文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．cholera n．霍乱
2．diarrhoea n．腹泻
3．dehydration n．脱水
4．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
5．germ n．微生物；细菌；病菌
6．pump n．泵；抽水机；打气筒
7．water pump水泵
8．household n．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
9．raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
10．statistic n．[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
11．epidemiology n．流行病学
12．microscope n．显微镜
13．protein n．蛋白质
14．cell n．细胞；小房间；单间牢房
15．virus n．病毒
16．vaccine n．疫苗
17．framework n．框架；结构
18．theoretical framework理论框架
19．rainbow n．彩虹
20．concrete n．混凝土 adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
21．plasma n．血浆
22．aerospace n．航空航天工业
23．patriotic adj.爱国的
24．mechanical adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的
25．mechanic n．机械师；机械修理工
26．aviation n．航空制造业；航空；飞行27．jet n．喷气式飞机
28．missile n．导弹
29．astronomer n．天文学家
30．astronomy n．天文学
31．telescope n．望远镜
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
3．suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
5．handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
6．link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
7．substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
8．decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
9．transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
10．thinking n．思想；思维；见解
11．finding n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
12．initial adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
13．solid adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
14．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
15．shadow n．阴影；影子；背光处
16．pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
17．leadership n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
18．trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
19．outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
20．abstract adj.抽象的；理论上的 n．(文献等的)摘要
21．concept n．概念；观念
22．besides prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
23．brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
24．furthermore adv.此外；再者
25．fault n．弱点；过错
26．shift n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustrate vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustration n．沮
丧；懊恼；挫败2．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；传染的
3．proof n．证据；证明；检验→prove vt.证明 link v．证明是
4．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply vi.& vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖
5．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.干扰；介入
6．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purely adv.完全地；纯粹地→purify vt.净化；使……
洁净；提纯
7．defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defence n．防御；保卫；保护
8．assistant n．助理；助手→assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→assistance n．帮助；协助；援助
9．gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→gift n．礼物；天赋
10．steady adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadily adv.稳定地；持续地
11．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
1．have...at heart 把……放在心上；热心于做某事
2．keep...on track使……做法对路
3．count on信赖；依靠；指望
4．betray /bI'treI/ vt.背叛；出卖；流露
5．stick up to支持；捍卫
6．nurture /'nɜːtʃə(r)/ vt.培育；养育
7．undertaking /ˌʌndə'teIkIŋ/ n．任务；事业
8．dwell /dwel/ vi.居住；栖身
dwell on老是想着或唠叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)
9．inform /In'fɔːm/ vt.知会；通知；报告
10．parallel /'pærəlel/ adj.对应的；平行的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．once and for all最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe to同意；赞同
3．thanks to幸亏；由于
4．break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．in charge of主管；掌管
6．come down with患(病)；染上(小病)
7．above all最重要的是；尤其是
8．die from/of死于
9．in time及时；迟早
10．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John
Snow，showed how it could be overcome.(until引导的时间状语从句)在英国医生约翰•斯诺
向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than
500 people died in ten days.(so...that...)
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
3．Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(that引导的宾语从句)
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4．It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to
her house every day.(It seemed that...似乎……)
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
5．Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(have sth
done)因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6．Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a
computer to talk.(形容词短语作状语)大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电
脑来说话的样子。
Since the severe disease broke out ， many people all over the world
1.________________________(infect) ． The specialists in epidemiology who are
outstanding，gifted and patriotic along with their assistants have been 2.____________
charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from
3.________________(kill)．They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once
and for all.Initially，with concrete proof collected，they suspected that wild bats were
4.____________(blame)．But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and
multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus，which 5.____________(gradual)
transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made them subscribe to the
idea that the virus was not directly linked to the bats，which made the brilliant experts
6.____________(frustrate)．This also cast a shadow on the experts，so they had to shift
towards 7.____________ to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less
we go out，the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in
more protein and eating more vegetables are good 8.____________(choose) as well.Last but not
least，what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，
the threat of the disease saw a substantial decrease.The disease has taught us to lead a healthy life
such as drinking pure or boiled water 9.____________ avoiding raw foods.Most importantly，
we should have faith in our government，under 10.____________ leadership，we have achieved
steady success.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备
•be to blame (for sth)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
•take/bear/shoulder the blame (for sth)承担(……的)过错/责任
put/place/lay the blame (for sth) on sb把(……的)责任推给某人
(1)These biased perspectives cannot be blamed ____________ one single cause.(2023•北京)
(2)老实说，你不应该把失败完全归咎于你的搭档。毕竟，你也应该为此负责。
To be honest，you should not completely ________________________________________.After
all，you should also ____________________________________.
(3)由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。(读后续写之情绪描写)
________________________________________________ ， the girl couldn’t help crying
bitterly，burying her face in her hands.
decrease vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低 n．减少；降低；减少量
•decrease (from...) to...(从……)减少到……
decrease by...降低了……
decrease in...在……方面减少/减小/下降
•on the decrease在减少
a decrease of...(in...)(在……方面)……的减少量
(1)Thanks to the government’s timely intervention，the number of people affected by the
disease has decreased ____________ three hundred.
(2)According to a report，there has been a decrease of nearly 6% ____________ the number of
visitors to the museum.
(3)据报道，由于智能手机的问世，看杂志的人数在减少。
It is reported that as a result of the appearance of smartphones ____________________________
_______________________________________________.
defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 [defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护]
•defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
•in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护in one’s defence为某人辩护
(1)Faced with the severe disaster ， the government firmly promised to defend its people
____________ being harmed.
(2)The assistant stepped back appearing frightened and put up her hands as if in
____________(defend)．
(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
Seeing the fierce snake，____________________________________________________.
above all最重要的是；尤其是
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先；第一
all in all整体说来；总而言之
in all全部；合计
at all(否定句)一点也，完全；(疑问句)到底；究竟
用all的相关短语填空
(1)Learning that you are coming to Beijing Language and Culture University as an exchange
student，I am writing to give you some suggestions.________________，you’d better learn
some basic Chinese before you come.____________，you will be under completely unfamiliar
circumstances.Secondly，you should be outgoing，active and confident.____________，you
should be optimistic，which can help you adapt to the new surroundings easily.____________，
studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy ____________.(应用文写作之建议信)
(2)Thanks to your timely and generous help ， I managed to handle the four problems
____________.
until引导的时间状语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the
world， until a British doctor ， John Snow ， showed how it could be overcome .在英国医生约
翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
•画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么主句需用肯
定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
•倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动
词”。
•强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
(1)我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
________________________________________________________________________ to help
my father buy a new tractor.(2)直到我参加了篮球队，我才意识到团队合作的重要性。
①I ________________________________________________ I took part in the basketball team.
(not...until...)
②____________________________________________________ the significance of team work.
(倒装句)
③________________________________________________ I realized the significance of team
work.(强调句)
so...that... He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so
severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱暴发是
如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
•so...that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
•such...that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
•当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
(1)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
①He was ________________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
②________________________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(用倒装句改写)
(2)自学室是一个如此吸引人的地方，因此许多学生会聚集在那里，以进一步提高他们的学
习水平。(2022•浙江6月，应用文写作)
The self-study room ____________________________________________________________ to
further improve their learning level.
(3)你在学习上取得了如此大的进步，这次考试你一定会取得好成绩。
________________________________________________________________________
have sth done Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could
not be used.因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
have sth done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇某事
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事have sth to do有某事要做
(1)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
We began to help pick peaches and then ____________________________________________.
(2)我很遗憾地告诉你，我将会让你退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。
I regret to tell you that I will ____________________ ， for we
______________________________ in the game.
(3)我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之
道歉信)
I am terribly sorry for _____________________，because _______________________ just now.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．handle
(1)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.
(2022·全国甲)________
(2)Driving a car is not just handling controls but judging speed and distance.________
(3)Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.________
(4)Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the
details，make suggestions，and then handle the actual reservations.(2023·浙江1月)________
2．subscribe to
(1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for
all.________
(2)This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the
past.________
(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday ， I have subscribed to multiple magazines
recently.________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.____________
(2)It’s my turn to be on the night shift.____________
(3)He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.____________
(4)Over twenty prisoners were crushed into a small dark cell.____________
(5)The government needs to pump more money into community care.____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Furthermore，table tennis is ____________ an interesting game that people all over the world
play it.
2．I have to say ____________ his defence because he，an honest man，won’t steal anything in
the grocery store.
3．In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake，____________(shift) his weight nervously
from one foot to another.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
4．However ____________(gift) you are，you won’t succeed without constant effort and
perseverance.
5．I was overcome with sadness because I was suspected ____________ stealing his money.
6．Such a mean woman is she that she is always finding fault ______________ others，which
really gets us annoyed.
7．The outstanding astronomer who devoted himself to his career came down ____________ a
severe illness.
8．I entirely believe that you are not linked __________ what happened just now.
9 ． Thanks to your generous help and kindness ， my first Canada trip was transformed
__________________ an unforgettable memory.(应用文写作之感谢信)
10．In a sense，we should blame the present terrible environment ____________ humans’ over-
consumption.
假定你是李华，近日你校举办了以“科学之美”为主题的科学节science festival。请
你根据以下要点，给你的外国朋友Peter写一封信介绍该活动，内容包括：
1.举办时间；2.活动内容；3.师生反响。
完成句子
1．我写信告诉你，上周我们学校举办了一场主题为“科学之美”的科学节，其目的是提高
学生的科学意识。(that引导宾语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2．活动期间，安排了一系列科学知识小测验、吸引人的先进技术讲座和来自学生的各种科
学作品展览，我们仿佛在享受一场科学盛宴。(which seems that...)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3．活动几乎持续了一整天，直到标志着最后一节课结束的铃声响起。(until引导时间状语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4．既激动又兴奋，不仅学生，部分教师也积极参与其中。(形容词短语作状语)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5．这次活动非常吸引人，所有参与者都对这次活动给予了高度评价。(so...that...引导倒装
句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[人物描写] frustrated；contradictory；gifted；outstanding；brilliant；leadership
亮
[动作描写] subscribe to；suspect；blame；handle；transform；cast；
词
defend→defence；come down (with)；in charge of
1.He was determined to find out why.(情感描写)
2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it
delivered to her house every day.(情感描写)
3.For this reason，Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.(比喻)
美 4.Born in Shanghai in 1911，Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered
句 Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.(人物描写)
5.Nevertheless，Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.(情
感描写)
6.On 31 October 2009，the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death.(拟人)
7.Besides being brilliant，he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he saidor did.(人物描写)
8.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others
were afraid to dream about.(排比)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：愤怒(一)
rage n．& v．愤怒；boil v．怒火中烧；furious adj.狂怒的；cross adj.生气的；
mad adj.很生气→madly adv.发狂地；angry adj.生气的→anger n．生气；愤怒 v．
单词
激怒→angrily adv.生气地；annoy v．惹生气；惹怒→annoyed adj.生气的
→annoying adj.令人生气的→annoyance n．生气；愤怒
flame with anger/rage气得脸通红；turn white with anger气得脸色发白；be purple
with anger/rage气得脸色发紫；a flame of anger怒火；cloud (over) with anger怒容满
词块
面；boil with anger勃然大怒；glare at sb怒目而视；go bananas生气；抓狂；bite
one’s head off气愤地对某人大喊大叫；lose one’s temper发脾气
1.My teacher was extremely displeased at my conduct and almost shouted at me
angrily.我的老师对我的行为极为不满，几乎愤怒地对我大喊大叫。
2．The moment I saw him，a flame of anger shot through me.一看到他我就怒火中
烧。
3．He got hot under the collar when he was asked to be responsible for what he had
句型 done.当他被要求为自己的行为负责时，他很愤怒。
4．Rage flowed through her like lava when she got the annoying news.当她得到这
个令人气愤的消息时，愤怒像熔岩一样弥漫她全身。
5．Her silly conduct really made my blood boil.她愚蠢的行为真让我怒火中烧。
6．One thing you should keep in mind is that your certain habits may get on other
people’s nerves.你得记住一件事：你的某些习惯可能会把别人惹毛。
语料运用 杰出人物
Knowing Qian Xuesen was determined to return to his motherland，the authorities of the US
①____________________________.They ②____________________________________ and
detained his families，③_______________________________________________________(定
语从句)．④________________________(倒装结构) he gave up all he had achieved in
America.⑤____________________________________(with 的复合结构)，he wisely fought
with the US and after overcoming many difficulties，he managed to return to China in 1955.His
return ⑥________________________________________________ and
⑦____________________________，China developed the Dongfeng missiles.
美国当局知道钱学森决心回国后，极为生气。他们不能允许这样一个才华横溢的天才离
开，扣留了他的家人，这让他勃然大怒。他如此愤怒以至于放弃了他在美国取得的一切。带
着满腔怒火，他高明地与美国斗争，并在克服了许多困难后，于1955年成功返回中国。他的归来照亮了中国的火箭科学，在他的领导下，中国研制了东风导弹。
