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2014 年英语二 · Text 2 真题精讲
发布时间：2026-09-30 08:25:06 最近访问：2026-09-30 08:25:06
2014 年英语二 · Text 2 真题精讲
| | | 2014年考研英语二 · Text 2 · 详解版 |
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| 这篇 Text 2 选自《科学美国人》，围绕社会心理学经典课题"虚幻优越感 / 高于平均效应"展开：人类普遍高估自己。文章先抛出现象，再引出Epley 的关键实验，最后落到 Facebook 时代"只展示最佳一面"的社交现象，逻辑闭环：现象 → 实验 → 解读 → 当代延伸。全文共 5 段，主题词：self-enhancement / illusory superiority / above average effect。读懂它，等于读懂了一类典型的"心理学 + 日常现象"型科普文。（提示：文中"above average effect""illusory superiority"等同义反复，前后文是同位语关系，命题人常在此设题。） |
| | | 🔴 红粗 = 谓语动词 🔵 蓝粗 = 连词 🟡 黄底 = 从句 / 重点短语 |
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| ① An article in Scientific America has pointed outthat empirical research saysthat, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are. ② We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. ③ Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority,"andshownthat, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities. |
| 译文：①《科学美国人》上一篇文章指出，实证研究表明，事实上，你自以为比真实的自己更美。②我们都有一种根深蒂固的需求——让自己感觉良好——并会自然而然地运用许多自我美化的策略来达到这一目的。③社会心理学家已积累了大量研究，提出所谓的"高于平均效应"，也叫"虚幻优越感"，并证明：例如，70% 的人自评领导力高于平均水平，93% 的人自评驾驶水平高于平均，85% 的人自评人缘好于他人——而这些在统计学上显然是不可能的。 |
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| empirical researchself-enhancing strategies 自我美化策略 social psychologists 社会心理学家 above average effect 高于平均效应 illusory superiority 虚幻优越感（illusory adj. 虚假的；superiority n. 优越感） rate v. 评价、评估 statistical impossibilities 统计学上的不可能 |
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| ① We rose-tint our memories andput ourselves into self-affirming situations. ② We become defensive when criticised, andapply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. ③ We stalk around thinking we're hot stuff. |
| 译文：①我们美化自己的回忆，把自己摆进自我肯定的情境里。②受到批评时我们变得戒备防卫，并把负面的刻板印象套到他人身上以抬高自己的自尊。③我们昂首阔步，以为自己很了不起。 |
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| rose-tintself-affirming adj. 自我肯定的 negative stereotypes 负面刻板印象 |
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| ① Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. ② Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. ③ Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation". ④ If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which most did—they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. |
| 译文：①心理学家兼行为科学家 Nicholas Epley 主持了一项关于自我美化与吸引力的重要研究。②他没有让人简单地把自身美貌与他人对比打分，而是让他们从一组照片中识别出自己的原始照片——这组照片中包含经过修改的版本，使其看上去比真人更美或更丑。③研究指出，视觉识别是"一种自动的心理过程，迅速而直觉地发生，几乎没有或有意识思考"。④如果受试者很快挑出一张虚假的、讨好的照片——大多数人都是如此——他们真心相信那才是自己真实的样子。 |
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| 句 ②：Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive.▌主干：he asked them to identify a photograph.▌Rather than 引导方式状语（他没有让人……而是让人……），that 引导定语从句修饰 versions。▌谓语链：have / had been altered / asked / identify。句 ③：Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation".▌主干：Visual recognition is a process.▌reads the study 是插入语（研究表明……），occurring... 是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 process。▌核心信息：自动 + 迅速 + 直觉 + 无需有意识思考 = "无意识的自动加工"。 |
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| overseeconscious deliberation 有意识的深思熟虑 |
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| ① Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. ② Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. ③ In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those whoshowed other markers for having higher self-esteem. ④ "I don't think the findings that we haveare any evidence of personal delusion," says Epley. "It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves." ⑤ If you are depressed, you won't be self-enhancing. |
| 译文：①Epley 发现，反应中不存在显著的性别差异。②也没有证据表明那些自我美化最严重的人（即认为修改得最美好的照片是真实照片的受试者）这样做是为了弥补深层的不安全感。③事实上，认为吸引力更高的照片是真实的的人，与那些表现出更高自尊其他标志的人高度对应。④Epley 说："我不认为我们的发现能证明这是个人妄想，这只是人们普遍对自己评价不错的反映。"⑤如果你情绪低落，你就不会自我美化了。 |
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| 句 ②（倒装句 + 三层嵌套）：Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities.▌主干：Nor was there any evidence (没有证据……)。▌that 引导同位语从句（evidence 的具体内容），其中 who 引导定语从句修饰 those，括号内 that is, ... 是插入语对 those 的解释。▌谓语链：was / self-enhanced / thought / were real / were doing / make up。▌核心信息：自我美化 ≠ 内心脆弱的代偿，而是健康自尊的伴生现象。句 ③：those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem.▌主干：A directly corresponded with B（A 与 B 直接对应）。▌两个 who 从句分别修饰两个 those，平行的双胞胎结构——这是命题最爱考的对应结构。 |
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| gender difference 性别差异 evidence n. 证据、迹象 self-enhanced adj. 自我美化的 participants n. 参与者 doctored adj. 篡改过的、伪造的 make up for 弥补、补偿 profound insecurities 深层的不安全感 correspond with 与……对应/相符 markers n. 标志、标记 self-esteem n. 自尊 delusion n. 妄想、错觉 reflection n. 反映、映照 |
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| ① Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally—on one level, they don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. ② Facebook therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyle. ③ It's not that people's profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison university, "but they portray an idealised version of themselves." |
| 译文：①了解了 Epley 的研究结果，就不难理解为什么人们本能地讨厌自己的照片——在某种程度上，他们甚至不认得照片中的人就是自己。②因此，Facebook 是自我美化者的天堂，在那里人们可以只分享最讨好的照片，分享他们机智、风格、美貌、才智和生活方式中最精彩的部分。③威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的 Catalina Toma 说："这并不是说人们的个人资料是不诚实的，而是他们描绘出一个理想化的自己。" |
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| viscerally adv. 本能地、深切地（来自内脏 visceral，泛指深层的本能反应） |
| | | 定位词 → 定位句 → 精读 → 匹配，5 道题一气呵成 |
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| STEP 1找定位词——题干的"信号灯"，快速锁定答案所在段落STEP 2找定位句——回到原文，找出含有定位词的句子STEP 3精读定位句——读懂句子结构与同义替换STEP 4匹配合适选项——对照选项选出与原文一致的表述 |
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| 题号 | 26 | 答案 |
| A | |
| C | 细节题 · 第3段对 visual recognition 的定义 |
| B | |
| A | |
| D | |
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| According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that __________. |
| [A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is a baseless effect[C] our needs for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective |
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| STEP 1 找定位词 题干明确指向 first paragraph，核心定位词 = social psychologists have found（注意题干用 found 替换原文的 have amassed ... shown）。STEP 2 找定位句 第1段③：Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into ... and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.STEP 3 精读定位句 社会心理学家发现：绝大多数人在领导力、驾驶、人际关系上的自评都"高于平均"，而这是"统计学上的不可能"。也就是说，人们对自己的评价高得不切实际。STEP 4 匹配合适选项A our self-ratings are unrealistically high（我们的自我评价不切实际地高）——✅ 同义替换 self-ratings ↔ rate ourselves，unrealistically high ↔ above average + statistical impossibilities。B illusory superiority is a baseless effect（虚幻优越感毫无根据）——原文并未否定该效应，只是描述数据，❌ 偷换态度。C our needs for leadership is unnatural（我们对领导力的需求不自然）——把主题偷换成了"领导力"，❌ 偷换概念。D self-enhancing strategies are ineffective（自我美化策略无效）——原文并未评价有效/无效，❌ 无中生有。⭐ 答案：A |
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| Visual recognition is believed to be people's __________. |
| [A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence |
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| STEP 1 找定位词 核心定位词 = Visual recognition。STEP 2 找定位句 第3段③：Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation".STEP 3 精读定位句 研究对视觉识别的定义包含四个特征：automatic（自动）+ rapidly（快速）+ intuitively（直觉）+ little or no conscious deliberation（几乎无有意识思考）。这些词的核心是"无意识 + 自动 + 直觉"。STEP 4 匹配合适选项A rapid watching（快速观看）——只对应 rapidly，片面，❌B conscious choice（有意识选择）——与原文 little or no conscious deliberation 相反，❌ 反义干扰。C intuitive response（直觉反应）——✅ 完美对应 intuitively + automatic，强调"无需思考、本能反应"。D automatic self-defence（自动自我防卫）——automatic 对了，但 self-defence 是无中生有，❌ 偷加概念。⭐ 答案：C |
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| Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to __________. |
| [A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions |
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| STEP 1 找定位词 核心定位词 = higher self-esteem + Epley。STEP 2 找定位句 第4段③：In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem.STEP 3 精读定位句 "认为吸引力更高的照片是真的"这一群体，与"具有更高自尊的其他标志"群体直接对应。即：自尊越高的人，越倾向于相信自己（的照片）真的那么好看。STEP 4 匹配合适选项A underestimate their insecurities（低估不安全感）——原文第4段②明确说自我美化不是为"make up for profound insecurities"，❌ 反向干扰。B believe in their attractiveness（相信自己的吸引力）——✅ 直接对应"images higher up the attractiveness scale were real"。C cover up their depressions（掩盖沮丧）——原文第4段⑤说"如果你沮丧，就不会自我美化"，前后逻辑错位，❌D oversimplify their illusions（简化幻想）——原文未提"简化"，❌ 无中生有。⭐ 答案：B |
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| The word "viscerally" (Line 2, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to __________. |
| [A] instinctively[B] occasionally[C] particularly[D] aggressively |
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| STEP 1 找定位词 核心定位词 = viscerally（第5段第2行）。STEP 2 找定位句 第5段①：... it makes sense that people hate photographs of themselves so viscerally—on one level, they don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves.STEP 3 精读定位句 viscerally 来自 visceral（内脏的），引申为"发自本能的、不假思索的、深切的"。破折号后"甚至不认得照片里的人是自己"，正是这种本能的、强烈的反应。STEP 4 匹配合适选项A instinctively（本能地）——✅ 同义对应 visceral 的本义"来自内脏/本能"。B occasionally（偶尔地）——频率副词，与语义无关，❌C particularly（特别地）——程度副词但偏中性，丢失"本能"内涵，❌ 偷换程度。D aggressively（侵略地）——贬义且与"讨厌照片"语境不符，❌ 褒贬误植。⭐ 答案：A |
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| It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer's paradise because people can __________. |
| [A] present their dishonest profiles[B] define their traditional life styles[C] share their intellectual pursuits[D] withhold their unflattering sides |
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| STEP 1 找定位词 核心定位词 = Facebook is self-enhancer's paradise + because people can（因果推断题，注意 because 是关键）。STEP 2 找定位句 第5段②：Facebook therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyle.STEP 3 精读定位句 Facebook 是天堂，原因是 where 从句：人们只分享最讨好的照片、最好的一面。注意 only 这个限定词——它意味着"把不讨好的部分隐藏"。STEP 4 匹配合适选项A present their dishonest profiles（呈现不诚实的形象）——原文第5段③明确说"not dishonest"，❌ 与原文观点相反。B define their traditional life styles（定义传统生活方式）——文中无 traditional，❌ 无中生有。C share their intellectual pursuits（分享智识追求）——intellect 是文中提及之一，但只是众多分享内容中的一项，❌ 以偏概全。D withhold their unflattering sides（保留不讨好的方面）——✅ 反义互证：only 分享 flattering = withhold unflattering，最贴切地解释了 paradise 的本质。⭐ 答案：D |
| | 文末答案速查 · 2014 年考研英语二 Text 2 |
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| 本文选自《科学美国人》，主题：self-enhancement / illusory superiority转载需保留作者署名 · 潘潘老师考研英语 · 精讲系列 |