文档内容
2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
单元讲义
Unit 5 Nature's Temper
本单元围绕 “Nature'sTemper(自然的脾气)” 展开,核心探讨自然灾害的影响、应对方法
及防灾准备。内容涵盖三大模块:
1. 自然灾害认知:识别常见自然灾害(如地震、台风、海啸、野火等),学习用英语描述灾害
发生时的场景(如强风、暴雨、巨浪)及人们的即时反应(如躲避、救援);
2. 灾害应对与准备:通过 “蒂莉预警海啸”“台风中的应急措施” 等案例,学习灾害发生时的自
救方法(如躲避到安全区域、提前储备物资),了解防灾准备的重要性(如加固窗户、关注
天气预报);
3. 实践任务:设计 “连锁故事” 项目,引导学生分组创作关于自然灾害(如野火、暴风雪)的
故事,整合单元语法(过去进行时)和词汇,提升灾害场景的英语表达能力。
本单元旨在帮助学生掌握 “描述自然灾害与应急反应” 的英语表达,树立防灾安全意识,同
时巩固过去进行时的用法。
1. 词汇记忆: “ 灾害 + 动作 ” 关联记忆将核心词汇与灾害场景的具体动作绑定(如 “typhoon”
关联 “closewindows/storefood”,“tsunami” 关联 “warn/runtohighground”,“earthquake”
关联 “hideunderthetable”),结合单元例句仿写,如:“Whentheearthquakestarted,Iwas
hidingunder thedesk.”
2. 语法练习: “ 场景 + 时态搭配 ” 巩固针对过去进行时,围绕 “不同灾害场景” 造句,重点练
习 “when/while” 的搭配(如 “台风中:Iwaswalkinghomewhentherainstarted.Whileit
wasraining,Imetafriend.”);可制作 “灾害时态表”,标注 “持续动作(过去进行时)” 与
“短暂动作(一般过去时)”,强化用法。
3. 口语表达:模拟 “ 灾害采访 ” 参考课本 1d、2d 的对话模板,和同学分别扮演 “记者” 与 “灾
害经历者”,用 “What were you doing when...?”“How did you feel?” 的流程练习,如:
Reporter: What were you doing when the typhoon hit?Experiencer: I was cooking with my
第 1 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
mom.Wequicklyturnedoffthegasandhidinthelivingroom.Reporter: Didyoumakeany
preparationsbefore?Experiencer: Yes, weboughtsomewaterandsnacksthedaybefore.
4. 阅读拓展:积累 “ 防灾知识 ” 表达阅读单元 B 部分 “蒂莉预警海啸” 故事时,摘抄防灾相
关短语(如 “tsunamiwarning”“makepreparations”“staycalm”),整理成 “防灾手册” 笔记,
为写作和实践任务做准备。
(一)核心单词
1. earthquake/ˈɜːθkweɪk/n. 地震
搭配:hitanearthquake 遭遇地震;surviveanearthquake 从地震中幸存
例句:Katewasdoinghomeworkwhentheearthquakestarted.
2. typhoon/taɪˈfuːn/n. 台风
搭配:typhoonhit 台风登陆;preparefor a typhoon 为台风做准备
例句:Thetyphoonbroughtstrongwindsandheavyrainto thecoast.
3. tsunami/tsuːˈnɑːmi/n. 海啸
搭配:tsunamiwarning 海啸预警;tsunamisweepthrough 海啸席卷
例句:Tilly Smithwarnedpeopleaboutthecomingtsunamiandsavedmanylives.
4. flood /flʌd/n. 洪水; v. 淹没
搭配:floodwater 洪水;floodthestreets 淹没街道
例句:Heavyraincausedfloodsinthetown, andmanypeoplehadtoleavetheir homes.
5. wildfire/ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/n. 野火
搭配:putouta wildfire 扑灭野火;wildfirespread 野火蔓延
例句:Firefightersworkeddayandnighttoputoutthewildfireintheforest.
6. warn/wɔːn/v. 警告;提醒
搭配:warnsbofsth 警告某人某事;warnsbtodo sth 提醒某人做某事
第 2 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
例句:TheneighbourwarnedXinyiofthecoming floodintime.
7. preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/n. 准备(工作)
搭配:makepreparations 做准备;preparationsfor disasters 防灾准备
例句:Haitao’sfamilymadepreparationsbeforethetyphoon, sotheir housewassafe.
8. rescue/ˈreskjuː/v.&n. 救援;营救
搭配:rescuepeople 营救人们;carry outa rescue 实施救援
例句:Volunteersjoinedtherescueto helppeopletrappedintheflood.
9. safeguard/ˈseɪfɡɑːd/v. 保护;捍卫; n. 安全设施
搭配:safeguardpeoplefromdisasters 保护人们免受灾害;safetysafeguards 安全设施
例句:Thecity builtwalls tosafeguardbuildings fromfloodwater.
10.refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/v. 拒绝
搭配:refusetodo sth 拒绝做某事;refusehelp 拒绝帮助
例句:Tilly refusedto walkfurther whenshenoticedthesignsofa tsunami.
11.floodwater/ˈflʌdwɔːtə(r)/n. 洪水
搭配:floodwater rise 洪水上涨;floodwaterreach 洪水蔓延到
例句:After thetyphoon,floodwater nearly reachedthefirst floorofthehouse.
12.landslide/ˈlændslaɪd/n. 滑坡;塌方
搭配:landslideblock theroad 滑坡阻断道路;avoidlandslideareas 避开滑坡区域
例句:Alandslidealongtheroadmadethe buslatefor school.
13.alarm/əˈlɑːm/n. 警报(器); v. 使警觉
搭配:alarmclock 闹钟;firealarm 火警警报;alarmgo off 警报响起
例句:MaLi’salarmclock didn’tgo off,so shewokeuplate.
14.sudden/ˈsʌdn/adj. 突然的
搭配:suddenearthquake 突发地震;allofa sudden 突然
第 3 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
例句:All ofa sudden, thewindbecamestrongerandtheskyturneddark.
15.rescue/ˈreskjuː/n. 救援
搭配:rescueteam 救援队;rescuework 救援工作
例句:Therescueteamarrivedquicklyto helppeopleafter thetyphoon.
(二)重点短语
1. gooff (警报器、闹钟等)突然响起
例句:MaLi’salarmclock didn’tgo off, so shemissedtheearlybus.
2. allofa sudden 突然;猛地
例句:All ofa sudden, thunderrolledanditstarted topour.
3. make preparations 做准备
搭配:makepreparationsfor 为…… 做准备
例句:Weshouldmakepreparationsfornatural disasters, likestoringfoodandwater.
4. warnsb ofsth 警告某人某事
例句:Theweatherreport warnedpeopleofthecomingtyphoon.
5. sweepthrough 席卷;横扫
例句:Thetsunamisweptthroughthe coastalvillageanddestroyedmanyhouses.
6. put out 扑灭;熄灭
搭配:putouta fire 灭火
例句:Firefightersworkedhardtoputoutthewildfireinthemountains.
7. bythe time 到 …… 的时候
例句:BythetimeMaLi reachedtheclassroom,theteacher hadalreadyarrived.
8. outofbreath 上气不接下气
例句:MaLirantotheclassroomoutofbreathbecauseshewas late.
第 4 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
9. asa result 因此;结果
例句:Many students were late due to the rainstorm. As a result, the teacher cancelled the
test.
10.gowrong 出现问题;发生故障
例句:MaLi’sdaywentwrongfromthestart—her alarmdidn’tringandshemissedthebus.
(三)重点句子
1. Whatwereyoudoingwhenthetyphoonhit?Iwasreadingwithmychildren. (台风登
陆时你在做什么?我正在和孩子们读书。)
解析:此句用 “过去进行时(was/were+ doing)+ when+ 一般过去时” 结构,描述 “过去
某一短暂动作(台风登陆)发生时,另一持续动作(读书)正在进行”,是单元核心语法用法,
高频用于描述灾害发生时的场景。仿写:—Whatwereyoudoingwhentheearthquakestarted?
—Iwas havingdinner withmy family.
2. Whileweweredriving home,the strongwindsstarted. (我们正开车回家时,强风开始
了。)
解析:“while” 引导时间状语从句,后接过去进行时,表 “两个持续动作同时发生”;主句用一
般过去时,表 “较短动作突然发生”,单元 3a 对话中用于描述台风中的突发情况。仿写:While
Iwaswaitingfor thebus, itstarted torainheavily.
3. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over
(多亏了她的知识和快速反应,一个女学生拯救了 多人的生命。)
100lives. 100
解析:“thanksto” 表 “多亏;由于”,后接名词短语,用于说明灾害中成功救援的原因;“beable
to” 表 “能够”,强调通过努力实现的结果,单元 B 部分用于赞扬蒂莉的行为。仿写:Thanksto
theneighbours’help, wemovedourthingsto safety beforethefloodcame.
4. It was raining hard while we were driving back, and we almost got into an accident.
(我们开车返回时雨下得很大,我们差点出车祸。)
解析:“it wasraining hard” 描述灾害中的天气状况,“while” 引导从句表持续动作,“almost
gotintoanaccident” 表突发危险,整体用于还原灾害中的紧张场景,单元 3a 对话中高频出现。
仿写:Itwassnowingheavilywhilewewerewalkinghome, andwecouldhardly seethe road.
(四)重点语法:过去进行时( )
Past Continuous Tense
第 5 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
本单元核心语法为过去进行时,主要用于描述 “过去某一时刻或时间段正在进行的动作”,尤
其适用于自然灾害场景中 “持续动作与突发动作的搭配”。
构成
1.
肯定式:主语 + was/were+ 动词 - ing
单数主语(I/he/she/it)用 was ,复数主语(we/you/they)用 were
例句:Shewasdoinghomeworkwhentheearthquakehit.(地震发生时,她正在写作业。)
否定式:主语 + was/werenot+ 动词 -ing(缩写:wasn’t/weren’t)
例句:Theyweren’twatchingTV—theywerepreparingforthetyphoon.(他们没在看电视,
他们正在为台风做准备。)
疑问式:Was/Were+ 主语 + 动词 - ing?
例句:—Wereyousleepingwhenthealarmwentoff?(闹钟响时你在睡觉吗?)—Yes,Iwas.
(是的,我在睡。)
核心用法
2.
( )描述 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
1 “ ”
常与 “at8 o’clock lastnight”“thistimeyesterday” 或 “when+ 一般过去时句子” 连用,强
调 “动作在特定时间点持续”。
例句:At7 p.m. yesterday,wewerehavingdinner whenthetyphoonstarted.(昨天晚上 7
点,我们正在吃晚饭,这时台风开始了。)
( )描述 过去某段时间持续进行的动作
2 “ ”
常与 “while”“during” 等词连用,或用 “from...to...” 明确时间段。
例句:Whilethetyphoonwasblowing,peoplewerestayinginsidetheirhouses.(台风刮着
的时候,人们都待在屋里。)
( )搭配 描述 两个动作的关系
3 “when/while” “ ”
连词 用法 例句
第 6 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
连词 用法 例句
后接一般过去时(短暂动
Iwas readingwhenthephonerang.(电话响
作),主句用过去进行时(持
when
时,我正在读书。)
续动作)
后接过去进行时(持续动
Whilemy momwascooking,I wasdoing
作),主句可用过去进行时 homework.(妈妈做饭时,我正在写作业。)
while
(两个持续动作)或一般过 Whilewewere walking,itstartedto rain.(我
去时(短暂动作) 们走路时,开始下雨了。)
语法易错点:
过去进行时不能与 “yesterday”“lastweek” 等笼统的过去时间状语连用,需搭配 “特定时刻”
(如 “yesterdayafternoonat3”);
“when” 引导的从句动作短暂(如 ring/hit/start),“while” 引导的从句动作持续(如
cook/read/walk),不可混淆。
(五)作文指导
写作主题: (我经历过的一次可怕自然灾害)
ATerribleNaturalDisaster IExperienced
写作要求:
1. 描述一次你经历过的自然灾害(如台风、暴雨、地震),明确灾害类型、发生时间及场景;
2. 详细说明灾害发生时你的动作、感受及应对方法;
3. 字数不少于 80 词,正确使用过去进行时(was/were+doing)和单元核心词汇(如 typhoon、
prepare、warn 等)。
写作结构:
开头段:引入灾害背景模板:Last [季节 / 月份], I experienced a terrible [自然灾害,如
第 7 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
“typhoon”“rainstorm”] in my hometown. It started [时间,如 “on a Saturday morning”]
whenI[正在做的动作,用过去进行时,如 “waswatchingTVwith myfamily”].
中间段:描述灾害过程与应对模板:At first, we didn’t takeit seriously. But soon, the [灾害
特征,如 “wind became stronger”“rain poured heavily”]. My dad [动作 1,如 “quickly
closed all the windows”] while my mom [动作 2,如 “put our books and clothes on the
table”]—we were making preparations to keep safe. When the [灾害高峰,如 “strongest
wind hit”], I [感受与动作,如 “felt scared and hid under the table”]. Luckily, [幸运情况,如
“our neighbourwarnedusin time”“wehadstoredenoughfood”].
结尾段:总结感受与收获模板:Afterthedisaster,thestreetswereinamess,butwewereall
safe. This experience taught me that [收获,如 “we should always prepare for natural
disasters”“it’s important to stay calm when danger comes”]. I will never forget this terrible
butmeaningfulexperience.
(一)单项选择( 题)
10
( )1.—What__________you __________when theearthquake started?
—Iwas doinghomework inmy room.
A. do; doB.were; doingC. did;doD. are; doing
( )2.WhileTom __________TV,his momwas preparing forthecoming typhoon.
A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. iswatching
( )3.The tsunami__________the coastal village lastyear, but many people were saved
because ofTilly’s warning.
A. hitB. hitsC. is hitting D. will hit
( )4.We__________for themath test when theheavy rain started.
A. review B. reviewed C.are reviewing D. were reviewing
( )5.—__________your dad __________thewindows when thetyphoon came?
—Yes, hewas. Hewanted to keep therain out.
A. Was;closing B. Did;close C. Is; closingD. Does; close
( )6.Allofa sudden, thewind __________ stronger, and wehad tostop walking.
A. become B. became C.was becoming D. will become
第 8 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
( )7.Thanks to theweather report, we__________for thetyphoon before ithit.
A. prepareB. prepared C. are preparing D. were preparing
( )8.Myalarm clock __________go offthis morning, soI wokeupan hourlate.
A. didn’tB. wasn’t C.doesn’t D. isn’t
( )9.Whilemy sister__________tomusic, I was making a listofemergency supplies.
A. listensB. listened C. was listening D. islistening
( )10.Thefiremen __________thewildfire whenwe arrived at theforest.
A. put outB. were putting outC.will putout D. putted out
(二)完形填空( 题)
10
Lastsummer, a terribletyphoonhitmy city. Istill rememberevery detailofthatday.
It was a Saturday morning. I 1 __________ my homework in my room while my parents were
cleaning the house. Suddenly, the sky turned dark, and the wind started to blow. At first,
wethoughtitwasjustanormalrainstorm,sowedidn’ttakeitseriously.Butsoon,thewind
became2 __________stronger,andtherainpoureddownheavily.
My dad realized it was a typhoon. He 3 __________ to close all the windows quickly, and my
mom told me to put our books and clothes on the table—we were afraid the floodwater
would come in. While my dad 4 __________ the windows, a big tree in our yard fell down
witha loudnoise.I feltscaredand5 __________to myparents’ room.
The typhoon lasted for about three hours. During that time, we stayed in the living room
and listened to the weather report. We had stored some food and water before, so we
didn’tgohungry.Whenthetyphoonfinallystopped,wewentoutsideandfoundthestreet
wasina mess—manytrees6 __________down, andsomesigns werebroken.
This experience taught me that we should always 7 __________ for natural disasters. We
should listen to the weather report and store emergency supplies. Most importantly, we
needto stay8 __________whendanger comes.
A few days later, our neighborhood organized a clean-up. My family and I joined in. We
helped pick up broken branches and clear the roads. Many neighbors also brought water
第 9 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
and snacks to share. It was hard work, 9 __________ we felt happy to help each other. I
noticedthatevena terribledisaster couldbringpeoplecloser.
Now, whenever there’s a weather warning, my family and I take it seriously. We check our
emergency supplies and make sure the windows are closed. This typhoon taught me a
valuable lesson: being prepared and staying calm can help us stay safe in 10 __________
situations.
( )1.A. do B. didC. wasdoingD.amdoing
( )2.A. muchB. moreC.veryD. so
( )3.A. runB.ranC. wasrunningD.runs
( )4.A. closesB. closedC. wasclosingD.isclosing
( )5.A. rushB.rushedC. wasrushingD.rushes
( )6.A. fallB. fellC. werefallingD. arefalling
( )7.A. prepareB. preparesC.preparedD.preparing
( )8.A. excited B.scaredC. calmD.worried
( )9.A. AndB. ButC. So D. Or
( )10. A. dangerousB.importantC. difficultD.easy
(三)语法填空
Lastweekend,myfamilyexperiencedasmallearthquake.I1_________(watch)amoviewith
mysisterwhentheroomstartedtoshake.Atfirst,wedidn’tknowwhatwashappening.My
mom2 _________(cook)inthekitchen, andshe3_________(run)outquickly tocheck on
us.
Whilewe4_________(wait)formydadtocomehome,theshakingstopped.Mydadcalled
andtoldushe5_________(drive)backwhentheearthquakestarted.Hesaidhe6_________
(feel)safebecausehewasin anopenarea.
第 10 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
After the earthquake, we talked about what to do if it happened again. We decided to
prepare an emergency bag with food, water and a flashlight. This experience made me
realizethatit’simportantto knowhowtostaysafeduringnatural disasters.
(四)作文
写作任务:
以 “A Terrible Natural Disaster I Experienced” 为题,写一篇短文,描述你经历过的一次自
然灾害(如台风、暴雨),包含 “灾害背景 — 过程与应对 — 感受收获”,字数 80-100 词,
需使用过去进行时和单元核心词汇(如 typhoon、prepare、warn 等)。
(五)答案和解析
(一)单项选择
( )1.B(过去进行时,“地震发生时你在做什么”,用 “were+ doing”,选 B)
( )2.C(while 引导从句,动作持续,用过去进行时 “waswatching”,选 C)
( )3.A(一般过去时,“去年海啸袭击村庄”,过去时间用过去式,选 A)
( )4.D(过去进行时,“暴雨开始时我们正在复习”,用 “werereviewing”,选 D)
( )5.A(过去进行时的一般疑问句,“台风来时你爸爸在关窗户吗”,用 “Was+closing”,
选 A)
( )6.B(一般过去时,“风突然变强”,短暂动作用过去式,选 B)
( )7.B(一般过去时,“台风前我们做了准备”,过去时间用过去式,选 B)
( )8.A(一般过去时否定式,“闹钟没响”,实义动词用 “didn’t+ 原形”,选 A)
( )9. C(while 引导从句,“妹妹听音乐时我在列清单”,用过去进行时 “waslistening”,
选 C)
( )10. B(过去进行时,“我们到达时消防员正在灭火”,用 “wereputting out”,选 B)
第 11 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
(二)完形填空
1.C(过去进行时,与 “whilemyparentswerecleaning” 时态一致,表 “台风发生时正在写
作业”,符合单元 “过去进行时描述过去持续动作” 的语法重点)。
2.A(much 修饰比较级 “stronger”,表 “风变得强得多”,符合单元中 “用 much 修饰比较
级描述灾害强度变化” 的表达,如 “the windbecamemuchstronger”)。
3.B(一般过去时,“爸爸跑去关窗户” 是过去短暂动作,与后文 “momtoldme” 时态一致,
符合单元 “描述灾害中突发动作” 的语境)。
4.C(过去进行时,“while” 引导从句表持续动作,“爸爸正在关窗户时树倒了”,符合单元
“while + 过去进行时描述同时发生的持续动作” 的用法)。
5.B(一般过去时,“我害怕并冲向父母房间” 是过去短暂动作,与 “feltscared” 时态一致,
体现灾害中的紧张反应)。
6.B(一般过去时,“树倒了” 是台风后的结果,用过去式 “fell”,符合单元 “描述灾害造成的
过去结果” 的逻辑)。
7.A(prepare 动词原形,“should” 后接原形,“为自然灾害做准备”,呼应单元 “防灾准备” 的
主题,如 “makepreparationsfordisasters”)。
8.C(calm 意为 “冷静的”,单元中强调 “灾害中保持冷静” 的重要性,如 “staycalm when
dangercomes”,符合防灾常识)。
9.B(But 表转折,“工作辛苦但开心”,体现灾害后邻里互助的积极氛围,符合单元 “灾害中
人性温暖” 的隐含主题)。
10.A(dangerous 意为 “危险的”,“在危险情况下保持安全”,呼应单元 “自然灾害场景下的
安全防护” 核心内容)。
(三)语法填空
1. waswatching(过去进行时,“地震时我正在看电影”,用 “waswatching”)
2. wascooking(过去进行时,“妈妈正在做饭”,单数主语用 “wascooking”)
3. ran(一般过去时,“妈妈跑出来”,短暂动作用过去式 “ran”)
4. werewaiting(过去进行时,“我们正在等爸爸”,复数主语用 “werewaiting”)
5. wasdriving(过去进行时,“爸爸正在开车”,用 “wasdriving”)
6. felt(一般过去时,“他感觉安全”,过去时间用过去式 “felt”)
(四)范文:
ATerribleNaturalDisaster I Experienced
第 12 页 共 13 页2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
Last summer, I experienced a terrible typhoon in my hometown. It started on a Sunday
morningwhenI wasreadinga bookinmyroom.
At first, the wind was gentle, but soon it became much stronger. My mom was cooking
when she noticed the dark sky—she shouted to tell us it was a typhoon. My dad quickly
closed all the windows, and I helped put our shoes and books on the shelf to avoid flood
damage. While we were preparing, a tree in our yard fell down. I felt scared, but my
parentstoldmeto staycalm.
Afterthetyphoon,thestreetwasmessy,butwewereallsafe.Thisexperiencetaughtmeto
preparefor naturaldisastersandstaycalm whenindanger.
第 13 页 共 13 页