听力能力分析
目录
前言 1
正文 2
短对话 3
长对话及较长对话 6
独白6
结尾 4
附属 4
前言：首先探讨题型难度，在听力考察中为口头语言能力的测试。口头语言不像书面语言一样，它的结果
没有书面严谨，且句子呼短呼长、重复率高、冗杂信息多等。在根据《中国高考评价体系》中要求考生能
听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。但是好在听力基本不会有超纲词汇，但会出现陌生人
名及地名/街道。在考试难度选材方面，听力都是来源于生活。体现生活日常的重要性。听力选材主要涉
及生活日常、文化教育、风土人情、事实等。在新文献中提现出根据学生的学习需求和现实语言使用情境，
设计更加贴近实际的听力题型，提高学生的听力实践能力和语言运用能力。其中高考题型有八大类（1.场
景方向题 2.推理判断题 3.观点态度题 4.人物身份关系题 5.行为判断题 6.时间数字题 7.因果关系题 8.
主旨要义题）。在做题时我们需具备以下能力【（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；
（3）对所听内容作出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度；（5）对谈话地点、时间等的推测；
（6） 数字判断和简单计算；（7）对谈话者职业、身份及关系的推测；（8）对谈话中行为动作的推
测。】再来探讨题型设计，在《 普通高中英语课程标准（ 2 017 年版 2 020 修订） 》中有所体现。我们将目
标可能包括培养学生的听力理解能力、语音语调辨别能力、听取关键信息的能力等。通过分析题型设计和
目标，可以揭示教材在听力教学中的重点和侧重点。在难度方面听力部分独白和为四小题组成的较长对话
为中等，但是与其他简单的题型来看都是同等分值（每小题1.5分）。
听力能力包括下面俩个方面：
1、 理解明示的信息：（1）理解主旨大意（2）听懂重要信息或细节（3）理解说话入明确表达
的观点、态度或感情等；
2、 理解隐含的意义：（1）推断语调、单词、短语或句子所表达的隐含含义（2）推断话语的交际功能和交际语境（3）推断说话人的观点、态度或情感等。
正文：
(一)、短对话
Ⅰ.能力分析
1. 高考中的短对话题量为五道，难度适中。主要考察考生对日常口语交流的理解能力和英语口语的实际应
用能力，考生应该注重平时的口语训练和听力练习，提高自己的听力水平和应对能力。
2. 掌握短对话中的重要信息和具体细节。这需要学生听懂对话中的人物、时间、地点、事件等具体信息,同
时理解数字、时间等详细信息。
3. 理解短对话中的词汇和语法。这要求学生能听懂和理解对话中使用的生词、短语以及各种时态、语态、
定语从句等语法结构。
4. 理解说话者的态度和意图。这需要学生理解说话者的语气、语调等,判断说话者的态度、意图和观点立场
5. 进行推理和逻辑判断。学生需要利用对话中的信息和上下文进行推理,作出合理的判断和解释。
6. 总结归纳和评价。学生需要根据对话内容总结主题和要点,评价说话者的观点等,展示对对话的深入理解。
7. 理解短对话的主旨和要点。这涉及对话的全面理解,抓住主题和要点。例如理解问题和回答,照应和推理
问题等。
Ⅱ.解题技巧
1.提前预测题目答案类型：在发卷到听力正文时候我们通常有 5分钟时间来审题。了解题目要求是寻找具
体信息、主旨大意还是推理判断。提前预测答案的类型有助于在听录音时更有针对性地捕捉关键信息。
2.关注关键词：在听对话过程中，要关注对话中的关键词。这些关键词通常包括时间、地点、人物、数字、
原因、目的等。通过关键词可以帮助你捕捉到问题的核心信息。
3.抓住对话的情感变化：情感变化常常是理解对话含义的关键。注意捕捉说话者的语气变化、重音、停顿
等，以便更好地理解说话者的意图。
4.注意对话的转折关系：有时候，对话中的转折关系能帮助你找到正确答案。例如，对话中可能会出
现"but"、"however"等转折词，这些词可能意味着关键信息的出现。
5.利用排除法：在选项中，排除与听到信息明显矛盾的选项。然后，根据对话内容进行推断，选出最符合
题意的答案。
6.留意同义替换与概括：答案选项常常使用同义替换或概括的方式呈现，以检验考生对对话理解和词汇运
用能力。注意识别选项中的同义替换和概括，以便准确选择答案。
7.保持冷静与自信：在考试过程中，保持冷静与自信至关重要。相信自己的实力，不要因为一道题目而影
响情绪，严重影响后面的答题表现。Ⅲ.试题案例
1．What will Jack probably do this weekend?
A．Go camping. B．Visit a friend. C．Watch a film.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend?
M: It depends. If it’s sunny, we’ll go.
W: The weatherman says it’s going to rain.
M: In that case, we’ll go to the cinema instead.
2．What does the woman ask the man to do?
A．Take care of her bags.
B．Pack the food for her.
C．Check the train schedule.
【答案】A
【原文】W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment? I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
3．When will the man see Bob?
A．This Friday. B．This Saturday. C．Next Monday.
【答案】B
【原文】W: Mark came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him?
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then?
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
4．Why does the man apologize?
A．For the terrible food.
B．For the overcharge.
C．For the waiter’s rudeness.
【答案】B
【原文】M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to
you.
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don’t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
5．What are the speakers talking about?A．Writing a book. B．Holding a celebration. C．Buying a present.
【答案】C
【原文】W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the new year?
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn’t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
(二)、长队话及较长对话
Ⅰ.能力分析
1.理解长对话/较长对话的主题和要点。这需要学生理解对话的中心话题和要点,抓住主线了解全貌。
2.根据对话内容进行推理和判断，如推测对话后续发展、判断对话中的真假、评价对话中的观点等。
3.长对话/较长对话的难度逐年提高，考察的内容也更加贴近生活和实际应用，要求考生具备更高的语言综
合应用能力。
4.考生应该注重平时的听力和口语训练，积累语言素材，提高听力和口语水平。
5.跟踪复杂信息。学生需要同时理解对话中的多个信息线索,跟踪其变化和发展,确保对全部信息的准确理解。
6.多角度思考和联想。学生需要从多角度分析对话,并根据对话内容进行联想、延伸到更广范围的话题。
Ⅱ.解题技巧
1. 预读题目和选项：在听到对话前，先预读题目和选项。这样可以帮助你在听对话时有针对性地寻找答案，
提高答题效率。
2. 抓住关键信息：在听对话时，关注对话中的关键信息，如时间、地点、人物和事物等。这些信息通常与
题目中的要求密切相关，可以帮助你更准确地找到答案。
3. 留意语气和强调：在长对话/较长对话中说话者的语气、语速和强调可能暗示着重要信息。留意这些线索
可以帮助你更好地理解对话内容。
4. 利用排除法：在选择答案时如果你不能确定正确答案，可以尝试使用排除法。通过排除与对话内容不符
的选项，可以提高选对答案的概率。
5. 记录关键信息：在听对话时如果有条件，可以用笔记下关键信息。在回答问题时可以回顾笔记，提高答
题的准确性。
6. 弄清语气，捕捉暗示：在做听力时候我们需要弄清楚说话者之间的时间/时态，这样题目涉及到相关问题
时候可以多加留意进行一步的判断。
7. 保持冷静：在听力考试中，心态非常重要。保持冷静，避免因紧张而影响答题表现。如果错过了某个关
键信息，不要慌张，尽量根据所听到的其他信息来推断答案。
Ⅲ.试题案例
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．Why does Sara make the phone call?
A．To ask for advice. B．To arrange an outing. C．To cancel an appointment.
7．What does David want to do?
A．Go to a dinner party. B．Talk to Sara in person. C．Work on the new case.
【答案】6．C 7．B
【原文】M: Hello, Sara.
W: Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.
M: Oh, what happened?
W: We’ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M: Well, then I’ll come to you.
W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M: Sara, please. We need to talk. It’s about my job.
W: Then tell me on the phone.
M: No, it’s better if we do it in person. How about tomorrow night?
W: I’m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M: OK.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8．Where is Jim now?
A．In a taxi. B．On a bus. C．In his office.
9．What is the woman’s suggestion?
A．Going to the city center.
B．Taking a short cut home.
C．Meeting Jim in the park.
【答案】8．A 9．B
【原文】W: Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now?
M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi
and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M: Are you sure?W: Yes. A hundred percent.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
10．What did Clara do at the weekend?
A．She planted vegetables.
B．She went to a yard sale.
C．She visited her grandpa.
11．What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought?
A．A plane ticket. B．A family photo. C．A post card.
12．Where does Mark live?
A．Los Angeles. B．Chicago. C．Philadelphia.
13．What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley?
A．Brother and sister. B．Husband and wife. C．Father and daughter.
【答案】10．C 11．A 12．C 13．A
【原文】W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend?
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there.
What about you?
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels?
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket
from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it?
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them
often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand
bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14．What is probably the woman?
A．A teacher. B．A journalist. C．An athlete.
15．What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team?
A．Adapting himself to the intense training.B．Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C．Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16．What does Victor say about the players on the team?
A．They are of the same age.
B．They are similar in character.
C．They are from different countries.
17．How does Victor feel about his team now?
A．It’s about to break up. B．It’s the best in Indiana. C．It’s getting stronger.
【答案】14．B 15．A 16．C 17．C
【原文】W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling?
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though
there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indianan basketball player?
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It’s not like high school. In high
school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group?
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the
rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how
we grow each day as a team.
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
(三)、独白
Ⅰ.能力分析
1.理解和获取信息的能力:听力独白中常含有事实信息和具体细节,要求学生理解说话者所表达的信息和观点,
捕捉细节信息,这需要学生有较强的理解和获取信息的能力。例如：理解发言者的观点立场、理解讲话的主
旨大意、理解事实信息和数据等。
2.思维转换和推理的能力:听力独白题型常要求学生对所听信息进行分析、综合和推理,这需要学生有较强的
思维转换和推理的能力。例如：推理出说话者的态度或看法、根据上下文推理词义、综合几句话的信息做
出判断等。
3.评价和判断的能力:部分听力独白题型需要学生对所听信息或说话者的观点进行评判,判断合理性或可信度,
这需要学生有一定的评价和判断的能力。例如：评价观点或主张的合理性、判断信息或数据的准确性等。4.跟踪理解的能力:听力独白较长,要求学生在理解当前信息的同时跟踪理解先前的信息,把握语篇的脉络和
逻辑,这需要较强的跟踪理解的能力。
Ⅱ.解题技巧
1.理解语篇结构,抓住要点。“独白”一般由几个要点构成,学生需要理解语篇结构,抓住主要要点,如主题句、
事实和例子等,忽略不相关细节。
2.理解讲者的观点和态度。“独白”中讲者会表达自己的观点、看法或态度,学生需要理解讲者的观点和态
度,以做出正确判断。
3.注意关键词和转折词。“独白”中常出现一些关键词或转折词,像first, second, in addition, however等,学
生需要理解这些词的作用,抓住段落的逻辑关系。
4.做好注意记录,根据上下文猜测生词。听力过程中,学生需要做好注意记录,根据上下文猜测生词的大概意
思,以便理解整体内容。
5.根据选项特征做出最佳选择。选择题需要根据选项特征,如同义词替换、概括等,选择与语篇内容和要点最
符合的选项。
Ⅲ.试题案例
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18．Who is Tom Hokinson?
A．Founder of a magazine. B．Publisher of a novel. C．Editor of a newspaper.
19．What do we know about the content of The Idler?
A．It’s ol-fashioned. B．It’s wide-ranging. C．It’s student-targeted.
20．Why does the speaker give the talk?
A．To do a promotion. B．To discuss an issue. C．To introduce a lecturer.
【答案】18．A 19．B 20．A
【原文】
W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities? Do you want to live a
full and happy life? Today,I’m going to introduce to you a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was
launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement
in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly.In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and
essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much
useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping.If you ever felt that there is more to
life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it? The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better aboutlife. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
结尾：听力测试旨在考察学生对英语语言的听力理解能力和应对不同语境的能力。英语听力部分考察考生
对英语听力的理解和应对能力，要求考生在有限的时间内准确把握听力材料的关键信息，并做出正确的回
答。为了取得好成绩，考生需要通过大量的听力训练来提高自己的听力水平，同时熟悉考试形式和要求，
掌握有效的听力解题技巧。
附属：本次听力中“听力能力分析”板块专题主要根据《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020修
订）》、《高考政策》和《中国高考评价体系》来改编编写。
