2026人教英语八下讲义和练习Unit8_新人教八下资料包_16讲义与同步练习带答案（全）

2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 Unit 8 Making a Difference 单元讲义 一、单元主题与内容总览 本单元围绕 “ Making a Difference（发挥作用）” 展开，核心探讨志愿服务的意义、不同 场景的志愿工作及如何通过帮助他人产生积极影响。内容涵盖三大模块： 1. 志愿服务认知：识别常见的志愿活动（如照顾老人、清理海滩、动物收容所义工），学习用 英语谈论志愿经历（如服务时长、具体工作），理解志愿服务对他人和社会的价值； 2. 志愿实践与表达：通过 “蓝天救援队志愿者的演讲”“罗伯特申请动物收容所义工” 等案例， 学习描述志愿工作的困难与收获，掌握撰写志愿申请邮件的结构与表达； 3. 实践任务：设计 “发起志愿小组” 项目，引导学生分组确定志愿主题（如帮助老人、清理自 然区域），制作招募海报并展示，提升团队协作与英语应用能力。 本单元旨在帮助学生掌握 “谈论志愿经历与表达服务意愿” 的英语表达，培养社会责任 感，同时巩固现在完成时（与 since/for 连用）的用法。 二、学习方法与建议 1. 词汇记忆：“ 志愿场景 + 动作” 关联记忆将核心词汇与具体志愿场景绑定（如 “animal shelter ” 关 联 “clean cages/feed animals” ， “ nursing home” 关 联 “ look after the elderly/play chess” ，“charity organization” 关联 “collect donations/hand out food” ），结合单元例句仿写 ，如 ： “Volunteers at the nursing home help the elderly stay active by exercising with them.” 2. 语法练习：“ 时长表达 + 时态” 巩固针对现在完成时与 since/for 的搭配，围绕 “ 志愿经历” 造句（如 “for：I have volunteered for three months. ；since：I have volunteered since last September” ）；可制作 “ 志愿时长表” ，用英语记录自己或他人的志愿服务时间，强化用 法。 3. 口语表达：模拟 “ 志愿面试”参考课本 2d、3d 的对话模板，和同学分别扮演 “面试官” 与 “志愿申请者” ，用 “ How long have you...? → What do you usually do? → Why do you want to volunteer?” 的 流 程 练 习 ， 如 ： Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer before?Applicant: I have been a volunteer at a community park for two months.Interviewer: 第 1 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 What did you do there?Applicant: I helped clean up litter and guide visitors. I also learned how to work with a team. 4. 阅读拓展：积累 “ 志愿收获” 表达阅读单元 B 部分 “蓝天救援队演讲” 时，摘抄志愿收获 相关短语（如 “ learn life-saving skills”“understand teamwork”“value every life”），整理成 “志愿感悟手册” ，为写作和实践任务做准备。 三、考点解析 （一）核心单词 1. volunteer / vɒlən 'tɪə(r)/n. 志愿者；v. 自愿做 ' 搭配：volunteer work 志愿工作；volunteer at a nursing home 在养老院做义工 例句：Teng Fei has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last year. 2. organization / 'ɔ:ɡənaɪ 'zeɪʃn/n. 组织；机构 搭配：charity organization 慈善组织；volunteer organization 志愿组织 例句：The first speaker works for a football organization as a volunteer. 3. provide /prə 'vaɪd/v. 提供；给予 搭配：provide help 提供帮助；provide information 提供信息；provide sb with sth 给某人 提供某物 例句：Volunteers at the art museum provide visitors with information about paintings. 4. donation /də 'neɪʃn/n. 捐赠物；捐赠 搭配：collect donations 收集捐赠物；make a donation 进行捐赠 例句：Rose collects donations for the animal shelter to buy food for the animals. 5. shelter / 'ʃeltə(r)/n. 庇护所；收容所 搭配：animal shelter 动物收容所；homeless shelter 流浪者收容所 例句：Robert wants to volunteer at an animal shelter to take care of dogs and cats. 6. elderly / 'eldəli/adj. 上了年纪的；n. 老人 第 2 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 搭配：the elderly 老人；look after the elderly 照顾老人 例句：Teng Fei exercises with the elderly to help them stay active. 7. practical /'præktɪkl/adj. 实用的；实际的 搭配：practical skills 实用技能；practical experience 实际经验 例句：Volunteering with Blue Sky Rescue has taught the speaker many practical life-saving skills. 8. teamwork / 'ti:mwɜ:k/n. 团队合作 搭配：good teamwork 良好的团队合作；importance of teamwork 团队合作的重要性 例句：The speaker says teamwork is the key to successful rescues in Blue Sky Rescue. 9. value / 'vælju:/n. 价值；重要性；v. 重视 搭配：the value of life 生命的价值；value help from others 重视他人的帮助 例句：Volunteering has taught the speaker the value of every life. 10. ordinary / 'ɔ:dnri/adj. 普通的；平凡的 搭配：ordinary people 普通人；ordinary life 平凡的生活 例句：The Blue Sky Rescue volunteer says he is just an ordinary person, but he rushes into danger to save others. 11. worth /wɜ:θ/adj. 值得的 搭配：be worth doing 值得做；worth the effort 值得努力 例句 ：Seeing the smiles of the people he helps makes Harry’s volunteer work worth the effort. 12. audience / 'ɔ:diəns/n. 听众；观众 搭配：speak to the audience 向听众演讲；large audience 大量观众 例 句 ： The Blue Sky Rescue volunteer gave a speech to a large audience about his experiences. 13. donate /də 'neɪt/v. 捐赠；赠送 搭配：donate money 捐款；donate books 捐赠书籍 第 3 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 例句：Harry donates his pocket money to the charity organization to help people in need. 14. active / 'æktɪv/adj. 活跃的；积极的 搭配：stay active 保持活跃；active volunteer 积极的志愿者 例句：The elderly need to exercise every day to stay active. 15. success /sək 'ses/n. 成功 搭配：achieve success 获得成功；success in volunteering 志愿工作的成功 例句：Good teamwork is important for the success of rescue missions. （二）重点短语 1. make a difference 有（重要）作用；产生影响 例句：Even small volunteer work can make a big difference in someone’s life. 2. help out 分担工作；帮忙做 搭配：help out at a sports event 在体育赛事中帮忙；help out with chores 帮忙做家务 例句：The volunteer helps out at the stadium by cleaning up after matches. 3. sign up 报名；注册 搭配：sign up for a volunteer program 报名参加志愿项目；sign up with an organization 加入某组织 例句：The speaker signed up with Blue Sky Rescue in 2009 and has been a volunteer ever since. 4. ever since 自从； 自…… 以后 例句：Rose has been a volunteer at the animal shelter for two years, and she has loved the work ever since. 5. provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物 例 句 ： The art museum volunteers provide visitors with detailed information about the paintings. 6. collect donations 收集捐赠物 第 4 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 例句：Volunteers at the animal shelter collect donations to buy food and medicine for the animals. 7. look after 照顾；照料 搭配：look after the elderly 照顾老人；look after sick animals 照顾生病的动物 例句：Robert used to look after his pet dog, so he knows how to take care of animals. 8. be worth the effort 值得努力 例句：Although volunteering is tiring, it is worth the effort when you see the happiness you bring to others. 9. hand out 分发；散发 搭配：hand out food 分发食物；hand out leaflets 散发传单 例句：Harry helps hand out hot meals to people in need at the charity organization. 10. in need 处于贫困中；生活困难 例句：The volunteer group focuses on helping people in need, such as the homeless and the elderly. （三）重点句子 1. How long have you been a volunteer? I’ve been a volunteer for two years.（你做志愿 者多久了？我做志愿者两年了。） 解析：“ How long have you + 过去分词” 用于询问 “ 动作持续的时间” ，回答用 “ have/has been + 名词 / 形容词 + for + 时间段” ；“for ” 后接具体时长（如 two years/three months），单元 1d、3d 对话中高频用于谈论志愿服务时长。仿写：—How long have you been a volunteer at the animal shelter? —I’ve been a volunteer for three months. 2. I’ve been a volunteer here since last August.（自从去年八月以来，我就一直是这里的志 愿者。） 解析：“since” 后接具体过去时间（如 last August/2023），表 “动作从过去某一时间开始， 持续到现在”；单元 Grammar Focus 中用于强调志愿经历的起点，与现在有联系。仿写：She has been helping the elderly since she joined the youth group. 第 5 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 3. Volunteering has taught me the value of every life and the importance of teamwork. （志愿服务教会了我生命的价值和团队合作的重要性。） 解析：“ has taught” 是现在完成时，表 “过去的志愿动作对现在造成的影响（学到的道 理）”;单元 B 部分志愿者演讲中用于总结志愿收获，体现志愿服务的意义。仿写：Working at the animal shelter has taught me to be patient with all living things. 4. Will you join us as a volunteer? Together we can make a difference!（你愿意加入我们 做志愿者吗？我们一起就能产生影响！） 解析：“join sb as + 身份” 表 “ 以某身份加入某人” ；“ make a difference” 是单元核心短 语，用于呼吁他人参与志愿工作，单元 B 部分演讲结尾的 “号召行动” 即为此用法。仿写： Will you join us as a volunteer at the beach clean-up? Together we can make the beach cleaner! （四）重点语法：现在完成时（与 since/for 连用） 本单元核心语法为现在完成时与 since/for 的搭配，重点用于描述 “ 志愿工作等动作从过 去开始并持续到现在的时长” ，明确动作的延续性。 1. 构成与搭配规则 时间 含义 用法 例句 标志 可用于所有 时态的 “ 时 后接时间 长” 表达， 段（表 —How long have you been a 现在完成时 f “持 中 volunteer?—I’ve been a volunteer for 续了 three years.（我做志愿者三年了。） 表 “动作从 多 过去持续到 久”） 现在的时长” —How long has she worked at the animal 后接具体 仅用于完成 shelter?—She has worked there since last sin 过去时间 时，表 “动作 summer.（自从去年夏天以来，她就一直在 / 过去动 从过去某一 那里工作。）—He has loved volunteering 作（表 “从 时间 / 动作 第 6 页 共 13 页第 6 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 时间 含义 用法 例句 标志 何时 开始，持续 he helped the elderly for the first time. 开 到现在” （自从第一次帮助老人后，他就热爱志愿服务 2. 关键注意事项 . 动词类型：现在完成时与 since/for 连用时，谓语动词需为延续性动词（如 be, work, volunteer, live 等），不可用非延续性动词（如 start, join, finish 等）。 . 错误： × He has joined the organization for two years. . 正确：√ He has been a member of the organization for two years. . 时态区分：“for + 时间段” 可用于一般过去时（表 “过去持续了多久” ），但与现在完成时 连用时，强调 “动作持续到现在” ；“since” 仅用于完成时。 . 一般过去时：He worked as a volunteer for a month last year.（去年他做了一个月志愿 者。 —— 现在已不做） . 现在完成时：He has worked as a volunteer for a month.（他已经做了一个月志愿者。—— 现在仍在做） 3. 句型转换 . 对 “for/since” 引导的时长提问，用 How long： . 例句：She has been a volunteer since 2022. → How long has she been a volunteer? . 肯定句变否定句，直接在 have/has 后加 not： . 例句：I have been a volunteer for two years. → I haven’t been a volunteer for two years. （五）作文指导 写作主题：My Volunteer Experience（我的志愿经历） 写作要求： 第 7 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 1. 介绍你的一次志愿经历（如养老院义工、动物收容所帮忙、社区清理），说明服务的地 点、时长及具体工作； 2. 描述志愿过程中的感受与收获（如帮助他人的快乐、学到的技能）； 3. 字数不少于 80 词，正确使用现在完成时（与 since/for 连用）和单元核心词汇（如 volunteer、 make a difference 、help out 等）。 写作结构： 开头段：引入志愿经历基本信息模板：Last year, I became a volunteer at __________（地点， 如 “a local animal shelter”“a nursing home” ）. I have been working there for __________（时 长，如 “six months” ）, and I have never felt bored. 中间段：描述具体工作与过程模板：My main work is to __________（具体工作，如 “clean the animals’ cages and feed them”“exercise with the elderly and play chess with them” ）. Every weekend, I spend two hours there. Last month, I even helped __________ （特别事 件 ，如“collect donations for the shelter”“teach an old lady to use a mobile phone”）. Although it’s tiring sometimes, I feel happy when I see __________（感受触发点，如 “the animals look healthy”“the elderly smile” ）. 结尾段：总结收获与感悟模板：This volunteer experience has taught me a lot. I have learned the value of helping others and the importance of patience. I know even small actions can make a difference. I will keep being a volunteer because it makes my life more meaningful. 四、过关检测 （一）单项选择（10 题） ( ) 1. —How long __________ you __________ a volunteer at the animal shelter? —For about three months. A. do; be B. have; been C. did; be D. will; be ( ) 2. The volunteer __________ at the beach clean-up organization for seven years. She loves protecting the environment. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work ( ) 3. —When did you start volunteering at the nursing home?—I __________ a volunteer there __________ last August. 第 8 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 A. have been; since B. am; for C. was; since D. will be; for ( ) 4. Volunteers at the art museum __________ visitors with information about paintings every weekend. A. provide B. provided C. have provided D. will provide ( ) 5. Harry __________ his pocket money to the charity organization since last year. He wants to help people in need. A. donates B. donated C. has donated D. will donate ( ) 6. —Why do you keep volunteering?—Because it __________ me the value of every life and makes me happy. A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. will teach ( ) 7. The speaker __________ with Blue Sky Rescue since 2009 and has saved many people. A. signs up B. signed up C. has signed up D. will sign up ( ) 8. —How long has Rose been a volunteer at the animal shelter? —__________ two years. She started in 2022. A. For B. Since C. In D. On ( ) 9. Volunteer work __________ a big difference in the lives of the homeless. They now have warm meals every day. A. make B. makes C. made D. will make ( ) 10. —Have you ever __________ in a volunteer program before? —Yes, I helped out at a sports event last year. A. take part B. taken part C. join D. joined （二）完形填空（10 题） I have a meaningful volunteer experience to share. Last year, I joined a charity organization to help people in need. I 1 __________ a volunteer there for over a year now, and I have learned a lot. Every Saturday morning, I go to the organization to help out. My main job is to 2 __________ hot meals to the homeless. Sometimes, I also collect donations from kind people—most of 第 9 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 them are clothes and books. Last month, we had a special activity to raise money for sick children. I helped hand out leaflets and talk to people about the activity. Many people donated money, and we 3 __________ over 5,000 yuan in total. This experience has changed me. Before, I was quite shy, but now I am more confident when talking to others. I have also learned to be more patient—some elderly people need extra time to explain things to. Most importantly, I know that even small actions can 4 __________. When I see the smiles on the faces of the people I help, I feel that all my effort is worth it. I 5 __________ volunteering in the future. It not only helps others 6 __________ makes my life more meaningful. My parents often support my volunteer work, and they say it’s a good way to understand the world. Last week, I brought my classmate Lily to the organization. She was nervous at first, but soon she started to help 7 __________ the donated clothes. Now she also comes to volunteer every weekend. Some people think volunteering is tiring, but I never feel that way. Every time I help someone, I get a warm feeling in my heart. Once, an old man told me that my help made him feel less lonely. His words made me realize how 8 __________ volunteer work is. I believe that 9 __________ more people join us, we can help more people in need. Volunteering has become an important part of my life. I will keep doing it, and I hope it can 10 __________ more people to care about others. ( ) 1. A. am B. was C. have been D. will be ( ) 2. A. hand out B. take back C. put away D. pick up ( ) 3. A. raise B. raised C. have raised D. will raise ( ) 4. A. make a mistake B. make a difference C. make a decision D. make a plan ( ) 5. A. continue B. continued C. have continued D. will continue ( ) 6. A. and B. but C. so D. or ( ) 7. A. sort B. sorts C. sorted D. sorting 第 10 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 ( ) 8. A. important B. difficult C. boring D. easy ( ) 9. A. if B. though C. until D. unless ( ) 10. A. encourage B. encourages C. encouraged D. encouraging （三）语法填空 Volunteering is a great way to help others and grow yourself. I 1 __________（be）a volunteer at a local nursing home for six months now. I started there last October, and I 2 __________ （love）the work ever since. Every weekend, I spend two hours with the elderly. I 3 _________（ exercise ）with them to help them stay active, and I sometimes 4（play）Chinese chess with them. Last week, I 5 _________（teach）an old lady how to use a mobile phone to video call her family. She was so happy that she gave me a big hug. This experience 6 __________（teach）me a lot. I 7 __________（learn）to be more patient and kind. I 8 __________（also make）many new friends—both the elderly and other volunteers. I 9 __________（ not stop）volunteering here because it makes me feel that I am making a difference. I 10 __________（hope）more people will join us to help those in need. （四）范文 写作任务： 以 “ My Volunteer Experience” 为题，写一篇短文，介绍你的一次志愿经历（如动物收容 所义工、社区服务），包含 “基本信息 — 具体工作 — 收获感悟” ，字数 80-100 词， 需使用现在完成时（与 since/for 连用）和单元核心词汇（如 volunteer 、help out 、 make a difference 等）。 第 11 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 （五）答案和解析 （一）单项选择 1. B（现在完成时，“ How long” 提问时长，用 “have + been” ，选 B） 2. C（现在完成时，“for seven years” 表持续时长，用 “has worked” ，选 C） 3. A（现在完成时 + since ，“since last August” 表起点，用 “have been” ，选 A） 4. A（一般现在时，“every weekend” 表常态，用 “ provide” ，选 A） 5. C（现在完成时，“since last year” 表持续，用 “ has donated” ，选 C） 6. C（现在完成时，“教会我生命的价值” 是过去动作对现在的影响，选 C） 7. C（现在完成时，“since 2009” 表持续，用 “has signed up” ，选 C） 8. A（for + 时间段，“for two years” 表持续两年，选 A） 9. B（一般现在时，“ 志愿工作产生影响” 是常态，主语为不可数名词，用 “ makes” ，选 B） 10. B（现在完成时，“take part in” 表 “参加活动” ，过去分词为 “taken part” ，选 B） （二）完形填空 1.C（现在完成时，与 “for over a year now” 搭配，表从过去加入慈善组织到现在持续担任 志愿者的状态，符合单元中 “用现在完成时描述持续志愿经历” 的语法要求）。 2.A（hand out 意为 “分发”，对应志愿者为无家可归者分发热餐的常见工作内容，贴合单 元中对志愿工作场景的描述）。 3.B（一般过去时，“ last month” 明确指向过去时间，描述过去为患病儿童筹款活动中 “筹 集到 5000 多元” 的具体动作，符合单元中 “叙述过往志愿事件时的时态使用逻辑” ）。 4.B（make a difference 是单元核心短语，意为 “产生影响”，呼应单元 “ Making a Difference”的主题，体现 “ 即使微小行动也能为他人带来改变” 的核心思想）。 5.D（一般将来时，“in the future” 表未来时间，体现 “未来将继续参与志愿工作” 的规划， 符合单元中 “对志愿行动的长期展望” 语境）。 6.A（and 表并列关系，与前文 “not only” 搭配，体现 “ 志愿工作既帮助他人，也让自身 生活更有意义” ，符合单元中 “ 志愿服务兼具利他与自我成长价值” 的内容）。 7.D（help doing sth 为固定用法，表 “帮忙做某事”，此处 “ help sorting the donated clothes”对应志愿者整理捐赠衣物的工作场景，符合单元中对志愿具体任务的表述）。 8.A（important 意为 “重要的”，结合老人 “ 因帮助减少孤独感” 的反馈，体现对志愿工作 价值的认知，符合单元中 “志愿者感悟志愿意义” 的核心内容）。 9.A（if 引导条件状语从句，表 “如果更多人加入志愿队伍，就能帮助更多困难人群” ，符 合单元中 “ 呼吁他人参与志愿工作” 的逻辑）。 10.A（情态动词 “can” 后接动词原形，“encourage” 表 “鼓励”，体现 “志愿工作传递正能 量，带动更多人关爱他人” ，符合单元中 “志愿精神传递” 的主题）。 （三）语法填空 1. have been（现在完成时，“for six months” 表持续，用 “have been”） 2. have loved（现在完成时，“ever since” 表持续，用 “ have loved”） 第 12 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习 3. exercise（一般现在时，“every weekend” 表常态，用 “exercise”） 4. play（一般现在时，“sometimes” 表常态，用 “play”） 5. taught（一般过去时，“last week” 表过去，用 “taught”） 6. has taught（现在完成时，“教会我很多” 是过去动作对现在的影响，用 “has taught”） 7. have learned（现在完成时，“学会耐心” 是持续到现在的收获，用 “ have learned”） 8. have also made（现在完成时，“交到朋友” 是持续到现在的结果，用 “have made”） 9. won’t stop（一般将来时否定式，“不会停止志愿工作” ，用 “won’t stop”） 10. hope（一般现在时，“希望更多人加入” 是现在的想法，用 “ hope”） （四）范文 My Volunteer Experience I have been a volunteer at an animal shelter for five months. I joined it because I love animals, and this experience has made my life more colorful. Every Sunday morning, I help out at the shelter. My work includes cleaning the animals’ cages, feeding them, and taking small dogs for walks. Last month, I helped collect donations—many people gave us food and toys for the animals. It was tiring but happy when I saw the dogs wag their tails at me. This experience has taught me to be more responsible. I know even looking after a small animal needs patience. I will keep volunteering because it makes a difference to the animals’ lives. I hope more people will love and protect animals with us! 第 13 页 共 13 页