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2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
单元讲义
Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature
本单元围绕 “TheWondersofNature(自然奇观)” 展开,核心探讨自然奇观的特征、人类
对自然的探索及与自然的联结。内容涵盖三大模块:
1. 自然奇观认知:识别世界著名自然奇观(如珠穆朗玛峰、撒哈拉沙漠、马里亚纳海沟等),
学习用英语描述其地理位置、尺寸(高度、深度、面积)及独特之处,掌握大数(如 8,848.86
metres、9,000,000squarekilometres)的表达;
2. 自然探索与成就:通过 “中国登山队攀登珠峰”“‘奋斗者’号深潜马里亚纳海沟” 等案例,了解
人类探索自然的历程与成就,分析探索背后的意义(如好奇心、毅力);
3. 实践任务:设计 “自然奇观海报” 项目,引导学生分组研究某一自然奇观(如青海湖、亚马
逊雨林),整合地理位置、尺寸、动植物、特殊价值等信息,用英语制作海报并展示,提升
信息整合与语言应用能力。
本单元旨在帮助学生掌握 “描述自然奇观” 的英语表达,培养对自然的敬畏与探索意识,同
时巩固形容词 / 副词比较级与最高级(复习)及大数的用法。
1. 词汇记忆: “ 奇观 + 特征 ” 关联记忆将核心词汇与自然奇观的具体特征绑定(如 “height”
关联 “珠峰”,“depth” 关联 “马里亚纳海沟”,“coral” 关联 “大堡礁”),结合大数例句记忆,
如:“TheMarianaTrenchhasadepthofabout11,000metres.”
2. 语法练习: “ 对比 + 大数 ” 场景应用针对比较级与最高级,用 “两条河流”“两座山脉” 进行
对比造句(如 “TheNileislongerthantheYangtzeRiver.”);针对大数,制作 “自然奇观尺
寸表”,用英语标注高度、深度(如 “珠穆朗玛峰:8,848.86metreshigh”),强化读写能力。
3. 口语表达:模拟 “ 自然奇观介绍 ” 参考课本 1d、3d 的对话模板,和同学互相介绍自然奇观,
用 “Where is it? → How big/deep is it? → What’s special about it?” 的流程练习,如:A:
What’s your favorite natural wonder?B: It’s the Great Barrier Reef. It’s locatedin Australia.A:
How large is it?B: It’s about 345,000 square kilometres. It’s the biggest coral reef in the
world.
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4. 阅读拓展:积累 “ 探索故事 ” 表达阅读单元 B 部分 “珠峰攀登” 故事时,摘抄探索相关短
语(如 “takemeasurements”“riskone’slife”“bitbybit”),整理成 “自然探索手册”,为写作
和实践任务做准备。
(一)核心单词
1. wonder/ˈwʌndə(r)/n. 奇观;惊叹; v. 琢磨;想知道
搭配:naturalwonders 自然奇观;theSevenWonders oftheWorld 世界七大奇观
例句:MountQomolangmaisoneofthegreatestnatural wondersin theworld.
2. measurement/ˈmeʒəmənt/n. 数量;测量
搭配:takemeasurements 进行测量;units ofmeasurement 计量单位
例句:ScientistswenttoMountQomolangmatotakeitsmeasurementin2020.
3. surface/ˈsɜːfɪs/n. 表面;表层
搭配:thesurfaceofthesea 海面;thesurfaceoftheearth 地表
例句:ThesurfaceoftheDeadSeais416 metresbelowsealevel.
4. depth/dept/n. 深(度);纵深
搭配:thedepthoftheocean 海洋深度;adepthof11,000metres11000 米深
例句:TheMarianaTrenchhasadepthofabout11,000metres.
5. dive/daɪv/v.&n. 潜水;跳水;俯冲
搭配:diveintothedeepsea 深潜;makea dive 潜水
例句:China’sFendouzhedivedintothe MarianaTrenchin2020.
6. climber/ˈklaɪmə(r)/n. 攀登者;登山者
搭配:mountainclimbers 登山者;a professionalclimber 专业登山者
例句:Only thebravestclimbers canreachthetopofMountQomolangma.
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7. survive/səˈvaɪv/v. 生存;存活;艰难度过
搭配:survivedifficultconditions 在恶劣环境中存活;surviveanaccident 从事故中幸存
例句:Climbers mustsurviveterribleconditionstoreachthetopofQomolangma.
8. determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/adj. 有决心的;坚决的
搭配:bedeterminedtodo sth 决心做某事;adeterminedclimber 有决心的登山者
例句:TheChineseteamwas determinedtoclimbQomolangmafromthenorthernside.
9. risk/rɪsk/v. 使 …… 面临危险; n. 风险
搭配:risk one’slife 冒生命危险;takerisks 冒险
例句:Peoplestillrisk their livestoclimb MountQomolangma.
10.explorer/ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/n. 探险者;勘探者
搭配:a deep-seaexplorer 深海探险者;a famousexplorer 著名探险者
例句:TheEnglishexplorerGeorgeMallory triedto climbQomolangma.
11.coral/ˈkɒrəl/n. 珊瑚;珊瑚虫
搭配:coralreef 珊瑚礁;colorfulcoral 彩色珊瑚
例句:TheGreatBarrier Reefis famousfor itsbeautifulcoralandfish.
12.structure/ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/n. 结构(体);构造
搭配:thelargestliving structure 最大的活体结构;rockstructure 岩石结构
例句:TheGreatBarrier Reefis thelargestlivingstructureonearth.
13.located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/adj. 位于;坐落在
搭配:belocatedin/on 位于……;a city locatedbythesea 沿海城市
例句:TheSahara Desert is locatedinnorthernAfrica.
14.freshwater/ˈfreʃwɔːtə(r)/adj. 淡水的
搭配:freshwaterlake 淡水湖;freshwaterfish 淡水鱼
例句:LakeBaikalin Russiais thedeepestfreshwaterlakeintheworld.
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15.attract/əˈtrækt/v. 吸引;招引
搭配:attracttourists 吸引游客;attractattention 引起注意
例句:NaturalwondersliketheGreatBarrier Reefattractmillions ofvisitorsevery year.
(二)重点短语
1. byallmeans 无论如何;务必
例句:Weshouldprotectriversbyall means—theyareimportantfor ourlives.
2. bitby bit 一点一点地;逐渐地
例句:TheclimberspulledthemselvesuptheSecondStepbitby bit.
3. takemeasurements 进行测量
例句:In 2020,a ChineseteamwenttoMountQomolangmatotakeitsmeasurements.
4. riskone’s life 冒生命危险
例句:Manyclimbersrisk their livestoreachthetopofQomolangma.
5. belocatedin/on 位于 ……
例句:TheDeadSeais locatedbetweenJordanandIsrael.
6. thesurface of... …… 的表面
例句:ThesurfaceoftheYangtzeRiveriscalm insomeparts.
7. thedepth of... …… 的深度
例句:ScientistsarestillstudyingthedepthoftheMariana Trench.
8. living structure 活体结构
例句:TheGreatBarrier Reefis notjust areef—it’sa hugelivingstructure.
9. adapt to 适应
例句:AnimalsintheSahara Desert mustadapttodry andhotweather.
10.millionsof 数百万的
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例句:Millionsofpeoplevisit naturalwondersevery year to enjoytheir beauty.
(三)重点句子
1. What is thehighest mountain in the world? It is Mount Qomolangma. (世界上最高的
山是什么?是珠穆朗玛峰。)
解析:此句用 “the+ 形容词最高级 + 名词” 结构描述自然奇观的特征,“highest” 是 “high”
的最高级,单元 1b、3a 中高频用于询问和回答自然奇观的 “最” 属性(如最深、最大)。仿写:
—Whatis thelargestdesert intheworld?—It istheSaharaDesert.
2. Howhigh isit?It isabout 8,848.86metres high. (它有多高?大约 8848.86 米高。)
解析:“How+ 形容词(high/deep/large 等)” 用于询问自然奇观的尺寸,回答用 “数词 +
单位 + 形容词”,大数表达需注意格式(如 8,848.86metres,千位用逗号分隔)。仿写:—How
deepis theMariana Trench?—It isabout11,000 metresdeep.
3. Boththe Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop. (尼罗河和
黄河都帮助了古代文明的发展。)
解析:“both...and...” 连接两个并列名词,表 “两者都”;“help...to do sth” 表 “帮助…… 做某
事”,用于说明自然奇观对人类的重要性,单元 3a 对话中用于描述河流的价值。仿写:Boththe
YangtzeRiver andtheAmazonRiverprovidewater forpeople.
4. It wassohigh that even birdscould notreachit. (它太高了,连鸟都飞不到那里。)
解析:“so...that...” 引导结果状语从句,表 “如此…… 以至于……”,“so” 后接形容词 / 副词,
“that” 后接结果,单元 1b 中用于强调珠峰 “第二台阶” 的高度。仿写:TheSaharaDesertisso
largethatitcovers30%ofAfrica.
(四)重点语法
形容词 副词比较级与最高级(复习)
1. /
本单元需熟练运用比较级描述 “两者对比”,最高级描述 “三者及以上的最突出者”,核心用
于自然奇观的特征对比:
比较级用
类别 构成规则 例词(形容词 副词) 最高级用法
/
法
单音 一般加 - high(高的)→ higher → 两者对比, 三者及以
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比较级用
类别 构成规则 例词(形容词 副词) 最高级用法
/
法
节词 er/-est;以 “e” highest;deep(深的)→ 用 “A + 上,用 “the
结尾加 -r/-st; deeper→ deepest;large be+ 比较 + 最高级
重读闭音节双 (大的)→larger → 级 +than +in/of...”
写尾字母加 - largest + B”
er/-est
important(重要的)→
A +be+
moreimportant→most the+ most
多音
more+
加 more/most important;dangerous(危 + 多音节词
节词 多音节词
险的)→moredangerous
+in/of...
+than+B
→mostdangerous
例句:比较级:TheYangtzeRiverislonger thantheYellowRiver.(长江比黄河长。)
最高级:MountQomolangmais thehighestmountainintheworld.
(珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。)
大数表达
2.
本单元频繁使用大数描述自然奇观的尺寸(高度、深度、面积),核心规则如下:
千位( thousand ):1,000=onethousand;10,000=tenthousand;100,000=onehundred
thousand
百万( million ):1,000,000= onemillion;9,000,000= ninemillion
格式:千位、百万位后用逗号分隔;读数时从右往左每三位为一组,依次读 “千、百万”;小
数部分用 “point” 连接,如 8,848.86=eightthousandeighthundredandforty-eightpoint
eightsix
例句:TheSaharaDesert isabout9,000,000squarekilometresinsize.
(撒哈拉沙漠面积约 900 万平方千米。)
TheDeadSeais416 metresbelowsea level.(死海海平面以下 416 米。)
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(五)作文指导
写作主题: (一处神奇的自然奇观)
AnAmazing NaturalWonder
写作要求:
1. 介绍一处自然奇观(如珠穆朗玛峰、青海湖、大堡礁),明确其地理位置与核心特征(尺寸、
景观、动植物等);
2. 阐述其独特价值(如对人类文明的影响、生态意义);
3. 字数不少于 80 词,正确使用形容词 / 副词最高级、大数表达及单元核心词汇(如 wonder、
depth、attract 等)。
写作结构:
开头段:引入自然奇观模板:One of the most amazing natural wonders in the world is
__________(名称,如 “MountQomolangma”“QinghaiLake”).Itislocatedin__________(地
理位置,如 “the border of China and Nepal”“Qinghai Province, China”). People from all
overtheworldcometo visit iteveryyear.
中间段:描述特征与价值模板:This wonder is famous for its __________(特征,如
“height”“depth”“beautifulscenery”).Itis__________(尺寸,如 “8,848.86metreshigh”“4,340
square kilometres in size”)—that makes it __________(最高级描述,如 “the highest
mountain on earth”“the largest lake in China”). There are also __________(动植物,如
“special animals like yaks”“colorful fish and coral”)living here. What’s more, it has helped
__________(价值,如 “ancientcivilizationsdevelop”“keepthelocalecosystembalanced”).
结尾段:表达感受与呼吁模板:Visitingthisnaturalwondermakesmefeel__________(感受,
如 “small in front of nature”“amazed by its beauty”). We should protect it by all means,
becauseit isnotjust awonder—it’satreasureforallhumans.
(一)单项选择( 题)
10
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( )1. Mount Qomolangma is ________ mountain in the world. It is about 8,848.86
metres high.
A. high B.higher C.thehighest D. highest
( )2.—________isthe Sahara Desert?—It’sabout 9,000,000square kilometres insize.
A. Howlong B. How large C. Howdeep D. Howhigh
( )3. The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the ocean. Its __________ is about
11,000metres.
A. surfaceB. measurement C. depth D.height
( )4.China’s Fendouzhe_____into theMariana Trench in2020and took many photos.
A. dived B. dive C.diving D. dives
( )5. The Yellow River is __________ than the Yangtze River, but it’s more important
forancient Chinesecivilizations.
A. long B.longer C.short D. shorter
( )6.TheGreat Barrier Reef islocated __________thenortheastern coast of Australia.
A. in B.onC. at D. to
( )7.Manyclimbers risk ____lives to climbMount Qomolangma because ofitsbeauty.
A. they B. their C.them D. themselves
( )8.TheDead Seais sosalty that nofish can _______init.
A. surviveB. liveC.stay D. exist
( )9.—Whichis ________riverin China?
—TheYangtzeRiver. It’sabout 6,300kilometres long.
A. long B.longer C.thelongest D. longest
( )10.Natural wonders liketheGreat Barrier Reef _____millions oftourists every year.
A. attract B. catch C.draw D. take
(二)完形填空( 题)
10
One of the most amazing natural wonders I’ve ever known is Qinghai Lake. It is located in
Qinghai Province, China, and it’s the 1 __________ lake in the country. Its surface area is
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about4,340squarekilometres—muchlarger thanmanyother lakesinChina.
What makes Qinghai Lake special? First, it’s a salt lake. The water is so salty that you can 2
__________easilyonitssurface,justliketheDeadSea.Second,ithasbeautifulscenery.Every
summer,manykindsofflowersbloomaroundthelake,and3__________ofbirdscomehere
to live. You can see birds flying over the blue water and sheep eating grass on the green
hillsnearby—it’slikea picture!
Qinghai Lake is also important for the local people. It provides water for their farms and
helpskeepthe 4 __________ balanced. Many people make a living by fishing inthe lake, but
theyarecarefulnotto overfish.
Lastyear, I visited Qinghai Lakewith my family. We drove around the lake and 5 __________
many photos. The air was fresh, and the view was so amazing that I felt small in front of
nature.Ialsolearnedthatweshould6__________naturalwonders.Ifwedon’tprotectthem,
theymightdisappearoneday.
Duringourtrip,wemetalocalguide.HetoldusthatQinghaiLakeisgettingalittlesmaller
every year because of climate change. This made me realize how 7 __________ it is to take
careofournaturaltreasures.He8__________toldusaboutthespecialfishinthelake—they
can only live in this salty water and can’t be found anywhere else. We asked him 9
__________ we could help protect the lake, and he suggested reducing plastic use when
visiting.
Qinghai Lake is not just a lake—it’s a treasure. It shows us 10 __________ beautiful nature
can be. I hope more people can visit it and learn to love our earth. We should remember
that natural wonders are for everyone to enjoy, but we must also protect them for future
generations.
( )1.A. largeB. largerC. largestD.the largest
( )2.A. standB.swim C.floatD. walk
( )3.A. thousandsB.thousandC. thousandthD. thousandsof
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( )4.A. environmentB. ecosystemC. weather D. climate
( )5.A. tookB. madeC. gotD.did
( )6.A. destroyB. protectC. visit D.enjoy
( )7.A. importantB. dangerousC. beautifulD.interesting
( )8.A. too B.also C. either D. neither
( )9.A. whatB.how C.why D.where
( )10. A. whatB.howC. whyD.where
(三)语法填空
Naturalwondersareamazinggiftsfromnature. Let’slearnaboutsomeof them.
The Sahara Desert is the 1 __________(large)hot desert in the world. It is about 9,000,000
squarekilometresinsize.MountQomolangmaisthe 2_________(_ high)mountainonearth.
Itsheightis8,848.86metres. Scientists sayitisstill growing3__________(slow).
The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the ocean. It is about 11,000 metres deep. In
2020, China’s Fendouzhe 4 __________(dive)into it successfully. The Great Barrier Reef in
Australiaisthe5__________(big)coralreefintheworld.It6__________(attract)millionsof
visitorseveryyear.
(四)作文
写作任务:
以 “AnAmazingNaturalWonder” 为题,写一篇短文,介绍一处自然奇观(如珠穆朗玛峰、
青海湖),包含 “地理位置 — 核心特征 — 独特价值”,字数 80-100 词,需使用形容词
最高级、大数表达和单元核心词汇(如 wonder、depth、attract 等)。
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(五)答案和解析
(一)单项选择
1.C(thehighest 最高级,“珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山”,三者及以上比较用最高级,加
the,选 C)
2.B(Howlarge 询问面积,答语是 “900 万平方千米”,对应 “面积”,选 B)
3.C(depth 深度,“马里亚纳海沟的深度约 11000 米”,选 C)
4.A(dived 过去式,“2020 年” 是过去时间,用一般过去时,选 A)
5.D(shorter 比较级,“黄河比长江短”,根据常识及单元 3a 对话,选 D)
6.B(onthecoast 在海岸上,固定搭配,“大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸”,选 B)
7.B(their 形容词性物主代词,“risk their lives” 表示 “冒他们的生命危险”,选 B)
8.A(survive 存活,“死海太咸,鱼无法在其中存活”,强调 “艰难存活”,选 A)
9.C(thelongest 最高级,“中国最长的河流”,三者及以上比较,选 C)
10.A(attract 吸引,“自然奇观吸引游客”,单元 39 中 “attracttourists” 是固定搭配,选 A)
(二)完形填空
1.C(最高级 “largest” 前已加定冠词 “the”,表 “中国最大的湖泊”,符合单元 “用形容词最
高级描述自然奇观特征” 的语法重点,如文档中描述 “the biggest coral reef in the world”
的用法6)。
2.C(“float” 意为 “漂浮”,结合青海湖是盐湖的特性,与文档中 “DeadSea 表面可漂浮” 的
常识一致,符合单元 “自然奇观独特物理属性” 的描述逻辑1)。
3.A(“thousandsof” 为固定搭配表 “成千上万”,文档中常用此类表达描述自然奇观中的生
物数量,如 “over 900islands” 的大数表达逻辑6)。
4.B(“ecosystem” 意为 “生态系统”,文档中多次提及自然奇观对 “生态平衡” 的作用,如
“theAmazonRainforestkeepstheecosystembalanced”,贴合单元 “自然与生态关联” 的主
题8)。
5.A(“tookphotos” 为固定短语表 “拍照”,符合文档中 “记录自然奇观参观经历” 的语境,
如描述游览维多利亚瀑布时 “feltthewater rushpastus” 的体验记录4)。
6.B(“protect” 意为 “保护”,呼应文档中 “保护自然奇观” 的核心观点,如 “we should
protectriversby allmeans” 的呼吁,与后文 “不保护就会消失” 的逻辑一致3)。
7.A(“important” 意为 “重要的”,文档中强调自然奇观的价值,如 “MountQomolangmais
important for scientific research”,此处 “意识到保护的重要性” 符合单元 “自然奇观价值”
的论述5)。
8.B(“also” 用于句中表 “还”,补充导游分享的湖鱼信息,符合文档中 “逐步介绍自然奇观
细节” 的表达逻辑,如描述大堡礁时 “also alive” 的信息补充7)。
9.B(“how” 引导宾语从句表 “如何帮助保护湖泊”,后文 “减少塑料使用” 是具体方法,符
合文档中 “询问自然保护方法” 的场景,如 “howtouseafireextinguisher” 的疑问结构9)。
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10.B(“how” 表 “多么”,“howbeautifulnaturecanbe” 符合 “how+ 形容词” 的句式,文
档中常用此类表达赞美自然奇观,如 “howamazingaboutnature” 的核心主题2)。
(三)语法填空
1. largest(the+ 最高级,“撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热沙漠”,选 largest)
2. highest(the+ 最高级,“珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山”,选 highest)
3. slowly(副词修饰动词 growing,“缓慢地升高”,选 slowly)
4. dived(过去式,“2020 年” 是过去时间,用一般过去时,选 dived)
5. biggest(the+ 最高级,“大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁”,选 biggest)
6. attracts(一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,“每年吸引游客”,选 attracts)
(四)范文
AnAmazingNaturalWonder
One of the most amazing natural wonders in the world is Mount Qomolangma. It is
located on the border of China and Nepal, and it’s famous as the highest mountain on
earth.
Itsheightis8,848.86metres—sohighthattheairthereisverythin.Climbersmustbebrave
and determined to reach the top, because the conditions are terrible: cold temperatures,
strongwinds,anddangerouscliffs.Despitethis,manypeoplestillrisktheirlivestoclimbit.
MountQomolangmaalso helpsscientistslearnabouttheearth’sstructure.
Visiting Mount Qomolangma makes me amazed by nature’s power. We should protect it,
asit’sa preciouswonder forallhumans.
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