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2026 人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元讲义
本单元围绕 “Stay Healthy（保持健康）” 展开，核心探讨健康问题的识别、应对及安全防护
方法。内容涵盖三大模块：
1. 健康问题应对：识别常见健康问题（如喉咙痛、胃痛、牙痛等），学习用英语描述症状，掌
握医生与患者的对话表达，以及针对不同健康问题的建议（如用药、就医、日常护理）；
2. 安全防护实践：通过 “烹饪起火” 的故事，学习家庭安全隐患（如火灾）的应对方法，了解
急救知识（如灭火器使用、烧伤处理），以及过敏反应的紧急处理；
3. 实践任务：设计 “健康手册” 项目，引导学生整合单元知识，围绕某一健康问题（如食物过
敏、眼疲劳）整理成因、症状、处理方法及预防建议，提升英语应用与健康防护能力。
本单元旨在帮助学生掌握 “谈论健康问题与给出建议” 的英语表达，树立健康管理意识，同
时巩固情态动词（should/could）和反身代词的用法。
1. 词汇记忆：“症状 + 应对” 关联记忆将健康问题词汇与对应的应对措施绑定（如 “toothache”
关联 “see a dentist”“avoid sweet things”；“burn” 关联 “use fire extinguisher”“roll on the
ground”），结合单元例句仿写，强化记忆。
2. 语法练习：“场景 + 造句” 巩固针对情态动词，围绕 “不同健康问题” 造句（如 “牙痛：You
should see a dentist. You could eat porridge.”）；针对反身代词，结合 “安全动作” 造句
（如
“Be careful! Don’t cut yourself with the knife.”），确保用法准确。
3. 口语表达：模拟 “医患对话”参考课本 3d 的对话模板，和同学分别扮演医生与患者，用
“Describe symptoms→Ask questions→Give advice” 的流程练习， 如： Patient: I have a
stomachache.Doctor: What did you eat yesterday?Patient: I ate too much fried
chicken.Doctor: You should avoid fried food. You could drink some warm water.
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4. 阅读拓展：积累 “安全急救” 表达阅读单元 B 部分 “烹饪起火” 故事时，摘抄安全相关短
语（如 “put out fire”“first aid”“stop short”），整理成 “安全手册” 笔记，为写作和实践任
务做准备。
（一）核心单词
1. sore /sɔː(r)/adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的
搭配：sore throat 喉咙痛；sore back 背痛
例句：Judy has a sore throat because she talked too much and didn’t drink enough water.
2. stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/n. 胃痛；肚子疼
搭配：have a stomachache 胃痛；get a stomachache 肚子疼
例句：David got a stomachache after eating too much at his friend’s birthday party.
3. toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/n. 牙痛
搭配：have a terrible toothache 牙痛得厉害；see a dentist for toothache 因牙痛看牙医
例句：Nancy has a terrible toothache because she ate too many sweet things.
4. fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/n. 发烧
搭配：have a high fever 发高烧；take one’s temperature 量体温
例句： Helen has a high fever, so the doctor advised her to rest at home and drink more
water.
5. dentist /ˈdentɪst/n. 牙科医生
搭配：visit a dentist 看牙医；go to the dentist for an X-ray 去牙医诊所拍 X 光片
例句：The nurse told Nancy she should see a dentist because she might need an X-ray for
her toothache.
6. medicine /ˈmedsn/n. 药；医学
搭配：take medicine 吃药；take some medicine three times a day 一天吃三次药
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例句：The doctor gave Helen some medicine for her flu and told her to take it after meals.
7. virus /ˈvaɪrəs/n. 病毒
搭配：flu virus 流感病毒；stop the virus from spreading 阻止病毒传播
例句：Wearing a mask can stop the flu virus from passing to others
easily.
8. injury /ˈɪndʒəri/n. 伤害；损伤
搭配：get an injury 受伤；a sports injury 运动损伤
例句：Ben got a back injury after falling during a PE class, so he has to rest for a week.
9. burn /bɜːn/v. 燃烧；烧伤；n. 烧伤；火焰
搭配：get burned 烧伤；put out a burn 处理烧伤；on fire 着火
例句：James’s shirt caught fire while cooking, and he got a small burn on his arm.
10.first aid /ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd/n. 急救
搭配：know first aid 懂急救；give first aid 实施急救
例句：Allen knew first aid from school, so he didn’t use water to put out the oil fire.
11.allergic /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/adj. 过敏的
搭配：be allergic to 对…… 过敏；allergic reaction 过敏反应
例句：Mark is allergic to peanuts, so he has to check food ingredients carefully.
12.harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/adj. 有害的
搭配：harmful to health 对健康有害；avoid harmful things 避开有害物
例句：Soft drinks are harmful to your stomach when you have a stomachache.
13.painful /ˈpeɪnfl/adj. （身体部位）疼痛的；令人痛苦的
搭配：painful arm 疼痛的手臂；painful throat 疼痛的喉咙
例句：Kelly’s arm was painful after the accident, so the doctor checked it with an X-ray.
14.careless /ˈkeələs/adj. 不小心的；粗心的
搭配：be careless 粗心；careless mistakes 粗心的错误
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例句：Jeff fell off his bike because he was careless, and he got a nosebleed.
15.extinguisher /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃə(r)/n. 灭火器
搭配：fire extinguisher 灭火器；use a fire extinguisher 用灭火器
例句：Allen used a fire extinguisher to put out the pan fire in the kitchen.
（二）重点短语
1. suffer from 受苦；受折磨
例句：Judy is suffering from a sore throat, so she can’t speak loudly.
2. take one’s temperature 给某人量体温
例句：The doctor took Helen’s temperature and found she had a high fever.
3. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
搭配：avoid eating sweet things 避免吃甜食；avoid soft drinks 避免喝碳酸饮料
例句：The nurse told David to avoid soft drinks because the gas could make his
stomachache worse.
4. stop ... from doing sth. 防止…… 做某事
例句：Wearing a mask can stop us from passing the flu virus to others.
5. catch fire 着火
例句：The pan caught fire when James left the oil to heat and forgot about it.
6. on fire 着火；起火
例句：James’s shirt was on fire, so he rolled on the ground to put it out.
7. first aid 急救
例句：Learning first aid is important because it can help us deal with emergencies.
8. lie down 平躺；平卧
例句：If you have a headache, you should lie down and rest for 15 minutes.
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9. from now on 从现在起
例句： Mark promised to check food ingredients from now on because he is allergic to
peanuts.
10.put out 扑灭；熄灭
搭配：put out a fire 灭火；put out a cigarette 熄灭香烟
例句：Allen put out the pan fire with a fire extinguisher quickly.
（三）重点句子
1. What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? I have a stomachache.（怎么了？我胃痛。）
解析：这是描述健康问题的常用开头，“What’s wrong?” 和 “What’s the matter?” 可互换，
回答用 “have + 健康问题名词”（如 have a fever/headache），单元 1d、3a 对话中高频出
现。仿写：—What’s the matter with you? —I have a sore throat and can’t drink cold water.
2. You should see a dentist. You could eat some soft food for now.（你应该去看牙医。
目前你可以吃些软食。）
解析：“should” 表 “应该”，语气较强烈，用于提出必要建议；“could” 表 “可以”，语气委婉，
用于提供可选方案，两者均接动词原形，是单元核心语法。仿写：—I have a headache. What
should I do? —You should rest. You could also drink some warm water.
3. Be careful when you’re using the knife! Don’t cut yourself.（用刀时要小心！别割伤自
己。）
解析：“yourself” 是反身代词，指代主语 “you”，用于强调 “动作作用于自身”；单元语法中反
身代词常与 “hurt/cut/protect” 等动词搭配。仿写：Be careful when you’re riding a bike!
Don’t hurt yourself.
4. Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could
make oil fires much worse!（多亏了他在学校上的急救和安全课，他知道水会让油火变得
更严重！）
解析：“Thanks to” 表 “多亏；由于”，用于引出原因；“make + 宾语 + 形容词比较级” 表
“使某物更……”，体现单元 “安全防护” 的主题。仿写：Thanks to the doctor’s advice, Helen
got better soon after her flu.
（四）重点语法
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1. 情态动词 for advice（should /could）
用于针对健康问题或安全场景给出建议，核心用法如下：
情态动 含
语气 肯定式 否定式 例句
词 义
应 You should take medicine for
较强 主语 + 主语 +
该 your fever.（你应该吃退烧
； 烈，表 should shouldn’t
should 药。）You shouldn’t eat
应 必要 + 动词 + 动词原
sweet things with a
当 建议 原形 形
toothache.（牙痛时不该吃甜
食。）
可
主语 +
以 较委 主语 + You could drink honey water
； couldn’t
婉，表 for a sore throat（. 喉咙痛可
could
could 能 + 动词原
可选 + 动词 以喝蜂蜜水。）You could
够 形（较少
建议
原形 rest at home instead of going
用）
to school.（可以在家休息，
不用去上学。）
2. 反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns）
表示 “…… 自己”，需根据主语人称和数选择对应形式，核心用法如下：
（1） 反身代词形式表
数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
himself（他自己）herself（她自己）
单数 myself（我自己） yourself（你自己）
itself（它自己）
ourselves（我们 yourselves（你们 themselves（他们 / 她们 / 它们自
复数
自己） 自己） 己）
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（2） 常见用法
作动词 / 介词宾语，强调 “动作作用于自身”，常与 “hurt/cut/protect/take care of” 等搭配：
例句：Ben hurt himself when he fell off his bike.（本从自行车上摔下来，弄伤了自己。）
She takes care of herself by exercising every day.（她通过每天锻炼照顾自己。）
作主语 / 宾语的同位语，强调 “亲自”：
例句：The doctor himself checked Helen’s throat.（医生亲自检查了海伦的喉咙。）I
cooked the soup myself.（这汤是我自己煮的。）
（五）作文指导
写作主题：A Doctor-Patient Conversation（医生与患者的对话）
写作要求：
1. 设定一个健康问题（如流感、牙痛、胃痛），模拟医生与患者的对话；
2. 包含 “患者描述症状”“医生询问细节”“医生给出建议” 三个部分；
3. 字数不少于 80 词，正确使用情态动词（should/could）和反身代词，融入单元核心词汇（如
fever、medicine、dentist 等）。
写作结构：
开 头 （ 患 者 描 述 症 状 ） 模 板 ： Patient: Good morning, Doctor. I don’t feel well
today.Doctor: Good morning. What’s the matter with you?Patient: I have a （ 健 康 问
题，如 high fever/sore throat）. It started （ 时 间 ， 如
yesterday morning/last night）. I also feel
（其他症状，如 tired/cold）.
中间（医生询问与诊断）模板：Doctor: Let me （检查动作，如 take your
temperature/check your throat）. ... Hmm, you have （诊断结果，如 the flu/a
stomach infection）. Did you （询问可能原因，如 eat something cold/drink
enough water）?Patient: No, I （回答原因，如 ate a lot of ice cream
yesterday/didn’t drink much water）.
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结尾（医生给出建议）模板：Doctor: Don’t worry. You should （ 必 要 建 议 ， 如
take this medicine three times a day/rest at home for two days）. You could also （可
选建议，如 drink warm water/eat some soft food）. And remember, don’t （禁止
做的事，如 go to crowded places/eat sweet things）—it will make you worse.Patient:
Thank you, Doctor. I’ll follow your advice.
（一）单项选择（10 题）
（ ）1. —What’s wrong with you, Tom?
—I have a throat. I talked too much in class today.
A. sore B. painful C. hurt D. harmful
（ ）2. You eat too much ice cream. It will give you a stomachache.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
（ ）3. Ben hurt when he fell off his bike. He has a backache now.
A. he B. him C. himself D. his
（ ）4. —I have a terrible toothache. What should I do?
—You see a dentist. You eat some soft food for now.
A. could; should B. should; could C. should; shouldn’t D. could; couldn’t
（ ）5. Helen has a high fever, so the doctor advised her at home and drink
enough water.
A. rest B. resting C. to rest D. rested
（ ）6. When you have a nosebleed, you should down on your nose for a few
minutes.
A. press B. put C. take D. cut
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（ ）7. —Why didn’t Allen use water to put out the oil fire?—Because he knew water
would make it .
A. better B. worse C. smaller D. bigger
（ ）8. Mark is to peanuts. He can’t eat any food with peanuts.
A. harmful B. painful C. allergic D. careless
（ ）9. The nurse told David to soft drinks because the gas could make his
stomachache worse.
A. avoid B. stop C. keep D. prevent
（ ）10. Learning is important. It can help us deal with small injuries at home.
A. first aid B. medicine C. safety D. health
（二）完形填空（10 题）
Last Sunday, Lily wanted to make tomato soup for her family. She poured some oil into a
pan and turned on the stove. Then she left the oil to heat 1 she went to wash
tomatoes.
Suddenly, she smelled something burning. Lily rushed back to the kitchen and found the
pan was 2 ! Flames were jumping out of the pan. She felt scared, but she
remembered the first aid class she took at school. She didn’t 3 water on the
fire—she knew water would make oil fires worse. Instead, she quickly turned off the stove.
Just then, a small flame jumped onto her sleeve. Lily cried out and 4 herself to
the floor. She rolled on the ground to put out the fire on her sleeve. Her mom heard the
noise and ran in with a 5 . Together, they put out the pan fire.
After checking, Lily’s arm was a little red but not 6 . “You were brave and careful,”
her mom said. “But next time, don’t leave the stove when you’re cooking. You could hurt 7
.” Lily nodded and said, “I’ll be more careful from now on.”
This experience taught Lily a lesson: 8 is important, and we should always
remember safety rules when doing housework. If we have a health problem or an
accident, we should stay calm and 9 the right way to deal with it. We can also ask for help
from adults or go to the hospital if 10 .
（ ）1. A. while B. when C. until D. after
（ ）2. A. in fire B. on fire C. catch fire D. fire
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（ ）3. A. pour B. put C. take D. give
（ ）4. A. threw B. put C. fell D. sat
（ ）5. A. medicine B. towel C. fire extinguisher D. pan
（ ）6. A. bad B. good C. painful D. harmful
（ ）7. A. yourself B. herself C. myself D. himself
（ ）8. A. Health B. Safety C. Study D. Housework
（ ）9. A. use B. find C. learn D. remember
（ ）10. A. necessary B. important C. careful D. possible
（三）语法填空
Health is very important for everyone. When we don’t feel well, we should know how to
deal with it.
If you have a sore throat, you 1 （ drink ） some warm water with honey.
You shouldn’t eat cold or spicy food—it will make your throat 2 （ painful ） . If you
have a stomachache, you 3 （avoid）fried food and soft drinks. You could eat some
porridge or rice, which is easy for your stomach to digest.
When you do housework, be careful with fire and sharp things. Don’t cut 4 （ you）
with knives, and don’t leave the stove on when you’re not in the kitchen. If something
catches fire, don’t use water for oil fires—you should use a fire extinguisher or cover the
fire with a wet towel.
If you have an allergy, you must 5 （ check ） food ingredients carefully.
You shouldn’t eat food you’re allergic to, or you might have a serious reaction.
Remember, if
you feel very bad, you should go to see a doctor at once. Don’t try to treat 6 you）
（_ when you’re not sure what’s wrong.
（四）作文
写作任务：
模拟一次医生与患者的对话，患者因 “流感” 就医，包含 “描述症状”“医生询问”“给出建
议”三个部分，字数 80-100 词，需使用情态动词（should/could）和单元核心词汇（如
fever、 medicine、mask 等）。
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（五）答案和解析
（一）单项选择
1.A（sore throat 喉咙痛，单元 1b 中 Judy 的症状描述用 “sore throat”，选 A）
2.A（shouldn’t 不应该，表 “不建议做某事”，符合 “吃太多冰淇淋会胃痛” 的语境，选 A）
3.C（反身代词 himself 指代主语 Ben，“hurt oneself” 表示 “弄伤自己”，单元语法核心用
法，选 C）
4.B（should 表 “必要建议”，“看牙医” 是牙痛的必要措施；could 表 “可选建议”，“吃软食”
是临时缓解方法，选 B）
5.C（advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事，单元 2c 中护士建议用此结构，选 C）
6.A（press down on 按压，单元 2c 中护士建议 Jeff “press down on your nose” 止血，选
A）
7.B（worse 更糟，单元 B 部分故事提到 “水会让油火更严重”，选 B）
8.C（be allergic to 对…… 过敏，单元 3a 中 Mark 对花生过敏用此表达，选 C）
9.A（avoid 避免，单元 2c 中护士建议 David “avoid soft drinks”，选 A）
10.A（first aid 急救，单元 B 部分强调 “急救知识应对小损伤”，选 A）
（二）完形填空
1.B（when 当…… 时，引导时间状语从句，符合 “离开去洗番茄时让油加热” 的语境，选 B）
2.B（on fire 着火，固定短语，单元 16 中 “pan was on fire” 描述起火状态，选 B）
3.A（pour 倒，“pour water” 表示 “倒水”，符合 “不用水灭火” 的情节，选 A）
4.A（threw oneself to the floor 扑倒在地，单元 16 中 James “threw himself to the floor”
灭火，选 A）
5.C（fire extinguisher 灭火器，单元 16 中 Allen 用灭火器灭火，选 C）
6.A（bad 严重的，“arm was a little red but not bad” 表示 “手臂有点红但不严重”，选 A）
7.A（yourself 你自己，妈妈对 Lily 说 “你可能弄伤自己”，反身代词指代 “you”，选 A）
8.B（Safety 安全，全文围绕 “厨房安全” 展开，选 B）
9.D（remember 记住，“记住正确的处理方法” 符合单元 “安全规则” 主题，选 D）
10.A（necessary 必要的，“如果有必要就去医院”，选 A）
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（三）语法填空
1. should drink（should 表建议，“喉咙痛应该喝蜂蜜水”，单元核心语法）
2. more painful（make + 宾语 + 比较级，“让喉咙更痛”，符合 “吃冷食的后果”，选 more
painful）
3. should avoid（should 表必要建议，“胃痛应该避免油炸食品”，单元 2c 中护士建议用此结
构）
4. yourself（反身代词 “你自己”，“别用刀割伤自己”，单元语法中 “cut yourself” 用法）
5. check（must 后接动词原形，“必须检查食材”，符合 “过敏防护” 的要求）
6. yourself（反身代词 “你自己”，“不确定时不要自我治疗”，单元 “健康问题应对” 主题）
（四）作文范文
范文：
A Doctor-Patient Conversation
Patient: Good morning, Doctor. I don’t feel well today.Doctor: Good morning. What’s the
matter with you?Patient: I have a high fever and a sore throat. It started yesterday evening.
I felt cold all night and couldn’t sleep well.Doctor: Let me take your temperature. Oh, it’s
39℃. You have the flu. Did you go to a crowded place recently?Patient: Yes, I went to a
concert with my friend on Saturday.Doctor: That’s probably why you caught the flu. You
should take this medicine three times a day and rest at home for two days. You could
drink more warm water and eat some light food, like porridge. When you go out later, you
should wear a mask to stop the virus from spreading.Patient: Thank you, Doctor. I’ll follow
your advice.
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