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2024 年中考英语新课标话题综合突破
06-人与社会(四)----科学与技术 (B卷)
一、完形填空
A
Chinese scientists said they had developed robotic fish that could “eat” microplastics (微塑料) while moving
through the water. Researchers working on the project say the robots could be 1 in cleaning up plastic
pollution in oceans.
The project was 2 by a team at Sichuan University in southwestern China. The researchers said the
robots had already performed well in shallow (浅的) water and that they planned to carry out more tests in 3
water.
The team said the robotic fish could be 4 by light. Turning on and off the near-infrared light laser (近
红外激光) causes the fish’s tail to move. It can swim at a 5 of about 3.5 cm per second.
Wang Yuyan was a member of Sichuan University’s research team. She told Reuters that the small robotic
fish were being used to 6 microplastics for research purposes. But Wang added that the team planned to
expand (扩展) that use, so the robotic fish could remove larger amounts of microplastic 7 from deep ocean
areas.
“The robotic fish can take in different kinds of microplastics and even 8 itself when it is broken,” the
researchers said. “And if a robot fish is accidentally eaten by a real fish, the real fish can 9 digest (消化) the
material. So it does no harm.”
Wang said similar robots could be developed to be placed inside human bodies to remove 10
materials. And there is still much to be improved for the robots.
1．A．strange B．dangerous C．helpful D．helpless
2．A．laughed at B．given up C．put off D．set up
3．A．cold B．clean C．deep D．hot
4．A．controlled B．developed C．recorded D．destroyed
5．A．number B．price C．speed D．distance
6．A．sell B．collect C．buy D．produce
7．A．information B．tool C．waste D．fish
8．A．wash B．repair C．enjoy D．relax
9．A．safely B．carelessly C．probably D．hardly
10．A．good B．important C．normal D．harmful
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B
A well-known manufacturer (制造商) of weighing machines produced a new kind of machine.
The machine had a computer inside it, and this computer could do 1 things: it could weigh people very
accurately (精确地); it could tell them their weight in their own 2 ; and it could tell them 3
they should eat to keep fit.
The manufacturer decided to try out his machine 4 he sold it to the shops.
He looked around for a good place to put it and 5 chose an airport. There were always people at an
airport from many different 6 .
The 7 person to use the machine was a woman from Italy. She stood on the machine, put a coin in and
waited to hear her weight.
The machine took only a second or two to weigh her, decide on 8 nationality (国籍) and the language
she spoke, and 9 what kind of food she should eat.
“Good morning, madam,” it said in perfect Italian. “Your weight is 72 kilos, three 10 than it should be
for a woman of your height, age and nationality. This is because you have been eating too much spaghetti. I suggest
you eat more fruit and vegetables to 11 some weight. Please have a nice day.”
The next person to use the machine was a Chinese girl. She stood on the machine, put a coin in and waited to
hear her weight.
“Good morning, Miss,” the machine said in perfect Chinese. “Your weight is 38 kilos, exactly the correct
weight
12 your height, age and nationality. 13 to eat what you are eating. Please have a nice day.”
The third person to use the machine was a 14 Australian woman. She walked up to the machine and
looked at it for a long time. At last she found the 15 to stand on the machine and put a coin in. The machine
spoke immediately. “Good morning. Will one of you ladies please get off?”
1．A．wonderful B．normal C．strange D．important
2．A．way B．language C．room D．office
3．A．that B．what C．how D．where
4．A．when B．until C．after D．before
5．A．suddenly B．directly C．finally D．naturally
6．A．countries B．cities C．towns D．states
7．A．best B．first C．last D．only
8．A．his B．her C．my D．your
9．A．take out B．work out C．put out D．bring out
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10．A．heavier B．thinner C．more D．less
11．A．save B．avoid C．lose D．reach
12．A．as B．with C．by D．for
13．A．Stop B．Remember C．Refuse D．Continue
14．A．huge B．thin C．smart D．brave
15．A．courage B．confidence C．dream D．excuse
二、阅读理解
A
Using ‘fake’ animals to free real ones
Hologram (投影) Zoo in Australia is the world’s first zoo to use hologram technology to show animals, Visitors
don’t see real animals like bears or elephants. They see more than 50 animals created by hologram technology. The
zoo not only provides a new zoo experience, but can also free real animals from their cages. To bring down the cost,
Bruce, CEO of Hologram Zoo, built his factory where he worked on hologram technology.
A special sleeping pill
Sleeping problems are common in our stressful world. Many people use sleeping pills to get enough sleep. But they
can be bad for our health. Here’s a “pill” that helps you fall asleep quickly without any side effects. It’s called “The
Chill Pill”. It is not a pill but a small tool that you can hold in your hand. It sends out little electric pulses (电子脉冲)
that can relax your brain and lower your stress levels. When you hold it, you will feel relaxed and fall asleep quickly.
The easiest to repair
Last year, around 5.3 billion mobile phones became waste. This created a need for phones that can be fixed easily
instead of being thrown away. The newest phone called the G22, is the most advanced phone that can be easily
repaired. If the screen breaks or the battery dies, anyone who has a small screwdriver (螺丝刀) and five minutes can
put in a new one. This saves users a lot of time waiting for repair and keeps the phone from becoming a waste.
Protecting the warming planet with AI’s help
Methane Emissions (甲烷排放) are bad for Earth. They are a big reason for climate change. However, neither human
eyes nor most satellites in space can see the emissions, so they are difficult to locate. A team of scientists developed
a new AI-powered tool, They gave the AI 167, 825 satellite images (图像). It has now “learned” to find methane
emission. With AI, scientists can get to know some of the strongest emission areas more quickly.
1. What’s special about Hologram Zoo in Australia?
A．Seeing 50 bears or elephants. B．Freeing real animals.
C．Building a factory by Bruce. D．Increasing the cost.
2. The Chill Pill, a special sleeping pill, __________.
A．is often taken to get enough sleep B．is thought to be bad for our health
C．requires electric pulses to work D．helps sleep quickly without any side effects
3. The reason for using the newest phone, the G22, is that it __________.
A．can be fixed easily and quickly B．can save time instead of wasting
C．repairs the screen and battery itself D．has a small screwdriver of its own
4. Which of the following is difficult to locate?
A．Climate change. B．Human eyes.
C．Methane Emissions. D．Satellites in space.
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5. What does the underlined word “It” refer to?
A．The AI-powered tool. B．The satellite image.
C．The methane emission. D．The strongest emission area.
6. This material can most probably be read __________.
A．in a book on adventure B．in a magazine on science
C．in an entertainment guide D．in a movie advertisement
B
How do plants grow in space? An experiment at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese
astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to
support long-term space flights.
“The rice seedlings are growing very well,” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist at the Center for Excellence in
Molecular Plant Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on
July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30
centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters.
While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its
kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant
producing new seeds.
The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly
produced seeds and bring them back to Earth for further studies, Zheng added.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a
different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射
线) may make it hard for the plants to grow.
Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the Apollo 11 mission, the
first humans to land on the moon in July 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space.
If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing much food has to
be taken on space flights.
1. What does “cultivate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．find B．grow C．waste D．cook
2. What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2?
A．To make us interested in space exploration. B．To tell us about the scientists’ work.
C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings. D．To show the rice experiment is going well.
3. What does Paragraph 5 tell us?
A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space. B．There’s no micro-gravity or air in space.
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C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space. D．How rice is taken and grown in space.
4. What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A．Future space missions. B．The importance of the rice experiment.
C．The best food choices for astronauts. D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history.
5. Where may we read the passage?
A．In a travel magazine. B．In a science magazine.
C．In a sci-fi novel. D．In books about the birth of the universe.
C
As new technology is introduced, there are many who worry about its influence on our jobs. It is believed that
with the rise of robotics and artificial intelligence, many people’s jobs are likely to be lost to automation (自动化).
Automation in the work place is nothing new. Machines have been doing boring and repetitive tasks for us for
years. In fact, the International Federation of Robotics says that in manufacturing (制造业) there are now 74 robots
per 10,000 employees (员工). That has risen from 66 in 2015.
General Manager of a tech firm Nuance, Bernard Louvat, believes that “AI is a big threat to low-skilled jobs, no
question.” He also thinks that AI chatbots will replace (取代) most call centre workers within a few years.
And that’s just one industry. A recent report from the McKinsey Global Institute, says that nearly two thirds of
all jobs could have at least 30% of their activities automated by 2030.
However, McKinsey also believes that this new technology will also “create new jobs that do not exist today,
much as technologies in the past have done.”
“It’s an evolution (演化) of work,” says Ian Barkin, a robotic process automation expert. As low-skilled jobs
are taken on by AI, people will need to learn new skills. “This calls on us to focus on up-skilling. Technology can
lead to job reductions but it doesn’t have to,” says Barkin.
Whether or not robotics and AI will leave us all jobless remains to be seen. Views on the subject are mixed.
Increased automation could indeed lead to a loss of some jobs, but at the same time is likely to create many more as
new skills are required. Will they balance out? I’ll get my AI assistant to get back to you on that one.
1. According to Paragraph.1, what do many people worry about?
A．Rising cost of living. B．Increase in job satisfaction.
C．Reduction in job chances. D．Improvement in skill requirements.
2. According to Bernard Louvat, who may meet the greatest challenge of AI?
A．Engineers. B．Drivers. C．Scientists. D．Lawyers.
3. Which of the following is McKinsey’s opinion?
A．AI has little influence on low-skilled industries.
B．We should pay attention to improving our skills.
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C．All jobs could have at least 30% of their activities automated by 2030.
D．AI presents challenges to low-skilled jobs, but it also creates new jobs.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
A．Will robots create more jobs? B．Robots take on our jobs.
C．Will robots cost us our jobs? D．Robots change our jobs.
D
On Feb. 15, a new video model called Sora promises to create a video up to a minute long from a short text
description. Just tell Sora your idea, and watch it make a video right before your eyes. Sora is described as “eye-
popping”, “world-changing”, and “breathtaking, yet scaring.”
The videos from OpenAI’s Sora are full of details. One video of a Tokyo street scene shows that Sora has
learned how objects fit together in 3-D: the camera goes into the scene to follow a couple as they walk past a row of
shops. Sora knows how things should look in real life.
Sora looks at many videos and learns from them by breaking them into very small bits. It uses these bits to
make a new video. The new video is grey at first and very messy. Then, Sora fixes the video until it looks good and
smooth. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT, which turns the user’s short sentences into clear instructions. This helps
Sora make the video just as you asked.
Sora may find “busy” pictures hard to understand. For example, when a person moves, things around them
change. In one video created by Sora, a grandma blows the candle on a birthday cake, but the flame (火焰) doesn’t
move. Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right”.
OpenAI also says that Sora deals with occlusion well. But one problem is that they fail to follow objects when
they are out of sight. For example, if a truck passes in front of a street sign, the sign might not reappear afterward.
In a video of a papercraft underwater scene, Sora has added what looks like cuts between different pieces of
footage (镜头), and the model has kept the same style between them. But it’s not perfect. In the Tokyo video, cars to
the left look smaller than the people walking beside them. They also pop (突然出现) in and out between the trees.
“There’s some work to be done,” says Brooks. “For example, if someone goes out of view for a long time, they
won’t come back.”
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“Sora seems like a very important leap forward,” says Sam Gregory, a human rights organization that
specializes in the use and misuse of video technology. “But there are two sides of the coin,” he says. “The
meaningful abilities help many more people to be storytellers using video. And there are also possibilities for
misuse.”
OpenAI has also realized the risks that come with a video model. The OpenAI team plans to draw on the safety
testing. “We’ll need to get more feedback (反馈) and learn more about the types of risks that need to be solved with
video before it would make sense for us to put Sora into use,” says Ramesh.
1. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “occlusion”?
A．being seen B．being followed C．being covered D．being dropped
2. The following sentence would best be placed at the end of _________.
Perhaps it will be an imagination tool or a misinformation machine.
A．Paragraph 4 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 2 D．Paragraph 1
3. The next part of the passage may be about _________.
A．the safety testing B．the misuse of Sora
C．two sides of Sora D．another video model
4. What can most possibly be the writer’s real purpose?
A．To encourage us to use Sora to make short videos.
B．To explain to us how to use Sora to create short videos.
C．To remind us to care about the problems and risks Sora has.
D．To introduce what advantages Sora will bring to our daily life.
三、任务型阅读
With the development of technology, our city life is becoming more and more “smart”.
In recent years, Chinese technology companies have worked hard to speed up the use of robotaxis. In June
2023, Baidu carried out its driverless ride-hailing (打车) service in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Its Apollo Go robotaxis
have been put into use in Shenzhen from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m. daily.
Passengers can download Apps like Apollo Go or Baidu Map to their smartphones. Then tell the App where
they are and where they want to go. After that, a car will appear. With sensors (传感器) and cameras placed all over
the car, a computer takes full control of the drive safely. A screen on the back seats shows how the robotaxi’s
software (软件) looks at the space around the car to see other cars, humans, bikes, and anything else that might get in
its way.
How do people use Apollo Go to get a ride?
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Chart Ⅰ
The following is about the user satisfaction rating (比率) for the Apollo Go App during the first quarter of
2023. According to the latest data (数据), 97.12 percent of the reviews are five-star ratings.
Meanwhile, drivers in the city can also enjoy the convenience of smart transportation, In Guiyang, at some
smart parking lots, drivers only need to park their cars at an induction line (感应线). A smart system(系统) can put
the cars into a specific (特定的) area. When drivers want to get back their cars, they make a request on the terminal
device (终端设备) and the car will come out of the parking lot by itself in about one minute.
All in all, smart transportation uses new technologies to make moving around a city easier and safer.
1. How many hours do Apollo Go robotaxis work in Shenzhen every day?
_____________________________________________________________
2. Please fill in the blank of Step 2 in Chart Ⅰ.
_____________________________________________________________
3. Why can Apollo Go robotaxis drive on the road safely?
_____________________________________________________________
4. What can you learn from Chart II?
_____________________________________________________________
5. How can drivers in Guiyang get back their cars in the smart parking lots?
_____________________________________________________________
6. What do you think the future life will be like? What smart thing do you want to have?
_____________________________________________________________
四、短文填空
A
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阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。
Should we use artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) in schools? Some people may say no, but many experts
think we should use it in a good way. They 1 (say) AI can help us learn better. Zheng Qinghua, president of
Tongji University, said it’s important for us 2 (use) AI in education. He believed that AI could help us learn
new things and get better at what we study. He also 3 (suggest) that young people should improve their
understanding of the knowledge created by technology.
In fact, AI already 4 (become) more and more important for teaching and learning. Zheng stressed the
widespread use of different models (模型), such as Emie Bot, an AI chatbot (聊天机器人) developed by Baidu.
It 5 (write) papers, solve science problems and do homework.
Students also 6 (use) AI for their study in the past years. A survey made by online learning platform Study
showed that 89 percent of students had used Chat GPT to help them do homework.
However, some people worry that it may bring the problem of academic integrib (学术诚信) and bad influence
on education. Instead of simply 7 (use) AI to give answers or finish homework and tests, people should focus on
using AI to help students be creative and have the ability of solving real-world problems, said Zheng.
Colin Bailey, president of Queen Mary University of London, said that as AI develops fast, it 8 (be) more
and more used in our lives. Stopping AI from being used in schools is not the answer. Instead, we should think about
how to use it safely and in the right way.
To achieve it, people around the world are working on rules to make sure AI 9 (use) in a good way. In the
US, people 10 (make) a plan to protect people’s rights with chatbots. China also has some interim measures (临
时的措施) for managing AI services.
B
At the 2024 Spring Festival Gala, many wonderful shows were presented to people around the world.
By 1 (use) modern technologies, the gala made the virtual (虚拟的) and real worlds together.
One of 2 (great) shows of the gala was in the Xi’an branch venue (分会场). The Xi’an branch venue
connected the traditional and modern worlds to provide a poetic show for the people. So the people were
able 3 (enjoy) the Lunar New Year atmosphere (氛围) of Xi’an.
4 people’s surprise, Li Bai, a Chinese famous poet from the Tang Dynasty, “came” to the branch venue in
Xi’an. He wore ancient Tang Dynasty clothes 5 walked along the local streets. Standing on the top of the
ancient building. Li Bai read “the water of the Yellow River comes from the sky”. People 6 (touch) by his
words which were filled with strong feelings. They seemed to 7 (quick) travel back to ancient times for a
moment, standing in front of the great poet. Thanks to modern technologies, people can see Li Bai communicating
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and drinking with a modern man, who is a famous 8 (act). And viewers in Xi’an could even scan (扫描) local
building outlines with their mobile phones to talk with the poet. People all had 9 unusual experience and
increased their pride in Chinese traditional culture.
This poetic performance continued, becoming an attraction of Xi’an’s 10 (culture) activities. It attracts
tourists from all over the world, who want to try the interesting experience that the gala offered.
五、书面表达
A
中国人一直为古代的四大发明感到骄傲。如今，新的四大发明——高铁、电子支付、共享单车、网上
购物再次影响着人们的生活，请你写一篇英语短文，向外国友人介绍其中一项你认为最重要的新四大发明
并说明理由，帮助外国友人更好地了解中国。
注意：(1)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名等；
(2)词数：80—100(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
Now China has once again shown its ability to change the world with its “four great new inventions”.
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B
假设你是李华，学校科技节将举办题为“AI in Our Life(生活中的AI)”的中英双语演讲比赛。请根据以
下提示写一篇英文演讲稿，包含以下内容：
AI的好处AI在生活中的应用，请举例说明。
AI的影响人类对AI过度依赖带来的影响，请举例说明。
你的看法 ……
要求：1. 80词左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数内)；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称；
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3. 可适当增加细节，以使语句通顺、条理清楚、意义连贯；
4. 书写规范，卷面整洁。
AI in Our Life
Dear teachers and fellow students,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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That’s all. Thank you!
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