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2026
人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元讲义
一、单元主题与内容总览
本单元围绕 “The Wonders of Nature（自然奇观）” 展开，核心探讨自然奇观的特征、人
类对自然的探索及与自然的联结。内容涵盖三大模块：
1. 自然奇观认知：识别世界著名自然奇观（如珠穆朗玛峰、撒哈拉沙漠、马里亚纳海沟等），
学习用英语描述其地理位置、尺寸（高度、深度、面积）及独特之处，掌握大数（如
8,848.86 metres、9,000,000 square kiIometres）的表达；
2. 自然探索与成就：通过 “ 中国登山队攀登珠峰”“,奋斗者I号深潜马里亚纳海沟” 等案例，了
解人类探索自然的历程与成就，分析探索背后的意义（如好奇心、毅力）；
3. 实践任务：设计 “ 自然奇观海报” 项目，引导学生分组研究某一自然奇观（如青海湖、亚马
逊雨林），整合地理位置、尺寸、动植物、特殊价值等信息，用英语制作海报并展示，提
升信息整合与语言应用能力。
本单元旨在帮助学生掌握 “描述自然奇观” 的英语表达，培养对自然的敬畏与探索意识，同
时巩固形容词 / 副词比较级与最高级（复习）及大数的用法。
二、学习方法与建议
1. 词汇记忆：“奇观 + 特征” 关联记忆将核心词汇与自然奇观的具体特征绑定（如 “height”
关联 “珠峰”，“depth” 关联 “马里亚纳海沟”，“coraI” 关联 “大堡礁”），结合大数例句记忆，
如：“The Mariana Trench has a depth of about 11,000 metres.”
2. 语法练习：“对比 + 大数” 场景应用针对比较级与最高级，用 “两条河流”“两座山脉” 进行
对比造句（如 “The NiIe is Ionger than the Yangtze River ” ）；针对大数，制作 “ 自然奇观
尺寸表” ，用英语标注高度、深度（如 “珠穆朗玛峰：8,848.86 metres high” ），强化读写能
力。
3. 口语表达：模拟 “ 自然奇观介绍”参考课本 1d、3d 的对话模板，和同学互相介绍自然奇
观，用 “Where is it? → How big/deep is it? → WhatIs speciaI about it?” 的流程练习，
如：A: WhatIs your favorite naturaI wonder?B: ItIs the Great Barrier Reef. ItIs Iocated in
AustraIia.A:
How Iarge is it?B: ItIs about 345,000 square kiIometres. ItIs the biggest coraI reef in
the worId.
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人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
4. 阅读拓展：积累 “探索故事” 表达阅读单元 B 部分 “珠峰攀登” 故事时，摘抄探索相关短
语（如 “take measurements”“risk one’s life”“bit by bit” ），整理成 “ 自然探索手册” ，为写
作和实践任务做准备。
三、考点解析
（一）核心单词
1. wonder /'wʌndə(r)/n. 奇观；惊叹；v. 琢磨；想知道
搭配：natural wonders 自然奇观；the Seven Wonders of the World 世界七大奇观
例句：Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest natural wonders in the world.
2. measurement / 'meʒəmənt/n. 数量；测量
搭配：take measurements 进行测量；units of measurement 计量单位
例句：Scientists went to Mount Qomolangma to take its measurement in 2020.
3. surface / 'sɜ:fɪs/n. 表面；表层
搭配：the surface of the sea 海面；the surface of the earth 地表
例句：The surface of the Dead Sea is 416 metres below sea level.
4. depth /dept/n. 深（度）；纵深
搭配：the depth of the ocean 海洋深度；a depth of 11,000 metres 11000 米深
例句：The Mariana Trench has a depth of about 11,000 metres.
5. dive /daɪv/v. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲
搭配：dive into the deep sea 深潜；make a dive 潜水
例句：China’s Fendouzhe dived into the Mariana Trench in 2020.
6. climber /'klaɪmə(r)/n. 攀登者；登山者
搭配：mountain climbers 登山者；a professional climber 专业登山者
例句：Only the bravest climbers can reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
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人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
7. survive /sə 'vaɪv/v. 生存；存活；艰难度过
搭配：survive difficult conditions 在恶劣环境中存活；survive an accident 从事故中幸存
例句：Climbers must survive terrible conditions to reach the top of Qomolangma.
8. determined /dɪ 'tɜ:mɪnd/adj. 有决心的；坚决的
搭配：be determined to do sth 决心做某事；a determined climber 有决心的登山者
例句：The Chinese team was determined to climb Qomolangma from the northern side.
9. risk /rɪsk/v. 使…… 面临危险；n. 风险
搭配：risk one’s life 冒生命危险；take risks 冒险
例句：People still risk their lives to climb Mount Qomolangma.
10. explorer /ɪk 'splɔ:rə(r)/n. 探险者；勘探者
搭配：a deep-sea explorer 深海探险者；a famous explorer 著名探险者
例句：The English explorer George Mallory tried to climb Qomolangma.
11. coral /'kɒrəl/n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫
搭配：coral reef 珊瑚礁；colorful coral 彩色珊瑚
例句：The Great Barrier Reef is famous for its beautiful coral and fish.
12. structure /'strʌktʃə (r)/n. 结构（体）；构造
搭配：the largest living structure 最大的活体结构；rock structure 岩石结构
例句：The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on earth.
13. located /ləʊ 'keɪtɪd/adj. 位于；坐落在
搭配：be located in/on 位于… … ；a city located by the sea 沿海城市
例句：The Sahara Desert is located in northern Africa.
14. freshwater /'freʃwɔ:tə(r)/adj. 淡水的
搭配：freshwater lake 淡水湖；freshwater fish 淡水鱼
例句：Lake Baikal in Russia is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.
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人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
15. attract /ə 'trækt/v. 吸引；招引
搭配：attract tourists 吸引游客；attract attention 引起注意
例句：Natural wonders like the Great Barrier Reef attract millions of visitors every year.
（二）重点短语
1. by all means 无论如何；务必
例句：We should protect rivers by all means—they are important for our lives.
2. bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐地
例句：The climbers pulled themselves up the Second Step bit by bit.
3. take measurements 进行测量
例句：In 2020, a Chinese team went to Mount Qomolangma to take its measurements.
4. risk one’s life 冒生命危险
例句：Many climbers risk their lives to reach the top of Qomolangma.
5. be located in/on 位于……
例句：The Dead Sea is located between Jordan and Israel.
6. the surface of... …… 的表面
例句：The surface of the Yangtze River is calm in some parts.
7. the depth of... …… 的深度
例句：Scientists are still studying the depth of the Mariana Trench.
8. living structure 活体结构
例句：The Great Barrier Reef is not just a reef—it’s a huge living structure.
9. adapt to 适应
例句：Animals in the Sahara Desert must adapt to dry and hot weather.
10. millions of 数百万的
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例句：Millions of people visit natural wonders every year to enjoy their beauty.
（三）重点句子
1. What is the highest mountain in the world? It is Mount Qomolangma.（世界上最高的
山是什么？是珠穆朗玛峰。）
解析：此句用 “the + 形容词最高级 + 名词” 结构描述自然奇观的特征，“highest” 是 “ high”
的最高级，单元 1b、3a 中高频用于询问和回答自然奇观的 “最” 属性（如最深、最大）。仿写：
—What is the largest desert in the world? —It is the Sahara Desert.
2. How high is it? It is about 8,848.86 metres high.（它有多高？大约 8848.86 米高。）
解析：“ How + 形容词（high/deep/large 等）” 用于询问自然奇观的尺寸，回答用 “数词
+单位 + 形容词”，大数表达需注意格式（如 8,848.86 metres，千位用逗号分隔）。仿写：—
How deep is the Mariana Trench? —It is about 11,000 metres deep.
3. Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.（尼罗河和
黄河都帮助了古代文明的发展。）
解析：“ both...and.. ” 连接两个并列名词，表 “两者都” ；“help...to do sth” 表 “ 帮助… … 做
某事”，用于说明自然奇观对人类的重要性，单元 3a 对话中用于描述河流的价值。仿写：Both
the Yangtze River and the Amazon River provide water for people.
4. It was so high that even birds could not reach it.（它太高了，连鸟都飞不到那里。）
解析：“so...that...” 引导结果状语从句，表 “如此… … 以至于… …”，“so” 后接形容词 / 副
词， “that” 后接结果，单元 1b 中用于强调珠峰 “第二台阶” 的高度。仿写：The Sahara
Desert is so large that it covers 30% of Africa.
（四）重点语法
1. 形容词 / 副词比较级与最高级（复习）
本单元需熟练运用比较级描述 “两者对比” ，最高级描述 “三者及以上的最突出者” ，核心
用于自然奇观的特征对比：
比较级用
构成规则 例词（形容词 / 副词）
类别 最高级用法
法
一般加 - high（高的）→ higher → 两者对比，
单 三者及
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人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
比较级用
类别 构成规则 例词（形容词 / 副词） 最高级用法
法
节 er/-est；以 “e” highest；deep（深的）→ 用 “A + 上，用
“the
结尾加 - r/-st； deeper → deepest； be + 比较
+ 最高级
重读闭音节双 large （大的） → larger 级 + than
写尾字母加 - → + B”
er/-est largest
A + be +
important（重要的） →
the +
more +
多 加 more/most most
音 more important → most
多音节词
+ 多音节
important；dangerous
词
+ than + B
（危险的）→ more
dangerous → most
dangerous
. 例句：比较级：The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River.（长江比黄河长。）
最高级：Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.
（珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。）
2. 大数表达
本单元频繁使用大数描述自然奇观的尺寸（高度、深度、面积），核心规则如下：
. 千位（thousand）：1,000 = one thousand；10,000 = ten thousand；100,000 = one
hundred thousand
. 百万（million）：1,000,000 = one million；9,000,000 = nine million
. 格式：千位、百万位后用逗号分隔；读数时从右往左每三位为一组，依次读 “千、百万” ；
小数部分用 “point” 连接，如 8,848.86 = eight thousand eight hundred and forty-eight
point eight six
. 例句：The Sahara Desert is about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size.
（撒哈拉沙漠面积约 900 万平方千米。）
The Dead Sea is 416 metres below sea level.（死海海平面以下 416 米。）
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（五）作文指导
写作主题：An Amazing Natural Wonder（一处神奇的自然奇观）
写作要求：
1. 介绍一处自然奇观（如珠穆朗玛峰、青海湖、大堡礁），明确其地理位置与核心特征（尺
寸、景观、动植物等）；
2. 阐述其独特价值（如对人类文明的影响、生态意义）；
3. 字数不少于 80 词，正确使用形容词 / 副词最高级、大数表达及单元核心词汇（如
wonder、 depth、attract 等）。
写作结构：
开头段： 引入自然奇观模板：One of the most amazing natural wonders in the world
is __________（名称，如 “ Mount Qomolangma”“Qinghai Lake”）. It is located in __________
（地理位置，如 “the border of China and Nepal”“Qinghai Province, China” ）. People
from all over the world come to visit it every year.
中 间段 ：描述特 征 与价值模板 ：This wonder is famous for its __________ （特征
，如“height”“depth”“beautiful scenery”）. It is __________（尺寸，如 “8,848.86 metres
high”“4,340 square kilometres in size” ） —that makes it __________ （最 高级描述 ，如
“the highest mountain on earth”“the largest lake in China” ）. There are also __________
（动植物 ，如“special animals like yaks”“colorful fish and coral” ）living here. What’s
more, it has helped __________（价值，如 “ancient civilizations develop”“keep the local
ecosystem balanced” ）.
结尾段：表达感受与呼吁模板：Visiting this natural wonder makes me feel __________（感受，
如 “small in front of nature”“amazed by its beauty” ）. We should protect it by all means,
because it is not just a wonder—it’s a treasure for all humans.
四、过关检测
（一）单项选择（10 题）
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( ) 1. Mount Qomolangma is ________ mountain in the world. It is about 8,848.86
metres high.
A. high B. higher C. the highest D. highest
( ) 2. —________ is the Sahara Desert?—It’s about 9,000,000 square kilometres in size.
A. How long B. How large C. How deep D. How high
( ) 3. The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the ocean. Its __________ is about
11,000 metres.
A. surface B. measurement C. depth D. height
( ) 4. China’s Fendouzhe _____ into the Mariana Trench in 2020 and took many photos.
A. dived B. dive C. diving D. dives
( ) 5. The Yellow River is __________ than the Yangtze River, but it’s more
important for ancient Chinese civilizations.
A. long B. longer C. short D. shorter
( ) 6. The Great Barrier Reef is located __________ the northeastern coast of Australia.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
( ) 7. Many climbers risk ____ lives to climb Mount Qomolangma because of its beauty.
A. they B. their C. them D. themselves
( ) 8. The Dead Sea is so salty that no fish can _______ in it.
A. survive B. live C. stay D. exist
( ) 9. —Which is ________ river in China?
—The Yangtze River. It’s about 6,300 kilometres long.
A. long B. longer C. the longest D. longest
( ) 10. Natural wonders like the Great Barrier Reef _____ millions of tourists every year.
A. attract B. catch C. draw D. take
（二）完形填空（10 题）
One of the most amazing natural wonders I’ve ever known is Qinghai Lake. It is located
in Qinghai Province, China, and it’s the 1 __________ lake in the country. Its surface
area is
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about 4,340 square kilometres—much larger than many other lakes in China.
What makes Qinghai Lake special? First, it’s a salt lake. The water is so salty that you can 2
__________ easily on its surface, just like the Dead Sea. Second, it has beautiful scenery.
Every summer, many kinds of flowers bloom around the lake, and 3 __________ of birds
come here to live. You can see birds flying over the blue water and sheep eating grass
on the green hills nearby—it’s like a picture!
Qinghai Lake is also important for the local people. It provides water for their farms
and helps keep the 4 __________ balanced. Many people make a living by fishing in the
lake, but they are careful not to overfish.
Last year, I visited Qinghai Lake with my family. We drove around the lake and 5
__________ many photos. The air was fresh, and the view was so amazing that I felt small
in front of nature. I also learned that we should 6 __________ natural wonders. If we don’t
protect them, they might disappear one day.
During our trip, we met a local guide. He told us that Qinghai Lake is getting a little
smaller every year because of climate change. This made me realize how 7 __________ it is
to take care of our natural treasures. He 8 __________ told us about the special fish in the
lake—they can only live in this salty water and can’t be found anywhere else. We
asked him 9 __________ we could help protect the lake, and he suggested reducing
plastic use when visiting.
Qinghai Lake is not just a lake—it’s a treasure. It shows us 10 __________ beautiful
nature can be. I hope more people can visit it and learn to love our earth. We should
remember that natural wonders are for everyone to enjoy, but we must also protect
them for future generations.
( ) 1. A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
( ) 2. A. stand B. swim C. float D. walk
( ) 3. A. thousands B. thousand C. thousandth D. thousands of
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( ) 4. A. environment B. ecosystem C. weather D. climate
( ) 5. A. took B. made C. got D. did
( ) 6. A. destroy B. protect C. visit D. enjoy
( ) 7. A. important B. dangerous C. beautiful D. interesting
( ) 8. A. too B. also C. either D. neither
( ) 9. A. what B. how C. why D. where
( ) 10. A. what B. how C. why D. where
（三）语法填空
Natural wonders are amazing gifts from nature. Let’s learn about some of them.
The Sahara Desert is the 1 __________（large）hot desert in the world. It is about
9,000,000 square kilometres in size. Mount Qomolangma is the 2 __________ （ high ）
mountain on earth. Its height is 8,848.86 metres. Scientists say it is still growing 3
__________（slow）.
The Mariana Trench is the deepest point in the ocean. It is about 11,000 metres deep.
In 2020, China’s Fendouzhe 4 __________（dive ）into it successfully. The Great Barrier
Reef in Australia is the 5 __________（big）coral reef in the world. It 6 __________（attract）
millions of visitors every year.
（四）作文
写作任务：
以 “An Amazing Natural Wonder” 为题，写一篇短文，介绍一处自然奇观（如珠穆朗玛峰、
青海湖），包含 “地理位置 — 核心特征 — 独特价值” ，字数 80-100 词，需使用形容
词最高级、大数表达和单元核心词汇（如 wonder、depth、attract 等）。
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（五）答案和解析
（一）单项选择
1. C（the highest 最高级，“珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山” ，三者及以上比较用最高级，
加the ，选 C）
2. B（How large 询问面积，答语是 “900 万平方千米” ，对应 “面积” ，选 B）
3. C（depth 深度，“马里亚纳海沟的深度约 11000 米” ，选 C）
4. A（dived 过去式，“2020 年” 是过去时间，用一般过去时，选 A）
5. D（shorter 比较级，“黄河比长江短” ，根据常识及单元 3a 对话，选 D）
6. B（on the coast 在海岸上，固定搭配，“大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸” ，选 B）
7. B（their 形容词性物主代词，“risk their lives” 表示 “ 冒他们的生命危险” ，选 B）
8. A（survive 存活，“死海太咸，鱼无法在其中存活” ，强调 “艰难存活” ，选 A）
9. C（the longest 最高级，“ 中国最长的河流” ，三者及以上比较，选 C）
10. A（attract 吸引，“ 自然奇观吸引游客”，单元 39 中 “attract tourists” 是固定搭配，选
A）
（二）完形填空
1.C（最高级 “ largest” 前已加定冠词 “the” ，表 “ 中国最大的湖泊” ，符合单元 “用形容词
最高级描述自然奇观特征” 的语法重点，如文档中描述 “the biggest coral reef in the
world”的用法 6）。
2.C（“float” 意为 “漂浮”，结合青海湖是盐湖的特性，与文档中 “ Dead Sea 表面可漂浮”
的常识一致，符合单元 “ 自然奇观独特物理属性” 的描述逻辑 1 ）。
3.A（ “thousands of” 为固定搭配表 “成千上万” ，文档中常用此类表达描述自然奇观中的
生物数量，如 “over 900 islands” 的大数表达逻辑 6）。
4.B（ “ecosystem” 意为 “生态系统” ，文档中多次提及自然奇观对 “生态平衡” 的作用，
如“the Amazon Rainforest keeps the ecosystem balanced”，贴合单元 “ 自然与生态关联”
的主题 8）。
5.A（ “took photos” 为固定短语表 “拍照” ，符合文档中 “记录自然奇观参观经历” 的语
境，如描述游览维多利亚瀑布时 “felt the water rush past us” 的体验记录 4）。
6.B（ “protect” 意为 “ 保护” ，呼应文档中 “ 保护自然奇观” 的核心观点，如 “we
should protect rivers by all means” 的呼吁，与后文 “不保护就会消失” 的逻辑一致 3）。
7.A（“important” 意为 “重要的”，文档中强调自然奇观的价值，如 “ Mount Qomolangma
is important for scientific research” ，此处 “ 意识到保护的重要性” 符合单元 “ 自然奇观价
值”的论述 5）。
8.B（ “also” 用于句中表 “还” ，补充导游分享的湖鱼信息，符合文档中 “逐步介绍自然奇
观细节” 的表达逻辑，如描述大堡礁时 “also alive” 的信息补充 7）。
9.B（ “how” 引导宾语从句表 “ 如何帮助保护湖泊” ，后文 “减少塑料使用” 是具体方法，
符合文档中 “询问自然保护方法” 的场景，如 “how to use a fire extinguisher” 的疑问结构
9）。
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人教版英语八下学霸预习讲义和练习
10.B（“ how” 表 “ 多么” ，“ how beautiful nature can be” 符合 “ how + 形容词” 的句
式，文档中常用此类表达赞美自然奇观，如 “how amazing about nature” 的核心主题
2）。
（三）语法填空
1. largest（the + 最高级，“撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热沙漠” ，选 largest）
2. highest（the + 最高级，“珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山” ，选 highest）
3. slowly（副词修饰动词 growing，“缓慢地升高” ，选 slowly）
4. dived（过去式，“2020 年” 是过去时间，用一般过去时，选 dived）
5. biggest（the + 最高级，“大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁” ，选 biggest）
6. attracts（一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，“每年吸引游客” ，选 attracts）
（四）范文
An Amazing Natural Wonder
One of the most amazing natural wonders in the world is Mount Qomolangma. It is
located on the border of China and Nepal, and it’s famous as the highest mountain
on earth.
Its height is 8,848.86 metres—so high that the air there is very thin. Climbers must be
brave and determined to reach the top, because the conditions are terrible: cold
temperatures, strong winds, and dangerous cliffs. Despite this, many people still risk their
lives to climb it. Mount Qomolangma also helps scientists learn about the earth’s
structure.
Visiting Mount Qomolangma makes me amazed by nature’s power. We should protect
it, as it’s a precious wonder for all humans.
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