文档内容
第 02 讲 推理判断题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】逻辑推断题的考查
【题型二】观点态度题的考查
【题型三】文章出处题的考查
【题型四】目的意图题的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 逻辑推断题的考查
1.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
......
A Chinese state media said while the fan’s passion was understandable, it did not support his behavior,
adding that it would interrupt the game and end anger public safety.
Most people expressed their admiration for the fan’s courage because he did what they had wanted to do but
dared not to. At the same time, they also criticized Di for not obeying the game rules and bringing many security
risks to the event.
What do most people think of Di’s behavior?
A．They totally admired his courage.
B．They criticized him for attacking the guard.
C．They disapproved of his breaking the rules.
D．They wanted to follow suit and hugged their favorite stars.
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They disapproved of his breaking the rules. (同时，他们也批评了Di
不遵守比赛规则，给赛事带来了诸多安全隐患。)”可知，大多数人并不赞成他违反规定的做法。故选C
项。2.（2024·湖北高中名校大联考）......
What we do know is that the simple distraction of checking a phone or seeing a notification (通知) can have
negative consequences. This isn’t very surprising; we know that, in general, multitasking does harm to memory and
performance. One of the most dangerous examples is phone use while driving. One study found that merely
speaking on the phone, not texting, was enough to make drivers slower to react on the road. It’s true for everyday
tasks that are less high-risk, too. Simply hearing a notification “ding” made participants of another study perform
far worse on a task-almost as badly as participants who were speaking or texting on the phone during the task.
What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．Simple distraction results in car accidents.
B．Multitasking does no harm to intelligence.
C．A notification “ding” can disturb our work.
D．Answering a phone scarcely affects the driver.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Simply hearing a notification “ding” made participants of another
study perform far worse on a task-almost as badly as participants who were speaking or texting on the phone during
the task. (在另一项研究中，仅仅听到“叮”的提示声就会让参与者在任务中表现得更差——几乎和在任务
中打电话或发短信的参与者一样糟糕。)”可知，“叮”的声音可以扰乱我们的工作。故选C。
3.（2024·北京·三模）
......
Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present,
it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long,
offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never
be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon
international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most
skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to
change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
From the passage we can learn that war now is ______.
A．as bad as in the past B．worse than in the past
C．as necessary as in the past D．not so dangerous as in the past
【答案】52．B 54．B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Modem technology has changed this”（现代科技改变了这一点）以
及“For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical
weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但不久之后，
细菌或化学武器可能带来更大的威胁。）可推知，现在的战争比过去更糟糕。故选B。题型二 观点态度题的考查
1.（2024·湖北高中名校大联考）......
That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new
generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what
he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean.
......
What is the author’s attitude toward recitation?
A．Supportive. B．Objective.
C．Opposed. D．Unclear.
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready
to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s
shoes and pondering what he meant.”（背诵让学生体验到文本是一种活的东西，准备被新一代接受。记住一
首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。）可知，作者支持背诵。故选A。
2.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）......
Noah’s cancer is treatable if caught early. Bryan Shaw wondered whether there were signs he’d missed. He
went back over every baby picture of Noah he could find and discovered the first white spot in a photo taken when
Noah was 12 days old. As time went on, it appeared more frequently. “By the time he was four months old, it was
showing up in 25percent of the pictures taken of him per month,” Bryan recalled.
Which word can best describe Bryan’s feelings in paragraph 3?
A．Terrified. B．Regretful. C．Lonely. D．Exhausted.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Noah’s cancer is treatable if caught early. Bryan Shaw wondered whether
there were signs he’d missed.(诺亚的癌症如果发现得早是可以治愈的。布莱恩·肖想知道他是否错过了什么
迹象)”可知，布莱恩认为自己错过了早些时候的一些迹象，因此错过了治疗时机。由此，可推理出他很后
悔。故选B项。
3.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）......
Yet, as the animals’ return becomes increasingly widespread, the debate is shifting from whether to bring
them back to a question of how to manage them once they start appearing in waterways. The consequences of
bringing beavers back are not all positive, the most common one being the flooding they can cause, rather than
reduce. In addition, critics point to the high costs of beaver-felled trees and be aver reintroduction programs.“Who’s
going to pick up the cost, who’s going to do the repairs, who’s going to cover crop loss?”asks Richard Bramley, a
farmer from the York area.“There’s no plan.”What is Richard Bramley’s attitude toward be aver projects?
A．Critical. B．Appreciative. C．Neutral. D．Tolerant.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段““Who’s going to pick up the cost, who’s going to do the repairs, who’s
going to cover crop loss?”asks Richard Bramley, a farmer from the York area.“There’s no plan.”(“谁来承担成本，
谁来维修，谁来赔偿作物损失?”来自约克地区的农民理查德·布拉姆利(Richard Bramley)问道。“没有计
划。”)”可知，理查德·布拉姆利认为没有计划，所以对河狸项目持批评态度。故选A项。
4.（23-24高三·北京·期中）The Great Book Swap
......
If you like reading, just come and look through the collection of books. Each grade will have its own week to
bring in books. Right now, eighth grade is bringing in books. When every grade has brought in books, we will have
quite a selection. You will probably find at least one new book that you’d like to read. Who knows? Maybe you’ll
find a book so good that you won’t be able to put it down.
What are you waiting for? Go home and clean out your bookshelves and closets!
Which of the following words best describes Tony Hill?
A．Realistic. B．Convincing. C．Independent. D．Ambitious.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“What are you waiting for? Go home and clean out your bookshelves
and closets!(你还在等什么？回家把你的书架和壁橱清理干净！)”可知，Tony Hill来劝同学们捐赠书籍，因
此他是一个又说服力的人。故选B。
5.（23-24高三·北京·开学考试）
It is perhaps true to say therefore, that the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of
each candidate but to make a guess at the things that are hard to measure, such as personality, character and social
ability. Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants for jobs, there are many people of great ability who
simply do not interview well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to
be very unsatisfactory employees. Candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful
(自夸的) direct and straightforward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar;
and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be either very shy or over-
confident. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either over-polite or a bit rude.
What is the author’s attitude towards the interview?
A．He thinks it is a good way of selection. B．He doesn’t quite agree with it.
C．He is neither for nor against it. D．It is not clear.
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is perhaps true to say therefore, that the real purpose of an interview is
not to assess the assessable aspects of each candidate but to make a guess at the things that are hard to measure,
such as personality, character and social ability. Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants for jobs, thereare many people of great ability who simply do not interview well. (因此，也许这样说是对的，面试的真正目的
不是评估每个候选人可评估的方面，而是猜测那些难以衡量的方面，比如个性、性格和社交能力。不幸的
是，对于雇主和求职者来说，有很多有能力的人只是没有很好地面试。)”可推知，作者不太认可面试这种
做法，故选B。
6.（2024·北京八中·模拟预测）
......
“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems
feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because
these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other
animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative（推测的）for now,
she says.
What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment?
A．Appreciative B．Doubtful
C．Cautious D．Optimistic
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could
be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation”（干
旱压力下植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业的建议，如果在田间条件下设置录音成本不太高的话，这一建
议似乎是可行的。）和最后一段中的“She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses,
such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to
show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains
speculative（推测的）for now, she says.”（她警告说，研究结果还不能扩大到其他压力，如盐或温度，因为
这些可能不会导致声音。此外，她还说，目前还没有实验证明飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到并对植物发出的
声音做出反应，所以这个想法目前仍然是推测性的。），可推断出Anne Visscher对实验的发现抱有谨慎的
态度。故选C项。
题型三 文章出处题的考查
1.（2024·重庆八中·模拟预测）Greek Odyssey Reader Event
Join Gourmet editor Joann a Hunkin for an evening of Greek celebration at Kafeneion in Melbourne,
Australia.
Escape to the warm waters of the Mediterranean as we celebrate the new, permanent home of Kafeneion, a
Greek restaurant, on Spring Street with a shared feast of traditional Greek favorites, inspired by the owners’ own
family recipes.
Kafeneion was originally established as a pop-up on Bourke Street, but the co-owners quickly realized they
were onto a good thing. As word spread of the simple-yet-vibrant menu — which is built on dishes passed throughthe team’s families for generations — the race was on to find somewhere to continue the legacy (传承), which set
the restaurant apart from others.
Now, following a brief absence, Kafeneion is back, taking over The Supper Club for dinner service (with the
late-night favourite still in action from 11pm each night). And what better place to settle in for an evening of good
food and great conversation, as we celebrate the rich history of Greece and share stories of adventures old and new?
Join us as executive chef Fellipe Mezzavilla immerses us in the flavors of Greece and inspires new journeys to
come.
VENUE: Kafeneion, Level 1, 161 Spring St, Melbourne
DATE & TIME: 6:30 pm, Wednesday, 19 June 2024
PRICE: $140 per person, all-inclusive four courses with paired drinks throughout
BOOK NOW: Scan the QR code or visit greekodyssey. eventbrite. com.au
ENQUIRIES: Email rsupgt@aremedia.com.au
Where is the text mostly likely taken from?
A．A travel brochure. B．A cooking recipe.
C．A food magazine. D．A research paper.
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Join Gourmet editor Joann a Hunkin for an evening of
Greek celebration at Kafeneion in Melbourne, Australia.(和美食编辑Joann a Hunkin一起参加澳大利亚墨尔本
Kafeneion餐厅的希腊庆祝晚会)”、第二段中“Escape to the warm waters of the Mediterranean as we celebrate
the new, permanent home of Kafeneion, a Greek restaurant, on Spring Street with a shared feast of traditional
Greek favorites, inspired by the owners’ own family recipes.(逃离到地中海温暖的海水中，我们庆祝希腊餐厅
Kafeneion在春天街的新永久住所，分享传统的希腊美食，灵感来自老板自己的家庭食谱)”和第四段中
“And what better place to settle in for an evening of good food and great conversation, as we celebrate the rich
history of Greece and share stories of adventures old and new? Join us as executive chef Fellipe Mezzavilla
immerses us in the flavors of Greece and inspires new journeys to come.(还有什么地方比这里更适合享受美食和
畅谈的夜晚，同时庆祝希腊丰富的历史，分享新旧冒险故事呢?加入我们的行政总厨Fellipe Mezzavilla，让
我们沉浸在希腊的味道中，激发新的旅程)”可推知，文章推荐了墨尔本的Kafeneion餐厅举行的Greek
Odyssey Reader Event活动，旨在庆祝该希腊餐厅的新址开业，并分享传统的希腊美食。由此推知，这段文
字最可能出自一本美食杂志。故选C项。
2.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping? According to an email interview
by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population has at least
one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later parts of the
night.
There is no exact explanation for nightmares, but Breus says it’s possible that they help the brain practise,prepare for and even predict difficult or dangerous experiences in waking life. Of course, it’s possible that
nightmares, like dreams in general, don’t have a primary function — that they’re a by-product of other activities in
the body. But most sleep scientists think that dreams and nightmares exist for some purposes.
One study found the most common nightmare was falling, followed by dreams of being chased, feeling lost,
and feeling trapped. Then why do nightmares happen?
“Certain circumstances and characteristics make some people more likely to have nightmares than others,”
says sleep medicine specialist Dr. Barry Krakow. He thinks people who’ve been traumatized (使受精神创伤) are
certainly at a higher risk of nightmares Examples are offered of those who have suffered criminal attacks, or who
have been in life-threatening accidents. People with some degree of sensitivity in their biological make-up are also
more likely to have bad dreams, so they’re more common in people who suffer from anxiety or depression, or who
use excess drugs or alcohol. The traditional belief often has it that nightmares are the result of eating too much rich
food before bedtime, but it is still uncertain whether this is true. One study from 2015 did find a link between eating
dairy or hot foods before bedtime and having disturbing dreams, but the study authors noted that this couldn’t be
proven definitely because the data was self-reported and there were a lot of other factors to consider.
However, research in recent decades has shown that people who suffer from sleep disorders are also more
likely to have nightmares.
From which section of a website is the text probably taken?
A．Mental health.
B．Life experiences.
C．Eating habits.
D．Popular culture.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you have frightening dreams while sleeping? According to an email
interview by clinical psychologist and sleep expert Dr. Michael Breus, roughly 5 percent of the general population
has at least one bad dream per week. Nightmares typically happen during REM sleep, during the middle and later
parts of the night.(你睡觉时会做可怕的梦吗？根据临床心理学家和睡眠专家Michael Breus博士的电子邮件
采访，大约5%的人每周至少做一次噩梦。噩梦通常发生在快速眼动睡眠期间，在夜间的中段和后期。)”可
知文章主要讲的是科学家对于做噩梦原因的分析以及一些导致做噩梦的因素，由此可推知，文章可能选自
网站的心理健康部分。故选A。
3.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Twenty-four trains, nine countries, 13, 500 miles. They are the numbers behind
the heroic round trip one man took from Southampton in the UK to eastern China.
Roger Tyers, 37, used over $2, 500, which was almost twice more than the cost of a return flight, to travel to
the Chinese port city Ningbo for academic research in May, 2019. The man spent a month on board 15 trains during
the first leg of his round trip. It was the climate crisis, not a love of trains, that drove the sociologist to choose this
complicated route over a return flight. He stopped flying when UN climate experts warned that the world had less
than 11 years to avoid terrible levels of global warming. Tyers calculated that his train journey to China produced
almost 90% less emissions than a return flight.Tyers is not the only person to avoid air travel in response to climate change. Thousands of people
worldwide have publicly promised to stop flying. Activist Maja Rosen launched the “Flight Free” campaign in
Sweden with the goal of encouraging 100,000 people not to fly for one year. Although only around 14,000 people
signed the online “#flightfree2019” pledge (保证), Rosen, who stopped flying 12 years ago, says that the campaign
had made more people worry about the climate crisis and aware of harm of travel by air and motivated them to try
new ways of travelling.
According to a survey released in May 2019 by Swedish Railways (SJ), 37% of respondents chose to travel
by train instead of by plane where possible, compared to 20% at the start of 2018. An SJ spokesperson said: “Rail
travel has been augmented due to the worries.” Domestic passenger numbers in July fell by 12% compared to the
previous year, according to Swedavia, a company which operates Sweden’s 10 busiest Airports.
“The collective pledge helps fight the sense of hopelessness many people feel when it comes to tackling
climate change”, Rosen said. “One of the problems is that people feel there’s no point in what you do as an
individual. The campaign is about making people aware that if we do this together, we can actually bring changes.”
In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Travel.
B．Environment.
C．Education.
D．Lifestyle.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段中“It was the climate crisis, not a love of trains, that drove the
sociologist to choose this complicated route over a return flight.(是气候危机，而不是对火车的热爱，驱使这位
社会学家选择了这条复杂的路线，而不是回程航班)”以及第三段中“Tyers is not the only person to avoid air
travel in response to climate change. Thousands of people worldwide have publicly promised to stop flying.
Activist Maja Rosen launched the “Flight Free” campaign in Sweden with the goal of encouraging 100,000people
not to fly for one year.(泰尔斯并不是唯一一个为了应对气候变化而避免乘坐飞机的人。全球数千人公开承诺
不再乘坐飞机。活动人士玛雅·罗森在瑞典发起了“无飞行”运动，目标是鼓励10万人一年不坐飞机)”可
知，文章报道了英国社会学家罗杰·泰尔斯为应对环境问题，选择放弃乘坐飞机，乘坐火车往返中国进行学
术研究，他的行为激励了更多人关注气候变化，尝试新的旅行方式。本文报道的内容与环境保护有关，所
以最有可能出自报纸的“环境”版块。故选B。
4.（2024高三·全国·模拟）CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION
We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and
warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide
evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s
Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear
was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead
body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate
change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This
alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology.
Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often
mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural”
greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that
heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released
back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon
dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not
sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce
huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and
causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme
weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate
scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and
there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and
heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.
In which part of a newspaper or magazine may we find this passage?
A．Entertainment. B．Economy.
C．Education. D．Environment.
【答案】．D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface
temperature?(那么是什么导致了全球平均地表温度的上升呢？)”及全文内容可推知，本文说明了气候变化带
来的后果，为环境类科普说明文，来自报纸或者杂志的“环境”板块。故选D。
题型四 目的意图题的考查
1.（2024·江苏盐城中学·模拟预测）When looking for some vacation ideas to spread out and get some time andspace to yourself, check out these great resorts (度假胜地) options.
Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana
Located in Punta Cana, this family-friendly vacation at an all-inclusive resort offers something for everyone
in your party. Parents can enjoy relaxing by one of the resort’s swim-up bars in an infinity pool or head out for
some deep-sea fishing. Kids, meanwhile, can head over to the kids’ club for a number of activities. Plus, all of the
drinks and food across the 14 restaurants and bars is included.
Beaches Turks & Caicos
This resort has become the Caribbean’s popular go-to when it comes to all-inclusive family vacations that
provide great value since there’s so much to do for guests of all ages. There’s a 45,000-square-foot water park, 24
restaurants, unlimited PADI-certified scuba diving and water sports, a 12-mile beach, a spa, 10 pools—whew!
The Alisal Guest Ranch
If you live in the city and want to get back to nature, this luxury farm over nearly 11,000 acres in California’s
Santa Ynez Valley is a perfect fit for a family. All that wide-open space means activities like horseback riding,
scenic cycling, hiking, fishing, kayaking and, for the body-and-spirit-minded traveler in your group, yoga.
Montage Palmetto Bluff
The 20,000-acre community includes a nature preserve with walking trails, but the real stars of the show here
are the over 300 species of birds. The resort’s resident naturalist takes families on walks to Bird Island, sharing a
history of the area. Plus, kids will love the kayak tours that get up close to the dolphins that live there year-round.
What is the purpose of the text?
A．To organize some family parties. B．To highlight some tourist resorts.
C．To introduce some nature reserves. D．To stimulate some domestic needs.
【答案】B
【解析】考查写作意图题。根据第一段的“When looking for some vacation ideas to spread out and get some
time and space to yourself, check out these great resorts options.(当你想要寻找一些度假的想法，让自己有时间
和空间的时候，看看这些很棒的度假胜地。)”可知，文章的目的是宣传一些旅游胜地。故选B。
2.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）......
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like
tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it
was a “hazel glove” mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t
come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman
says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained
eye.
A few years ago, Taylor Lockwood realized that still photos weren’t sufficient, so he chose to create time-
lapse (延时拍摄的) videos of mushrooms. “When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around the
mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art is
evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his work,
he identifies himself as an artist at heart.Why did Lockwood decide to make time-lapse videos of mushrooms?
A．To improve his photography techniques.
B．To capture dynamic life in an artistic way.
C．To collect biological data for deeper research.
D．To use a new approach to scientific studies.
【答案】B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““When I do time-lapse, I see so much life happening around
the mushrooms—insects, worms and other small creatures interacting with them,” he says. Lockwood’s love for art
is evident in his approach to filming mushrooms over time. Although he appreciates the scientific aspect of his
work, he identifies himself as an artist at heart. (“当我进行延时摄影时，我看到蘑菇周围发生了很多生命——
昆虫、蠕虫和其他小生物与它们互动，”他说。洛克伍德对艺术的热爱体现在他随着时间的推移拍摄蘑菇
的方法上。尽管他欣赏自己作品的科学方面，但他将自己视为内心的艺术家。)”可推知，Taylor决定拍摄
蘑菇的延时视频是为了以艺术的方式捕捉动态生活，故选B项。
3. （2024·江苏海安高级中学·模拟）
......
Don’t mistake all moments as equal insignificance. There’s a reason why yoga classes end with savasana (挺
卧式). There’s a reason we eat dessert last. Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete Carroll
might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting.
Why is Pete Carroll mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To show the importance of doing sports.
B．To explain why last impressions are lasting.
C．To prove the peak-end rule can be used in sports.
D．To encourage readers to value the last moments of an experience.
【答案】 D
【导语】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Do organize endings carefully. As Seattle Seahawks coach Pete
Carroll might say: Finish strong. Last impressions are especially lasting.(一定要仔细安排结局。正如西雅图海鹰
队教练皮特·卡罗尔可能会说的那样：强势完成比赛。最后的印象尤其持久。)”可知，作者在最后建议读者
要仔细安排结尾，并引用皮特·卡罗尔的话“强势完成比赛”来说明最后的印象会非常持久，强调结尾的重
要性，由此可推测出，作者提到皮特·卡罗尔是为了鼓励读者重视一段经历的最后时刻。故选D。
4.（2024·湖北高中名校大联考）......
It isn’t just the use of a phone that has consequences-its mere presence can affect the way we think.
In one recent study, for example, researchers asked participants to either put their phones next to them so
they were visible (like on a desk), nearby and out of sight (like in a bag or pocket), or in another room. They were
found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby-whether visible, powered on
or not.Why is an experiment conducted in the last paragraph?
A．To clarify multitasking does harm to memory and performance.
B．To draw a conclusion that we shouldn’t use phones much.
C．To prove that it’s dangerous to check phone s while driving.
D．To demonstrate the presence of a phone impacts our thinking.
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“It isn’t just the use of a phone that has consequences-its mere
presence can affect the way we think. (不仅仅是使用手机会产生影响，它的存在也会影响我们的思维方式。)”
以及文章最后一段“In one recent study, for example, researchers asked participants to either put their phones
next to them so they were visible(like on a desk), nearby and out of sight(like in a bag or pocket), or in another
room. They were found to perform far better when their phones were in another room instead of nearby-whether
visible, powered on or not. (例如，在最近的一项研究中，研究人员要求参与者要么把手机放在身边，这样就
能看到手机(比如在桌子上)，要么放在附近，但看不见手机(比如在包里或口袋里)，要么放在另一个房间。
研究发现，当他们的手机放在另一个房间而不是附近时，他们的表现要好得多——无论是否可见，是否通
电。)”可知，这个实验是为了论证只是手机的存在就会影响我们的思维。故选D。
5.（2024·河南、山西大联考）Can happiness be obtained — by learning about it in school? The University of
Bristol’s Science of Happiness course, which launched in 2018, is helping answer that question. Not your typical
college class, the innovative course features absolutely no tests or work. Instead it focuses on teaching students
what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy. Now, the research team behind that class
has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy.
Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific
studies focusing on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being. During this latest project, they took
things a step further. Their work shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived —
unless individuals practice what’s been taught during the course for ages.
“It’s like going to the gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever. Just as with physical health,
we have to continuously work on our mental health, otherwise the improvements are temporary,” explains senior
study author Professor Bruce Hood. Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent
improvement in well-being. However, only those who continued practicing what they learned during the course
reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again two years later. This project is the first ever to
track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended.
“To gain more information about happiness, we’ll continue studying. What we teach is related to positive
psychology interventions (干预) that take your attention away from yourself, by helping others, being with friends,
or thankfulness,” Prof. Hood said. “This is the opposite of the current principle, but countless studies have shown
that getting out of our own heads helps get us away from negative thinking.”
Prof. Hood recently turned the course into a new book, released earlier this month. The Science of
Happiness: Seven Lessons for Living Well details an evidence-informed roadmap to better well-being.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To assess a new way to study happiness.B．To show a new study result on happiness.
C．To comment on a book about happiness.D．To stress the need of gaining happiness.
【答案】 B
【导语】推理判断题。通读全文和第一段的“Now, the research team behind that class has released a new study
reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy.( 现在,这个班级背后的研究团队发布了一份新的研究报
告,报告说,学习如何快乐是有可能的。)”可知，本文主要介绍了幸福科学课程背后的研究团队对幸福快乐进
行研究所得到的成果：我们可以学会快乐，同时，我们要持续实践课程所教的方法，比如帮助他人，感恩
他人等，这种快乐才能长久。因此推断作者的写作目的是展示一项关于幸福的新研究结果。故选B。
6.（2024·河南郑州·二模）
Even though the Arctic is a popular tourist destination, don't forget that people live here too. “It is
recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are respectful of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture,” said
Rosa. “Too many people can disturb the small villages. Finding tour groups that work with local communities is
important.”
What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Tour groups are not welcome among Arctic residents.
B．The Arctic's population has been rising in recent years.
C．Visitors should choose suitable tour groups when visiting.
D．Tour groups should get permission from local communities.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“It is recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are
respectful of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture(建议游客选择尊重北极居民及其文化的旅游团)”和最后一
句“Finding tour groups that work with local communities is important. (找到与当地社区合作的旅游团很重要)”
可知，游客应选择合适的旅行团。故选C。
7.（2024·云南六盘水·二模）Over the past two weeks, I've lost my passport, barked at a neighbor and published a
picture of myself wearing a kid's superhero costume. Forgetfulness, anger and poor decision-making are all signs of
sleep shortage.
And I'm not alone.
“I average around six hours a night,” admits Paul, who's lived in Shanghai for three years. “But how much of
that is deep sleep, I don't know.”
......
Why does the author mention his own experiences in Paragraph 1?
A．To draw attention to his situation. B．To complain about lacking sleep.
C．To introduce the topic of the text. D．To raise a question about deep sleep.
【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Over the past two weeks, I've lost my passport, barked at a neighbor and
published a picture of myself wearing a kid's superhero costume. Forgetfulness, anger and poor decision-making
are all signs of sleep shortage.(在过去的两周里，我丢了护照，对邻居大喊大叫，还发布了一张自己穿着儿童
超级英雄服装的照片。健忘、愤怒和糟糕的决策都是睡眠不足的迹象)”以及第二段“And I'm not alone. (我
不是一个人)”结合后文提到了其他人也有睡眠不足的问题，以及睡眠不足的危害等，可推知，作者在第一
段中提到了他自己的经历是为了引入文章主题。故选C。
8.（2024·福建福州·三模）......
Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The
survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered
examples of how to give old buildings new life.
What does the author intend to do in Para. 6?
A．Provide strong evidence. B．Introduce different opinions.
C．Summarize previous paragraphs. D．Add some background information.
【答案】 A
【解析】目的意图题。根据第六段第二句The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century
“shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.（幸存下来
的一些20世纪30年代的建筑和19世纪的“石库门”(或“石门”)房屋为如何赋予旧建筑新的生命提供了
范例。）可知，第六段中作者提供证据证明在遗产保护方面，上海可以说是中国最先进的城市。故选A。
9.（2024·广东·模拟预测）
However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme.
Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills.
Virginia Berninger, professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of
handwriting. But she is not a purist; she says there are research tested benefits for “manuscript” print-style writing
but also for typing.
Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember,
much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for the benefit of future generations.
Why does the writer mention Socrates and Plato in the last paragraph?
A．To thank Plato for his efforts.
B．To defend Socrates’ point of view.
C．To show people’s indifference to typing.
D．To confirm the importance of handwriting.
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of
writing. But no one would remember, much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for the benefit offuture generations. (苏格拉底可能说到了写作的缺点，也可能没说到。但是，如果他的学生柏拉图没有为了
后代的利益而把它记录下来，没有人会记得，更不用说关心了。)”可知，作者提及苏格拉底式为了进一步
说明书写的重要性。故选D。
10.（2024·山东潍坊·模拟预测）
The interaction of human psychology and algorithm amplification leads to disfunction because social
learning supports cooperation and problem-solving, but social media algorithms are designed to increase
engagement. We call it functional mismatch. One of the key outcomes of functional mismatch is that people start to
form incorrect perceptions of their social world, which often occurs in the field of politics. Recent research suggests
that when algorithms selectively amplify more extreme political views, people begin to think that their political in-
group and out-group are more sharply divided than they really are. Such “false polarization” might be an important
source of greater political conflict.
Why does the author refer to “false polarization” in paragraph 4?
A．To make an assumption. B．To illustrate a conclusion.
C．To explain a political issue. D．To present an extreme case.
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“One of the key outcomes of functional mismatch is that people start to form
incorrect perceptions of their social world, which often occurs in the field of politics. Recent research suggests that
when algorithms selectively amplify more extreme political views, people begin to think that their political in-
group and out-group are more sharply divided than they really are. Such “false polarization” might be an important
source of greater political conflict.(功能不匹配的一个关键结果是人们开始对他们的社会世界形成错误的认
知，这种情况经常发生在政治领域。最近的研究表明，当算法有选择地放大更极端的政治观点时，人们开
始认为他们的政治内部群体和外部群体的分歧比实际情况更严重。这种“虚假两极分化”可能是更大政治
冲突的一个重要来源)”可推知，作者在第4段提到“虚假极化”是为了说明结论。故选B。
11.（2024·北京师大附中·模拟）
Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. “We’ve evolved to
respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world,” Dr. Steel adds. “We are not set up to
appreciate long-term rewards, whether it’s the benefit of a four-year degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually
feel the cost now and the reward comes much later.” According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems.
They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future.
We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for
the limbic system.
Why does Dr. Steel recommend making “pre-commitments” in Paragraph 4?
A．They are an alternative to impossible goals.
B．They make challenges feel more manageable.
C．They are an effective way of impressing others.
D．They allow people to achieve their aims sooner.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete
with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or “pre-commitments”, adding that leaving you a
month before the “deadline” makes it more likely a task will be completed.可知，pre-commitments就是把一些似
乎无尽的任务转换成一些可以量化进步的具体事务，在截止日期前给自己一个月的时间让任务完成得可能
性更高，故可知，pre-commitments会让自己的要做的事情更可控，故选B。
题型 阅读理解
A
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）A Bridge Linking Art and the Audience
According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up about 15 percent of the population but
only 10 percent of museum-goers. Similarly, people aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their
population size. We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the audience but
haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater
diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more accessible ways.
In 2018, a radio program called Art Matters was started with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture
viewpoint with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audience. It offers an accessible pathway to art
history with conversations on different topics. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an
effort to bring audience along for the discussion.
More traditional institutions are paying attention. Recently the Getty Museum issued a social-media
challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity, and
the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to
engage with art topics if the format is appealing. Since many people feel intimidated and think that there’s a base
level of understanding required to join the conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are
many pathways to engaging with it.
Another result of the Getty challenge was the exposure given to a diversity of artworks. The famous opera
singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of attractive recreations highlighting centuries of black
paintings. His efforts opposed the idea that there were not many historical paintings of black figures. It is extremely
important that we do a better job of showing the complex and diverse stories that are represented in art.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone
can recognise a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have gathered tens of thousands of followers. They are the
proof that there is hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.But there is only so much that can be done without the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from
within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much
wider diversity of people and interests represented on board. Ensuring that art-and writing and talking about art-is
able to continue on the rising generation of storytellers, inside and outside of institutions, getting the funding and
support they need to paint a brighter picture for the part.
1．What challenge is the author trying to tackle?
A．People doubt a great diversity of artworks.
B．Fewer and fewer young people go to museums.
C．Art appears too distant from common audience.
D．Adult audience has a different understanding of art.
2．What does the underlined word “intimidated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Tired. B．Worried. C．Annoyed. D．Surprised.
3．In the author’s opinion, the museums and galleries should ________.
A．make the art history stories accessible in a traditional way.
B．change meaningfully for activities like the Getty challenge.
C．limit the number of storytellers both in and out of institutions.
D．improve the permanent collections by adding famous artworks.
4．We can conclude from the passage that common audience ________.
A．lacks the channels to understand and talk about art history.
B．prefers to view artworks and hear art stories on social media.
C．feels satisfied with people and interests represented on board.
D．refuses to engage with diverse art topics and art history stories.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但缺乏理解和谈
论艺术的渠道，我们需要连接艺术和观众的桥梁。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the
audience but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.(我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有
决定如何消除这一差距)”可知，作者努力解决的挑战是艺术似乎离普通观众太遥远了。故选C项。
2．词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“…think that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the
conversation, the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.”可知，由
于很多人认为参与对话需要基本水平的理解力，Getty博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中，
由此可推知，很多人感觉担心，参与艺术对话需要基本水平的理解能力，划线词“intimidated”意为“担心
的”。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This reaction proves that there is a potential desire for the audience to engage
with art topics if the format is appealing.”可知，Getty博物馆的再创作活动证明，如果艺术形式具有吸引力，
观众就有潜在的兴趣参与艺术主题；结合最后一段首句“But there is only so much that can be done without
the museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within.”可知，但如果博物馆和画廊不从内部进行有意义的改变，我们能做的就只有这么多了。由此可推知，在作者看来，博物馆和画廊应该作出有意义的改变，
举办像Getty博物馆那样的再创作活动，才能吸引观众。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。第一段中“We have reached the point of recognising the disconnection between art and the
audience”提到“我们已经意识到艺术和观众之间的脱节”；根据第二段中“It offers an accessible pathway to
art history with conversations on different topics.(它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，可以就不同的话题进行对
话)”及第三段中“the Getty initiative serves as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.(Getty
博物馆的倡议提醒我们，可以有许多途径来参与其中)”可知，普通观众缺乏理解和谈论艺术史的渠道。故
选A项。
B
（23-24 高三·上海·阶段练习）The last few months had brought to my attention an important
incompatibility between us — one that I’d never noticed before. Despite being a pair of lifelong travelers, Felipe
and I seldom travel in a similar way. The reality about Felipe is that he’s both the best traveler I’ve ever met and by
far the worst. He hates strange bathrooms and dirty restaurants and uncomfortable trains and foreign beds. Given a
choice, he will always select a lifestyle of routine, familiarity, and reassuringly boring everyday practices. All of
which might make you assume that the man is not fit to be a traveler at all. But you would be wrong to assume that,
for here is Felipe’s traveling gift, his superpower, the secret weapon that makes him peerless. He can create a
familiar habitat of boring everyday practices for himself anyplace, if you just let him stay in one spot. He can
assimilate absolutely anywhere on the planet in about three days, and then he’s capable of staying put in that place
for the next decade or so without complaint. This is why Felipe has been able to live all over the world. Not merely
travel, but live. Over the year he has folded himself into societies from South America to Europe, from the Middle
East to the South Pacific. He arrives somewhere totally new, decides he likes the place, moves right in, learns the
language, and instantly becomes a local.
While Felipe can find a corner anywhere in the world and settle down for good, I can’t. I am infinitely
curious and almost infinitely patient with minor disasters, which makes me a far better day-to-day traveler than he
will ever be. So I can go anywhere on the planet—that’s not a problem. The problem is I just can’t live anywhere
on the planet. I’d realized this only a few weeks earlier, back in northern Laos, when Felipe had woken up one
lovely morning in Luang Prabang and said, “Darling, let’s stay here.”
5．According to the writer, what is Felipe’s traveling gift?
A．He can speak dozens of languages.
B．He can make himself at home anywhere.
C．He can decide at first sight if he likes the place.
D．He can find interesting activities in boring places.
6．According to the writer, why is she a better traveler than Felipe?
A．She is much more restless than he is.
B．She can travel for a longer time than he can.
C．She is more curious about local life than he is.
D．She can live better in poor places than he can.【答案】5．B 6．A
【解析】
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“ He can create a familiar habitat of boring everyday practices for himself
anyplace, if you just let him stay in one spot. He can assimilate absolutely anywhere on the planet in about three
days, and then he’s capable of staying put in that place for the next decade or so without complaint. This is why
Felipe has been able to live all over the world. Not merely travel, but live. (如果你让他呆在一个地方，他可以在
任何地方为自己创造一个熟悉的无聊的日常练习的栖息地。他可以在三天内完全融入地球上的任何地方，
然后他能够在那个地方呆上十年左右而毫无怨言。这就是Felipe能在世界各地生活的原因。不仅要旅行，
还要生活。)”以及本段中“ He arrives somewhere totally new, decides he likes the place, moves right in, learns
the language, and instantly becomes a local.(他到了一个全新的地方，觉得自己喜欢这个地方，就搬了进去，
学会了语言，很快就成了当地人。)”可知，Felipe的旅行天赋是无论在地球上的任何地方，他都能在三天
内适应，并在那里长期居住，没有抱怨，这表明他能让自己在任何地方感到像在家一样。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I am infinitely curious and almost infinitely patient with minor disasters, which
makes me a far better day-to-day traveler than he will ever be. So I can go anywhere on the planet—that’s not a
problem. (我对任何事情都充满了无限的好奇心，并且对于小灾难几乎有着无限的耐心，这让我成为了一个
比他更好的日常旅行者。所以我可以去地球上的任何地方——这没有问题。)”可知，作者对任何事情都充
满了无限的好奇心，并且对于小灾难几乎有着无限的耐心，这让其成为了一个比Felipe更好的日常旅行者
即作者比Felipe更加的不安于现状，希望探求的更多。故选A。
1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
......
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing
hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,
which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these
technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have
demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view
identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in
print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t
assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【解析】
29.推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a
theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a
mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are
reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根
据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相
比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心
态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when
providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are
called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、
音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反
思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可
知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者
不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然
不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
2.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）
......
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image.”
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of
oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the
quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the
identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还
可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提
供指导。故选D。
3.（2024年全国甲卷阅读理解A篇）
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We
invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the
creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The
festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums
Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming
exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
......
What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of
the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making' activities.(我们期待着您的到
来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题
“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:
无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”
可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。
4.（2024年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇）
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled
to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,
including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors
to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
......
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very
impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and
very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
1.What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
2. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.【答案】1.D 2.A
【解析】1.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of
modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the
poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding
financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄
罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河
以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔
斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
2.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living
in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for
many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然
保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最
好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
5.（2024年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇）
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I
was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George
Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond
whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters
and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally
positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending
they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I
wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t
guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.
Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You
have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits
what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for
whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try
to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see
what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be—that’s up to you and the story you’re telling—bu it
might provide what you need to get there.
12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.13. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected of a good ending?
.
A It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.
15. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐
述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志
如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior
year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The
Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked
me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那
是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的
磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格
雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way
again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted
an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen,
historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样
的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到
的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，
见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much
weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from
nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局——那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对
读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色
的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to
write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down
six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters
of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什
么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇
小说，彼得·蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白·西姆斯分析
了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，
作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊丽莎白·西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好
的结尾。故选B项。
6.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解C篇）
......
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half
of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage
cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our
environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行
车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表
示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
7.（2023年新高考I卷C篇）
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words foryour particular circumstances.
31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。通过“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a
minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮
助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第
二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
8.（2023年新高考I卷D篇）
,
In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow,
these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous.
14. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to
get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most
confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? ( 在一项针对100名大
学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对
自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试
图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论
过程。故选C。
9.(2023年新高考II卷B篇)
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
26. Wh0548ich of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some studentsget so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in
the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional
control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营
养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo
的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得
成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有
情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
10.（2023年全国乙卷B篇）
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the
route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their emipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【答案】25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【25题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they
could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这
些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更
好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing
the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔
鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。
【27题详解】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they
could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这
些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更
好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
11.（2023年全国甲卷）
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or
walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites,
grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm
animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place
where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who m
25．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
anages bears in and around Missoula.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,
sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants
from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around
chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to
have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel,
longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻
烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移
走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们
希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期
管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预
防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
