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—级修饰 While （it is） seemingly innocent,
{while引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 this loss of mental focus can potentially have ? ^迎鎏,g j史（主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
—级修饰 on our professional, social, and personal wellbeing.
汇注释 i*nnocent [ ln3Snt] a.无害的;清白的;纯真的 potentially [ps tenJaU]遍.可能地，潜在地
damaging [ .daemid3ir）] a.造成破坏的;有害的 wellbeing [ .webbinij] n.幸福;健康;福利
. ―- • • •
O Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be
done.神经科学家，即研究神经系统的专家越来越多地表示，其实有很多方法可以应对这一现象。
二级修饰 who study the nervous system,
[who引导的定语从句，修饰experts
一级修饰 experts
]Neuroscientists 的同位语
Neuroscientists….are increasingly showing （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，[作are...showing的宾语
that t*shere actually a lot
that引导的定语从句,|修饰a lot
—级修饰 that can be done.
:商汇生释；neuroscientist [ njuargusaiantist] n.神经科学家 expert*[ .eksp3it] n.专家;行家 a.熟练的
n*ervous [ n3：vas] a.神经系统的;焦虑的 i*ncreasingly [ m-kri：sigli] ad.越来越多地
❷ It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can
significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.事实证明，就像肌肉需要锻炼一样，我们的大脑也需要锻炼，适
当的脑力训练可以显著改善我们的基本认知功能。
It turns out （主+谓）
[It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
句子主干 that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do,
| and连接的并列句
and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.
:诩[注格]f*™ out证明是;结果是;出席潮外 m* uscle [ .mAsl] n.肌肉;体力;影响力
workout [.W3：kaut] n.训练;锻炼 c*ognitive [ .kDgn3tiv] a.认知的;感知的
❸ Thinking is essentially a process of making connections in the brain.思考本质上是在大脑中建立连接的过程。
句子主干 Thinking is essentially 旦些£>£^ （主+系+表）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰a process
—级修饰 of making connections
[介词短语作状语
二级修饰 in the brain.
2:词汇汪释:essentially [rsenjali] ad.本质上;根本上 connection * [ kg-nek/n] n.连接;联系
❹ To a certain extent, our ability to excel in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 在一定程度_上，
我们擅长建立促进智力发展的连接的能力是遗传得来的。
一级修饰 To a certain extent,
[介词短语作句子主干奇状语
句子主干 our ability...is inherited.（主+系+表）
[动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰curability
—级修饰 to excel in making the connections
that引导的定语从句，:修饰the connections
二级修饰 that drive intelligence
顶无注样]excel in擅长;在……方面胜过 inherited [m hentid] a.遗传的;继承权的
❺ However, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand
and fluctuate according to mental effort.然而，由于这些连接需要通过努力和练习来建立，因此科学家相信.智力
可以根据脑力训练而拓展和波动。
—级修饰 because these connections are made through effort and practice,
[because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
H owe ver,... scientists believe （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 that引导的宾语从句，[作believe的宾语
that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.
:词汇注幕:intelligence * [ m-telid3ans ] n.智力;才智;智慧 fluctuate * [ -flAktfueit ]航.波动;上下变动,起伏
• ••• 二•• • •
❶ Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step further and developed the first Mbrain training programM designed
to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness.现在,一家新型网络公司已经更进一步,研发出
了首款“大脑训练程序”，旨在真正帮助人们改善和恢复他们的大脑敏锐度。
Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step further （主+谓+宾+宾补）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and （has） developed the first “brain training program”
过去分词短语作后置定语,
一级修饰 designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness.
；词汇注释: a step further 更进一步 regain [n gem]仇.恢复;重新获得;收回
第四段••••
❶ The Web-based program allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.这个基于网络的程
序能使你系统地提高记忆力和注意力方面的技能。
3- The Web-based program allows you (主+谓+宾+宾补)
句子主干 ］动词不定式短语作you的补足语
to systematically improve your memory and attention skills.
:国汇洼髀：systematically [ isisto maetikli] ad.系统地;有条理地 a*ttention [ "enjn ] n.注意力；兴趣
❷ The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement.该程
序会追踪你的进展,并对你的表现和进步情况提供详细反馈。
The program keeps track of yourprogess （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and provides detailed feedback
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰detailed feedback
一级修饰 on your performance and improvement.
；切汇注辉;p*rovide [*vparida] vt,提供;规定 f*eedback [句dbaek] n.反馈;反应
❸ Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—
much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.最重要的是，它会
不断地调整和加强你所参与的训练，以增进你正在训练的能力一这特别像是一项有效的日常锻炼，需要你增
加阻力并改变肌肉的使用方式。
一级修饰 Most importantly,
I插入语
句子主干 it constantly modifies and enhances tihe^mnes （主+谓+宾）
省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句, ；修饰the games
you play
动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
to build on the strengths you are developing
一级修饰 补充说明句子主干
—much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance
and连接并列的动词不定式短语
and （to） vary your muscle use.
:要点注释' 动词不定式短语to build on ... developing中，省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句，修饰the
strengths。破折号后的内容中,like为连词,其后从句中,an effective exercise routine为主语,requires
为谓语,you为宾语,and连接并列的动词不定式短语作you的补足语。
:词汇注释: modify * [ -modifai ]仇.调整；缓和；修饰 resistance * [ rrzistgns ] n.阻力
Q
Part A
Text 1-
•…第一段.…
❶ In order to M change lives for the bettern and reduce 4< dependency,M George Osbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer,
4introduced lhe **upfront work searchv scheme.为了"使生活更美好"并减少“依赖”，（英国）财政大臣乔治•奥斯
本推行了“预备求职”计划。
—级修饰 In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency,"
[介词短语作句子主干的目的状语
句子主干 George Osborne,...introduced the "upfront work search^^ scheme.（主+谓+宾）
[George Osborne 的同位语
—级修饰 Chancellor of the Exchequer,
:词汇注释« r*educe [n-djuis] vt.减少;缩小;降低 upfront [iAp frAnt] 0.在前面的;预付的;坦率的
❷ Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they
be eligible for benefit—and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.失业者只有带上简历到就业
服务中心，注册在线求职,并开始找工作，才有资格获得救济金。同时，他们之后必须每周而不是每两周报到
—次O
Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV,
I并列谓语
_级修饰 register for online job search,
I and连接的并列谓语
and start looking for work
Only if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
___________ V
句子主干 will they be eligible for benefit （倒装句：助动词+主+系+表）
___________ ]补充说明
—级修饰 一and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.
:萋点注释：本句中,Only if引导的条件状语从句位于句首，因此主句使用了部分倒装结构;“the +形容词”表
示一类人，故the jobless表示复数概念，因此条件状语从句的谓语使用复数形式。
词汇注释« r*egister [ Tedsistafr） ] v.注册n.登记表 be eligible foi•有资格的;符合....的条件
b*enefit [ .benrfit] n.救济金;益处 v.使受益 fortnightly [-foxtnaitli] ad.两星期一次地
❸What could be more reasonable?还能有什么计划比这更合理呢？
句子主干 What could be more reasonable?（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+系+表）
»» !! ! .......... -_-— ~______----_-_-
…第二段•…
❶More apparent reasonableness followed.该计划还有更多貌似合理之处。
句子主干 More apparent reasonableness followed (the scheme).(主+谓+宾)
:要点注释_ ：本句是一个省略句，省略了宾语the scheme。
:闯汇汪雇:a*pparent [ g paerant] a.貌似的;明显的 reasonableness [ Mziublnos] n.合理性;合理
❷There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker^ allowance.现在,求职者要经过一个七天的等待期才能领取
失业津贴。
5句子主干 There will now be a Seven・day wait （There be句型：There +will...be +主）
介词短语作后置定语J修饰a seven-day wait
—级修饰 for the j*sobseeker allowance.
:国汇注释:jobseeker [ •d3Db1siika（r）]几.求职者 a*llowance [ aUauans]几津贴；限额
❸ 44Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign o*n/ he claimed,他声称，"失业最初的那
几天应该用来找工作，而不是去登记（申领津贴）。”
4
