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2026
人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元讲义
一、单元主题与内容总览
本单元围绕 “ Nature's Temper（自然的脾气）” 展开，核心探讨自然灾害的影响、应对方
法及防灾准备。内容涵盖三大模块：
1. 自然灾害认知：识别常见自然灾害（如地震、台风、海啸、野火等），学习用英语描述灾害
发生时的场景（如强风、暴雨、巨浪）及人们的即时反应（如躲避、救援）；
2. 灾害应对与准备：通过 “ 蒂莉预警海啸”“ 台风中的应急措施” 等案例，学习灾害发生时的自
救方法（如躲避到安全区域、提前储备物资），了解防灾准备的重要性（如加固窗户、关
注天气预报）；
3. 实践任务：设计 “连锁故事” 项目，引导学生分组创作关于自然灾害（如野火、暴风雪）的
故事，整合单元语法（过去进行时）和词汇，提升灾害场景的英语表达能力。
本单元旨在帮助学生掌握 “描述自然灾害与应急反应” 的英语表达，树立防灾安全意识，同
时巩固过去进行时的用法。
二、学习方法与建议
1. 词汇记忆：“灾害 + 动作” 关联记忆将核心词汇与灾害场景的具体动作绑定（如 “typhoon”
关 联 “ close windows/store food” ， “ tsunami” 关 联 “ warn/run to high
ground”，“earthquake”关联 “hide under the table”），结合单元例句仿写，如：“When the
earthquake started, I was hiding under the desk.”
2. 语法练习：“场景 + 时态搭配” 巩固针对过去进行时，围绕 “不同灾害场景” 造句，重点练
习 “when/while” 的搭配（如 “ 台风中：I was walking home when the rain started. While
it was raining, I met a friend.” ）；可制作 “灾害时态表” ，标注 “持续动作（过去进行时）”
与“短暂动作（一般过去时）”, 强化用法。
3. 口语表达：模拟 “灾害采访”参考课本 1d、2d 的对话模板，和同学分别扮演 “记者” 与
“灾害经历者” ，用 “What were you doing when...?”“ How did you feel?” 的流程练习，
如： Reporter: What were you doing when the typhoon hit?Experiencer: I was cooking
with my
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mom. We quickly turned off the gas and hid in the living room.Reporter: Did you make
any preparations before?Experiencer: Yes, we bought some water and snacks the day
before.
4. 阅读拓展：积累 “ 防灾知识” 表达阅读单元 B 部分 “ 蒂莉预警海啸” 故事时，摘抄防灾相
关短语（如 “tsunami warning”“make preparations”“stay calm”），整理成 “ 防灾手册” 笔
记，为写作和实践任务做准备。
三、考点解析
（一）核心单词
1. earthquake /'ɜ:θkweɪk/n. 地震
搭配：hit an earthquake 遭遇地震；survive an earthquake 从地震中幸存
例句：Kate was doing homework when the earthquake started.
2. typhoon /taɪ 'fu:n/n. 台风
搭配：typhoon hit 台风登陆；prepare for a typhoon 为台风做准备
例句：The typhoon brought strong winds and heavy rain to the coast.
3. tsunami /tsu: 'nɑ:mi/n. 海啸
搭配：tsunami warning 海啸预警；tsunami sweep through 海啸席卷
例句：Tilly Smith warned people about the coming tsunami and saved many lives.
4. flood /flʌd/n. 洪水；v. 淹没
搭配：flood water 洪水；flood the streets 淹没街道
例句：Heavy rain caused floods in the town, and many people had to leave their homes.
5. wildfire / 'waɪldfaɪə(r)/n. 野火
搭配：put out a wildfire 扑灭野火；wildfire spread 野火蔓延
例句：Firefighters worked day and night to put out the wildfire in the forest.
6. warn /wɔ:n/v. 警告；提醒
搭配：warn sb of sth 警告某人某事；warn sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
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例句：The neighbour warned Xinyi of the coming flood in time.
7. preparation /ˌ prepə 'reɪʃn/n. 准备（工作）
搭配：make preparations 做准备；preparations for disasters 防灾准备
例句：Haitao’s family made preparations before the typhoon, so their house was safe.
8. rescue /'reskju:/v. & n. 救援；营救
搭配：rescue people 营救人们；carry out a rescue 实施救援
例句：Volunteers joined the rescue to help people trapped in the flood.
9. safeguard / 'seɪfɡɑ:d/v. 保护；捍卫；n. 安全设施
搭配：safeguard people from disasters 保护人们免受灾害；safety safeguards 安全设施
例句：The city built walls to safeguard buildings from floodwater.
10. refuse /rɪ 'fju:z/v. 拒绝
搭配：refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事；refuse help 拒绝帮助
例句：Tilly refused to walk further when she noticed the signs of a tsunami.
11. floodwater / 'flʌdwɔ:tə(r)/n. 洪水
搭配：floodwater rise 洪水上涨；floodwater reach 洪水蔓延到
例句：After the typhoon, floodwater nearly reached the first floor of the house.
12. landslide / 'lændslaɪd/n. 滑坡；塌方
搭配：landslide block the road 滑坡阻断道路；avoid landslide areas 避开滑坡区域
例句：A landslide along the road made the bus late for school.
13. alarm /ə 'lɑ:m/n. 警报（器）；v. 使警觉
搭配：alarm clock 闹钟；fire alarm 火警警报；alarm go off 警报响起
例句：Ma Li’s alarm clock didn’t go off, so she woke up late.
14. sudden / 'sʌdn/adj. 突然的
搭配：sudden earthquake 突发地震；all of a sudden 突然
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人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
例句：All of a sudden, the wind became stronger and the sky turned dark.
15. rescue /'reskju:/n. 救援
搭配：rescue team 救援队；rescue work 救援工作
例句：The rescue team arrived quickly to help people after the typhoon.
（二）重点短语
1. go off （警报器、闹钟等）突然响起
例句：Ma Li’s alarm clock didn’t go off, so she missed the early bus.
2. all of a sudden 突然；猛地
例句：All of a sudden, thunder rolled and it started to pour.
3. make preparations 做准备
搭配：make preparations for 为… … 做准备
例句：We should make preparations for natural disasters, like storing food and water.
4. warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
例句：The weather report warned people of the coming typhoon.
5. sweep through 席卷；横扫
例句：The tsunami swept through the coastal village and destroyed many houses.
6. put out 扑灭；熄灭
搭配：put out a fire 灭火
例句：Firefighters worked hard to put out the wildfire in the mountains.
7. by the time 到…… 的时候
例句：By the time Ma Li reached the classroom, the teacher had already arrived.
8. out of breath 上气不接下气
例句：Ma Li ran to the classroom out of breath because she was late.
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9. as a result 因此；结果
例句：Many students were late due to the rainstorm. As a result, the teacher cancelled the
test.
10. go wrong 出现问题；发生故障
例句：Ma Li’s day went wrong from the start—her alarm didn’t ring and she missed the bus.
（三）重点句子
1. What were you doing when the typhoon hit? I was reading with my children.（台风登
陆时你在做什么？我正在和孩子们读书。）
解析：此句用 “过去进行时（was/were + doing）+ when + 一般过去时” 结构，描述 “过
去某一短暂动作（台风登陆）发生时，另一持续动作（读书）正在进行” ，是单元核心语法用
法，高频用于描述灾害发生时的场景。仿写：—What were you doing when the earthquake
started?
—I was having dinner with my family.
2. While we were driving home, the strong winds started.（我们正开车回家时，强风开始
了。）
解析：“while” 引导时间状语从句，后接过去进行时，表 “两个持续动作同时发生”；主句用
一般过去时，表 “较短动作突然发生”，单元 3a 对话中用于描述台风中的突发情况。仿写：
While I was waiting for the bus, it started to rain heavily.
3. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over
100 lives.（多亏了她的知识和快速反应，一个女学生拯救了 100 多人的生命。）
解析：“thanks to” 表 “ 多亏；由于”，后接名词短语，用于说明灾害中成功救援的原因；“ be
able to” 表 “ 能够”，强调通过努力实现的结果，单元 B 部分用于赞扬蒂莉的行为。仿写：
Thanks to the neighbours’ help, we moved our things to safety before the flood came.
4. It was raining hard while we were driving back, and we almost got into an accident.
（我们开车返回时雨下得很大，我们差点出车祸。）
解析：“it was raining hard” 描述灾害中的天气状况，“while” 引导从句表持续动作，“almost
got into an accident” 表突发危险，整体用于还原灾害中的紧张场景，单元 3a 对话中高频出
现。仿写：It was snowing heavily while we were walking home, and we could hardly see the
road.
（四）重点语法：过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）
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本单元核心语法为过去进行时，主要用于描述 “过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作”，尤
其适用于自然灾害场景中 “持续动作与突发动作的搭配”。
1. 构成
. 肯定式：主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing
. 单数主语（I/he/she/it）用 was，复数主语（we/you/they）用 were
. 例句：She was doing homework when the earthquake hit.（地震发生时，她正在写作业。）
. 否定式：主语 + was/were not + 动词 - ing（缩写：wasn’t/weren’t）
. 例句：They weren’t watching TV—they were preparing for the typhoon.（他们没在看电
视，他们正在为台风做准备。）
. 疑问式：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 - ing？
. 例句：—Were you sleeping when the alarm went off？（闹钟响时你在睡觉吗？）—Yes, I
was. （是的，我在睡。）
2. 核心用法
（1）描述 “过去某一时刻正在进行的动作”
常与 “at 8 o’clock last night”“this time yesterday” 或 “when + 一般过去时句子” 连用，
强调 “动作在特定时间点持续”。
. 例句：At 7 p.m. yesterday, we were having dinner when the typhoon started.（昨天晚上 7
点，我们正在吃晚饭，这时台风开始了。）
（2）描述 “过去某段时间持续进行的动作”
常与 “while”“during” 等词连用，或用 “from...to...” 明确时间段。
. 例句：While the typhoon was blowing, people were staying inside their houses.（台风刮着
的时候，人们都待在屋里。）
（3）搭配 “when/while” 描述 “两个动作的关系”
连词 用法 例句
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连词 用法 例句
后接一般过去时（短暂动
I was reading when the phone rang.（电话
wh 作），主句用过去进行时
响时，我正在读书。）
（持续动作）
后接过去进行时（持续动 While my mom was cooking, I was doing
作），主句可用过去进行 homework.（妈妈做饭时，我正在写作业。）
whi 时（两个持续动作）或一
While we were walking, it started to rain.（我
般过去时（短暂动作）
们走路时，开始下雨了。）
语法易错点：
. 过去进行时不能与 “yesterday”“last week” 等笼统的过去时间状语连用，需搭配 “特定时刻”
（如 “yesterday afternoon at 3” ）；
. “when” 引导的从句动作短暂（如 ring/hit/start） ， “while” 引导的从句动作持续
（如cook/read/walk），不可混淆。
（五）作文指导
写作主题：A Terrible Natural Disaster I Experienced（我经历过的一次可怕自然灾害）
写作要求：
1. 描述一次你经历过的自然灾害（如台风、暴雨、地震），明确灾害类型、发生时间及场景；
2. 详细说明灾害发生时你的动作、感受及应对方法；
3. 字数不少于 80 词，正确使用过去进行时（was/were + doing）和单元核心词汇（如
typhoon、 prepare、warn 等）。
写作结构：
开头段： 引入灾害背景模板：Last [季节 / 月份], I experienced a terrible [自然灾害，如
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“typhoon”“rainstorm”] in my hometown. It started [时间 ，如 “on a Saturday
morning”] when I [正在做的动作，用过去进行时，如 “was watching TV with my family”].
中间段：描述灾害过程与应对模板：At first, we didn’t take it seriously. But soon, the [灾害
特征，如 “wind became stronger”“rain poured heavily”]. My dad [动作 1 ，如
“quickly closed all the windows”] while my mom [动作 2 ，如 “put our books and
clothes on the table”]—we were making preparations to keep safe. When the [灾害高
峰，如 “strongest wind hit”], I [感受与动作，如 “felt scared and hid under the table”].
Luckily, [幸运情况，如“our neighbour warned us in time”“we had stored enough food”].
结尾段：总结感受与收获模板：After the disaster, the streets were in a mess, but we were all
safe. This experience taught me that [收获 ，如 “we should always prepare for
natural disasters”“it’s important to stay calm when danger comes”]. I will never forget this
terrible but meaningful experience.
四、过关检测
（一）单项选择（10 题）
( ) 1. —What __________ you __________ when the earthquake started?
—I was doing homework in my room.
A. do; do B. were; doing C. did; do D. are; doing
( ) 2. While Tom __________ TV, his mom was preparing for the coming typhoon.
A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. is watching
( ) 3. The tsunami __________ the coastal village last year, but many people were
saved because of Tilly’s warning.
A. hit B. hits C. is hitting D. will hit
( ) 4. We __________ for the math test when the heavy rain started.
A. review B. reviewed C. are reviewing D. were reviewing
( ) 5. —__________ your dad __________ the windows when the typhoon came?
—Yes, he was. He wanted to keep the rain out.
A. Was; closing B. Did; close C. Is; closing D. Does; close
( ) 6. All of a sudden, the wind __________ stronger, and we had to stop walking.
A. become B. became C. was becoming D. will become
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( ) 7. Thanks to the weather report, we __________ for the typhoon before it hit.
A. prepare B. prepared C. are preparing D. were preparing
( ) 8. My alarm clock __________ go off this morning, so I woke up an hour late.
A. didn’t B. wasn’t C. doesn’t D. isn’t
( ) 9. While my sister __________ to music, I was making a list of emergency supplies.
A. listens B. listened C. was listening D. is listening
( ) 10. The firemen __________ the wildfire when we arrived at the forest.
A. put out B. were putting out C. will put out D. putted out
（二）完形填空（10 题）
Last summer, a terrible typhoon hit my city. I still remember every detail of that day.
It was a Saturday morning. I 1 __________ my homework in my room while my parents
were cleaning the house. Suddenly, the sky turned dark, and the wind started to blow.
At first, we thought it was just a normal rainstorm, so we didn’t take it seriously. But soon,
the wind became 2 __________ stronger, and the rain poured down heavily.
My dad realized it was a typhoon. He 3 __________ to close all the windows quickly, and
my mom told me to put our books and clothes on the table—we were afraid the
floodwater would come in. While my dad 4 __________ the windows, a big tree in our
yard fell down with a loud noise. I felt scared and 5 __________ to my parents’ room.
The typhoon lasted for about three hours. During that time, we stayed in the living
room and listened to the weather report. We had stored some food and water before,
so we didn’t go hungry. When the typhoon finally stopped, we went outside and found
the street was in a mess—many trees 6 __________ down, and some signs were broken.
This experience taught me that we should always 7 __________ for natural disasters.
We should listen to the weather report and store emergency supplies. Most
importantly, we need to stay 8 __________ when danger comes.
A few days later, our neighborhood organized a clean-up. My family and I joined in.
We helped pick up broken branches and clear the roads. Many neighbors also brought
water
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and snacks to share. It was hard work, 9 __________ we felt happy to help each other. I
noticed that even a terrible disaster could bring people closer.
Now, whenever there’s a weather warning, my family and I take it seriously. We check
our emergency supplies and make sure the windows are closed. This typhoon taught
me a valuable lesson: being prepared and staying calm can help us stay safe in 10
__________ situations.
( ) 1. A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
( ) 2. A. much B. more C. very D. so
( ) 3. A. run B. ran C. was running D. runs
( ) 4. A. closes B. closed C. was closing D. is closing
( ) 5. A. rush B. rushed C. was rushing D. rushes
( ) 6. A. fall B. fell C. were falling D. are falling
( ) 7. A. prepare B. prepares C. prepared D. preparing
( ) 8. A. excited B. scared C. calm D. worried
( ) 9. A. And B. But C. So D. Or
( ) 10. A. dangerous B. important C. difficult D. easy
（三）语法填空
Last weekend, my family experienced a small earthquake. I 1 _________（watch）a movie
with my sister when the room started to shake. At first, we didn’t know what was
happening. My mom 2 _________（cook）in the kitchen, and she 3 _________（ run）out
quickly to check on us.
While we 4 _________（wait）for my dad to come home, the shaking stopped. My dad
called and told us he 5 _________（drive）back when the earthquake started. He said he 6
_________ （feel）safe because he was in an open area.
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After the earthquake, we talked about what to do if it happened again. We decided
to prepare an emergency bag with food, water and a flashlight. This experience made
me realize that it’s important to know how to stay safe during natural disasters.
（四）作文
写作任务：
以 “A Terrible Natural Disaster I Experienced” 为题，写一篇短文，描述你经历过的一次自
然灾害（如台风、暴雨），包含 “灾害背景 — 过程与应对 — 感受收获”，字数 80-100
词，需使用过去进行时和单元核心词汇（如 typhoon、prepare、warn 等）。
（五）答案和解析
（一）单项选择
( ) 1. B（过去进行时，“地震发生时你在做什么” ，用 “were + doing” ，选 B）
( ) 2. C（while 引导从句，动作持续，用过去进行时 “was watching” ，选 C）
( ) 3. A（一般过去时，“去年海啸袭击村庄” ，过去时间用过去式，选 A）
( ) 4. D（过去进行时，“暴雨开始时我们正在复习” ，用 “were reviewing” ，选 D）
( ) 5. A（过去进行时的一般疑问句，“ 台风来时你爸爸在关窗户吗” ，用 “Was +
closing”，选 A）
( ) 6. B（一般过去时，“风突然变强” ，短暂动作用过去式，选 B）
( ) 7. B（一般过去时，“ 台风前我们做了准备” ，过去时间用过去式，选 B）
( ) 8. A（一般过去时否定式，“ 闹钟没响” ，实义动词用 “didn’t + 原形” ，选 A）
( ) 9. C（while 引导从句，“妹妹听音乐时我在列清单” ，用过去进行时 “was
listening”，选 C）
( ) 10. B（过去进行时，“我们到达时消防员正在灭火” ，用 “were putting out” ，选 B）
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（二）完形填空
1.C（过去进行时，与 “while my parents were cleaning” 时态一致，表 “ 台风发生时正在
写作业” ，符合单元 “过去进行时描述过去持续动作” 的语法重点）。
2.A（much 修饰比较级 “stronger” ，表 “风变得强得多” ，符合单元中 “用 much 修饰比
较级描述灾害强度变化” 的表达，如 “the wind became much stronger” ）。
3.B（一般过去时，“爸爸跑去关窗户” 是过去短暂动作，与后文 “mom told me” 时态一致，
符合单元 “描述灾害中突发动作” 的语境）。
4.C（过去进行时，“while” 引导从句表持续动作，“ 爸爸正在关窗户时树倒了” ，符合单
元“while + 过去进行时描述同时发生的持续动作” 的用法）。
5.B（一般过去时，“我害怕并冲向父母房间” 是过去短暂动作，与 “felt scared” 时态一致，
体现灾害中的紧张反应）。
6.B（一般过去时，“树倒了” 是台风后的结果，用过去式 “fell” ，符合单元 “描述灾害造成
的过去结果” 的逻辑）。
7.A（prepare 动词原形，“should” 后接原形，“为自然灾害做准备”，呼应单元 “ 防灾准备”
的主题，如 “make preparations for disasters” ）。
8.C（calm 意为 “冷静的” ，单元中强调 “灾害中保持冷静” 的重要性，如 “stay calm
when danger comes” ，符合防灾常识）。
9.B（But 表转折，“工作辛苦但开心” ，体现灾害后邻里互助的积极氛围，符合单元 “灾害
中人性温暖” 的隐含主题）。
10.A（dangerous 意为 “危险的”，“在危险情况下保持安全” ，呼应单元 “ 自然灾害场景下
的安全防护” 核心内容）。
（三）语法填空
1. was watching（过去进行时，“地震时我正在看电影” ，用 “was watching”）
2. was cooking（过去进行时，“妈妈正在做饭” ，单数主语用 “was cooking”）
3. ran（一般过去时，“妈妈跑出来” ，短暂动作用过去式 “ran”）
4. were waiting（过去进行时，“我们正在等爸爸” ，复数主语用 “were waiting”）
5. was driving（过去进行时，“爸爸正在开车” ，用 “was driving”）
6. felt（一般过去时，“他感觉安全” ，过去时间用过去式 “felt”）
（四）范文：
A Terrible Natural Disaster I Experienced
第 12 页 共 13 页2026
人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
Last summer, I experienced a terrible typhoon in my hometown. It started on a
Sunday morning when I was reading a book in my room.
At first, the wind was gentle, but soon it became much stronger. My mom was
cooking when she noticed the dark sky—she shouted to tell us it was a typhoon. My
dad quickly closed all the windows, and I helped put our shoes and books on the shelf
to avoid flood damage. While we were preparing, a tree in our yard fell down. I felt
scared, but my parents told me to stay calm.
After the typhoon, the street was messy, but we were all safe. This experience taught me
to prepare for natural disasters and stay calm when in danger.
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