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三年（2020-2022）年高考真题分项汇编
专题04 动词和动词短语
2022 年高考真题
1.（2022.6 新高考1 卷 完形填空）
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in
the mountains, and this one quickly ___48___ our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up
B. calmed down
C. checked out
D. headed off
48. A. arranged
B. interrupted
C. completed
D. recorded
答案：D、B
解析：
【47 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的
晨间旅行。A. signed up 注册、报名；B. calmed down 冷静下来；C. checked out 退房、结账离开；D. headed
off 启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，
此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。
【48 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的
晨间旅行。A. arranged 安排；B. interrupted 中断；C. completed 完成；D. recorded 记录。根据上文“storms
move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风
暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。
2.（2022.6 全国甲卷 完形填空）
When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.
43. A. feared
B. doubted
C. hoped
D. learned
答案：D
解析：
【43 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly 的狗和一只名叫Flora
的猫。A. feared 恐惧；B. doubted 怀疑；C. hoped 希望；D. learned 得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve
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(当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一
只狗和一只猫。故选D 项。
3.（2022.6 全国乙卷 完形填空）
They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.
58. A. hold back
B. relate to
C. insist on
D. make up
答案：C
解析：
【58 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back 阻止；B. relate to 有关联；C. insist
on 坚持；D. make up 弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现
了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C 项。
4.（2022 年1 月浙江卷）
"I was simply 37
a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.
37.A.getting over B.going through C.holding on D.passing down
答案：B
解析：根据上文 Burdeyney 女士患了眼疾，主要症状为眼部干涩不适可知，她在经历（going through）
一种糟糕的体验。
5.（2022.6 新高考2 卷 完形填空）
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that
are sometimes difficult to ___28___ .
27. A. plan
B. explain
C. compare
D. complete
28. A. buy
B. transport
C. choose
D. please
答案：A D
解析：
【27 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的
日子。A. plan 计划；B. explain 解释；C. compare 比较；D. complete 完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅
行，应用plan。故选A。
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【28 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的
日子。A. buy 购买；B. transport 运输；C. choose 选择；D. please 取悦。根据上文“the pets that are
sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。
2021 年高考真题
1.（2021.3 天津卷 单选）Henry David Thoreau was happy to from social life, seeking a harmonious
relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A. judge B. differ C. withdraw D. benefit
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：梭罗乐于退出社会生活，在宁静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A.judge
判断；B.differ 不同于；C.withdraw 撤退、（使）退出；D.benefit 对……有用。根据句意可知，本空应填
withdraw。故选：C。
2.（2021.6 浙江卷 完形填空）
At this store, people 8 and then go off to the side to bag their own groceries. My mother was putting her
groceries into shopping bags when a stranger
came up her and said.
8.A.show up B.call in C.check out D.sit down
【答案】选C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A. show up 出现，露面；B. call in 召来，拜访；C. check out 结账离开；D. sit
down 坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账"，故选C。
3.（2021.6 全国甲卷 完形填空）
They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to 13
at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere.
13.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in
【答案】选B
【解析】考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒 B. get out 出去
C. take off 脱下；起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。
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4.（2021.6 新高考1 卷 完形填空）
11
a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-
pressure than I'd expected.
11.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on
【答案】选B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：稍微慢一点，蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知，这里指的是如果做工
时手脚不够快，蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
5.（2021.3 天津卷 完形填空）
With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website.
A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from
【答案】选A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法，Pruitt 想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。
A. come up with 提出；B. stick to 坚持；C. give up 放弃；D. break away from 突然逃跑。根据后文 "a plan
and posted it on the community website" 指想出了一个计划，come up with 符合语境。故选A。
2020 年高考真题
1.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify
B. justify
C. satisfy
D. classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A.
clarify 澄清；B. justify 证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify 分类。根据空后garbage 可知，此处指“对垃圾进
行分类”。故选D。
2. The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, ______ a new generation of virtual reality.
A. allowing for
B. accounting for
C. calling for
D. compensating for
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:6G 的速度将超过125 GB/s，使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。A.
allowing for 使……成为可能，促进……的发生；B. accounting for 解释；C. calling for 需要，要求；呼吁；
D. compensating for 补偿。根据空前The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s 可知，125 GB/s 的6G 速度将使得
新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。故选A。
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3．（2020·天津卷单项填空）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to
B．played a joke on
C．kept an eye on
D．made an apology to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a
toast to 为……干杯；B. played a joke on 开……的玩笑；C. kept an eye on 照看，留意，密切注视；D. made
an apology to 向……道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。C 选项符合
语境，故选C。
4．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like
walking.
A．understood
B．accepted
C．compromised
D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon 回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood
理解；B. accepted 接受；C. compromised 妥协；D. declined 谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可
知，Sharon 想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
5．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t
work.
A．take up
B．carry out C．keep on
D．put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A.
take up 占据；B. carry out 实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off 推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，
我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故
选D。
6．（2020·天津卷单项填空）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like
walking.
A．understood
B．accepted
C．compromised
D．declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon 回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood
理解；B. accepted 接受；C. compromised 妥协；D. declined 谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可
知，Sharon 想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
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2019 年高考真题
1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man's intelligence
and creativity.
A. resembling
B. reflecting
C. reviewing
D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling
像；reflecting 反映；reviewing 回顾；restoring 恢复，根据题意，故选B。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】9.Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what
he was saying.
A. set aside
B. take back
C. make out
D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set
aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避
开”。故选C。
3. （2019·北京卷·完形填空）He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you
ride with him, he'll ___21___ those things.
A. act on
B. settle on
C. check on
D. agree on
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在坐车的时候，Wilson 会问这些学生问题，然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候，
Wilson 会检查（check on）上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间，Wilson 会利用这个机会了解考
查学生们的学习情况。故C 选项正确。
2018 年高考真题
1.【2018·天津】8. It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire
C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。
A display 显示；B. acquire 获得；C. teach 教；D. test 测试。故选B。
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点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含
义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。
2.【2018·天津】3. At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was
so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，
因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in 屈服，让步；B. dressed up 打扮；C. broke in 闯入；打断；
D. turned up 出现。根据转折词but 及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选
A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难
选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
3.【2018·江苏】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______ a clear
road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的
系统工程。A. calls for 需要；B. calls on 号召；C. calls off 取消；D. calls up 使想起。故选A。
点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程
中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。
4.【2018·江苏】22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see.
A. indicate B. investigate
C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见
的事情。A. indicate 指示；B. investigate 调查；C. imitate 模仿；D. innovate 改革。故选C。
点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含
义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动词和动词短语的识
记与掌握。
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2017 年高考真题
1. 【2017·天津卷】5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _____, get married, and have kids.
A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.
起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。
考点：考查动词短语。
【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的记忆，包括动词本身的含义、一词多义以及词组的
搭配，做题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系再进行判断。学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
2.【2017·江苏卷】30. A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _______ your year
ahead.
A. shape
B. switch
C. stretch
D. sharpen
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的辨析。A. shape 塑造，决定……的形成，影响……的发展；B. switch 转变，交换，
调班；C. stretch 拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen 提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速
回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
考点：考查动词的辨析
3.【2017· 江苏】25.Working with the medical team in Africa has _______ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out
B. brought out
C. picked out
D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。held out 坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out 使显现，阐明，出版；
C.picked out 使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out 用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句
意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。
考点：考查动词短语辨析
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