专题02阅读理解（说明文）（四川专用）（教师版）(1)_英语(2)_专项复习_2027年高考英语专项更新中_2026年高考英语一模试题分类汇编（四川专用）-G175_2026版

专题 02 阅读理解（说明文）
主题01 人与社会——社会问题
Passage 1
（2026・四川・高三）
As gold prices hit new highs, a gold panning trend is popular in China’s old mining towns. Tourists can sift
sand and shallow streams to find tiny gold flakes, which they can take home for free.
In Shandong and Zhejiang provinces, former mining towns now let visitors walk through underground tunnels,
learn mining skills, and look for gold in streams and sandpits. A mining-themed park in Zhejiang’s Suichang County
earned 13% more from tickets than last year by late August. During the recent 8-day National Day and Mid-Autumn
Festival holiday, over 15,000 people booked tickets there. This year, gold prices have reached record levels. On
October 8, international gold prices went above $4,000 per ounce. A visitor to the Suichang park said her husband
found a small gold flake. Though it was hard to find and not valuable, “the kids were very happy,” she added. Each
flake weighs 0.03 to 0.05 grams, worth about 35 to 60 yuan now.
The park’s entry ticket costs 126 yuan, and people pay an extra 30 yuan for the gold-panning activity. The
“panning pool” is man-made. Since the park opened in 2007, it has added 1 kilogram of gold foil to the pool, said
park manager Luo Feng. Besides gold panning, the park also offers tours of Tang (618-907) and Ming (1368-1644)
dynasty mining tunnels, plus a museum. Similar spots exist in other places: a “Gold Panning Town” and museum in
a closed mine in Shandong Zhaoyuan City, and a planned museum in Jilin’s Jiapigou (a 200-year-old major gold
mine).
Experts say this trend shows people now prefer “hands-on experiences” over just sightseeing. Luo plans to
add gold jewelry making and gold-foil art workshops to attract young people. “Gold stands for wealth and stability,
which people of all ages care about,” he said. This kind of travel is called “industrial tourism” (visiting industrial
places). It started in Europe in the mid-20th century and came to China in the late 1990s. With government support,
China now has over 1,000 such spots, from old steel mills to new electric-vehicle factories. But for long-term growth,
industrial tourism needs to go beyond “factory tours and souvenir shops”, and bring in “immersive, narrative, and
interactive designs to help bring industrial stories into everyday life,” Zeng Bowei, a professor in tourism economyat Beijing Union University, told domestic media.
1．Why does the text start with the example of “gold prices hitting new highs”?
A．To explain why gold flakes found by tourists are extremely valuable.
B．To prove that gold markets have a direct impact on Chinese tourism.
C．To encourage readers to participate in gold panning in tourism activities.
D．To introduce the topic of the popularity of gold-panning industrial tourism.
2．Why is “hands-on experience” tourism like gold panning becoming popular?
A．Because people want to make money from them.
B．Because people prefer taking part in activities actively.
C．Because there are no other interesting tourist attractions.
D．Because the government urges people to visit industrial tourism sites.
3．What can visitors NOT do in the mining-themed park in Suichang County, Zhejiang?
A．Walk through underground tunnels from the Tang and Ming dynasties.
B．Pan for gold in a man-made pool with gold foil.
C．Visit a museum about mining history.
D．Make gold jewelry in special workshops.
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To advertise the gold-panning activities at the Suichang mining-themed park.
B．To explain the historical origin of China’s industrial tourism.
C．To introduce the popularity and development of gold-panning-themed industrial tourism.
D．To persuade readers to visit old mining towns for gold-panning experience.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以黄金价格创历史新高为切入点，介绍了中国老矿镇兴起的淘金工业旅
游热潮，以浙江遂昌的矿业主题公园为例讲述了相关游玩项目、运营情况，还分析了这类体验式旅游受欢
迎的原因，并探讨了中国工业旅游的发展现状与未来发展方向。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As gold prices hit new highs, a gold panning trend is popular in China’s old
mining towns.(随着黄金价格创历史新高，淘金热潮在中国的老矿镇兴起)”可推知，文章以黄金价格新高开
篇，是为了引出淘金工业旅游走红这一主题。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Experts say this trend shows people now prefer “hands-on experiences” over
just sightseeing.(专家表示，这一趋势表明，如今的人们更喜欢“亲身体验”，而非单纯的观光)”可知，淘
金这类亲身体验式旅游受欢迎的原因是人们更愿意主动参与各类活动。故选B项。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The park’s entry ticket costs 126 yuan, and people pay an extra 30 yuan for
the gold-panning activity. The “panning pool” is man-made. Since the park opened in 2007, it has added 1 kilogram
of gold foil to the pool, said park manager Luo Feng. Besides gold panning, the park also offers tours of Tang
（618-907）and Ming（1368-1644）dynasty mining tunnels, plus a museum.(该公园的门票售价126元，游客
若参与淘金项目需额外支付30元。园区内的“淘金池”为人工打造。公园负责人罗锋介绍，自2007年开
园以来，园区已累计向淘金池投放1千克金箔。除淘金项目外，该公园还开设了唐（618-907 年）、明
（1368-1644 年）两代采矿坑道的游览项目，园内还设有一座相关主题博物馆)”以及第四段中的“Luo
plans to add gold jewelry making and gold-foil art workshops to attract young people.(罗计划增设黄金首饰制作
和金箔艺术工坊来吸引年轻人)”可知，浙江遂昌的矿业主题公园目前还未开设黄金首饰制作工坊，游客暂
时无法体验该项目。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As gold prices hit new highs, a gold panning trend is popular in China’s old
mining towns. Tourists can sift sand and shallow streams to find tiny gold flakes, which they can take home for
free.(随着黄金价格创下历史新高，淘金热潮正在中国的老牌矿业小镇兴起。游客可在沙土与浅溪中筛洗，
找寻细小的金片，这些金片能免费带回家)”可知，文章先介绍了淘金工业旅游在中国老矿镇的流行现状，
后文以具体公园为例说明相关情况，再分析其受欢迎的原因，最后结合该现象引出中国工业旅游的发展现
状与发展建议。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍淘金主题工业旅游的流行与发展情况。故选
C项。
Passage 2
（2026・四川绵阳）
If you ask a Westerner to name a successful Chinese consumer-goods brand, most would have struggled until
recently. Although China is the world’s leading manufacturing power, it has long fallen behind in creating imaginative,
home-grown retail (零售) brands and products. That, however, is beginning to change.
Innovative Chinese brands are appearing everywhere. From Stockholm to Sydney, the electric cars silently
passing by are increasingly likely to be Chinese. Mixue, an ice-cream and cold drinks company, has overtaken
McDonald’s to become the world’s largest fast-food chain by number of outlets. It is expanding in South America,
as is Meituan, a Beijing-based delivery app. Chagee, a chain of tea shops, is on track to have at least 1, 300 stores
outside China by the end of 2027, mostly in Southeast Asia; just a few years ago, it had almost none. Meanwhile,
Pop Mart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine-toothed
dolls, called Labubus. It is impossible not to admire the creative force behind these successful enterprises.
Western consumers have been buying products made in China for decades. However, these goods were mostlydesigned by and produced for foreign companies. Chinese brands were long regarded as low-quality and lacking
creativity.
New companies are now challenging these old assumptions. Many proudly emphasize their Chinese heritage.
For example, Chagee’s logo features a Peking Opera singer in full costume, and its name comes from “Farewell, My
Concubine,” a classic Chinese opera. The video game “Black Myth: Wukong,” one of the most successful ever,
features the Monkey King from the 16th-century novel Journey to the West.
Today, many Chinese brands compete not only on price but also on quality. Chagee’s drinks can even be as
expensive as Starbucks’. Western companies will need to wake up and take notice of bubble tea. In the future, they
will have to make more efforts to understand Chinese consumers’ unique tastes. Some may even partner with
innovative Chinese firms to gain insight and inspiration. Competition from China could eventually push Disney,
Mattel toys, and other major Western brands to reach new levels of creativity.
5．What does the underlined part “created a buzz” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Caused public excitement. B．Made a loud noise.
C．Lost great popularity. D．Received negative comments.
6．How did the western consumers find Chinese brands?
A．Full of imagination. B．Short of creativity. C．Quality guaranteed. D．Mass
produced.
7．What is the author’s advice for the western brands?
A．Notice different bubble tea. B．Ignore the Chinese influence.
C．Cooperate with Chinese brands. D．Lower the price of the products.
8．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The history of Chinese retail brands. B．How foreign firms win Chinese customers.
C．Why Chinese products were unpopular before.D．The rise of innovative Chinese brands globally.
【答案】5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国消费品牌在全球范围内迅速崛起的现象。尽管过去中国以制
造为主，缺乏自主品牌，但现在像Mixue、Meituan、Chagee等创新品牌已在全球市场取得成功，引发西方
品牌的关注和反思，迫使它们重视中国市场和合作。
5．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段中“Meanwhile, Pop Mart, a Chinese toy company, has created a buzz as
much as Disney with its unusual grinning nine - toothed dolls, called Labubus.(与此同时，中国玩具公司泡泡玛
特凭借其不同寻常的咧嘴露九颗牙的玩偶Labubus，引起了和迪士尼一样的……。)”可知，泡泡玛特凭借
其独特的玩偶和迪士尼一样引起了公众的广泛关注和兴奋，所以“created a buzz”意思是“引起了公众的兴奋”。A选项“Caused public excitement.(引发公众的兴奋)”符合语境。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“However, these goods were mostly designed by and produced for foreign
companies. Chinese brands were long regarded as low-quality and lacking creativity. (然而，这些商品大多是由
外国公司设计并生产的。长期以来，中国品牌一直被认为质量低劣且缺乏创新性。)”可知，西方消费者认
为中国品牌缺乏创造力。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Some may even partner with innovative Chinese firms to gain insight
and inspiration.(一些西方公司甚至可能与创新的中国公司合作，以获得洞察力和灵感。)”可知，作者建议西
方品牌与中国品牌合作。C选项“Cooperate with Chinese brands.( 与中国品牌合作。)”符合题意。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Although China is the world’s leading manufacturing power, it has long
fallen behind in creating imaginative, home-grown retail (零售) brands and products. That, however, is beginning
to change.(尽管中国是全球领先的制造业大国，但长期以来，在打造富有创意、本土原创的零售品牌及产
品方面，中国一直落后于其他国家。不过，这种情况正在发生改变。)”以及第二段中“Innovative Chinese
brands are appearing everywhere.(创新的中国品牌无处不在。)”以及后文对中国品牌在全球崛起的描述可知，
文章主要讲述了创新的中国品牌在全球的崛起。D选项“The rise of innovative Chinese brands globally.(中国
创新品牌在全球范围内的崛起。)”符合题意。故选D。
主题02 人与社会——人工智能
Passage 1
（2026・四川眉山）
On the surface, it may not appear that Dr. Dolittle and artificial intelligence (AI) have much in common. One
belongs in 1900s children’s literature, while the other is firmly rooted in the 21st century. One is a physician turned
vet (兽医) who can talk to animals, and the other a computerized technology that cannot. But the dream of speaking
with animals may not be so fantastical anymore.
AI has already given us the ability to bark instructions at robots—could its potential be extended to the animal
kingdom? Could it help us understand the natural world and maybe one day allow us to “talk” to animals?
The first difficulty in “translating” animal communication is understanding what that communication looks
like. Human language is made up of verbal (口头的) and non-verbal cues, and animal communication is no different.
Dogs wag their tails, for example, to convey a range of emotions. However, there is some debate as to whether this
can be considered a “language”. According to Dr. Herzing, Research Director, Wild Dolphin Project, AI could help
put it to bed.
“We currently don’t know if animals have a language,” Herzing said. “But AI can help us look for language-like structures which might suggest animals have parts of a language.”
Scientists have been collecting sounds, calls and various animal vocalizations (发声) for decades. Research
has shown that animal vocalizations carry many types of information from their identity to external objects. The hope
is that AI models being developed can work like what ChatGPT does for human input, and turn those vocalizations
into something more recognizable to humans.
With a better understanding of the animals around us, can we still justify practices that slaughter (屠宰) them?
This could have far-reaching influences, including for the treatment of animals in entertainment, research and
agriculture. From a human perspective, there is also a lot we could learn, not just about ourselves but about animals
and, maybe, other life forms.
1．Why does the author mention Dr. Dolittle in paragraph 1?
A．To present a classic figure. B．To highlight literary-real gap.
C．To inspire animal talk fantasy. D．To indicate tech realizes fairytale.
2．What does “put it to bed” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Solve the problem. B．Suspend the research.
C．Continue the discussion. D．Reconsider the definition.
3．What are AI models expected to do?
A．Interpret human language patterns.
B．Assess the general state of animals.
C．Make animal voices understandable.
D．Record major events in the natural world.
4．What will a better understanding of the animals lead to?
A．A new life form exploration. B．The better animal welfare.
C．A deeper reflection on humans. D．The advanced slaughter technology.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能（AI）在与动物 “交流” 方面的可能性及相关研究，
探讨了 AI 在理解动物语言和行为上的作用以及对动物保护的潜在影响。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“One is a physician turned vet (兽医) who can talk to animals, and the other a
computerized technology that cannot. But the dream of speaking with animals may not be so fantastical anymore.
(一个是能和动物交谈的从医生转行的兽医，另一个是不能和动物交谈的计算机技术。但与动物交谈的梦想
可能不再那么荒诞了)” 和上文内容可推知，作者提到Dolittle医生是为了表明科技可以实现童话中的幻想。
故选D。2．词义猜测题。根据第四段““We currently don’t know if animals have a language,” Herzing said. “But AI
can help us look for language-like structures which might suggest animals have parts of a language.(“我们目前不
知道动物是否有语言，” Herzing说。“但人工智能可以帮助我们寻找类似语言的结构，这可能表明动物
有部分语言能力”)” 可知，人工智能可以帮助解决动物是否有语言这一问题。所以put it to bed在此处的
意思是解决问题。与A 选项 Solve the problem.（解决问题。） 同义，故选 A。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“The hope is that AI models being developed can work like what ChatGPT does
for human input, and turn those vocalizations into something more recognizable to humans.(希望正在开发的人工
智能模型能像 ChatGPT 对人类输入的处理那样，将动物的发声转化为人类更容易识别的东西)” 可知，人
工智能模型有望使动物的声音能被人类理解。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “With a better understanding of the animals around us, can we still justify
practices that slaughter (屠宰) them? This could have far-reaching influences, including for the treatment of
animals in entertainment, research and agriculture.(随着对周围动物有了更好的了解，我们还能为屠宰它们的
行为辩护吗？这可能会产生深远的影响，包括对娱乐、研究和农业中动物的待遇)” 可推知，对动物更好的
理解会带来更好的动物福利。故选B。
Passage 2
（2026・四川眉山）
Traditional art education has long focused on copying classic styles, but artificial intelligence (AI) is changing
this way of teaching. Up to now, many schools around the world have started using Microsoft Copilot, a tool that
combines two AI functions in their art classes. This tool helps students not only understand classic art works better
but also create new works based on them.
The teaching process follows three clear steps: learn, analyze and recreate. First, students study great works
of art in class. For example, they learn how Van Gogh used colors to show his feelings, or how he used brush lines
to catch light and shadow. Next, they use one part of Copilot to analyze the key features of these styles and list the
main points of a style, which helps them go deeper than just surface learning. Then, they use another part of Copilot to
create their own works. They write simple descriptions, like “change Van Gogh’s Starry Night into a modern city
with bright neon lights (霓虹灯)”, and the AI generates several initial versions. Students then refine these versions
and add their own hand-drawn parts to make the works unique.
This new method keeps the good parts of traditional education while bringing in new ideas. It helps students
develop creative thinking and solves problems caused by different learning abilities. As for art teachers, they agree
that AI is a helpful tool to make students create works, but there is a lack of soul in their creation. They insist thathand-drawing is still the most fundamental and important skill.
5．What does the underlined word “refine” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Improve. B．Copy. C．Simplify. D．Abandon.
6．According to the passage, which of the following steps involve the use of AI?
A．Learn and analyze. B．Analyze and recreate.
C．Learn and recreate. D．Learn, analyze and recreate.
7．What is the teachers’ attitude towards using AI in art classes?
A．Negative. B．Supportive. C．Cautious. D．Worried.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．AI Helps Enhance Art Teaching.
B．The Best AI Tools for Art Students.
C．How to Learn Classic Art Styles with AI.
D．AI Takes the Place of Hand-Drawing in Class.
【答案】5．A 6．B 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述人工智能工具助力艺术教学变革，介绍其三步教学法及该模式
的优势与争议。
5．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“and add their own hand-drawn parts to make the works unique(并
且添加他们自己手绘的部分，以使作品独具特色)”可知，此处是指学生们改良了他们的版本，所以refine
意为“改良”。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Next, they use one part of Copilot to analyze the key features of these styles and
list the main points of a style, which helps them go deeper than just surface learning. Then, they use another part of
Copilot to create their own works.(接下来，他们利用Copilot的一部分功能来分析这些风格的关键特征，并
列出一种风格的主要要点，这有助于他们进行更深入的学习，而不仅仅是表面的了解。然后，他们利用
Copilot的另一部分功能来创作自己的作品)”可知，分析和重新创作步骤会用到人工智能。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As for art teachers, they agree that AI is a helpful tool to make students create
works, but there is a lack of soul in their creation. They insist that hand-drawing is still the most fundamental and
important skill.(至于美术教师们，他们认为人工智能是帮助学生创作作品的有用工具，但他们的创作缺乏
灵魂。他们坚持认为手绘仍然是最基本且最重要的技能)”可知，老师们对于在艺术课中使用人工智能持谨
慎态度。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Traditional art education has long focused on copying classic styles, but artificial
intelligence (AI) is changing this way of teaching. Up to now, many schools around the world have started usingMicrosoft Copilot, a tool that combines two AI functions in their art classes. This tool helps students not only
understand classic art works better but also create new works based on them.(传统的艺术教育长期以来一直侧重
于模仿经典风格，但人工智能正在改变这种教学方式。截至目前，世界各地许多学校已经开始在艺术课中
使用微软Copilot这一工具，该工具结合了两种人工智能功能。这款工具不仅帮助学生更好地理解经典艺
术作品，还能让学生基于这些作品创作新的作品)”可知，文章主要是讲人工智能助力艺术教学提升。故选
A。
主题03 人与社会——科普知识
Passage 1
（2026・四川广安・高三一模）
Scientists may have found a new energy carrier that could help with our efforts to transition away from fossil
fuels — and it could be hiding in the mountains. Using advanced simulations (模拟), a German research team believes
it has found vast reserves of clean hydrogen gas (H₂) produced by rocks that are millions of years old.
As an energy carrier, H₂ is more sustainable than fossil fuels, which release greenhouse gases and cause climate
change by trapping heat in the atmosphere. Yet now, our predominant method of producing H₂ is through a
synthetic (合成的) process that, ironically, requires fossil fuels.
The impediment to natural H₂ extraction (提炼) has been the absence of a reserve sufficiently large to be
viable — that is, cost-effective to develop. However, the research team’s findings could change this situation. “Overall,
we may be at a turning point for natural H₂ exploration,” said Dr Frank Zwaan, one of the team members. “As such,
we could be witnessing the birth of a new natural hydrogen industry.”
The most promising natural method for large-scale production of H₂ is through a geological process known as
‘serpentinization’, which refers to how rocks from deep in Earth’s mantle (地幔) react with water. Essentially, the
minerals in these rocks undergo chemical transformations, forming new minerals that belong to the serpentine group
and releasing H₂ gas in the process.
The researchers think that when these rocks are found near Earth’s surface, they could create significant
hydrogen-rich zones. To get to the surface, the rocks are ‘tectonically exhumed’ (构造折返) through more than 2,900
km of mantle over millions of years. This process occurs through two main modes: continents breaking apart (allowing
the mantle to rise) and the formation of mountains (pushing mantle rocks up to the surface).
When researchers modelled the two processes, they found that mountain formation created the best conditions
for serpentinization. In fact, their simulations showed that rocks emerging through mountain formations promised 20
times more H₂ capacity than those pushed to the surface through continental rifting.Researchers have already found indications of natural hydrogen generation in mountains including the Pyrenees,
the Alps and the Balkans.
1．What is the problem with fossil fuels according to the text?
A．They are difficult to access.
B．They account for global warming.
C．They are costly for mass production.
D．They lack sources for H₂ extraction.
2．What does the underlined word “impediment” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Major barrier. B．Basic method.
C．Unexpected benefit. D．Key requirement.
3．What’s the purpose of paragraph 5?
A．To present the location of rock discovery.
B．To illustrate the principle of mountain formation.
C．To explain the procedure of tectonic exhumation.
D．To describe the creation of hydrogen-rich zones.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards natural H₂?
A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful.
C．Neutral. D．Critical
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家可能发现了一种新的能源载体——天然氢气，它可能
藏在山脉中，并介绍了其形成原理及前景。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“As an energy carrier, H₂ is more sustainable than fossil fuels, which release
greenhouse gases and cause climate change by trapping heat in the atmosphere.(作为一种能源载体，氢比化石燃
料更具可持续性，化石燃料会释放温室气体，并通过在大气中捕获热量导致气候变化。)”可知，化石燃料
会释放温室气体，导致全球变暖。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“The impediment to natural H₂ extraction (提炼) has been the absence of a
reserve sufficiently large to be viable — that is, cost-effective to develop.(天然氢气提取的impediment一直是缺
乏足够大的可开发的储备——也就是说，开发成本效益高。)”可知，天然氢气提取一直面临的问题是缺乏
足够大的可开发的储备，所以impediment意为“主要障碍”。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers think that when these rocks are found near Earth’s surface, they
could create significant hydrogen-rich zones. To get to the surface, the rocks are ‘tectonically exhumed’ (构造折返)through more than 2,900 km of mantle over millions of years. This process occurs through two main modes:
continents breaking apart (allowing the mantle to rise) and the formation of mountains (pushing mantle rocks up to
the surface).(研究人员认为，当这类岩石出露至地球表面附近时，就有可能形成储量可观的富氢区域。这些
岩石是历经数百万年，通过超过2900千米的地幔层发生构造折返，最终抵达地表的。这一过程主要通过
两种方式实现：一是大陆板块分裂（使地幔向上抬升），二是山脉形成（将地幔岩石推挤至地表）。)”可
知，该段的目的是解释岩石构造折返的具体过程。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中““Overall, we may be at a turning point for natural H₂ exploration,” said Dr
Frank Zwaan, one of the team members.(研究团队成员之一弗兰克・茨万博士表示：“总而言之，我们或许
正处在天然氢气勘探的转折点。如此一来，我们或将见证一个全新的天然氢气产业的诞生。”)”及最后一
段“Researchers have already found indications of natural hydrogen generation in mountains including the
Pyrenees, the Alps and the Balkans.(研究人员已经在比利牛斯山脉、阿尔卑斯山脉和巴尔干山脉等山脉中发
现了天然氢气生成的迹象。)”可知，作者对天然氢气持乐观态度。故选B。
Passage 2
（2026・四川德阳・高三一模）
Mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria and dengue, kill thousands of people per year. In 2023 alone,
malaria killed over 500,000 people in 83 countries. These illnesses are often difficult to control, and mosquitoes have
gotten better at resisting chemical pesticides that used to work.
However, fighting nature with nature could be one solution. Since mosquitoes are drawn to flowers, a team of
researchers created a new variety of the Metarhizium fungus that copies a flower’s sweet smell, which comes from a
chemical called longifolene in many types of flowers. The lab-grown fungus in this study essentially uses the
longifolene to trick the mosquitoes to their deaths and is described in a study recently published in the journal Nature
Microbiology.
Once the fungus are put into a container, the longifolene chemicals are released instantly. They can be effective
for months because they also come out gradually and not in one initial burst. When attracted mosquitoes approach,
they contact the fungus and become infected and die within a few days.
Crucially, this fungal trap is safe for humans and specifically targets mosquitoes. Using a natural alternative
like this fungus may also make it difficult or impossible for mosquitoes to avoid, as they have with chemical
alternatives. “If mosquitoes evolve to avoid longifolene, that could mean they’ll stop responding to flowers,” St.
Leger, a study co-author and entomologist at the University of Maryland, explained. “But they need flowers as a food
source to survive.”The team of this study is currently planning on larger-scale outdoor trials of the new mosquito control method
to submit for regulatory approval. “It’s not as if you’re going to necessarily find a silver bullet to control mosquitoes
everywhere, but we’re trying to develop a very diverse and flexible set of tools that people in different parts of the
world can use and choose from,” St. Leger added.
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Irresistible global death rate. B．Development of chemical pesticides.
C．Treatment of mosquito-borne diseases. D．Dangerous and adaptable mosquitoes.
6．What can we learn about the Metarhizium fungus?
A．It exists in mosquitoes. B．It smells like real flowers.
C．It is shaped like mosquitoes. D．It is easily accessible in the wild.
7．What makes the fungal trap difficult for mosquitoes to avoid?
A．Their natural desire for food. B．Their underdeveloped senses.
C．Their resistance to longifolene. D．Their preference for bright colors.
8．What will the team of this study do next?
A．Raise fund for the research. B．Conduct broader experiments.
C．Predict the evolution of mosquitoes. D．Integrate chemical pesticides into the fungal trap.
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了蚊媒疾病的危害、传统杀虫剂的局限性，以及一种利用Metarhizium真
菌防控蚊子的新型自然防治方法。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mosquito-borne diseases, including malaria and dengue, kill thousands of people
per year. In 2023 alone, malaria killed over 500,000 people in 83 countries. These illnesses are often difficult to
control, and mosquitoes have gotten better at resisting chemical pesticides that used to work. (蚊媒疾病，包括疟
疾和登革热，每年造成数千人死亡。仅在2023年，疟疾就在83个国家造成50多万人死亡。这些疾病通常
很难控制，蚊子对过去有效的化学杀虫剂的抵抗力也越来越强)”可知，第一段主要讲蚊子的危险性与适应
性。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“a team of researchers created a new variety of the Metarhizium fungus that copies
a flower’s sweet smell (研究人员培育出一种新的Metarhizium真菌，它能模仿复制花朵的香甜气味)”可知，
这种真菌闻起来像真实的花朵。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“If mosquitoes evolve to avoid longifolene, that could mean they’ll stop
responding to flowers (如果蚊子进化到避开长叶烯，那就意味着它们不再对花朵有反应)”及“But they need
flowers as a food source to survive. (但它们需要花朵作为食物来源以维系生存)”可推知，蚊子对食物的天然需求让这种真菌陷阱难以躲避。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team of this study is currently planning on larger-scale outdoor trials of the
new mosquito control method to submit for regulatory approval. (该研究团队目前正计划对这种新型控蚊方法进
行更大规模的户外试验以提交监管机构批准)”可知，研究团队接下来会进行更广泛的实验。故选B项。
Passage 3
（2026・四川自贡・高三一模）
Until the invention of artificial lighting, the sun was the major source of lighting, and people spent their
evenings in (relative) darkness. Now, in much of the world, streets and homes are lit up at night, and we don’t think
twice about having so much light whenever we want it.
But we may be paying a price for bathing in all that light. At night, light throws the body’s biological clock in
disorder. Sleep suffers — people take longer to fall asleep, wake up more often during the night, and feel less rested
in the morning. Over time, this disruption may seriously affect both mental and physical health.
Not all colors of light have the same effect. Blue wavelengths, which are beneficial during daylight hours
because they boost attention, reaction time, and mood, seem to be the most disturbing at night. And the popularity of
electronics with screens is increasing our exposure to blue wavelengths, especially after sundown.
While light of any kind can affect the release of melatonin (褪黑素) , blue light at night does so more
powerfully. Harvard researchers and their colleagues conducted an experiment comparing the effects of 6.5 hours of
exposure to blue light to exposure to green light of comparable brightness. The blue light holds up melatonin for
about twice as long as the green light.
In another study of blue light, researchers at Toronto compared the melatonin levels of people exposed to
bright indoor light who were wearing blue-light blocking goggles (护目镜) to people exposed to regular soft light
without wearing goggles. The levels of melatonin were about the same in the two groups. It suggests that shift workers
and night owls could perhaps protect themselves if they wore eyewear that blocks blue light.
9．What is modern people’s attitude to wide use of artificial light?
A．They attempt to avoid using it.
B．They take it as a normal part of life.
C．They are concerned about its harm.
D．They consider it as a waste of energy.
10．What do we know about blue light?
A．It’s easy to block. B．It’s harmful all day.
C．It worsens emotions. D．It has opposite effects.11．What can be concluded from the Harvard experiment?
A．Six hours of light exposure is safe.
B．Green light hardly affects melatonin.
C．Brightness controls melatonin release.
D．Blue light affects melatonin more strongly.
12．Why did researchers at Toronto make the comparison?
A．To test if goggles effectively work.
B．To prove goggles are widely usable.
C．To find out which light is more harmful.
D．To check whether goggles are comfortable.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人工照明的普及对人体生物钟的影响，以及蓝光在昼夜不同时段的
作用差异和应对办法。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now, in much of the world, streets and homes are lit up at night, and we
don’t think twice about having so much light whenever we want it. (如今，在世界上大部分地区，街道和住宅在
夜间灯火通明，我们对随时能拥有充足的光线这件事习以为常)”可知，现代人将人工照明的广泛使用看作
生活中理所当然的一部分。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Blue wavelengths, which are beneficial during daylight hours because they
boost attention, reaction time, and mood, seem to be the most disturbing at night. (蓝光波长在白天十分有益，因
为它能提升注意力、反应速度和情绪，但在夜间却似乎是最具干扰性的光线)”可知，蓝光在白天和夜晚的
作用是相反的。故选D项。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The blue light holds up melatonin for about twice as long as the green light.
(蓝光抑制褪黑素分泌的时间约为绿光的两倍)”可知，哈佛大学的实验表明蓝光对褪黑素的影响更强烈。故
选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“In another study of blue light, researchers at Toronto compared the
melatonin levels of people exposed to bright indoor light who were wearing blue-light blocking goggles (护目镜)
to people exposed to regular soft light without wearing goggles. The levels of melatonin were about the same in the
two groups. It suggests that shift workers and night owls could perhaps protect themselves if they wore eyewear
that blocks blue light. (在另一项关于蓝光的研究中，多伦多的研究人员做了一组对照实验：他们将两类人群
的褪黑素水平进行对比，一类是处于明亮室内光线下、佩戴防蓝光护目镜的人，另一类是处于普通柔和光
线下、未佩戴护目镜的人。结果显示，两组人群的褪黑素水平大致相同。这一研究结果表明，倒班工作者和夜猫子或许可以通过佩戴防蓝光眼镜来保护自身健康。)”可知，多伦多研究人员的对比实验，目的是测
试防蓝光护目镜是否能有效阻挡蓝光对褪黑素分泌的干扰。故选A项。
Passage 4
（2026・四川内江・高三一模）
Chenyang Lin, a brain expert at Boston University, grew up in a coastal city in southern China, far from forests.
So, when he hiked in New Hampshire last year, he was amazed by the squirrels in towering trees. That hike is stuck
in Lin’s memory. So, oddly, are the more familiar chickens he saw on the way to the hike.
Now, Lin’s research helps explain why both animals are clearly remembered. Events that have a strong
emotional impact help people remember moments they would otherwise forget, Lin and colleagues report in Science
Advances. The brain even seems to connect similar things and events together. That’s probably why Lin remembers
chickens along with those cool squirrels.
Since the 1990s, researches have suggested that pairing a weak memory with a strong one can strengthen it —
a theory called “tag and capture”. Everyday memories leave neuronal (神经元的) tags that disappear within hours.
But a powerful memory triggers a protein storm in the hippocampus (海马体). Then the tagged neurons capture those
proteins, thus gluing weak memories to powerful ones.
Lin and his team tested that idea by having over 100 people observe animals and everyday tools on a computer.
First, participants simply viewed dozens of images. Next, they viewed similar images with a reward attached to each.
About half the participants received a large reward for labeling animals and a low reward for labeling tools, while
the other half received the opposite.
The next day, the team surprised participants with a memory test of what they’d seen the day before. Receiving a
big reward after seeing animals improved people’s memories of those animals by about 5 percent, compared with
those getting small rewards. However, big rewards for tools had no effect. Lin suspects that’s because people formed
stronger early memories of the tools than the animals.
“Routine memories are known to exist in this temporary state,” says cognitive neuroscientist Joseph Dunsmoor
of The University of Texas, “But this is among the first papers to show that weak memories are more likely to get
captured when they relate to the strong memory.”
13．Why does Lin remember the chickens?
A．They were in his way of hike. B．They were rarely seen in daily life.
C．They differ from those in hometown. D．They are associated with the squirrels.
14．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The cause for protein storm. B．The structure in hippocampus.C．The theory behind the phenomenon. D．The process of memory formation.
15．What can we learn from Lin’s research?
A．Image type has less impact on memory.
B．Tools are naturally easier to remember than animals.
C．Memory improvement through comparing is quite effective.
D．Rewards may enhance memory of items with weaker initial memories.
16．What does Joseph think of the research?
A．Its objective is clear. B．Its future is promising.
C．Its findings are pioneering. D．Its method needs improving.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．D 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了波士顿大学林晨阳的研究证实，强情绪事件会强化记忆，大脑还会
关联相似事物；其试验验证 “标记捕获” 理论，奖励对初始弱记忆提升效果显著。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“So, when he hiked in New Hampshire last year, he was amazed by the squirrels
in towering trees. That hike is stuck in Lin’s memory. So, oddly, are the more familiar chickens he saw on the way
to the hike.(因此，去年他去新罕布什尔州徒步时，被高大树木上的松鼠所吸引，深感震撼。那次徒步的经
历深深地印在了林的记忆中。所以，奇怪的是，他在去远足的路上所见到的那些常见的鸡也是这样的情
况)”以及第二段“The brain even seems to connect similar things and events together. That’s probably why Lin
remembers chickens along with those cool squirrels.(大脑似乎还会将相似的事物和事件联系起来。这或许就是
林能将鸡和那些令人惊奇的松鼠联系在一起的原因)”可知，林记住松鼠（强记忆），连带记住沿途熟悉的
鸡，二者被大脑联系在一起。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Since the 1990s, researches have suggested that pairing a weak memory with a
strong one can strengthen it — a theory called “tag and capture”. Everyday memories leave neuronal (神经元的)
tags that disappear within hours. But a powerful memory triggers a protein storm in the hippocampus (海马体).
Then the tagged neurons capture those proteins, thus gluing weak memories to powerful ones.(自20世纪90年代
起，研究表明，将模糊记忆与深刻记忆关联可强化前者 —— 这一理论被称为“标记捕获”。日常琐事留
下的神经元标记数小时内便会消失，而强烈记忆会触发海马体产生蛋白风暴，带标记的神经元会捕获这些
蛋白质，从而将模糊记忆牢牢绑定在深刻记忆上)”可知，第三段主要讲的是这一现象背后的理论。故选
C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Receiving a big reward after seeing animals improved people’s memories
of those animals by about 5 percent, compared with those getting small rewards. However, big rewards for toolshad no effect. Lin suspects that’s because people formed stronger early memories of the tools than the animals.(在
看过动物并得到高额奖励后，参与者对这些动物的记忆提高了约 5%（相比之下，获得小额奖励的参与者记
忆能力没有变化）。然而，对于工具的奖励却没有产生任何效果。林推测，这是因为人们对工具形成的早
期记忆比对动物的记忆更为深刻)”可知，奖励对初始记忆薄弱的事物有强化作用。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But this is among the first papers to show that weak memories are more likely
to get captured when they relate to the strong memory.(但这是首次能够证明此类结论的研究论文之一：即当弱
记忆与强记忆相关联时，它们更有可能被“捕获”下来)”可知，约瑟夫认为这项研究的研究成果具有开创
性意义。故选C。
主题04人与自然——动植物
Passage 1
（2026・四川成都・高三一模）
You know immediately when someone is speaking to an infant or small child. Sentences become shorter,
sounds are exaggerated, and the overall speech is more musical. A recent study found that female bottlenose dolphins
change their tone when addressing their babies. Researchers recorded the whistle of 19 mother dolphins in Florida,
when they were accompanied by their children and when they were swimming alone or with other adults.
The dolphin whistle is a unique and important signal. “They use these whistles to keep track of each other.
They’re saying, ‘I’m here, I’m here,” said study co-author Laela Sayigh. They also found that the whistles of dolphin
mothers had a greater range of frequencies when their children were nearby. They use baby talk. The high pitches (音调)
were higher and the lows were lower.
Obtaining this data was not easy. Over more than three decades, scientists placed special microphones several
times on the same wild dolphin mothers to record their whistles. This included years when they had babies and when
they didn’t. On average, baby dolphins stay with their mothers for three years, and sometimes longer. “This is
unprecedented, absolutely fantastic data,” said Mauricio Cantor, a marine biologist.
Why people, dolphins or other creatures use baby talk isn’t certain. Scientists believe it may help children
learn to pronounce new sounds. Earlier research found that human infants may pay more attention to speech with a
greater pitch range. Female rhesus monkeys may change their calls to attract their children’s attention. And Zebra
finches slow down their songs to address baby birds, perhaps making it easier to learn bird songs.
For the dolphin study, the researchers focused only on the whistle call. They don’t know if dolphins also use
baby talk for other conversations or whether it helps their children learn to “talk” as it seems to do with humans.
1．What is the purpose of dolphin whistles?A．To scare enemies. B．To attract mates.
C．To find enough food. D．To pay attention to others.
2．What do dolphin mothers do when they address their babies?
A．They start singing. B．They swim faster.
C．They use baby talk. D．They jump out of water.
3．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．Much effort was made to obtain the data.
B．Mauricio Cantor didn’t quite believe the data.
C．Scientists used special whistles to train dolphins.
D．Baby dolphins usually stay with their mothers for ten years.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．How dolphin parents teach babies. B．What conversations dolphins make.
C．The study’s limitations and unknowns. D．Methods for recording dolphin calls.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现雌性宽吻海豚对幼崽会用“儿语”，哨声频率范围更大。该数据经三
十年努力获取，而动物使用“儿语”的原因尚未明确，相关研究仍有局限性与未知之处。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段““They use these whistles to keep track of each other. They’re saying, ‘I’m here,
I’m here,” said study co-author Laela Sayigh.(研究合著者莱拉·萨伊吉解释道：“它们通过这些哨声来相互保
持联系。它们在说：‘我在这儿，我在这儿。’”)”可知，海豚发出的哨声是为了关注别的海豚。故选
D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“They also found that the whistles of dolphin mothers had a greater range of
frequencies when their children were nearby. They use baby talk.(他们还发现，当海豚妈妈的身边有孩子时，它
们发出的哨声频率范围更大。它们会使用“婴儿语”)”可知，当海豚妈妈与自己的幼崽交流时，它们会使
用“婴儿语”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Obtaining this data was not easy. Over more than three decades, scientists placed
special microphones several times on the same wild dolphin mothers to record their whistles. This included years
when they had babies and when they didn’t. On average, baby dolphins stay with their mothers for three years, and
sometimes longer. “This is unprecedented, absolutely fantastic data,” said Mauricio Cantor, a marine biologist.(获
取这些数据并非易事。在超过三十年的时间里，科学家们多次在同一批野生海豚母亲身上安装了特殊的麦
克风，以记录它们的哨声。这包括它们有幼崽和没有幼崽的年份。平均而言，幼豚会跟随母豚长达三年，
有时甚至更久。“这是前所未有的，绝对是一流的数据，”海洋生物学家毛里西奥·坎托尔说道)”可知，为获取这些数据付出了大量努力。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“For the dolphin study, the researchers focused only on the whistle call. They
don’t know if dolphins also use baby talk for other conversations or whether it helps their children learn to “talk” as
it seems to do with humans.(在对海豚的研究中，研究人员只关注了海豚的哨声叫声。他们并不清楚海豚是
否还会在其他交流中使用类似“婴儿语”的方式，也不知道这种方式是否能帮助海豚幼崽学会“说话”
（就像人类那样），而从人类的情况来看，这种方式似乎确实能起到这样的作用)”可知，最后一段主要讲
的是该研究的局限性及未知因素。故选C。
Passage 2
（2026・四川资阳・高三一模）
When Montana and Idaho held their first regulated wolf hunts in 2009, one of their stated goals was to reduce
pressure on ranchers (牧场主). Rebounding wolf populations were killing livestock (牲畜). Fewer wolves, the
thinking went, should mean fewer killed cows and sheep.
The same logic is being used today in wolf management plans and is now also being discussed in Europe,
which recently voted to downgrade the protected status of wolves in the European Union.
A new study, though, finds that wolf hunting in the Western U. S. has had little impact on the loss of livestock.
Nor has it reduced the number of times federal or state wildlife officials have been called to cull problematic
wolves.
The study looked at data from two states that have allowed public wolf hunts, Montana with an estimated
1,100 wolves and Idaho with over 1,200, and two states that have not, Oregon and Washington. Researchers looked
at wolf abundance, the number killed in wolf hunting and by government removals, and livestock eaten by wolves
from 2001 to 2005, and found the amount of livestock saved by killing a wolf roughly equaled 7% of a single cow.
In other words, you would have to kill roughly 14 wolves to save a cow.
If protecting livestock is the goal, Merz, one of the study’s co-authors, said, “Based on how many wolves you
would have to kill while trying to match conservation goals, but also allowing ranchers to continue with their
livelihoods, it might not be the best solution.” Other strategies, like adding fencing, or paying people to watch over
their ranches, have long been used in many states. But Merz said the cost of those methods often falls on the ranchers,
who are dealing with a lot of other pressures like wildfires and drought.
Merz, who has worked in wildlife conservation and human-wildlife conflict in Africa, said, “This paper isn’t
about whether or not we should be hunting. We’re talking about finding a management tool that will help ranchers
manage livestock predation (捕食).”5．Which is the idea behind Idaho’s wolf management?
A．No livestock, no wolves. B．The more wolves, the better.
C．No law of the jungle, no wolves. D．The fewer wolves, the more livestock.
6．What does the underlined word “cull” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Kill. B．Track. C．Observe. D．Estimate.
7．What can be concluded from paragraph 4?
A．The cost to kill a wolf is high.
B．Not all states in the U.S. have wolves.
C．People conducted the study by tracking wolves.
D．It is impractical to protect livestock by killing wolves.
8．Why did Merz carry out the study?
A．To predict the effect of wolf hunting. B．To seek ways to reduce livestock predation.
C．To ensure the protected status of wolves. D．To ease the ranchers’ financial pressure.
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项调查，调查显示美国蒙大拿州和爱达荷州为了减轻牧场
主的压力而对狼进行猎杀的政策是不合理的。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rebounding wolf populations were killing livestock (牲畜). Fewer wolves, the
thinking went, should mean fewer killed cows and sheep.(回升的狼群数量一直在捕杀牲畜。当时的想法是，狼
越少，被杀死的牛羊就应该越少)”可知，爱达荷州狼管理策略的核心逻辑是“狼越少，牲畜越多”。故选
D。
6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Nor has it reduced the number of times federal or state wildlife officials have
been called to cull problematic wolves.(它也没有减少联邦或州野生动物官员被要求cull 有问题的狼的次数)”
结合前文提到爱达荷州狼管理策略的核心是“狼越少，牲畜越多”，以及“problematic wolves”的描述可推
测cull意为“捕杀”，与kill同义。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Researchers looked at wolf abundance, the number killed in wolf hunting and
by government removals, and livestock eaten by wolves from 2001 to 2005, and found the amount of livestock
saved by killing a wolf roughly equaled 7% of a single cow. In other words, you would have to kill roughly 14
wolves to save a cow.(研究人员研究了2001年至2005年间狼的数量、因猎狼和政府驱赶而被杀死的数量，
以及被狼吃掉的牲畜，发现杀死一只狼所拯救的牲畜数量大约相当于一头牛的7%。换句话说，你必须杀
死大约14只狼才能救一头牛)”可知，通过杀狼保护牲畜需要付出极大代价，并不切实际。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Merz, who has worked in wildlife conservation and human-wildlife conflict inAfrica, said, “This paper isn’t about whether or not we should be hunting. We’re talking about finding a
management tool that will help ranchers manage livestock predation (捕食).”(默兹在非洲从事野生动物保护和人
类与野生动物冲突的工作，他表示：“这篇论文不是关于我们是否应该狩猎。我们讨论的是找到一种管理
工具，帮助牧场主应对牲畜被捕食的问题。”)”可知，默茨开展研究是为了寻找减少牲畜被狼捕食的方法。
故选B。
Passage 3
（2026・四川・高三一模）
Honey from Australia’s stingless “sugarbag” bees has been found to have amazing antimicrobial (杀菌的)
abilities, meaning it could be used to treat infections. But what gives it such amazing power?
A study led by Dr Kenya Fernandes of the University of Sydney has shown the remarkable antimicrobial
qualities of honey from three species of native Australian stingless bees, commonly called “sugarbag bees”. Their
honey has long been served as food and a traditional treatment for health issues like itchy skin and sores among
Australia’s native communities.
The research reveals that stingless bee honey keeps its infection-fighting power even after heat treatment and
long-term storage. These distinctive features set it apart from honey from honeybees. With antibiotic resistance (抗
生素耐药性) becoming a vital global health problem, Dr Fernandes noted, “Given the growing medical challenge of
antimicrobial resistance, our findings suggest stingless bee honey could provide a valuable alternative to man-made
antibiotics.”
Earlier studies have shown that unlike conventional antibiotics, microbes rarely develop resistance to honey.
But unlike European honeybee honey, which mainly relies on hydrogen peroxide (过氧化氢) for antimicrobial effects,
Australian stingless bee honey has high levels of both hydrogen peroxide and non-peroxide activity, making it
effective for health use.
However, a major challenge is low yield. Each stingless beehive produces only about 0.5 litres of honey a year,
making large-scale production difficult. Dr Ros Gloag explained, “While the yield is small, these hives require less
maintenance than traditional beehives, allowing beekeepers to manage larger numbers.”
The research team plans to further explore its non-peroxide activity. Dr Fernandes said, “While we have yet
to test the honey’s against antibiotic-resistant bacteria specifically, the presence of multiple antimicrobial factors
significantly reduces the possibility of resistance developing.”
9．What do we know from the second paragraph?
A．How stingless bees make special honey. B．How stingless bee honey is used for food.C．Australian native communities live on honey. D．Sugarbag bees’ honey has some medical value.
10．What is special about stingless bee honey according to related study?
A．It is rich in antimicrobial factors. B．It loses antimicrobial power after heating.
C．It requires careful storage for the natural taste.D．It depends on antibiotic to prevent infections.
11．What can we say about the research team?
A．They’ll expand the sales of the honey. B．They’ll improve traditional beehives.
C．They’re optimistic about the future study. D．They’ve proved the honey’s side effect.
12．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Different Bees Having Different Potentials
B．A Sweet Hope Against Antibiotic Resistance
C．Three Species of Native Australian Stingless Bees
D．Man-made Antibiotics Coming onto the Market Soon
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。结合文章主要说明了澳大利亚无刺蜂（糖袋蜂）蜂蜜具出色抗菌性，经热处理
和长期储存仍有效，含多重抗菌因子且微生物不易耐药，为全球抗生素耐药性问题提供新替代方案，但存
在产量低的挑战。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Their honey has long been served as food and a traditional treatment for health
issues like itchy skin and sores among Australia’s native communities.(他们的蜂蜜长期以来一直被用作食物，
并且在澳大利亚的原住民群体中还被用作治疗诸如皮肤瘙痒和疮疡等健康问题的常用药物)”可知，糖袋蜂
所产的蜂蜜具有一定的医疗价值。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The research reveals that stingless bee honey keeps its infection-fighting
power even after heat treatment and long-term storage.(该研究表明，糖袋蜂蜂蜜即使经过加热处理和长期储存，
其抗感染能力依然不变)”以及第四段中“But unlike European honeybee honey, which mainly relies on
hydrogen peroxide (过氧化氢) for antimicrobial effects, Australian stingless bee honey has high levels of both
hydrogen peroxide and non-peroxide activity, making it effective for health use.(但与欧洲蜜蜂所产的蜂蜜不同，
后者主要依靠过氧化氢来发挥抗菌作用，而澳大利亚无刺蜂蜂蜜不仅过氧化氢含量高，还具有较强的非过
氧化物活性，这使其在健康领域的应用十分有效)”可知，无刺蜂蜂蜜富含抗菌成分。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The research team plans to further explore its non-peroxide activity. Dr
Fernandes said, “While we have yet to test the honey’s against antibiotic-resistant bacteria specifically, the presence
of multiple antimicrobial factors significantly reduces the possibility of resistance developing.”(该研究团队计划
进一步探究这种蜂蜜的非过氧化物活性。费尔南德斯博士表示：“虽然我们尚未专门针对耐药细菌对蜂蜜进行测试，但蜂蜜中存在多种抗菌成分，这显著降低了耐药性产生的可能性。”)”可推知，研究团队对未
来的研究充满信心。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Honey from Australia’s stingless “sugarbag” bees has been found to have
amazing antimicrobial (杀菌的) abilities, meaning it could be used to treat infections. But what gives it such
amazing power?(澳大利亚无刺“糖袋蜂”所产的蜂蜜被发现具有惊人的杀菌能力，这意味着它可用于治疗
感染。但究竟是什么赋予了它如此强大的杀菌能力呢？)”结合文章主要说明了澳大利亚无刺蜂（糖袋蜂）
蜂蜜具出色抗菌性，经热处理和长期储存仍有效，含多重抗菌因子且微生物不易耐药，为全球抗生素耐药
性问题提供新替代方案，但存在产量低的挑战。可知，B选项“一种对抗抗生素耐药性的希望之源”最符
合文章标题。故选B。
Passage 4
（2026・四川泸州・高三一模）
Scientists are using some unusual helpers in their efforts to predict earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other
natural phenomena. They are signing up thousands of dogs, goats, and other farmyard animals — as well as a wide
range of wildlife — in studies that will monitor their movements from space.
The program uses tiny equipment fitted to animals. Their movements will be tracked from space. “The aim is
not only to study how they react to upcoming natural events but also to examine animal migration, the spread of
diseases among animals, and the impact of climate change,” said project leader Martin Wikelski.
“Early experiments in Sicily on the sides of Mount Etna have shown promising results,” said Wikelski. “We
have found that the behavior of goats is quite effective in predicting large volcanic eruptions.” The animals become
nervous before an eruption and refuse to go to higher areas they would usually visit gladly. “They have a premonition o f
what is coming. We don’t know how they do it, but they do,” said Wikelski. Similarly, researchers monitoring dogs,
sheep, and other farm animals in the Abruzzo mountains found that these animals had foreseen even out of eight
major earthquakes in the region over the past 12 years.
“We are now able to track most things,” added Wikelski. “For example, we can survey wildlife health from
space,” he said. Electronic ear tags fitted to wild pigs weigh only 30 grams. Changes in an animal’s movements show
if the pig develops a disease. Knowing when a disease outbreak occurs in the wild can help control its impact on
farms, researchers say. “This is a big change for wildlife disease monitoring,” said Kevin Morelle, a scientist at the
Max Planck Institute.
The technology should also help scientists understand the processes that drive migrations Their movements
could soon uncover the secret behind the 2,000-mile migrations they make between Europe and Africa every year.“We will also be able to study how animal populations react to habitat changes caused by global warming,” said
Wikelski.
13．What is the main purpose of the program mentioned in the text?
A．To track animal migration routes globally.
B．To research the impact of climate change on wildlife.
C．To monitor the spread of diseases among farm animals.
D．To predict natural disasters and study ecological issues.
14．What does the underlined phrase “have a premonition of” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Guess randomly. B．Predict in advance. C．ignore instinctively. D．Monitor on
purpose.
15．Why are electronic ear tags fitted to wild pigs?
A．To keep track of their migration paths. B．To study their reaction to global warming.
C．To monitor their health and disease outbreaks.D．To predict volcanic eruptions in this region.
16．What can we infer about the technology in studying migrations?
A．It focuses on how habitat changes affect migration routes.
B．It has already uncovered the secret of 2,000-mile migrations.
C．It is mainly used to track endangered species during migrations.
D．It will help explain the reasons behind animals’ long-distance journeys.
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．C 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍科学家利用动物追踪技术预测自然灾害并研究生态相关问题的相关
探索。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The aim is not only to study how they react to upcoming natural events but
also to examine animal migration, the spread of diseases among animals, and the impact of climate change,(该项目
的目的不仅是研究它们对即将发生的自然事件的反应，还包括研究动物迁徙、动物间疾病传播以及气候变
化带来的影响)”可知，这个项目的主要目的既包括预测自然灾害，也涵盖研究各类生态相关问题。故选D
项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“We have found that the behavior of goats is quite effective in predicting
large volcanic eruptions. The animals become nervous before an eruption and refuse to go to higher areas they
would usually visit gladly.(我们发现山羊的行为在预测大型火山喷发方面非常有效。火山喷发前，这些动物
会变得焦躁不安，拒绝前往它们通常乐于去的高处区域)”可知，山羊能在火山喷发前感知到危险，提前做
出反应。由此推知，“have a premonition of”的意思是“提前预知”，与“Predict in advance”含义相近。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Electronic ear tags fitted to wild pigs weigh only 30 grams. Changes in an
animal’s movements show if the pig develops a disease. Knowing when a disease outbreak occurs in the wild can
help control its impact on farms,(安装在野猪身上的电子耳标仅重30克。动物行为活动的变化可以反映出它
是否患病。掌握野外疾病爆发的时间有助于控制其对农场的影响)”可知，给野猪佩戴电子耳标的目的是监
测它们的健康状况以及疾病的爆发情况。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The technology should also help scientists understand the processes that
drive migrations. Their movements could soon uncover the secret behind the 2,000-mile migrations they make
between Europe and Africa every year.(这项技术还将帮助科学家们理解驱动迁徙的过程。动物的活动轨迹有
望很快揭开它们每年往返于欧洲和非洲之间2000英里迁徙之旅背后的奥秘)”可知，这项技术能够帮助解释
动物远距离迁徙的原因。故选D项。
主题01 人与社会——社会问题
Passage 1
（2026・四川凉山州・高三一模）
Carmakers — including BMW, Fiat, Chrysler and Peugeot — warned that the worldwide semiconductor
processor (半导体处理器) shortage will continue. The shortage has affected both production and sales of automobiles (
汽车).
Last year, carmakers had to shut down plants because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Now they have to compete
with the consumer electronics industry for the limited supplies that were also affected by the health crisis. Automobiles
have become increasingly dependent on processors, also known as chips (芯片). They are needed for computers to
help engines with better fuel economy and assist drivers in emergency braking. Without a good supply of chips,
carmakers have centered production on higher-profit models. The higher prices keep their businesses going even
though they are selling fewer cars.
Richard Palmer is the chief financial officer of Stellantis. The company sells cars under 14 brands including
Fiat, Chrysler and Peugeot. He said the company did not expect chip supply to improve before the last three months
of the year. That would mean a production loss of around 1.4 million vehicles for 2021.
BMW, so far, has been less affected by the chip shortage than others. That is because of its strong relationswith its suppliers. But the German carmaker warned that there will be more problems during the second half of this
year. “The longer the supply bottlenecks last, the more tense the situation is likely to become,” BMW chief financial
officer Nicolas Peter said in a statement. “We expect production restrictions to continue in the second half of the year.
Those restrictions will cause a lower number of sales,” he added.
German chip-maker Infineon Technologies confirmed the shortage. The company said the latest wave of
COVID-19 cases slows the production of materials in Asia. And the amounts of goods available have now hit all-
time lows. Reinhard Ploss is the Chief Executive Officer of Infineon. He told economists that sharply limited supplies
are hurting the recovery of worldwide car markets. He observed that “it will take time to get back” to a balance
between supply and demand. “In our view, this will take until well into 2022,” he added.
1．How do carmakers deal with reduced sales?
A．By improving production technology. B．By selling cars with lower fuel consumption.
C．By offering better emergency braking systems.D．By producing high-priced cars.
2．Why does the author mention Richard Palmer and Nicolas Peter?
A．To stress the seriousness of the present situation.
B．To provide a solution to the reduced sales.
C．To convey their expectation of the car production.
D．To highlight the importance of chips for carmakers.
3．What’s Reinhard Ploss’ attitude towards car production and sales?
A．Hopeful. B．Indifferent. C．Worried. D．Skeptical.
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A．The Decline of Car Sales. B．Chip Shortage and its Influence.
C．The Restrictions of Production. D．The Balance between Supply and Demand.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了全球芯片短缺持续冲击汽车产销，车企转产高利润车型维持运
营，行业人士预计短缺年内难缓解，供需平衡或2022年后才能恢复。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Without a good supply of chips, carmakers have centered production on higher-
profit models. The higher prices keep their businesses going even though they are selling fewer cars. (如果没有充
足的芯片供应，汽车制造商便将生产重心转向了利润更高的车型。尽管销量有所下降，但较高的售价仍使
他们的业务得以维持。)”可知，汽车制造商通过生产高价汽车应对销量下降这一情况。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Richard Palmer is the chief financial officer of Stellantis. The company sells cars
under 14 brands including Fiat, Chrysler and Peugeot. He said the company did not expect chip supply to improvebefore the last three months of the year. That would mean a production loss of around 1.4 million vehicles for 2021.
(理查德·帕尔默是斯特兰蒂斯公司的首席财务官。该公司旗下拥有包括菲亚特、克莱斯勒和标致在内的14
个汽车品牌。他表示，公司预计在本年度最后三个月之前，芯片供应状况不会有所改善。这意味着2021
年的产量将减少约140万辆汽车。)”以及第四段“BMW, so far, has been less affected by the chip shortage than
others. That is because of its strong relations with its suppliers. But the German carmaker warned that there will be
more problems during the second half of this year. “The longer the supply bottlenecks last, the more tense the
situation is likely to become,” BMW chief financial officer Nicolas Peter said in a statement. “We expect
production restrictions to continue in the second half of the year. Those restrictions will cause a lower number of
sales,” he added. (到目前为止，宝马公司受芯片短缺的影响相对较小，这得益于其与供应商的良好合作关系。
但这家德国汽车制造商警告称，今年下半年将会出现更多问题。宝马首席财务官尼古拉斯·彼得在一份声明
中表示：“供应瓶颈持续的时间越长，情况就越可能变得紧张。”他补充道：“我们预计下半年的生产限
制还将继续。这些限制将导致销量减少。”)”可知，作者提及理查德·帕尔默和尼古拉斯·彼得是为了强调
当前形势的严峻性。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He told economists that sharply limited supplies are hurting the recovery of
worldwide car markets. (他向经济学家们表示，供应严重短缺正在阻碍全球汽车市场的复苏。)”可知，雷纳
德·普洛斯对于汽车生产与销售的态度是担忧的。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Carmakers — including BMW, Fiat, Chrysler and Peugeot — warned that the
worldwide semiconductor processor (半导体处理器) shortage will continue. The shortage has affected both
production and sales of automobiles (汽车). (汽车制造商——包括宝马、菲亚特、克莱斯勒和标致等——警告
称，全球半导体处理器短缺的情况将会持续下去。这一短缺问题已经影响到了汽车的生产和销售。)”结合
文章主要说明了全球芯片短缺持续冲击汽车产销，车企转产高利润车型维持运营，行业人士预计短缺年内
难缓解，供需平衡或2022年后才能恢复。可知，B选项“芯片短缺及其影响”最符合文章标题。故选B。
Passage 2
（2026・四川绵阳・普明中学・高三一模）
Gen Z is changing the rules of work, and the results are redefining what professional success looks like in
2025. According to a new Glassdoor report, “career minimalism” is at the heart of this shift.
In Glassdoor’s survey of more than 1,000 U. S. professionals, a striking 68% of Gen Zrespondents said they
wouldn’t pursue management if it weren’t for paycheck or title, signaling a rejection of the traditional corporate climb
favored by previous generations and a belief that management is something of a poisonous chalice (圣杯).
The survey, however, is somewhat at odds with other data collected by Glassdoor. Daniel Zhao, chief economistfor the company, told Fortune that an earlier report had found Gen Zentering the ranks of management at the same
rates as older generations did. “Management is not for everybody, and that’s okay,” he said, “but it is still seen as the
best path for climbing the career ladder.”
What the new survey suggests is that management is now seen as a career-ladder move, not something good
in its own right. Gen Z approaches life’s traditional milestones with “reasoned skepticism”. They are hungry for
coaching and welcome in-office collaboration yet also desire the death of the nine-to-five mentality and embrace
flexibility.
If Gen Z isn’t less ambitious yet isn’t thrilled about corporate management, where’s that energy going? The
report cited Harris Poll findings that 57% of Gen Z currently have a side hustle (副业) compared to 48% of millennials
and 31% of Gen Xers.
Side hustle s are central to Gen Z’s identity, offering creative or activist outlets that main jobs cannot supply.
For many, the “day job” simply finances the “passion project” — as one Glassdoor community member put it: “I
always joke that I don’t dream of labor… If people were truly passionate about their job, it wouldn’t pay anything.
Passion is for your five-nine after the nine-five.”
When Gen Zers do move into management, Glassdoor finds that they’ re rewriting the traditional book. Gen
Z is reconsidering what it means to be successful at work in this moment. They’ re not rejecting ambition — they’ re
redirecting it toward sustainable career path s that prioritize both financial security and personal fulfillment.
5．Why is Daniel Zhao quoted in paragraph 3?
A．To draw attention to a new concept.
B．To confirm the accuracy of the report.
C．To raise awareness of a worrying trend.
D．To offer another perspective on the survey.
6．What might a typical Gen Zer do?
A．Make critical remarks. B．Leave work no later than 5.
C．Seek guidance from seniors. D．Avoid working with colleagues.
7．What factors may Gen Z consider in side hustles?
A．High pay and grand titles. B．Short hours and easy work.
C．Personal identity and flexibility. D．Benefits and working conditions.
8．What is the professional success defined by Gen Z?
A．Earning money with meaning.
B．Winning power through effort.C．Dropping promotion for hobbies.
D．Staying put for financial security.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨Gen Z职场新趋势。副业成为Gen Z实现自我价值的重要途径。他
们对成功定义进行重思，追求财务与个人满足感的结合。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In Glassdoor’s survey of more than 1,000 U. S. professionals, a striking 68% of
Gen Zrespondents said they wouldn’t pursue management if it weren’t for paycheck or title, signaling a rejection of
the traditional corporate climb favored by previous generations and a belief that management is something of a
poisonous chalice (圣杯). ( 在对1000多名美国专业人员进行的一项Glassdoor调查中，高达68%的Gen Z受
访者表示，如果不是为了薪水或头衔，他们不会追求管理职位，这表明他们拒绝了几代人所推崇的传统企
业晋升道路，并相信管理职位有点像一个有毒的圣杯。)”以及第三段提到“The survey, however, is
somewhat at odds with other data collected by Glassdoor. Daniel Zhao, chief economist for the company, told
Fortune that an earlier report had found Gen Z entering the ranks of management at the same rates as older
generations did. (然而，这项调查与Glassdoor收集的其他数据有些不一致。该公司首席经济学家Daniel
Zhao告诉《财富》杂志，早先的一份报告发现，Z世代进入管理层的人数与年长一代的比例相同。)”，前
文说新调查显示Z世代对管理职位的态度，这里Daniel Zhao的话给出了与新调查不同的早先报告的情况，
也就是提供了关于该调查的另一个视角。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“They are hungry for coaching and welcome in-office collaboration (他们渴望得
到指导，并欢迎办公室内的合作)”可知，典型的Z世代会寻求长辈的指导。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第六段“Side hustles are central to Gen Z’s identity, offering creative or activist outlets
that main jobs cannot supply. For many, the “day job” simply finances the “passion project” — as one Glassdoor
community member put it: “I always joke that I don’t dream of labor (副业对于 Z 世代而言至关重要，它们为
他们提供了不同于本职工作、更具创意或更具参与性的表达方式。对许多人而言，“日常工作”仅仅是为
了支撑起“热爱之事”所需的资金——正如一位 Glassdoor 社区成员所说：“我总是开玩笑说，我从未想
过要从事一份工作……”)”可知，副业为Z世代人 提供了更具创意或更具参考性的表达方式，同时也提供
了激情 ，因此Z世代在副业中考虑的因素有个人的身份认同和灵活性。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“They’re not rejecting ambition — they’re redirecting it toward sustainable
career paths that prioritize both financial security and personal fulfillment. (他们并没有拒绝野心——他们正在将
野心转向可持续的职业道路，这条道路既重视经济保障，也重视个人成就感。)”可知，Z世代定义的职业
成功是既重视经济保障，也重视个人成就感即以有意义的方式赚钱。故选A。主题02 人与社会——科普知识
Passage 1
（2026・四川广安前锋区）
Have you ever wondered why certain songs or paintings feel deeply satisfying? Language expert Jay Keyser’s
research finds that repetition makes art speak to us.
Artists like jazz musician Duke Ellington and painter Andy Warhol purposefully use repetition — not simply
as copying, but as a clever “same, but different” skill. In Ellington’s Satin Doll, for example, the rhythm repeats
while the notes stay high or low, and the song’s words mirror this pattern. Warhol’s soup cans appear alike at first
sight, yet each design changes a little. This skill called “same/except” by Jay Keyser in his book Play it again,
Sam — makes art feel richer and more pleasant to our brains.
Interestingly, discovering repetition brings much more. Consider a photograph of the US city of Albuquerque
that is often discussed for its meaning. Look closer, and you may find that a dog sits in the center with a street sign
shadow to its right copying its shape. Recognizing this hidden pattern, as Keyser suggests, repays us with unexpected
pleasure and more. Training our eyes to notice such patterns — whether in poetry, paintings or songs — unlocks new
meaning.
Why does repetition create such a connection? According to Keyser, science offers an answer: the mere
exposure effect (单纯曝光效应). Just as a baby grows fond of a mother’s face through repeated sights, we naturally
develop a liking for familiar patterns. Advertisers use this by repeating product names to build trust. Artists harness it
too — Warhol’s repeated cans or a song’s repeated catchy parts make us feel comforted and connected.
Keyser shows great art works with the brain’s makeup. When artists repeat certain parts with changes, the art
is in line with how our minds seek order, expect patterns, and gain joy from “finding” connections — though we are
not aware of it. By studying how artists skillfully apply the “same/except” skill across mediums, and by connecting
these choices with science, we gain the key to admiring creativity’s universal magic. This makes everyday experiences
with music, paintings, and words much richer.
1．What does the “same/except” skill focus on?
A．Non-traditional artistic styles.
B．Combining different art forms.
C．Repetition with slight variations.
D．Breaking all patterns completely.
2．What does the example of the Albuquerque photo highlight?
A．Fun designs attract more attention.B．Admiring street art lifts one’s spirits.
C．Repetition enriches art experiences.
D．Famous art deserves lasting discussion.
3．What does the underlined word “harness” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Take advantage of. B．Turn down.
C．Have control of. D．Make out.
4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?
A．Art sometimes matches our mindset.
B．Science explains artistic techniques.
C．Artists use repetition unconsciously.
D．Creativity is the key to admiring art.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章通过引用语言专家Jay Keyser的研究，结合艺术家案例和科学原理，解
释“重复”在艺术中的作用及背后逻辑。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Artists like jazz musician Duke Ellington and painter Andy Warhol
purposefully use repetition — not simply as copying, but as a clever “same, but different” skill. (爵士乐演奏家
Duke Ellington和画家Andy Warhol这样的艺术家，会有意地运用重复手法——这并非简单的模仿行为，而
是一种巧妙的“相同，但不同”的技巧。)”以及后文的例子“In Ellington’s Satin Doll, for example, the
rhythm repeats while the notes stay high or low, and the song’s words mirror this pattern. Warhol’s soup cans
appear alike at first sight, yet each design changes a little. This skill called “same/except” by Jay Keyser in his book
Play it again, Sam — makes art feel richer and more pleasant to our brains. (例如，在Ellington的《Satin Doll》
中，节奏不断重复，而音符则保持在高音或低音位置，歌曲的词也遵循了这种模式。Warhol的罐头图案乍
一看都很相似，但每个设计又略有不同。Jay Keyser在其著作《Play it again, Sam》中称这一技巧为“同中
存异”（same/except）它让艺术作品显得更加丰富，也更能让我们的大脑感到愉悦)”可知，“同中存异”
（same/except）技巧的核心是重复中带有轻微变化。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, discovering repetition brings much more. Consider a photograph
of the US city of Albuquerque that is often discussed for its meaning. Look closer, and you may find that a dog sits
in the center with a street sign shadow to its right copying its shape. Recognizing this hidden pattern, as Keyser
suggests, repays us with unexpected pleasure and more. Training our eyes to notice such patterns — whether in
poetry, paintings or songs — unlocks new meaning.(有趣的是，发现重复现象所带来的益处远不止于此。不妨
看看一张关于美国阿尔伯克基市的照片——这张照片的深层含义一直备受讨论。凑近观察，你会发现照片中央坐着一只狗，而它右侧的路牌影子，恰好复刻了狗的轮廓。正如Keyser所指出的，认识到这种隐藏的
模式会给我们带来意想不到的愉悦感以及更多的收获。训练我们的目光去留意这类模式——无论是在诗歌、
绘画还是歌曲中——都能开启新的意义)”可知，该段以照片为例，是为了论证“发现重复能带来额外价
值”，包括意外的愉悦感和新的意义，由此可知，以Albuquerque照片为例，强调了重复丰富了艺术体验。
故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词上文“According to Keyser, science offers an answer: the mere exposure
effect (单纯曝光效应). (根据Keyser的观点，科学给出了答案：单纯曝光效应)”、“Advertisers use this by
repeating product names to build trust.(广告商通过重复产品名称来建立信任)”以及划线词所在句“Artists
harness it too — Warhol’s repeated cans or a song’s repeated catchy parts make us feel comforted and connected.
(艺术家们也harness 它——Warhol重复的罐子或一首歌重复的朗朗上口的部分让我们感到安慰和联系)”可
知，广告商和艺术家都利用了单纯曝光效应，harness 与文中“use”同义，表示“利用”，与选项中Take
advantage of意思一致。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Keyser shows great art works with the brain’ makeup. When artists repeat
certain parts with changes, the art is in line with how our minds seek order, expect patterns, and gain joy from
“finding” connections — though we are not aware of it. By studying how artists skillfully apply the “same/except”
skill across mediums, and by connecting these choices with science, we gain the key to admiring creativity’s
universal magic. This makes everyday experiences with music, paintings, and words much richer.(Keyser指出，
伟大的艺术作品与人类的大脑构造相契合。当艺术家在重复某些元素的同时加入变化时，这类艺术便与我
们大脑的运作方式不谋而合——我们的大脑会不自觉地寻求秩序、期待规律，并从“发现”事物间的关联
中获得愉悦，只是我们自己并未察觉这一点。通过研究艺术家如何巧妙地在不同艺术媒介中运用“同中存
异”（same/except）的技巧，并将这些创作选择与科学原理相结合，我们便能掌握欣赏创造力所蕴含的普
世魅力的关键。这使得我们在日常生活中接触音乐、绘画与文字时，能获得远比以往更丰富的体验)”可知，
最后一段首句点明主旨：伟大艺术作品与大脑的构成相契合，并指出艺术（通过重复与变化的手法）与人
类大脑的认知方式（寻求秩序、期待模式、从发现联系中获得快乐）一致。由此可知，最后一段主要告诉
我们“艺术有时与我们的思维模式一致”。故选A。
Passage 2
（2026・四川泸州泸县）
There is plenty we don’t know about criminal behavior. Most crime goes unreported so it I hard to pick out
trends from the data, and even reliable sets of statistics can be difficult to compare. But here is one thing we do know:
those with a biological predisposition to violent behavior who are brought up in abusive homes are very likely tobecome lifelong criminals.
Antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, but no one was sure whether this was due mostly to
social-environmental factors or biological ones. It turns out both are important, but the effect is most dramatic
when they act together. This has been illustrated in several studies over the past six years which found that male
victims of child abuse are several times as likely to become criminals and abusers themselves if they were born with a
less-active version of a gene for the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) , which breaks down neurotransmitters
crucial to the regulation of aggression.
Researchers recently made another key observation: kids with this “double whammy” of predisposition and
an unfortunate upbringing are likely to show signs of what’s to come at a very early age. The risk factors for long-
term criminality-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low IQ, language difficulties-can be spotted in kindergarten.
So given what we now know, shouldn't we be doing everything to protect the children most at risk?
No one is suggesting testing all boys to see which variant of the MAO-A gene they have, but what the science is
telling us is that we should redouble efforts to tackle abusive upbringing, and even simple neglect. This will help any
child, but especially those whose biology makes them vulnerable. Thankfully there is already considerable enthusiasm
in both the US and the UK for converting the latest in behavioral science into parenting and social skills: both
governments have schemes in place to improve parenting in families where children are at risk of receiving poor
care.
Some people are uncomfortable with the idea of early intervention because it implies our behavior becomes
“set” as we grow up, compromising the idea of free will. That view is understandable, but it would be negligent to
ignore what the studies are telling us. Indeed, the cost to society of failing to intervene-in terms of criminal damage,
dealing with offenders and helping victims of crime-is bound to be greater than the cost of improving parenting. The
value to the children is immeasurable.
5．It seems that researchers try to explain violent behavior ______.
A．in terms of physical environment
B．from a biological perspective
C．based on the empirical data
D．in a strictly statistical way
6．When we say that antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, we mean that ______.
A．a particular gene may be passed on in families
B．child abuse will lead to domestic violence
C．the male victims of child abuse will pass on the tendencyD．the violent predisposition is closely related to child abuse
7．Based on the recent observation, what should be done to check the development of antisocial and criminal
behavior?
A．Boys should be screened for the biological predisposition.
B．High-risk kids should be brought up in kindergarten.
C．Genes for the risk factors should be accurately determined.
D．Active measures ought to be taken at an early age.
8．What does the author emphasize in defending early intervention?
A．The immeasurable value of furthering the current research.
B．The consequences of compromising democracy.
C．The relatively easy solution to improving parenting skills.
D．The greater cost of failing to tackle the known issue.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明生物遗传（如 MAO-A 基因）与虐待环境共同作用易致犯罪，故需早
期干预保护高风险儿童。
5．细节理解题。 根据第二段“It turns out both are important, but the effect is most dramatic when they act
together. This has been illustrated in several studies over the past six years which found that male victims of child
abuse are several times as likely to become criminals and abusers themselves if they were born with a less-active
version of a gene for the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) , which breaks down neurotransmitters crucial to
the regulation of aggression. (事实证明，两者都很重要，但当它们共同作用时，效果最为显著。过去六年的
几项研究表明了这一点，这些研究发现，如果虐待儿童的男性受害者出生时携带的单胺氧化酶a（MAO-
a）基因活性较低，他们自己成为罪犯和虐待者的可能性是其他人的几倍，MAO-a可以分解对调节攻击性
至关重要的神经递质。)”可知，研究者通过基因（MAO-A）与环境的共同作用解释暴力行为，核心角度是
生物学因素。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。 根据第二段第一句“Antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, but no one was
sure whether this was due mostly to social-environmental factors or biological ones. (反社会和犯罪行为往往在家
族中流传，但没人确定这主要是由于社会环境因素还是生物因素。)”以及后文对MAO-A基因遗传性的描
述可知，“run in families”在此指特定基因（如 MAO-A）可能通过家族遗传，导致行为倾向的传递。故选
A项。
7．推理判断题。 根据第三段“Researchers recently made another key observation: kids with this ‘double
whammy’ of predisposition and an unfortunate upbringing are likely to show signs of what’s to come at a veryearly age. The risk factors for long-term criminality-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low IQ, language
difficulties-can be spotted in kindergarten. So given what we now know, shouldn't we be doing everything to
protect the children most at risk? (研究人员最近进行了另一项关键观察：具有这种‘双重打击’倾向和不幸
成长经历的孩子很可能在很小的时候就表现出即将发生的事情的迹象。长期犯罪、注意力缺陷多动障碍、
低智商、语言困难的危险因素可以在幼儿园发现。因此，鉴于我们现在所知道的情况，我们难道不应该尽
一切努力保护处境最危险的儿童吗？)”可知，早期干预是关键措施。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Indeed, the cost to society of failing to intervene-in terms of criminal damage,
dealing with offenders and helping victims of crime-is bound to be greater than the cost of improving parenting.
(事实上，在刑事损害、与罪犯打交道和帮助犯罪受害者方面不进行干预对社会造成的成本必然大于改善育
儿的成本。)”可知，作者强调不采取早期干预的社会成本更高，以此支持干预的必要性。故选D项。
Passage 3
（2026・四川眉山仁寿）
From tiny hummingbirds (蜂鸟) to giant whooping cranes, roughly half of the world’s more than 10,000 bird
species migrate (迁徙). Longer wings and powerful flying muscles often help these birds cross vast expanses of air.
But a study of nearly all bird species suggests many migrators share another unexpected flight aid: lighter-colored
feathers.
Being a bit more lightly colored than non-migrating birds may help these long-distance fliers stay cool as they
work hard under the hot sun to fly, researchers report December 6 in Current Biology.
It’s known that color can help birds hide from predators (捕食者) by blending in, or attract mates by standing
out. But color has subtle effects too, including regulating temperature by absorbing or reflecting light, says Kaspar
Delhey, an expert at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany. For example, bird eggs laid in colder
climates tend to be darker, which may help keep them warm.
Migrating birds push their bodies to the physiological limit, which creates much heat. Some species cope by
rising to cooler air during daytime. “If overheating is a problem in migratory birds, another way of dealing with that
would be to evolve lighter colors that absorb less heat,” Delhey says.
Delhey and his colleagues analyzed over 20,000 illustrations of 10,618 bird species, ranking feather lightness
for each species and comparing that with how far the birds fly. On average, lightness slightly increased with migratory
distance, the team found. The longest-distance migrators were about 4 percent lighter than non-migrators, an effect
that wasn’t explained by size, climate or habitat type for different species.
“It’s not a big difference,” Delhey says, noting that many migrators are darkly colored, perhaps for reasonsunrelated to flight. But the trend was remarkably consistent.“Very different groups with very different biologies show
this pattern,” Delhey says.“That surprised us.”
9．Which of the following ignored previously help migratory birds fly?
A．Longer wings. B．Vast expanses of air.
C．Lighter-colored feathers. D．Powerful flying muscles.
10．What does the underlined word “subtle” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Smart. B．Terrible. C．Ambiguous. D．Tender.
11．How do migrating birds deal with overheating in them?
A．By evolving lighter colors. B．By reaching bodies’ limit.
C．By flying higher to the sky. D．By absorbing more lights.
12．What can be inferred from Delhey’s study?
A．10,618 bird species fly over a long distance altogether.
B．Species of migrating birds’ feathers vary significantly.
C．Migrators with dark feathers are clearly related to flight.
D．Migratory distance can be judged by feathers’ lightness.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．A 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，许多迁徙候鸟身上颜色较浅的羽毛有助于帮助飞
行。
9．细节理解题。由第一段中的“But a study of nearly all bird species suggests many migrators share another
unexpected flight aid: lighter-colored feathers. (但一项对几乎所有鸟类的研究表明，许多迁徙候鸟都有另一种
意想不到的助飞物：颜色较浅的羽毛)”可知，颜色较浅的羽毛有助于候鸟飞行。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。由第三段中的“But color has subtle effects too, including regulating temperature by
absorbing or reflecting light, says Kaspar Delhey, an expert at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in
Germany. (但是颜色也有subtle 影响，包括通过吸收或反射光线来调节温度，德国马克斯·普朗克鸟类研究
所的专家卡斯帕·德尔希说)”可知，颜色可以通过吸收或反射光线来“调节温度”，这很智能化，subtle在
此处意为“智能的（Smart）”。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。由第四段中的“If overheating is a problem in migratory birds, another way of dealing with
that would be to evolve lighter colors that absorb less heat (如果候鸟过热是一个问题，另一种解决方法是进化
出吸收较少热量的更浅的颜色)”可知，候鸟通过进化出更浅的颜色来应对体内过热。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“On average, lightness slightly increased with migratory distance, the
team found. The longest-distance migrators were about 4 percent lighter than non-migrators, an effect that wasn’texplained by size, climate or habitat type for different species. (研究小组发现，平均而言，随着迁徙距离的增
加，羽毛颜色会越来越浅。距离最远的候鸟比非候鸟羽毛颜色淡约4%，这一影响不能用不同物种的大小、
气候或栖息地类型来解释)”可知，随着迁徙距离的增加，羽毛颜色会越来越浅。由此推知，出迁徙距离可
以通过羽毛的颜色亮度程度来判断。故选D项。
主题03 人与自然——环境保护
Passage 1
（2026・四川广安）
Countless thousands of city dwellers in Britain and elsewhere have, in the past two years, become acutely
aware of the green spaces in their midst. Indeed, many people only discovered them during lockdowns, when escaping
to the great outdoors was a vital factor in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing.
Many south Londoners who have found solace in nature owe thanks to campaigners who, over the past 40
years and more, have put pressure on local and national bodies to protect precious green space. Although it is hard to
envisage today, until the end of the 18th century extensive oak woodlands stretched for some seven miles across what
is now suburban south London. What remains of them is the nearest ancient woodland to central London.
Ancient woodland, as defined by the government agency Natural England, is land on which the tree cover
has been in continuous existence since 1600; before that date, plantation was rare, so woods that existed in 1600 are
considered to have developed naturally. According to the Woodland Trust, ancient woodland covers just 2.5 per cent
of the land area of England and Wales.
The Ancient Woodland Inventory, set up by the Nature Conservancy Council in 1981 and maintained by
Natural England, says some 7 per cent of ancient woodland that was present in 1930 has been grubbed up for farming
or other uses, and 38 per cent has been replaced with plantations, often of single-species conifers that offer little
diversity of habitat.
The reasons the old North Wood survived for so long when surrounding areas were converted to farmland
was that the steep terrain was unsuitable for arable or pasture, and because it lay on the sparsely populated margins
of several parishes. It was also a valuable economic resource: for at least a millennium, the wood was intensely
cultivated to provide timber, for furniture, tools and shipbuilding and charcoal for London’s blacksmiths, bakeries
and brick and tilekilns.
1．Why did campaigners put pressure on local and national bodies according to the second paragraph?
A．To demand more gyms for public exercise.B．To protect existing green spaces from destruction.
C．To request open spaces for planting new vegetation.
D．To promote the development of suburban housing.
2．What does the underlined phrase “grubbed up” in Paragraph 4 most likely mean?
A．Use up natural resources.
B．Dig out and remove completely.
C．Take up quickly for development.
D．Preserve carefully for the future.
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．British people have long been aware of the importance of green space protection.
B．The ancient woodland nearest to central London is entirely made up of conifers.
C．The replacement of ancient woodland with single-species plantations has harmed habitat diversity.
D．Only 7% of ancient woodland present in 1930 remains today.
4．Why did the old North Wood survive for so long according to the passage?
A．Its steep land was unsuitable for farming or animal grazing.
B．It was located in a densely populated and well-protected area.
C．The government had listed it as a protected area very early.
D．Local residents jointly prevented any external development.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍伦敦南部古林地的现状、定义及北古林幸存原因，凸显古林地保护
的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Many south Londoners who have found solace in nature owe thanks to
campaigners who, over the past 40 years and more, have put pressure on local and national bodies to protect
precious green space.(许多在大自然中寻求慰藉的伦敦南部居民要感谢活动家们，他们在过去40多年里一直
向地方和国家机构施压，要求保护珍贵的绿地)”可知，活动家向地方和国家机构施压是为了保护现有的绿
地不被破坏。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The Ancient Woodland Inventory, set up by the Nature Conservancy Council in
1981 and maintained by Natural England, says some 7 per cent of ancient woodland that was present in 1930 has
been grubbed up for farming or other uses, and 38 per cent has been replaced with plantations, often of single-
species conifers that offer little diversity of habitat.(这份由自然保护委员会于 1981 年设立、并由英格兰自然
署负责维护的《古林地清单》显示，1930 年存在的古林地中，约有 7% 已被grubbed up用于农业或其他用途，38% 则被人工林取代——这些人工林通常为单一物种的针叶林，几乎无法提供多样化的栖息地)”可
知，此处与“被替换为种植园”并列，应是古林地被破坏的一种情况，结合“用于农业或其他用途”可猜
测，grubbed up意为“彻底挖掘移除”，与Dig out and remove completely意思相近。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The Ancient Woodland Inventory, set up by the Nature Conservancy Council in
1981 and maintained by Natural England, says some 7 per cent of ancient woodland that was present in 1930 has
been grubbed up for farming or other uses, and 38 per cent has been replaced with plantations, often of single-
species conifers that offer little diversity of habitat.(这份由自然保护委员会于 1981 年设立、并由英格兰自然
署负责维护的《古林地清单》显示，1930 年存在的古林地中，约有 7% 已被彻底清理用于农业或其他用
途，38% 则被人工林取代——这些人工林通常为单一物种的针叶林，几乎无法提供多样化的栖息地)””可
推断，用单一物种种植园替代古林地损害了栖息地的多样性。故选C项。
4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The reasons the old North Wood survived for so long when surrounding
areas were converted to farmland was that the steep terrain was unsuitable for arable or pasture, and because it lay
on the sparsely populated margins of several parishes.(在周边地区都被改造成农田的情况下，这片古老的北木
森林之所以能存续如此之久，原因在于其地势陡峭，不适合耕种或放牧，同时也因为它地处多个教区人口
稀少的边缘地带)”可知，北古林能长期幸存是因为其陡峭的土地不适合耕种或放牧。故选A项。
Passage 2
（2026・四川巴中・高三一模）
With rapid advances in medicine, human doctors can perform amputations, or removal of an arm or leg after
a serious injury to prevent infection or disease, significantly improving chances of survival. But humans are not alone
in doing them. New research shows that Florida carpenter ants can do the same.
Scientists said they observed these ants treating injured ants in two ways. They either cleaned the wound using
their mouthparts or amputated the limb, or leg, by biting it off. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated.
When it was further down, they never amputated.
Frank, the lead writer of the research, said that the study describes for the first time how a non-human animal
uses amputations on another individual to save their life. He mentioned that the ants’ “medical system” to care for
the injured is the most sophisticated in the animal kingdom and compares well to human medicine.
The researchers studied injuries to the upper part of the leg, the femur, and the lower part, the tibia. Frank said
how the ants decide between amputating the leg or spending more time caring for the wound is unknown, but they
do know why the treatment differs, which has to do with the flow of hemolymph (血淋巴). Injuries further down the
leg have an increased hemolymph flow and harmful bacteria can enter the body within five minutes. An amputationwould not help infection after that time. Injuries further up the leg have a much slower hemolymph flow, giving
enough time for timely and effective amputations which needs at least 40 minutes and sometimes more than three
hours. The study found that after an upper leg injury, an ant amputated has a survival rate of over 90%. For lower one
where just cleaning was performed, the survival rate was about 75%.
So why do ants do these amputations? Just to save resources! Frank noted that if an ant could be saved with
little effort to remain productive, there is a very high value of doing so. But for a heavily injured individual, the ants
will just leave her behind to die.
5．Why are amputations by human doctors mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A．To illustrate the humans’ rapid developments in medicine.
B．To emphasize the significance of amputations in saving lives.
C．To bring up the same amazing capacity of ants.
D．To show the detailed process of amputations.
6．What did the choice of care depend on?
A．The severity of the injury. B．The location of the injury.
C．The type of the injury. D．The curability of the injury.
7．What can we infer from Frank’s words in Paragraph 3?
A．The “medical system” of ants is the most sophisticated in the animal kingdom.
B．This is the first time that amputations on other individuals have been described.
C．Amputations in ant world are as impressive as that in human world.
D．Both ants and humans are willing to care for the injured.
8．Which can best describe the amputation of Florida carpenter ants?
A．Efficient. B．One-of-a-kind. C．Cost-effective. D．Innovative.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗里达木匠蚁具备像人类一样为同伴截肢的能力，以及其
截肢行为的特点、原因和生存效果。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“With rapid advances in medicine, human doctors can perform amputations,
or removal of an arm or leg after a serious injury to prevent infection or disease, significantly improving chances of
survival. But humans are not alone in doing them. New research shows that Florida carpenter ants can do the same.
(随着医学的飞速发展，人类医生可以进行截肢手术，即在严重受伤后切除手臂或腿部以预防感染或疾病，
显著提高存活率。但并非只有人类会这样做。新研究表明，佛罗里达木匠蚁也能做到这一点)”可推知，提
及人类医生的截肢手术，是为了引出蚂蚁也具备同样令人惊叹的截肢能力。故选C项。6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further
down, they never amputated.(当伤口在腿的上部时，它们总是会截肢。当伤口在腿的下部时，它们从不截
肢)”可知，蚂蚁的护理选择取决于受伤的位置。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He mentioned that the ants’ “medical system” to care for the injured is the
most sophisticated in the animal kingdom and compares well to human medicine.(他提到，蚂蚁照顾伤者的“医
疗系统”是动物界中最复杂的，可与人类医学相媲美)”可推知，弗兰克认为蚂蚁世界的截肢行为与人类世
界的一样令人惊叹。故选C项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“So why do ants do these amputations? Just to save resources! Frank noted
that if an ant could be saved with little effort to remain productive, there is a very high value of doing so.(那么蚂蚁
为什么要进行这些截肢手术呢？只是为了节省资源！弗兰克指出，如果能以最小的努力拯救一只蚂蚁，使
其保持生产力，这样做就具有很高的价值)”可推知，蚂蚁的截肢行为是为了节省资源、追求高价值回报，
具有成本效益。故选C项。
Passage 3
（2026・四川合江・高三一模）
Rise with the sun and rest at sunset — this was the way of life for our ancestors. Thanks to artificial light,
which improves visibility at night, we can enjoy a much safer society and around-the-clock productivity. For wildlife,
however, studies have shown it disturbs animals’ natural sleep cycles, affects amphibian (两栖的) reproduction and
throws migrating birds off course.
New research in Frontiers in Plant Science investigated how artificial light impacts plant-insect relationships.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences noticed tree leaves in cities typically showed fewer signs of insect
damage than those outside of cities, so they analyzed 5,500 leaf samples from two tree species throughout Beijing.
Researchers found more artificial light in a given area meant tougher leaves. And the tougher the leaf, the less
evidence of hungry insects. They don’t fully understand why, but assume that trees under artificial light at night might
be extending their photosynthesis (光合作用) time.
“Plants distribute their limited resources, such as nutrients, water and energy, among various functions like
growth, reproduction and defense, depending on the environment. Light can affect how plants use resources,” says
Ellen Cieraad, a plant ecologist from New Zealand. “Since plants use light for growth, artificial night light could be
unnaturally increasing the time trees spend on photosynthesis, allocating more resources to chemical compounds that
make leaves tougher.”
“If the same applied to leaves of other species, this would be bad news for insects,” researchers said. Changes inplants, and in interactions between plants and animals, can significantly impact the entire urban ecosystem. Herbivorous
insects, which rely on leaves for food, may struggle to survive, disrupting the food chain. Fewer herbivorous insects
could lead to declines in predators like birds, affecting biodiversity. Insects also play vital roles as pollinators (传粉
媒介) and eat decaying plants, helping to break down leaves and returning nutrients to soil. In cities, healthy soil and
healthy plant life supported by insects are good for humans, as plants provide shade and reduce heat trapped in cities.
Moving forward, researchers are committed to refining their discovery, aiming to guide people to take corresponding
actions.
9．What influence does artificial light bring according to the text?
A．It toughens tree leaves.
B．It shortens animals’ sleep hours.
C．It illuminates birds’ migrating routes.
D．It increases amphibian reproduction rates.
10．Why is Ellen Cieraad quoted in paragraph 3?
A．To raise a concern. B．To introduce a concept.
C．To support an assumption. D．To clarify a misunderstanding.
11．Which of the following best summarizes the phenomenon in paragraph 4?
A．Time heals all wounds. B．Nature always finds a way.
C．A chain is as strong as its weakest link. D．A small move may affect the bigger picture.
12．What will the following research probably focus on?
A．Approaches to enhancing soil quality.
B．Ways of improving urban biodiversity.
C．Standards for selecting plant species in cities.
D．Solutions to reducing impacts of nighttime light.
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人造光对人类有益，但会干扰野生动物的自然睡眠周期，新研究
还发现它会使树叶变硬，影响城市生态系统。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers found more artificial light in a given area meant tougher leaves.
(研究人员发现，特定区域的人造光越多，树叶就越坚硬)”可知，人造光会使树叶变硬。故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“They don’t fully understand why, but assume that trees under artificial light at
night might be extending their photosynthesis (光合作用) time. (他们并不完全明白原因，但推测夜间处于人造
光下的树木可能会延长它们的光合作用时间)”和第三段中引用Ellen Cieraad的话“Since plants use light forgrowth, artificial night light could be unnaturally increasing the time trees spend on photosynthesis, allocating more
resources to chemical compounds that make leaves tougher. (由于植物利用光进行生长，夜间人造光可能会不
自然地增加树木进行光合作用的时间，将更多的资源分配到使树叶更坚硬的化合物上)”可推知，引用Ellen
Cieraad的话是为了支持第二段中研究人员的假设。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Changes in plants, and in interactions between plants and animals, can
significantly impact the entire urban ecosystem. Herbivorous insects, which rely on leaves for food, may struggle to
survive, disrupting the food chain. Fewer herbivorous insects could lead to declines in predators like birds,
affecting biodiversity. (植物的变化以及植物与动物之间相互作用的变化，会对整个城市生态系统产生重大影
响。以树叶为食的食草昆虫可能难以生存，从而破坏食物链。食草昆虫数量的减少可能会导致鸟类等捕食
者数量的减少，影响生物多样性)”描述的现象可知，植物和动物间的小变化会影响整个城市生态系统，即
小的变动可能会影响大局。故D项“A small move may affect the bigger picture.(一个小小的变动可能会影响
大局)”能概括该段现象。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据前文提到人造光对生态系统的诸多影响和最后一段中“Moving forward, researchers
are committed to refining their discovery, aiming to guide people to take corresponding actions. (未来，研究人员
致力于完善他们的发现，旨在引导人们采取相应的行动)”可推断，后续研究可能会关注减少夜间人造光影
响的解决方案。故选D项。
Passage 4
（2026・四川攀枝花・高三一模）
Researcher Rujia Hu said wildlife habitat in crowded places like south Ohio is becoming increasingly
fragmented (碎片化的) as forests give way to new construction. Eventually, this could make trouble to animals like
Ohio pileated woodpecker.
Pileated woodpeckers have the nickname carpenter birds for their never-ending natural woodworking. They
peck out holes in trees for their nests every year, creating lots of valuable homes for animals like foxes, squirrels and
owls. “They make new nests every year. They won’t reuse old ones,” Hu said. “Other animals depend on them.”
Pileated woodpeckers are private birds that are more often heard than seen. Studying them can be especially
difficult. So Hu turned to citizen science for help. To identify where woodpeckers have been seen, she used eight
years of sightings collected by birders and logged into the website eBird, a free online tool and app that anyone can
use to record their observations and locations. She overlaid these sightings with remote sensing (遥感) data and found
that corridors along rivers with abundant mature trees and deadwood helped the birds adjust to their increasingly
fragmented urban landscape.“With fragmented forests, many habitats that were once suitable for wildlife are broken up,” Hu said. “Wildlife
is unable to find habitat big enough to meet their survival needs. And even if there are suitable habitats, the distance
between them can be too great. Wildlife corridors link up these small habitat areas. Since wildlife can travel and
migrate from one area to another, the probability of finding food and shelter is higher.”
“There are so many species in urban areas that we don’t pay attention to, especially when they’re not considered
endangered,” Hu said. “With development gradually destroying more forest in this crowded county, the tipping
point (临界点) could come quickly and unexpectedly. You can’t fix it overnight. It’s not just about planting more
trees. The birds need mature forest, so it could take 30 to 50 years to replace their habitat. At least we can protect
these riverside forest corridors and see that existing trees reach maturity.”
13．Why do pileated woodpeckers have the nickname carpenter birds?
A．They make tree holes for new homes year after year.
B．They create valuable homes for other animals.
C．They are often heard but not seen by people.
D．They are good at making wood construction.
14．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．The effect of Hu’s research. B．The process of Hu’s research.
C．The hardship of Hu’s research. D．The application of technology.
15．What role do wildlife corridors play for birds?
A．Ensuring them a stable and safe habitat.
B．Making them adjust to deadwood quickly.
C．Providing them with enough food for survival.
D．Helping them survive in the fragmented landscape.
16．What does Hu imply in the last paragraph?
A．Kill two birds with one stone. B．Be wise after the event.
C．Prepare for a rainy day. D．Think twice before you act.
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了野生动物栖息地碎片化问题，以俄亥俄州啄木鸟为例，介绍
了其栖息地面临的困境、研究过程、野生动物走廊的作用，以及研究者对保护栖息地的建议。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Pileated woodpeckers have the nickname carpenter birds for their never-ending
natural woodworking. They peck out holes in trees for their nests every year, creating lots of valuable homes for
animals like foxes, squirrels and owls. “They make new nests every year. They won’t reuse old ones,” Hu said.“Other animals depend on them.” (啄木鸟因其永无止境的自然木工活而被昵称为木匠鸟。它们每年都在树上
啄洞筑巢，为狐狸、松鼠和猫头鹰等动物创造了许多有价值的家园。“它们每年都会筑新巢。它们不会重
复使用旧的巢穴，”胡说。“其他动物依赖它们。” ) ”可知，啄木鸟每年都会在树上啄洞筑新巢，所以
被称为木匠鸟。故选A项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Studying them can be especially difficult. So Hu turned to citizen science for
help. To identify where woodpeckers have been seen, she used eight years of sightings collected by birders and
logged into the website eBird, a free online tool and app that anyone can use to record their observations and
locations. She overlaid these sightings with remote sensing (遥感) data and found that corridors along rivers with
abundant mature trees and deadwood helped the birds adjust to their increasingly fragmented urban landscape. (研
究它们尤其困难。于是胡向公民科学寻求帮助。为了确定啄木鸟的出没地点，她使用了鸟类观察者收集并
登录到eBird网站的八年观测数据，eBird是一个免费的在线工具和应用程序，任何人都可以用它来记录自
己的观察结果和位置。她将这些观测结果与遥感数据叠加，发现河流沿岸有大量成熟树木和枯木的走廊有
助于鸟类适应日益碎片化的城市景观。)”可知，本段主要介绍了胡的研究过程，包括借助公民科学、使用
观测数据和遥感数据等。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段“With fragmented forests, many habitats that were once suitable for wildlife are
broken up. “Wildlife is unable to find habitat big enough to meet their survival needs. And even if there are suitable
habitats, the distance between them can be too great. Wildlife corridors link up these small habitat areas. Since
wildlife can travel and migrate from one area to another, the probability of finding food and shelter is higher.” (随
着森林的碎片化，许多曾经适合野生动物的栖息地被破坏。“野生动物无法找到足够大的栖息地来满足它
们的生存需求。即使有合适的栖息地，它们之间的距离也可能太大。野生动物走廊将这些小栖息地连接起
来。由于野生动物可以从一个地区迁移到另一个地区，因此找到食物和住所的可能性更高。”)可知，野生
动物走廊将碎片化的栖息地连接起来，帮助鸟类在碎片化的景观中生存。故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are so many species in urban areas that we don’t pay attention to,
especially when they’re not considered endangered. “With development gradually destroying more forest in this
crowded county, the tipping point (临界点) could come quickly and unexpectedly. You can’t fix it overnight. It’s
not just about planting more trees. The birds need mature forest, so it could take 30 to 50 years to replace their
habitat. At least we can protect these riverside forest corridors and see that existing trees reach maturity.” (城市地
区有很多物种我们没有注意到，尤其是当它们不被认为濒危时。“随着发展逐渐破坏这个拥挤的县里更多
的森林，临界点可能会迅速而意外地到来。你不可能在一夜之间解决这个问题。这不仅仅是种更多的树。
这些鸟需要成熟的森林，所以可能需要30到50年才能取代它们的栖息地。至少我们可以保护这些河边森林走廊，确保现有的树木成熟。”)”可知，胡认为随着发展森林被破坏，临界点可能很快到来，而且恢复
栖息地需要很长时间，所以可以保护河边森林走廊，确保现有树木成熟，提前做好准备，未雨绸缪。故选
C项。