationship
第 16 页 共 23 页betweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought."
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our
body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same
3S0-calorie ( 卡 路 里 ） milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of
hunger-relatedhormones（荷尔蒙），dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620
or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd
consumedahigher-calorieshake.
What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves
into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding
TVandmultitaskingwhileeating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite,
Brunstromsays.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?
A)Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C)Whenweeatourmeals.
B)Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D)Howfastweeatourmeals.
57.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?
A)Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.
B)Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.
C)Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.
D)Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.
58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?
A)Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.
B)Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.
C)Hungerlevelsdependonone'sconsumptionofcalories.
D)Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.
59.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?
第 17 页 共 23 页A)Trickourselvesintoeatingless.C)Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.
B)Choosefoodwithfewercalories.D)Pickdishesoftherightsize.
60.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A)Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.
B)Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.
C)Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.
D)Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.
56~60答案 ADBCB
参考译文
(56)(60)近年来,越来越多的研究表明:除了对能量的生理需要外,人们的食欲和食物摄取受到
诸多 因素的影响,包括人们的饮食环境和对面前食物的认知。
研究表明，例如,在电视机(或者类似的消遣)前饮食能够同时增加饥饿感和食物的摄取量。即
使是筒 单的视觉信号，比如餐盘的尺寸和灯光,也被证实会对食物分量和摄取量造成影响。
(60)新的研究显示人们的短期记忆同样对食欲起作用。(57)饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的
不是 他们已食用的食物量,而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,换言之,是他们所记得的食
物量。
布里斯托大学实验心理学教授JeffreyM.Brunstrom认为:这种差异表明人们之前的饮食记忆
对食 欲造成的影响可能超过食物的真实数量对食欲造成的影响。
"饥饿程度不仅仅与最近所食食物的特征有关。我们已经确认了最近饮食在记忆中的独立作
用 Brunstrom说,"这表明饥饿程度和食物摄取之间的关系要比我们想象的复杂得多。"
这些发现印证了早期的研究。(60)早期研究表明，人们对食物的认知有时会欺骗身体对食物
作出反应.例如：（58)在2011年的一项研究中,参与者在两个不同场合食用了同样含有380卡路
里的奶昔,但是 根据奶昔标签上标注的是620卡路里还是140卡路里,参与者分泌出了不同水
平的与饥饿相关的荷尔蒙。 而且,根据报告，当参与者认为自己食用了高卡路里的奶昔时,
他们感觉更饱。
这对于人们的饮食习惯意味着什么呢？尽管新发现在让人减少饮食方面显得不切实除,但是
确实能使人们认识到专注于食物、避免饮食时看电视或同时进行多项活动的益处。
(59)Brunstrom说,所谓的"用心饮食"策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制食欲。
56. 【定位】由题干中的appetite和foodintake定位 到首段第一句。
第 18 页 共 23 页A) 【精析】事实细节题。文章开篇指出了人们的食欲 和食物摄取受到诸多因素的影响，
包括人们的饮 食环境和对面前食物的认知,故答案为A)。
57. 【定位】由题干中的remembered和previousmeal 定位到第三段第二句。
D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出,饭后几小时,决定人们饥饿程度的不是他们已食用的食
物量，而是他们吃饭时面前所见到的食物量,也就是说,影响人们饥饿程度的是他们记忆中的
食物量而不是胃里的食物量。由此可推断,记忆对饮食造成影 响，如果记忆中上顿饭吃了很
多,那么不管是不是 真的吃了很多,都不会感觉太饿,故答案为D)。
58. 【定位】由题干中的2011study定位到第六段第 二句。
B) 【精析】细节归纳题。定位句详细描述了 2011年 的一项研究。在研究中，参与者在两
个不同场合 食用了相同卡路里的奶昔，但是奶昔标签上分别 标注了 620卡路里和140卡路
里,结果显示,根据 标注的中路里含量,参与者分泌了不同水平的与 饥饿相关的荷尔蒙，而且
当食用了标注620卡路 里的奶昔时,他们感觉更饱。实际上两份奶昔的 卡路里含量是相同
的，由于标签标注的不同,让人产生自我暗示,使人体对食物产生了不同的反应。 故答案为
B)。
59. 【定位】由题干中的controlourappetite定位到文
章最后一句。
C)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句指出，所谓的"用心饮 食"策略能够对抗干扰,帮助人们控制
食欲。也就 是Brunstrom建议我们通过"用心饮食"策略控制 饮食用心饮食"和前文中提到的
"专注于食物" 相照应,故答案为C)。
60. 【定位】由题干中的mainidea定位到各部分主题 句。如第一段的第一句、第三段的第
一句、第六段 的第一句和最后一句。
B)【精析】主旨大意题。全文可分为三个部分,第一 部分提出论点——人们的食欲和食物摄
取受到包括环境和对食物的认知等诸多因素的影响。第二部分引用相关科学研究论证这些影
响因素，特别 指出饮食环境、对食物的记忆、食物包装上的标签 对人产生的心理暗示作用
影响饮食。最后一部分 提出通过专注饮食来控制食欲的建议。对食物及 饮食环境的认知，
对食物的记忆，食物标签产生的 心理暗示等都属于心理因素,统观全文,作者一直 围绕心理
因素对食欲的影响展开论述，故答案 为B)。
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these
resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schools and
collegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.
第 19 页 共 23 页High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than
many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage
students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or
interest,andnowhavethehighestcollegedropoutrateintheworld.
Wemight look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well
as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德）and the intellectual skills needed for
continued learning and development. I recommend Harvard's 2011 "Pathways to Prosperity"
report for more attention to the "forgotten half" (those who do not go on to college) and ideas
abouthowtoaddressthisissue.
Simultaneously,theliberalarts becomemoreimportantthanever.Inaknowledge economy where
professional roles change rapidly and many college students are preparing for positions that may
not even exist yet, the skill set needed is one that prepares them for change and continued
learning.
Learning to express ideas well in both writing and speech, knowing how to find information, and
knowing how to do research are all-solid background skills for a wide variety of roles, and such
training is more important than any particular major in a liberal arts college. We need to continue
tovaluebroadpreparationinthinkingskillsihatwillserveforalifetime.
Students also need to learn to work independently and to make responsible decisions. The
lengtheningpathto adulthoodappearsexacerbated(惡化）byparentalinvolvementinthe college
years. Given the rising investment in college education, parental concern is not surprising, but
learning where and when to intervene (干预）will help students take more ownership of the
outcomesoftheseincreasinglycostlyeducations.
注意：此部分试越请在答题卡2上作答。
61.Whatkindofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?
A)Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.
B)Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.
C)Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.
D)Itensuresthatstudents'expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.
62.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithpresenthighschooleducation?
A)Ignoringtheneedsofthosewhodon'tgotocollege.
B)Teachingskillstobeusedrightaftergraduationonly.
C)Givinglittleattentiontothosehavingdifficultylearning.
第 20 页 共 23 页D)Creatingthehighestdropoutrateinthedevelopedworld.
63.Whatcharacterizesaknowledgeeconomyaccordingtothepassage?
A)Peoplehavetoreceivehighereducationtoqualifyforaprofessionalposition.
B)Studentsmajoringinliberalartsusuallyhavedifficultysecuringajob.
C)Newpositionsareconstantlycreatedthatrequirepeopletokeeplearning.
D)Collegesfindithardtoteachstudentshowtocopewiththechangingeconomy.
64.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaliberalartscollegeshouldfocuson?
A)Solidbackgroundknowledgeinaparticularfield.
B)Practicalskillsurgentlyneededincurrentsociety.
C)Basicskillsneededforchangeandlifelonglearning.
D)Usefulthinkingskillsforadvancedacademicresearch.
65.Whatsuggestiondocstheauthoroffertoparents?
A)Rethinkingthevalueofhighereducation.
B)Investingwiselyintheirchildren'seducation.
C)Helpingtheirchildrenlobringtheirtalentintofullplay.
D)Avoidingtoomuchinterventionintheirchildren’seducation.
61~65答案 BDCCD
参考译文
我们的社会应该反思花费在教育上的时间和金钱,以便这些资源能使更多的人受益。(61)理想
上,高中和大学都应该能培养可以适应未来角色变化的学生。
(62)高中学历所提供给学生的就业准备远比预期少,或者远比目前其他国家所提供的少,因而
造成了 经济中不新扩大的技能差距。不管学生有没有做好准备,有没有明确的目标或兴趣,
我们都鼓励他们继续读大学,因而产生了自前世界上最高的大学辍学率。
我们可以借鉴其他国家的做法,学习高中阶段如何提供更好的培训，同时培养学生勤奋工作
的美德及 继续学习和发展所需的心智技能。我向大家推荐哈佛大学2011年"迈向繁荣之路"
报告,来更多地关注 "被遗忘的一半"(那些没上大学的人)以及解决这一问题的观点。
第 21 页 共 23 页同时,人文科学比以往任何阶段都更重要。(63)在知识型经济中，职业角色迅速变化,很多大
学生为 之准备的职位甚至可能还不存在,他们所需的是能让他们适应变化和继续学习的技
能组合。
(64)学会在书面和口头陈述中很好地表达观点,知道如何寻找信息及如何作调查研究都是为
适应各 种不同角色所应具备的扎实的背景技术。在文理学院,此类的培训比任何一门专业都
重要。我们需要继续重视并广泛培养将会終生受益的思维技能。
学生们还需要学会独立学习,学会做出负责任的决定。由于家长在大学阶段的参与,通向成年
的漫长 道路看起来好像更长了。考虑到对大学教育不断攀升的投资,家长的担心也不足为
奇，(65)但是学会如何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂责的教育所带来的成果。
答案详解
61. 【定位】由题干中的ideal定位到第一段第二句。
B) 【精析】语义理解题。定位句指出:理想上,高中和 大学都应该能培养学生适应未来角色
的变化。此 句表明在未来社会中，人们的角色会不断发生变 化,理想的教育就是能培养适
应这种变化的人才，也就是说,理想的教育可以满足未来社会的需求，故答案为B)。
62. 【定位】由题干中的problem,highschool定位到第二段。
D)【精析】事实细节题。作者在文章第二段论述了目 前高中教育的问题,如提供给学生的就
业准备不 足,造成了经济中不断扩大的技能差距。盲目鼓 励学生读大学造成了目前世界上
最高的大学綴学 率,故答案为D)。
63. 【定位】由题干中的knowledgeeconomy定位到 第四段第二句。
C) 【精析】细节推断题。定位句提到，在知识型经济 中,职业角色变化迅速,很多大学生为
之准备的职位甚至可能还不存在。由此可推断,知识型经济 的特征是职业的迅速变化,新的职
位不断地被创 造,有些读书时还不存在的职位可能在毕业时出 现,届时,在学校里学到的知
识就远远不够了，因此人们需要持续学习来适应这些不断被创造出的 新职位，故答案为C)。
64.【定位】由题干中的liberalartscollege定位到第 五段第一句。
C)【精析】细节归纳题。文章第五段提到在文理学 院,这些培训比任何一门专业都重要。"
这些培训"指上文提到的"学会在口失和书面陈述中很好 地表达观点，知道如何寻找信息并
且知道如何作 调査研究",而这些技能培训是为了适应未来的变 化，故答案为C)。
65.【定位】由题干中的suggestion和parents定位到 文章最后一句。
【精析】细节归纳题。最后一段提到由于家长在 大学阶段的参与，通向成年的漫长道路看
起来好 像更长了 ",这句话我们可以理解为家长在大学阶 段过多参与孩子的教育会影响孩
子的成长。文章 最后指出"学会何时何地进行干预将会有助于学生享受这些日益昂贵的教育
所带来的成果。"也就是说，作者建议家长学会适当的参与，避免过多的干预,这样才能使孩
子更好地成长,使教育取得更 大的成效,故答案为D)。
第 22 页 共 23 页翻译参考译文
Many people are fond of Chinese cuisine. In China, cooking is regarded not on
ly as acraftsmanship, but also as an art. 'Well-prepaied Chinese cuisine is bot
h tasty and good-looking. The culinary skills and dish ingredients vary in diff
erent regions of China. However,good Chinese cuisine always shares somethin
g in common, that is, the color, aroma, taste andnutrition. As food is vital f
or one's health, a good chef is always trying to strike a balanceamong grain,
meat and vegetables. That's why Chinese cuisine is tasty and healthy.
第 23 页 共 23 页
