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Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet ?
第三课时(分层作业)
基础达标
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．One of my friends _________ (be) to the Great Wall three times.
2．Sorry, I can’t lend you my e-dictionary. I __________ (lend) it to Mary.
3．Mr Wu gets angry because most of us ________ (not hand) in our work so far.
4．What do you think of those famous ________ (France) writers in history?
5．Scientists have _________ (send) spaceships to space.
6．Have you ever __________ (write) to your parents to ask for help?
7．— May I go to play tennis with you, Dad?
— It depends. ________ you ________ (finish) your homework yet?
8．Singer is the most popular program that I ________ (see) so far.
9．—Have you heard of this new film?
—Yes, I can’t wait ________（see）it.
10．The Palace Museum is a magical place where national ________（treasure） are shown for
everybody.
二、句型转换
11．I have already seen the movie．(改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)
________you________the movie________？
_______，I________.
12．Mrs．Green taught in the club five years ago．(用since five years ago改写句子)
Mrs．Green_______ _______in the club since five years ago．
13．Where is Frank going?Do you know?(合并为一句)
Do you know________ _______ _______going?
14．They have come up with a good idea．(改为否定句)
They_______ ________up with a good idea．
15．I think these hooks are exciting．(对画线部分提问)
________ ________you_________ _______these books?
能力提升
三、单项选择
16．I’m so glad that I _________ nearly half of the test now.
A．finish B．finished C．will finish D．have finished
17．—The book is popular. ________ you ________ it yet? —Yes, I have.
A．Are; reading B．Were; reading C．Have; read D．Will; read
18．—I have seen the film We Are All Fighters against the COVID-19. What about you, Peter?
—Oh. I __________ it last week.
A．have seen B．see C．saw D．will see
19．—Have you finished your homework?
—__________. Just half of it. How about you?
A．Not at all B．Not likely C．Not a bit D．Not yet20．—What else would you like？
—________else．I’ve had enough．Thank you．
A．Something B．Nothing C．Anything D．Everything
21．—________you________Beijing before？
—Yes．I________Beijing last year．
A．Did；visit；visited B．Have；visited；went to
C．Have；visited；have visited D．Do；visit；have visited
22．The film A Plastic Ocean is so amazing that I ________ it twice.
A．watched B．have watched C．watch D．will watch
23．The girl sitting next to me on the plane is very nervous, for she ________ before.
A．isn’t flying B．didn’t fly C．hasn’t flown D．wasn’t flying
24．—I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.
—What do you think ________?
A．he has happened B．to happen
C．has happened to him D．him to happen
25．I have ________ finished my writing composition.
A．yet B．ever C．before D．just
26．Welcome home! China’s Shenzhou-13 that we are looking forward to ________ back on
Earth on April 16, 2022 successfully, setting a new national record.
A．landed B．land C．Landing D.to land
27．Kids are always ________ to read the book Journey to the West. And the Monkey King has
________ the children of China for many years.
A．exerting, excited B．excited, exciting C．exciting, exciting D．excited, excited
28．Lily and her sister look the same. I can’t tell one from ________.
A．other B．another C．the other D．others
29．She said, “I can’t wait ________ what Africa is like.”
A．to see B．see C．seeing D．saw
30．What’s your attitude ________ the problem?
A．at B．for C．in D．towards
拓展训练
四、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Where did you go yesterday? Did you hear music at ____31____ (some) of these places?
Today most stores and restaurants play music. You might even hear music in an office or on farm.
____32____ (scientist) believe that music influences the way people behave. According to
them, the sound of western classical music (Mozart and Bach) makes people feel a lot
____33____ (rich). When restaurant plays classical music, people spend more money
____34____ food and drinks. But when the restaurant plays modern music, people spend less
money. With no background music, people don’t want ____35____ (spend) money anymore.
Scientists also believe that loud, fast music makes people eat faster. People actually chew____36____ (they) food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music
during their busy hours. This gets people to eat faster and leave ____37____ (quick). Restaurants
can make more money in this way.
Some scientists think that music makes you think and learn better. They say that music helps
students to be more alert(警觉的). It is true that people learn better when they are ____38____
(relax). And ____39____ (listen) to music can help you relax.
The next time you hear music somewhere, be ____40____ (care). It might change the way
you behave.
31.___________ 32.___________ 33.___________ 34.___________ 35.__________
36.___________ 37.___________ 38.___________ 39.___________ 40.__________
五、完形填空
I am a book lover. So my house is forever full of ___41___. I have new ones, old ones, hard
covers, paperbacks,
___42___ and non-stories. I have three boxes of books in my closet, two boxes on the floor
of my bedroom, and a box of children’s books ___43___ for my future grandchildren. I have
even more books ___44___ the two I wrote on my desk. I try to keep the books ___45___
building up by donating as many as I can to the local ___46___, but as soon as I donate a few, I
find myself buying a few more.
Books I read keep my mind young, my heart ___47___, and my soul bright. They bring me
knowledge, laughter and joy. They connect me with the wisdom(智慧) of the past and the new
ideas of the ___48___. They keep me moving on the right path as I journey through life.
I have learned that people are a lot like books as well. Some have bright and shiny covers
___49___ don’t have very much to say inside of them. ___50___ look old and plain but so full
of wisdom and light that reading them can ___51___ your whole life. One difference between
books and people, though, is that while a book has an ending, the writing inside of us ___52___
forever.
Take care when writing the book of your own life. Fill it with love for yourself, others and
the world. Fill it with all the wisdom you have learned, goodness you have done, ___53___ you
have shared, and joy you have ___54___. Keep writing it every day, too. Make it everything you
are and everything you want to be, and then open it to ___55___ . I know it will be a wonderful
and fantastic book.
41．A．papers B．books C．lights D．tapes
42．A．music B．painting C．stories D．radios
43．A．waiting B．caring C．looking D．working
44．A．holding B．leaving C．including D．breaking
45．A．to B．from C．in D．under
46．A．hospital B．museum C．company D．library
47．A．warm B．lost C．funny D．usual
48．A．problems B．people C．present D．progress
49．A．and B．but C．so D．however50．A．Others B．The other C．Other D．The others
51．A．waste B．record C．change D．produce
52．A．puts out B．goes on C．tells by D．gives up
53．A．loneliness B．business C．darkness D．kindness
54．A．spread B．bought C．affected D．cost
55．A．someday B．nobody C．everyday D．everyone
六、阅读回答问题
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
If you visit some villages in the English countryside, you might be lucky to see Morris
dancing. People are not sure how old this kind of dancing is. Some think it started 2,000 years ago,
but most agree that Morris dancing is probably about five centuries old.
Many agree that it celebrates traditional English farm life on holidays. Morris dancers wear
traditional clothes. Usually this is a white shirt, a bright jacket, a hat and small bells called “jingle
bells”. There are different styles of Morris dancing from different places around England.
In Cotswold Morris, the dancers usually carry white handkerchiefs(手绢)and sticks, which
they hit as they dance. Each dance has six men dancers in Cotswold style, with a musician who
plays a pipe(管乐器)or a violin.
Morris dancing styles from the north of England often use swords(剑) instead of sticks and
dancers can look a little like soldiers, which is different from southern styles. It is common in this
style for men and women to dance together. Border Morris comes from the west of England, near
the border with Wales. Dancers in this style usually wear normal clothes with pieces of colorful
paper, and sometimes they put black paint on their faces.
Morris dancing is an old English tradition but it's facing a big crisis(危机).As the years go by,
fewer and fewer young people join Morris dancing groups. To pass down the tradition, the
government calls for more young people to do something to change the situation.
56．Where can you see Morris dancing?
__________________________________________________________
57．How many dancers are there in each Cotswold style dance?
__________________________________________________________
58．Do dancers use swords in southern styles?
__________________________________________________________
59．What do dancers in Border Morris style wear?
__________________________________________________________
60．Why does the government ask young people to do something to change the situation?
__________________________________________________________参考答案：
1．has been
【详解】句意：我的一个朋友去过长城三次。根据three times表示三次，推测句子表示去
过，故用“have/has been to”表示去过，主语是One of my friends，助动词用has。故填has
been。
2．have lent
【详解】句意：对不起，我不能把我的电子词典借给你。我已经把它借给玛丽了。根据
“Sorry, I can’t lend you my e-dictionary.”可知，把电子词典已经借给玛丽，造成的影响是现
在不能借给你了，时态用现在完成时（have/has done），主语是第一人称，助动词用
have，lend的过去分词为lent。故填have lent。
3．haven’t handed
【详解】句意：吴老师很生气，因为我们大多数人到目前为止还没有上交工作。根据“so
far”可知，从句时态用现在完成时，主语是most of us，助动词用have，与not连用可缩写
为haven’t；hand的过去分词是handed。故填haven’t handed。
4．French
【详解】句意：你觉得历史上那些著名的法国作家怎么样？France“法国”，名词，此处应
用形容词French“法国的”，作定语修饰名词writers。故填French。
5．sent
【详解】句意：科学家已经把宇宙飞船送入太空。根据空前的“have”可知，时态应是是现
在完成时：have+过去分词。send“发射”，过去分词为sent。故填sent。
6．written
【详解】句意：你曾经写信给你的父母求助了吗？根据助动词“have”可知句子时态为现在
完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，故填written。
7． Have finished
【详解】句意：——爸爸，我可以和你一起去打网球吗？ ——这取决于。你完成家庭作业
了吗？根据yet可知时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done，主语是you，所以用have，
变为一般疑问句将have提前即可，finish过去分词是finished，所以第二个空是finished。
故填Have；finished。
8．have seen
【详解】句意：《歌手》是我迄今为止看过的最受欢迎的节目。根据“so far”可知本句应用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have，故填have seen。
9．to see
【详解】句意：——你听说过这部新电影吗？——是的，我等不及要看了。can’t wait to do
sth“等不及做某事”，动词不定式作宾语，故填to see。
10．treasures
【详解】句意：故宫博物院是一个神奇的地方，为每个人展示国宝。treasure“珍宝”，名
词。根据are可知名词用复数，故填treasures。
11． Have seen yet Yes have 12． has taught
13． where Frank is 14． haven’t come 15． What
do think of
【解析】11．句意：我已经看过这部电影了。现在完成时态的构成：have/has + 过去分词，
变一般疑问句时，把助动词have/has提前，肯定回答为Yes,…have/has. 否定回答为No, …
haven’t/hasn’t. 同时注意肯定句中的already变疑问句时要改为yet，故答案为(1). Have (2).
seen (3). yet (4). Yes (5). have
12．句意：格林夫人五年前在这个俱乐部任教。题干的另外一种表达方式为：格林夫人自
从五年前就在这个俱乐部任教了。Since+ 时间点，表示的是时间段，用于现在完成时态中，
故答案为(1). has (2). taught
13．句意：弗兰克要去哪里？你知道吗？合并为一句，即是把原来的句子合并为宾语从句，
注意宾语从句的语序为陈述句的语序，故答案为(1). where (2). Frank (3). is
14．句意：他们想出了一个好主意。现在完成时态的否定句的变法就是在助动词have/has
后加not，故答案为(1). haven’t (2). come
15．句意：我认为这些书很令人振奋。对某物/某事发表自己的观点运用句型：What do you
think of…？根据题干要求可知，答案为(1). What (2). do (3). think (4). of
点睛：句型转换的3题与现在完成时态有关：下面简单介绍一下现在完成时态的构成： 1.
肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其
2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他
3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
16．D【详解】句意：我很高兴我现在已经完成了将近一半的考试。
考查动词时态。finish动词原形；finished动词过去式；will finish一般将来时；have finished
现在完成时。根据句意可知，这里是过去的动作对现在造成的结果，所以用现在完成时，
故选D。
17．C
【详解】句意：——这本书很受欢迎。你读过了吗？——是的，我读过了。
考查现在完成时。Are; reading构成现在进行时；Were; reading构成过去进行时；Have; read
构成现在完成时；Will; read构成一般将来时。根据问句句尾的yet及答句“Yes, I have.”可
知问句要用现在完成时。故选C。
18．C
【详解】句意：——我已经看过电影《疫情面前我们都是战士》。那你呢，彼得？——哦。
我上周看过了。
考查一般过去时。A. have seen表现在完成时；B. see表一般现在时；C. saw表一般过去时；
D. will see表一般将来时。根据句中last week提示，空格处所在句子应用一般过去时，故
选C。
19．D
【详解】句意：——你完成作业了吗？——现在还没有，就写完一半。你呢？
考查情景交际。Not at all一点也不；Not likely不见得；Not a bit一点也不；Not yet还没有。
根据“ Just half of it. ”可知还没完成，只完成一半。故选D。
20．B
【详解】根据I’ve had enough．得知不需要其他的东西了，故选B。
21．B
【详解】before用于现在完成时中，last year用于一般过去时中。
22．B
【详解】句意：电影《塑料海洋》太棒了，我都看了两遍了。
考查动词时态。根据“I ... it twice.”可知，句子应用现在完成时。故选B。
23．C
【详解】句意：在飞机上坐在我旁边的那个女孩非常紧张，因为她以前没有坐过飞机。
考查动词时态。分析句子可知，女孩之前没坐过飞机，所以现在很紧张，强调过去的动作
对现在产生影响，应为现在完成时。故选C。
24．C【详解】句意：——我很长时间没有亨利的消息了。——你觉得他出了什么事？
考查动词时态。分析句子结构，根据“I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time”可知，强
调过去对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，排除B和D选项。sth happen to sb“某人发生了
某事”，故选C。
25．D
【详解】句意：我刚刚写完我的作文。
考查现在完成时的时间状语。在现在完成时的句子中，yet意思是：尚、还、已经，用于疑
问句或否定句的句末；ever意思是：曾经，用于疑问句或否定句的句中；before意思是：
之前，用于句末；just意思是：刚刚，用于肯定句或疑问句句中。根据“I have…finished
my writing composition.”可知，此处应该表示刚刚完成作业。故选D。
26．A
【详解】句意：欢迎回家！我们期待着中国神舟十三号在2022年4月16日成功返回地球，
创造一项新的国家纪录。
考查非谓语动词。空格后“that we are looking forward to”为定语从句修饰先行词
“Shenzhou-13”，空格处为谓语动词，根据“April 16, 2022”，可知时态为一般过去时。故
选A。
27．D
【详解】句意：孩子们读《西游记》总是很兴奋。孙悟空多年来一直让中国的孩子们兴奋
不已。
考查excite的用法。exciting“令人兴奋的”，形容词；excited“兴奋的”，形容词；
excite“使兴奋”，动词。根据“Kids are always ... to read the book Journey to the West.”可知，
第一空要用形容词作表语，be excited to do sth.意为“很兴奋地做某事”；再根据空前的
“has”可知，第二空要用现在完成时，结构为have done；excite的过去分词为excited。故
选D。
28．C
【详解】句意：莉莉和她姐姐长得一样。我分不清两者。
考查代词用法。other其他的，后常加名词复数；another三者及以上的另一个；the other两
者中的另一个；others其他人/物。根据“Lily and her sister”可知是指两者，由“one”可知，
此处是one...the other“一个……另一个……”结构。故选C。
29．A
【详解】句意：她说：“我迫不及待地想看看非洲是什么样子。”考查非谓语动词。can’t wait to do sth. “迫不及待做某事”，可知填不定式。故选A。
30．D
【详解】句意：对于这个问题你是什么态度呢?
考查介词辨析。at在；for为了；in在……里面；towards对着。根据“What’s your
attitude ... the problem?”可知，此处是指对于这个问题你是什么态度，the attitude towards意
为“……的态度”，故选D。
31．any 32．Scientists 33．richer 34．on 35．to spend 36．their
37．more quickly 38．relaxed 39．listening 40．careful
【导语】本文主要讲述了音乐对人们行为的影响。
31．句意：你在这些地方听过音乐吗？此处是一般疑问句，some变为any。故填any。
32．句意：科学家认为音乐会影响人们的行为方式。根据“believe”可知主语是复数，用
scientists，句子开头首字母大写。故填Scientists。
33．句意：据他们说，西方古典音乐（莫扎特和巴赫）的声音让人感觉富有多了。feel后
接形容词作表语，a lot后接形容词比较级，rich的比较级richer。故填richer。
34．句意：当餐厅播放古典音乐时，人们会在食物和饮料上花更多的钱。spent money on
sth.“在某物上花钱”。故填on。
35．句意：由于没有背景音乐，人们不想再花钱了。want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填to
spend。
36．句意：实际上，当音乐响起的时候，人们咀嚼食物的速度会更快。they“他们”，人称
代词主格，此处应用形容词性物主代词their，作定语修饰名词food。故填their。
37．句意：这让人们吃得更快，走得更快。此处用副词修饰动词leave，quick的副词形式
quickly，意为“快地”，结合“faster”可知用其比较级。故填more quickly。
38．句意：确实，人们在放松的时候学习得更好。are后接形容词作表语，they指人，此处
用relaxed表示“放松的”。故填relaxed。
39．句意：而且听音乐能帮助你放松。此处用动名词词组作主语，listen的动名词
listening。故填listening。
40．句意：下次你在某处听到音乐时，要小心。根据“It might change the way you behave.”
可知听音乐时要小心，be后接形容词careful作表语，意为“小心的”。故填careful。41．B 42．C 43．A 44．C 45．B 46．D 47．A 48．C 49．
B 50．A 51．C 52．B 53．D 54．A 55．D
【分析】本文是谈书。作者是个爱书的人。房子里永远都是书。书使作者的头脑年轻，心
温暖，灵魂明亮。他们带给作者知识、笑声和欢乐。书充满智慧和光明，阅读它们可以改
变你的一生。写你自己生活的书时要小心。用对自己、他人和世界的爱来填满它。用你所
学的一切智慧，你所行的善，你所分享的善，和你所传播的喜乐，填满它。
41．句意：所以我的房子里永远都是书。
考查名词辨析。A. papers纸；B. books书 ；C. lights灯；D. tapes磁带。根据上文I am a
book lover.（我是个爱书的人。）可知“所以我的房子里永远都是书。”故选B。
42．句意：我有新书，旧书，硬封面，平装本，故事书和非故事书。
考查名词辨析。A. music音乐；B. painting绘画；C. stories故事；D. radios收音机。根据下
文non-stories可知填stories；选C。
43．句意：我的壁橱里有三箱子书，卧室地板上有两箱子，还有一箱子等着我给未来的孙
子的儿童读物。
考查动词辨析。A. waiting等待，wait for：等待……；B. caring关心，care for：照顾，关心；
C. looking看，look for：寻找；D. working工作，work for为……工作。根据“我给未来
的孙子”可知选A。
44．句意：我还有更多的书，包括我在书桌上写的那两本。
考查动词辨析。A. holding抓，握，抱；B. leaving离开；C. including包括…在内，包含；
D. breaking弄坏，打破。根据上文“我还有更多的书”可知此句是“包括我在书桌上写的
那两本”；故选C。
45．句意：我尽可能多地捐给当地的图书馆，以防止这些书积攒起来，但一捐出几本，我
就发现自己又多买了几本。
考查动词搭配。短语keep sb. from doing sth.：阻止某人做某事；结合句意可知选B。
46．句意：我尽可能多地捐给当地的图书馆，以防止这些书积攒起来，但一捐出几本，我
就发现自己又多买了几本。
考查名词辨析。A. hospital医院；B. museum博物馆；C. company公司；D. library图书馆。
根据“以防止这些书积攒起来”可知把书捐给图书馆；故选D。
47．句意：我读的书使我的头脑年轻，我的心温暖，我的灵魂明亮。
考查形容词辨析。A. warm温暖的，暖和的；B. lost迷失，丢失的；C. funny有趣的；D.usual通常的，寻常的。根据句意可知选A。
48．句意：它们把我与过去的智慧和现在的新思想联系在一起。
考查名词辨析。A. problems 难题，问题；B. people人，人们；C. present目前，现在；礼
物；D. progress进步。根据the wisdom(智慧) of the past可知“现在的新思想”；故选C。
49．句意：有些有光鲜的封面，但里面没有好的内容。
考查连词辨析。A. and和，而且，表示顺承和并列关心；B. but但是，表示转折关系；C. so
因此，表示因果关系；D. however然而，表示转折关系，一般用逗号与后面隔开。根据句
意可知是转折关系，且没有逗号可知填but；选B。
50．句意：其他人看起来苍老而朴素，但却充满智慧和光明，阅读它们可以改变你的一生。
考查不定代词。A. Others其他的，代词，表示泛指；B. The other（两个中的）另一个，特
指；C. Other其他的，形容词，泛指；D. The others其他的，剩余的，代词，特指。本句在
句中做主语，可知填代词，结合语境可知表示泛指，故选A。
51．句意：其他人看起来苍老而朴素，但却充满智慧和光明，阅读它们可以改变你的一生。
考查动词辨析。A. waste浪费；B. record记录；C. change改变，变化；D. produce生产，
制造，出产。根据句意可知选C。
52．句意：然而，书和人之间的一个区别是，一本书有一个结尾，而我们内心的书写却永
远在继续。
考查动词短语。A. puts out扑灭，伸出，出版；B. goes on继续，进行，发生；C. tells by通
过……认知……；D. gives up放弃， 戒除。结合句意可知内心的书写不会停止，永远继续。
故选B。
53．句意：用你所学的一切智慧，你所行的善，你所分享的善，和你所传播的喜乐，来填
满它。
考查名词辨析。A. loneliness孤独，寂寞；B. business商业， 生意；C. darkness黑暗；D.
kindness仁慈，善良。结合句意可知前面提到的都是正面的名词。故选D。
54．句意：用你所学的一切智慧，你所行的善，你所分享的善，和你所传播的喜乐，来填
满它。
考查动词辨析。A. spread传播，散布；B. bought买，购买；C. affected影响；D. cost花费。
结合句意可知spread与joy构成动宾搭配。选A。
55．句意：做你想做的一切，然后对每个人开放。
考查不定代词。A. someday有一天，某日；B. nobody没人；C. everyday每天；D. everyone
每个人。写好书后，要给其他人看，故选D。【点睛】完形填空考查学生的综合能力。它集语法，细节理解，语境理解和短语词意辨析
考查于一体。做此题时，首先正确理解单词的含义，然后根据上下文猜测句意，根据句意，
固定短语，固定句型，语法与语境做出正确的选择。例如，第1小题，A. papers纸；B.
books书 ；C. lights灯；D. tapes磁带。根据上文I am a book lover.（我是个爱书的人。）
可知“所以我的房子里永远都是书。”故选B。
56．In some villages in the English countryside./In the English countryside. 57．Six./6.
58．No./No, they don’t. 59．Normal clothes with pieces of colorful paper./They wear normal
clothes with pieces of colorful paper. 60．To pass down the tradition./Because the
government wants to pass down the tradition.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们介绍英国传统舞蹈——莫里斯舞。
56．根据“If you visit some villages in the English countryside, you might be lucky to see
Morris dancing.”可知，如果你参观英国乡村的一些村庄，你可能会幸运地看到莫里斯舞。
故填In some villages in the English countryside./In the English countryside.
57．根据“Each dance has six men dancers in Cotswold style, with a musician who plays a
pipe(管乐器)or a violin.”可知，每支舞有六名男舞者。故填Six./6.
58．根据“Morris dancing styles from the north of England often use swords(剑) instead of
sticks and dancers can look a little like soldiers, which is different from southern styles.”可知，英
格兰北部的莫里斯舞蹈风格通常用剑而不是棍棒，舞者看起来有点像士兵，这与南方风格
不同，因此可推知南方舞者不使用剑。故填No./No, they don’t.
59．根据“Dancers in this style usually wear normal clothes with pieces of colorful paper, and
sometimes they put black paint on their faces.”可知，这种风格的舞者通常穿着带有彩色纸片
的普通衣服，有时还在脸上涂上黑色颜料。故填Normal clothes with pieces of colorful
paper./They wear normal clothes with pieces of colorful paper.
60．根据“To pass down the tradition, the government calls for more young people to do
something to change the situation.”可知，为了传承这一传统，政府呼吁更多的年轻人做些事
情来改变这种状况。故填To pass down the tradition./Because the government wants to pass
down the tradition.
