文档内容
-2016年考研英语（二）真题逐词逐句精讲
Section I Use of English
第一段：:
❶Happy people work differently.幸福的人工作方式有所不同。
句子主干 Happy people work differently.（主+谓）
❷ T*hey re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks.他们更高效、更具创造力且愿意冒更大的
风险。
They're more productive, more creative,（主+系+表）
句子主干 | and连接的并列成分
and （are） willing to take greater risks.
，词汇注释：productive * [prs'dAktiv] a.富有成效的；多产的 risk宏[risk] 风险；危险讨.冒... 的风险
❸ And new research suggests that happiness might influence how firms work, too.而且新的研究表明，幸福感也可能会
对公司如何运作产生影响。
And new research suggests （主+谓+宾从）
that引导的宾语从句，[作suggests的宾语
句子主干 that happiness might influence..., too.
how引导的宾语从句，[作might influence的宾语
how firms work
第二段工
❶ Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.近期的一*篇研究论
文表明，位于人们幸福感更强之地的公司投资更多。
二级修饰 with happier people
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰places
_级修饰 located in places
[过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Companies
句子主干 Companies...invest more,（主+谓+宾）
__________ j插入语
—级修饰 according to a recent research paper.
:词汇注释:locate * [*k1e9itu] vi.开办公司；营业；迁居 invest * [in'vest] v.投资；投入
❷ In particular, firms in happy places spend more on R&D （research and development）.特别是那些位于幸福之地的公
司在研发（研究和开发）上投入更多。
39句子主干 In particular, firms...spend more （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，［修饰firm』
in happy places
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语
on R&D （research and development）.
❸ That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking necessary for making investments for the future.
那是因为幸福感与对未来做投资所必需的那种长远考虑相联系。
Thafs...（主+系+表从）
句子主干 [because引导的表语从句
because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term Oiinkb咯
形容词短语作后置定语，修饰longer-term thinking [
—级修饰 necessary for making investments
[介词短语作状语
二级修饰 for the future.
:词汇注释！ be linked to与... 连接 long-term [Jr>r）*t3 ：m] a.长远的；长期有效的
第三段］
❶ The researchers wanted to know if the optimism and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would change
the way companies invested.研究者想知道与幸福感相伴而来的乐观和冒险倾向是否会改变公司的投资方式。
The researchers wanted to know （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 [if引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语
if the optunian and inclination for risk-taking...would change the way
that引导的定语从句 j修饰the optimism and inclination
that come with happiness
—级修饰 省略（in which）或关系词（that）的定语从句，修饰the way
companies invested.
:词汇注释:optimism ['uptimizam] n.乐观；乐观主义 inclination [回小皿皿]儿倾向；意愿
❷ So they compared U. S. cities' average happiness measured by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly
traded firms in those areas.因此，他们将盖洛普民意测验评估出的美国城市平均幸福指数与那些地区上市公司
的投资活动进行了比较。
句子主干 So they compared U.S. cities9 average happiness （主+谓+宾）
过去分词短语作后置定语J修饰U.S. c*ities average happiness
measured by Gallup polling
—级修饰 介词短语作状语，修饰compared
with the investment activity
介词短语作后置定语j修饰the investment activity
二级修饰 of publicly traded firms
介词短语作后置定语J修饰publicly traded firms
三级修饰 in those areas.
40词汇注释 average * [*aev9nd3] a.平均的 n.平均数 measure * ['me39（r）] vt.评估；测量 «.措施
polling ['paulig] n.民意测验；投票 activity 1 [aek'tivsti] n.活动；热闹状况；活跃
第四段
O Sure enough, firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were
headquartered.果然，公司的投资和研发力度与其总部所在地的幸福指数有关。
_级修饰 Sure enough,
' [插入语
句子主干 firms' investment and R&D intensity were correlated （主+谓）
介词短语作状语J表对象
_级修饰 with the happiness of the area
介词in+which引导的定语从句，[修饰the area
二级修饰 in which they were headquartered.
词汇注释 sure enough 果然; 一定 intensity * [m'tensati] n.强度；强烈；紧张
correlate * ['knraleit] vi.相互关联影响 headquarter [^ed'kwola] vt.为... 设总部
❷ But is it really happiness that's linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities explain why firms there
spend more on R&D?但是，与投资相关的真的是幸福指数吗？或者说，和幸福指数较高的城市相关的其他因
素能够解释那里的公司在研发上投入更多的原因吗？
is it...that
|is it...that为强调句型的一般疑问句形式，强调主语happiness
（l）But...really happiness...is linked to investment,（主+谓）
句子主干 | or连接的并列句
⑵or could something else...explain （一般疑问句：情态动词+主+谓语动词+宾从）
why引导的宾语从句，:作could...explain的宾语
why firms there spend more on R&D?
介词短语作后置定语， 修饰something else
—级修饰 about happier cities
❸ To find out, the researchers controlled for various factors that might make firms more likely to invest—like size,
industry, and sales—and for indicators that a place was desirable to live in, like growth in wages or population.为 了
找出答案，研究者们考虑了可能促使公司更愿意投资的多种因素，如规模、行业和销售额，还考虑了一个地
方适宜居住的指标，如工资涨幅或人口的增长。
-级修饰 that might make finns more likely to invest
that引导的定语从句,修饰various factors I
To find out, the researchers controlled for various factors （主+谓+宾）
= = ======== ===== ======------------------------------------------------
句子主干 and连接的并列谓宾|
and （controlled） fbr indicators
插入语，举例说明various factors
—like size, industry, and sales—
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明indicators
一级修饰 that a place was desirable to live in,
插入语，举例说明indicators
like growth in wages or population.
41«词汇注释j control for考虑（可能影响实验结果的外部因素）indicator「mdikeito（r）]儿指标；标志
desirable * [dfzaisrabl] a.理想的；可取的 w*age [weid3] 工资；工钱
population [jyopju'leijh] n.（地区、国家等的）人口,人口数量
❹ The link between happiness and investment generally held even after accounting for these, things.即便在考虑 了这些
情况之后，幸福指数与投资之间的关系仍然大体上保持不变。
一级修饰 between happiness and investment
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰The link
句子主干 The link.. .generally held （主+谓）
]介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
—级修饰 even after accounting for these things.
词汇注释 hold * [hsuld] vi.保持不变；保持原位vt.拿着 account for说明；导致
6第五段I
❶ The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors
attribute to Tess codified decision making process,, and the possible presence of "younger and less experienced
managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment."幸福感与投资之间的关联在新公司中表现得尤为明
显，论文作者们将此归因于“不那么墨守成规的决策过程”以及（企业）可能存在“较为年轻且经验较少的
管理者，他们更容易受到情绪的影响”.。
-级修饰 between happiness and investment
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰The correlation
句子主干 The correlation.. .was particularly strong （主+系+表）
介词短语作状语，[表对象
for younger firms,
一级修饰 which引导的非限定性定语从句， 补充说明句子主干
which the authors attribute
介词短语作状语J表对象
to Tess codified decision making process"
| and连接并列的介词短语
二级修饰
and （to） the possible presence
介词短语作后置定语，，修饰the possible presence
三级修饰 of lounger and less experienced managers
J 修饰younger and less experienced managers
who引导的定语从句,
四级修饰 who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment."
词汇注释 correlation [.kors'leVh] n. ；相互关系 attribute to 归因于
codify ['ksudifai] vt.编纂；整理；把... 编成法典 sentiment * ['sentimant] n.情绪；观点
© The relationship was also stronger in places where happiness was spread more equally.这种关联在幸福感分布更均
衡的地方也更为明显。
句子主干 The relationship was also stronger （主+系+表）
|介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
—级修饰 in places
where引导的定语从句，
二级修饰 where happiness was spread more equally.
42：词汇注释i spread * [spred]y.传播；散布；（使）流传 equally [*i:kw91i] ad.平等地；同样地
❸ Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness
inequality.公司似乎会在大多数人都相对幸福的地方投资更多，而不是在幸福感不均等的地方。
句子主干 Firms seem to invest more （主+谓+宾）
\介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
in places where most people are relatively happy,
一级修饰 rather than连接并列的介词短语，肯定前者，否定后者
rather than in places with happiness inequality.
in places where…中，where引导的定语从句，修饰其前的placeso rather than...inequality中，介词
短语 with happiness inequality 作后置定语，修饰 placeso
第六段〕
O While this doesn't prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at
least hints at that possibility.虽然这并不能证明幸福感会使公司加大投资力度或者把眼光放得更为长远，但论
文作者们认为它至少暗示了那种可能性。
or to take a longer-term view,
| or连接并列的动词不定式短语
to invest more
一级修饰 动词不定式短语作firms的补足语I
that happiness causes firms
that引导的宾语从句，[作doesn't prove的宾语
While this doesn't prove
[While引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
the authors believe （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作believe的宾语
it at least hints at that possibility.
:词汇注释:hint at暗示，示意 possibility * [.ppss'bibti] n.可能性；可能
❷ It's not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help shape how executives think about the future.不难
想象，地方文化和情感将有助于塑造管理者思考未来的方式。
It's not h^d （主+系+表）
[it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
toimagiiie
句子主干 :that引导的宾语从句，作imagine的宾语
that local culture and sentiment would help shape
how引导的宾语从句，作shape的宾语]
how executives think about the future.
词汇注释 s*hape [Jeip] vt.塑造〃.形状；状况；性质 e*xecutive [ig^ekjstiv] n.主管领导；管理人员
❸"It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and lean towards R&D
more than the average,5, said one researcher.似乎可以确信的是，幸福的人更有远见、更具创造力，而且比普
通人更倾向于研发，” 一位研究者如是说。
43and （would） lean towards R&D more than the average,M
| and连接的并列谓语
that happy people would be more fbrward-tiiinking and creative
[it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
句子主干
Tt surely seems plausible
l直接引语作said的宾语
said one researcher.（倒装句：宾+谓+主）
词汇注释 plausible *['P lo:Z9bl] 可信的；有道理的 forward-thinking有远见的；刖瞻的
Section U Reading Comprehension
Part A
/ ✓ / / / ✓ / ✓ / / / 7 / / / / / / ✓ ///✓/////// \\\\\\、\\\、\\\、\\\、\\\\\、\\、\\
Text 1
第一段
O It's true that high-school coding classes aren't essential for learning computer science in college.的确，高中编程课
程对于在大学学习计算机科学而言并非必不可少。
Ifs true （主+系+表）
句子主干 | It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
that high-school coding classes aren't essential
介词短语作状语,[表对象
一级修饰 fbr learning computer science in college.
词汇注释 coding [，k9udl5] n-编码；编码系统 essential * [i'senfl] 必不可少的；本质的
❷ Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at
Carnegie Mellon\ School of Computer Science.卡内基梅隆大学计算机科学学院的副院长汤姆•科尔蒂纳指出，
没有经验的学生在几节入门课程之后就能赶上。
—级修饰 without experience
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰Students
句子主干 Students...can catch up （主+谓）
|介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
after a few introductory courses,
一级修饰 插入语
said Tom Cortina,
[Tom Cortina的同位语
二级修饰 the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science.
要点注释 介词短语 at Carnegie Mellon's School of Computer Science 作后置定语，修饰 the assistant deano
词汇注释 introductory [.mtra'dAktsri] a.入门的；介绍的 dean * tdi:n] n-（大学的）学院院长
44第二段
❶However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.但是，科尔蒂纳称，提早接触（编程课程）是有益的。
一级修饰 However,
[插入语
句子主干 early exposure is beneficial.（主+系+表）
[插入语
一级修饰 Cortina said,
i词汇注释i exposure * [ik,sp9U39（r）] n-接触；暴露 beneficial * [tbem'fijl] a.有益的；有帮助的
When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and
numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.当年龄较小的孩子学习计算机科学时，他
们会认识到，它并不仅仅是一连串令人困惑且没有尽头的字母和数字一还是一个构建应用程序、创造艺术
作品或检验假设的工具。
—级修饰 When younger kids learn computer science,
[When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
they learn （主+谓+宾从）
[that引导的宾语从句，作learn的宾语
句子主干 that it's not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers
| not just...but连接的并列成分
—but a tool
]。旌接并列的动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a tool
一级修饰 to build apps, or （to） create artwork, or （to） test hypotheses.
：词汇注释i confusing [kan'Qu:zig] a.令人困惑的 hypothesis ☆ [haFpDOosis] 〃.假设，假说；猜测
❸ It's not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.对他们而言，转换自己的思维
过程不会像年龄较大的学生那样困难。
It's not as haM （主+系 +表）
句子主干 ’[it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
for them to transform their thought processes
as引导的比较状语从句，作句子主干的比较状语
—级修饰 as it is （hard） for older students.
要点注释 本句中，介词for引出动词不定式短语to transform their thought processes的逻辑主语themo
0 Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.将问题分解为小块然
后使用代码去解决问题变得稀松平常。
句子主干 Breaking down problems...and using code...becomes normal.（主+系+表）
__________ [介词短语作状语
into bite-sized chunks
一级修饰 动词不定式短语作目的状语
to solve them
词汇注释bite-sized fbait saizd] a.很小的；很短的 chunk [tfAijk] 大块（文中引申为“模块”）
45❺ Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,
Cortina said.让更多的孩子接受这样的培训能够使对这一领域感兴趣的人数增加，从而有助于填补职位缺口，
科尔蒂纳说道。
Giving more children this training could increase the number of people （主+谓+宾）
L
句子主干 and连接的并列谓宾
and （could） help fill the jobs gap,
过去分词短语作后置定语, 修饰peopl<
interested in the field
—级修饰 插入语
Cortina said.
第三段I
❶ Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer
science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.在上大学
前学习一些有关编程的知识同样会使学生受益，因为在大学里，计算机科学入门课程都排得满满当当，这会
令经验欠缺或意志力不足的学生望而却步。
—级修饰 from learning something about coding
［介词短语作状语
句子主干 Students also benefit （主+谓）
［before引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
_级修饰 before they get to college,
where引导的非限定性定语从句J补充说明college
二级修饰 where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,
which引导的非限定性定语从句，［补充说明where引导的非限定性定语从句
三级修饰 which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.
i词汇注释i brim去［bnm］ n.边沿vi.盛满 determined ［di't3：mmd］ a.下定决心的；坚定的
第四段］
❶ The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that's
become popular for adults looking for a career change.熨斗学校，一个人们自费去学习编程的地方，起初只是众多
编程培训机构中的一家，现今在寻求职业转变的成年人中受欢迎。
一级修饰 where people pay to learn programming,
［where引导的非限定性定语从句,补充说明The Flatiron School
句子主干 The Flatiron School,...started （主+谓）
［介词短语作The Flatiron School的补足语
-级修饰 as one of the many coding bootcamps
that引导的定语从句，［修饰the many coding bootcamps
二级修饰 that's become popular for adults
现在分词短语作后置定语，［修饰adults
三级修饰 looking for a career change.
46i词汇注释i flatiron fflaet.aian] n.熨斗 bootcamp fbu^.kaemp] n.新兵训练营(文中引申为“培训机构”)
❷ The high-schoolers get l:he same curriculum, but "we try to gear lessons toward things they're interested in," said
Victoria Friedman, an instructor.高中生上相同的课程，但是"我们会设法根据他们的兴趣来调整课程，” 一位
名叫维多利亚-弗里德曼的讲师说道。
(1) The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,(主+谓+宾)
句子主干 I but连接的并列句，表转折
(2) but "we try to gear lessons (主+谓+宾)
''介词短语作状语J表对象
toward things
一级修饰 插入语 八
said Victoria Friedman,
省略关系词(which/that )的定语从句，修饰things
they're interested in,”
二级修饰 Victoria Friedman的同位语
an instructor.
词汇注释 curriculum * [ks'nkjolam] n. (p/. curricula)课程 gear ☆ ［gio(r)］讥调整〃•齿轮；设备
❸ For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.例如，学生们正在开发
的应用程序中有一款可以根据你的心情来推荐电影。
For instance,
—级修饰 插入语
the students are developing
]省略关系词(which/that )的定语从句，修饰one of the apps
句子主干 one of the apps...suggests movies (主+谓+宾)
过去分词短语作状语]
一级修饰 based on your mood.
第五段］
❶ The students in the Flatiron class probably won't drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.在熨斗学校上
课的学生可能不会从高中辍学去创建下一个Facebooko
of hi^i school
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语
in the Flatiron class
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰The students .
The students...probably won、drop out (主+谓)
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓语
and (won't) build the next Facebook.
：词汇注释:drop out辍学；退学；退出；脱离
❷ Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the "Ruby on Rails,, language they learned may not even be relevant
by the time they enter the job market.编程语言更替迅速，因此，他们所学的"Ruby on Rails”语言甚至可能在他
们进入就业市场时，就不适用了。
47（1 ）Programming languages have a quick turnover,（主+谓+宾）
I so连接的并列句，表因果
句子主干
（2）so the “Ruby on Rails” language...may not even be relevant （主+系+表）
省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句,[修饰the "Ruby on Rails" language
they learned
一级修饰 by the time引导的时间状语从句，作（2）句的时间状语
by the time they enter the job market.
词汇注释 programming [^rsugraemig] n.编程，程序编制 relevant * ['rehvsnt] a.合适的；相关的
❸ But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language,
said Deborah Seehom, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.但是，他们所学到的技能-如何有逻辑
地思考问题并整理结果一一用于任何一种编程语言，北卡罗来纳州的教育顾问黛博拉•希霍恩说道。
they learn
-级修饰 省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句，修饰the skills
—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—
,, [插入语，解释说明the skills
句子主干 But the skills...apply to any coding language,（主+谓+宾）
[插入语
一级修饰 said Deborah Seehorn,
[Deborah Seehom 的同位语
二级修饰 an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.
词汇注释i logically [flDd3ikli] ad.符合逻辑地；逻辑（上）地 consultant * [ksn'sAltsnt] n.顾问；会诊医师
Q 第六段〕
❶Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.实际上,熨斗学校的学生可能根本不会从事IT行业。
一级修饰 Indeed,
__________ [插入语
句子主干 the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.（主+谓+宾）
❷ But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.但是，创建一支未来的程序员队伍并不是
（开设）这些课程的唯一目的。
句子主干 But creating a future army of coders is not tihejolepuip^e （主+系 +表）
介词短语作后置定语,!修饰the sole purpose
—级修饰 of the classes.
词汇注释：army ★ [’Q：mi] 〃.大批；大群；陆军部队 sole * [soul] a.唯一的；仅有的；独占的
❸ These kids are going to be surrounded by computers一in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of
their lives.这些孩子的余生都将会被电脑包围——电脑会在他们的口袋里、办公室里和家里。
句子主干 These kids are going to be surrounded （主+谓）
[介词by引出动作的发出者
by computers
插入语，补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 —in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—
介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
for the rest of their lives.
48❹ The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they
learn that they have the power to do that―the better,他们越早了解电脑如何思考，如何劝诱电脑去制作自己想要
的东西——他们越早认识到自己具备这样做的能力——对他们也就越好。
that they have the power to do that—
that引导的宾语从句，［作learn的宾语
二级修饰
—the earlier they learn
补充说明
what they want
what引导的宾语从句，［作producing的宾语
how to coax the machine into producing
一级修饰 “特殊疑问词how+动词不定式短语”结构，作learn的宾语
how computers think,
,, “ ［how引导的宾语从句，作learn的宾语
The younger they learn
比较状语从句，［作句子主干的比较状语
句子主干 th^better （they are）.（表+主+系）
要点注释i 本句使用了 “the +比较级……，the +比较级……”结构，表示一方的程度随另一方的变化而变化。
词汇注释 coax [kooks] w.劝诱；哄劝
Text 2
第一段〕
O Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—
once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestem and southwestern United States.生物学家估计，多达 200
万只小草原榛鸡---种栖息于绵延草原上的鸟类一曾经给美国中西部和西南部常年灰暗的风景增添了一
抹红色。
Biologists estimate （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 ［that引导的宾语从句，作estimate的宾语
that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens...once lent red
插入语，解释说明lesser prairie chickens |
—a kind of bird
、介词短语作状语，
一级修饰 表对象
to the often grey landscape
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰grey landscape
of the midwestem and southwestern United States.
二级修饰 现在分词短语作后置定语, 修饰a kind of bird
living on stretching grasslands—
词汇注释 estimate * [festimeit] vt.估算['estimst] ".估计 prairie ['preari] n.（北美的）大草原
l*end [lend] w.给... 增加（特色）;借 landscape ['laendskeip]n.风景；风景画
❷ But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species * historic range.但如今仅剩下约 2. 2 万
只，栖息地约为该物种历史栖息地分布范围的16%。
49句子主干 But just some 22,000 birds remain today,（主+谓）
!现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语
—级修饰 occupying about 16% of the species' historic range.
词汇注释:occupy * ['nkjupai] vt.占用（空间或面积）;使用historic * [hfstonk] a.有史时期的；历史（性）的
第二段：:
❶ The crash was a major reason the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service （USFWS） decided to formally list the bird as
threatened.这种急剧下降是美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局（USFWS）决定正式将该鸟类列为受威胁物种的一
个主要原因。
句子主干 The crash was a major reason （主+系+表）
|省略关系词（why/that ）的定语从句，修饰a major reason
the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service （USFWS） decided to formally list the bird
—级修饰 介词短语作the bird的补足语]
as threatened.
「诵己主幕[crash去[kr时]几暴跌；碰撞声v.碰撞 threatened [*0ret （9）nd] a.受到威胁的；感到危险的
❷“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation," said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe."小草原榛鸡的处境很
危险，” USFWS的局长丹尼尔•阿什说道。
'*The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,"
句子主干 l直接引语作said的宾语
said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.（倒装句:宾+谓+主）
:词汇注释，desperate * [^esparst] a.极危险的；渴望的 situation * [.sitfu'eVn] n.状况；局面
❸ Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.然而，一些环保人士对此决定感到失望。
句子主干 Some environmentalists, however, were ois^pointed.（主+系+表）
；词汇注释 i environmentalist [m.vairan'mentalist] n.环保主义者 disappointed [tdiso'pointid] a.失望的
❹ They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered," a status that gives federal officials greater
regulatory power to crack down on threats.他们曾敦促该机构将这种鸟类列为"濒危物种”，这一定位将赋予
联邦官员更大的监管权力来严厉打击对该物种的威胁。
句子主干 They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as "endangered,” （主+谓+宾+宾补）
sxassesssssE： ...........“ ......................... - ----------------------
—级修饰 a status
that引导的定语从句，[修饰a
status
二级修饰 that gives federal officials greater regulatory power
[修饰
介词短语作后置定语, greater regulatory power
三级修饰 to crack down on threats.
i词汇注释:d*esignate fdezigneit]讨.指定a.尚未就职的 f*ederal 「fedml] a.联邦政府的
regulatory ['reqjshtori] a.具有监管权的 crack down严厉打击；镇压
❺ But Ashe and others argued that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially
less confrontational conservation approaches.但是，阿什和其他人认为，“受威胁物种”标签给了联邦政府尝
试“新的、潜在对抗性较小的保护方法”的灵活性。
50But Ashe and others argued （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作argued的宾语
that the "threatened" tag gave the federal government flexibility
动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰flexibility ：
一级修饰 to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches.
词汇注释 flexibility [.fleksa'bihti] n.灵活性；柔韧性 potentially [ps'tenfsli] ad.潜在地；可能地
confrontational [.kunfrAn'teijhl] a.对抗性的 conservation * [^nnss'veifh] n.保护；保持
© In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with
federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.特另，是
他们呼吁与西部各州政府（通常对联邦政府的举措感到不安）以及私有土地所有者（控制着约95%的草原榛
鸡栖息地）建立更紧密的合作关系。
句子主干 In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰closer collaborations
with western state governments,
一级修饰 and连接并列的介词短语
and with the private landowners
who引导的定语从句，修饰the private landowners T
who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken's habitat.
二级修饰 which引导的非限定性定语从句, 水卜充说明 western state governments
which are often uneasy with federal action,
词汇注释 forge ☆ [fb：d3] vt.建立；缔造n.铁匠铺 collaboration [ka.laeba'reVh] n.合作；协作
private ★ ['praivot] a.私有的；私人的 habitat * ['haebitaet] n.栖息地；生活环境
第三段板
❶ Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill,
harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.
据此计划，例如，该机构表示自己不会起诉非故意杀死、伤害或惊扰小草原榛鸡的土地所有者或企业，只要
他们已经签署一项为恢复草原榛鸡栖息地而制定的大范围管理计划。
Under the plan,
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的状语
for example,
[插入语
the agency said （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 :省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作said的宾语
it would not prosecute landowners or businesses
that引导的定语从句,[修饰landowners or businesses
that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird,
一级修饰 as long as引导的条件状语从句，作宾语从句的条件状语
as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan
动词不定式短语作后置定语J修饰a range-wide management plan
二级修饰 to restore prairie chicken habitat.
51词汇注释:prosecute ☆ ['prosi虹u:t] y.起诉；控告 unintentionally [.Anm'tenjbnsli] ad.非故意地；偶然地
disturb^ [di'st3：b] vt.干扰；妨碍 restore * [n'stoi(r)] vt.恢复；使复原；修复
❷ Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their
operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat,经 USFWS 与各州协商，
该计划要求，在经营中破坏栖息地的个人和企业向一项基金付款，每破坏一英亩栖息地，就要购买两英亩合
适的新栖息地来替代。
一级修饰 Negotiated by USFWS and the states,
I过去分词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 the plan requires individuals and businesses...to pay into a fund (主+谓+宾+宾补)
that引导的定语从句,j修饰individuals and businesses
that damage habitat as part of their operations
一级修饰 动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
to replace every acre destroyed
[介词短语作状语
二级修饰 with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.
词汇注释 negotiate * [nfgsufieit] vi.协商；谈判 individual * [.mdi'vidjusl] n.个人；个体 a.单独的
acre 去['eiko(r)] 〃.英亩(约 4047 平方米) s*uitable ['su:tobl] a.合适的；适宜的
❸ The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.该基金也将被用来补偿留出栖息地的土
地所有者。
句子主干 The fund will also be used (主+谓)
|动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
一级修饰 to compensate landowners
who引导的定语从句修饰landowners
二级修饰 who set aside habitat.
词汇注释:compensate * ['kumpenseit] vt.补偿 vi.弥补 set aside留作... 之用;把... 放在一边
❹ USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the
next 10 years. USFWS还设定了一个暂时性目标，即在未来十年将草原榛鸡的数量恢复至年均6.7万只。
句子主干 USFWS also set an interim goal (主+谓+宾)
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰an interim goal
-级修饰 of restoring prairie chicken populations
|介词短语作状语
to an annual average of 67,000 birds
二级修饰 介词短语作时间状语
over the next 10 years.
词汇注释！ interim^rmtgnm] 暂时的；临时的 annual * faenjusl] a.每年的；全年的
❺ And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of
monitoring progress.且该机构赋予了鱼类及野生动植物机构西部协会(WAFWA )----个州立机构联盟----
监督进展的职责。
52一级修饰 a coalition of state agencies,
[the Western Association...(WAFWA)的同位语
句子主干 And it gives the Western Association...(WAFWA),.,.the job (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the job]
—级修饰 of monitoring progress.
词汇注释:coalition [.ksua'l^h] n.联盟；联合政府 monitor ☆ ['mDnito(r)] vt.监督；检查 n.显示器
❻ Overall, the idea is to let "states remain in the driver's seat for managing the species," Ashe said.总的来说，其理念
就是让“各州在该物种管理方面处于主导地位，”阿什说。
—级修饰 Overall,
__________ [插入语
句子主干 the idea is to let "states remain (主+系+表)
UhHq=MS；5“'，m'r'=“LK=CX ——
'、 介词短语作状语]
in the driver's seat
—级修饰 插入语
Ashe said.
介词短语作后置定语,修饰the driver's seat
二级修饰 for managing the species/5
词汇注释 overall *L 9UV3r，0：1] ad-总体上 @ 总体的 species *「spi：J*i ：z] n.（动植物的）物种
第四段
❶Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.并不是所有人都会接受这种双赢的说辞。
句子主干 Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.(主+谓+宾)
■词汇注释■ win-win Lwm，win] a.双赢的；对各方都有益的 rhetoric ['retsnk] n.虚华辞藻；浮夸之词
❷ Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three
environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. 一些国会议员正在试图阻止该计划，且至少有十二个行业
团体、四个州和三个环保组织在联邦法庭上对该计划提出质疑。
(l)Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,(主+谓+宾)
| and连接的并列句
句子主干 (2)and at least a dozen industry groups, four states,...are challenging it (主+谓+宾)
| and连接的并列主语
and three environmental groups
介词短语作(2)句的地点状语
—级修饰 in federal court.
[最匚注样〕block宏[blDk]仇阻碍；妨碍〃.大块；街区 court * [ko：t] ".法庭；法院忧试图取悦
❸ Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn't go far enough.
行业团体和各州普遍认为该计划力度过大，但环保人士却表示其力度还不够大，这并不令人意外。
53—级修饰 Not surprisingly,
_________ 插入语
it goes too far;
,, 省略引导词（that ）的宾语从句，［作argue的宾语
（1） industry groups and states generally argue （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 |并列句
（2） environmentalists say （主+谓+宾从）
［省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作say的宾语
it doesn't go far enough.
❹"The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to
extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger. “联邦政府正将管理该鸟类的责任交给正在将其推向灭绝的同行业“，
生物学家杰伊•利宁格说。
二级修饰 that are pushing it to e*x*tinction,
that引导的定语从句，[修饰the same industries
to the same industries
一级修饰 介词短语作状语，表对象
fbr managing the bird
, 介词短语作后置定语，[修饰responsibility
“The federal government is giving responsibility
]直接引语作says的宾语
句子主干
says biologist Jay Lininger.（倒装句：宾+谓+主）
词汇注释:responsibility * [n.spDnsa'bihti] n.责任；负责 extinction [ik'stigkfh] n.灭绝；消亡；不复存在
Text 3
第一段］
❶That everyone's too busy these days is a cliche.现在每个人都很忙，这句话太老套了。
句子主干 That everyone's too busy these days is g£1如|1&.（主从+系+表）
i cliche fkliijei]^ 老套；陈词滥调
❷ But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully： There's never any time to read.但是，一个具体而又极其
悲哀的抱怨是：根本没有时间阅读。
句子主干 But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully:（主+谓）
| 解释说明 one specific complaint
—级修饰 Therenever any time
动词不定式作后置定语，[修饰time
二级修饰 to read.
;要点注释:副词especially和mournfully均作状语。
:词汇注释:c*omplaint [ksm'plemt] n.抱怨；埋怨 mournfully ad.悲哀地；凄惨地
54a
第二段：
O What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.让问题变得更
为棘手的是，那些常见的时间管理技巧似乎并不奏效。
What makes the problem thornier is...(主从+系+表从)
句子主干 that引导的表语从句[
that the usual time-management techniques don't seem sufficient.
:词汇注释:thorny ['0o:ni] a.棘手的；麻烦的 sufficient * [*fsy9ht] a.充足的；足够的
❷ The web's full of articles offering tips on making time to read: "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times.^,
网上满是介绍抽时间阅读的小窍门的文章：“不看电视”或“随时随身携带一本书”。
句子主干 The web's fijllofarticles （主+系+表）
[现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰articles
_级修饰 offering tips on making time to read:
[举例说明tips
二级修饰 "Give up TV" or "Carry a book with you at all times."
❸ But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn't work.但根据我的经验，靠这些方法
腾出零散的30分钟并没有什么用。
—级修饰 in my experience,
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 But...using such methods...doesn91 work.（主+谓）
|动词不定式短语作目的状语
—级修饰 to free up the odd 30 minutes
「疏己主漏]freeup腾出；使可用（于某目的） odd * [nd] a.零碎的；奇怪的；少量的
❹ Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you're so exhausted that a
challenging book's the last thing you need.坐下来阅读时，发现与工作相关的思绪像飞轮一样仍在不停地运转
着——要不就是你非常疲惫，以至于看一本具有挑战性的书成为你最不想干的事。
(1) Sit dovTi to read （祈使句：谓）
句子主干 | and：
连接的并列句
(2) and the fly wheel...keeps spinning （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰the flywheel
of work-related thoughts
一级修饰 补充说明
―or else you're so exhausted
__________ [so... that引导的结果状语从句
二级修饰 that a challenging book's the last thing
省略关系词(that )的定语从句，[修饰the last thing
三级修饰 you need.
词汇注释：flywheel fflaiwi:!] n.飞轮；惯性轮 spin ☆ [spin] v.（使）快速旋转；（使）急转身
55❺ The modem mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, "is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication...It is not
simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.小说家兼评论家蒂姆•帕克斯写道：
现代人的思想“绝对是倾向于交流……不是人们被打断这么简单；事实上是人们愿意中断”。
二级修饰 a novelist and critic,
同位语]补充说明Tim Parks
一级修饰 Tim Parks,...writes,
[插入语
（l）The modem mind,...“is overwhelmingly incUned toward communication...（主+系+表）
并列句
句子主干 （2） It is not simply tha£onejs^itemipted;（主+系+表从）
并列句
（3） it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.（主+系+表从）
迷邕 (1 )句中的副词overwhelmingly作状语，修饰inclinedo
novelist fnnvolist] n.小说家 critic * ['kntik] n.评论家；批评家
inclined [m'klamd] a.倾向于... 的；想（做某事） interrupt 虫[jntSrApt] vt.使暂停 v.打扰
❻ Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can't be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.
深度阅读需要的不仅是时间，而且是一种特殊的时间，这种特殊的时间是无法仅靠提高效率就能获得的。
句子主干 Deep reading requires空虫竺坝些L坝顼理竺蛆现吐丝坦5?(主+谓+宾)
which引导的定语从句，［修饰a special kind of time
—级修饰 which can't be obtained
介词短语作方式状语］
二级修饰 merely by becoming more efficient.
❶ In fact, “becoming more efficient" is part of the problem.实际上，“变得更加高效”是问题的一部分。
句子主干 In fact, “becoming more efficient" is part^fth^problem.（主+系+表）
❷ Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as
well spent only in SO far as it advances progress toward some goal.将时间看作一种需要最大限度利用的资源意味着
你功利性地对待时间，认为只有每一刻朝着某一特定目标迈进才是充分利用了时间。
—级修饰 to be maximised
动词不定式短语作后置定语，［修饰a resource
Thinking of time as a resource...means （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 省略引导词(that)的宾语从句，［作means的宾语
you approach it instrumentally,
|现在分词短语作宾语从句的伴随状语
一级修饰 judging any given moment as well spent
[in so far as引导的条件状语从句
二级修饰 only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal.
i J
instrumentally [.mstra mentli] ad.有助盆地；仪器地 in so far as 到... 程度；在....范围
56© Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting.相反，
沉浸式阅读需要人们愿意承担低效率、无目标，甚至浪费时间的风险。
一级修饰 by contrast,
[插入语
Immersive reading,...depends on (主+谓+宾)
句子主干 [动名词短语作depends on的宾语
being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting.
i词汇注释i immersive [*mi3 ：siv] a.沉浸式虚拟现实的 inefficiency [jm'fifhsi] n.低效率；无能
❹ Try to slot it in as a to-do list item and you'll manage only goal-focused reading—useful, sometimes, but not the most
fulfilling kind.试图把它（阅读）作为一个待办事项列在清单上，你将只能进行目标性强的阅读——有时有用，
但却并非最让人满意的阅读方式。
—级修饰 as a to-do list item
__________ ］介词短语作状语
（1） Try t^sloHtjn （祈使句：谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and you'll manage 辿珪些些竺竺四竺虫我（主+谓+宾）
］补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 一useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind.
［iiaf J本句是“祈使句+and+陈述句“句型，其中，祈使句相当于T条件状语从句，陈述句相当于主句。
:顶还主修］slot sth. in为……安排时间（或提供机会） fulfilling ［fuFfilir）］令人满意的
❺"The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt," writes Gary Eberle
in his book Sacred Time, and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles （days, hours, minutes） as they pass,
for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.""未来像永不停歇、几近无穷的传送带上的空瓶
子一样向我们走来，”加里-埃伯利在他《神圣的时间》这本书中写道；“当这些不同大小的瓶子（天、小时、
分钟）经过时，要填满它们让我们感到有压力，因为如果它们没有被填满就过去了的话，我们就是浪费了时间。”
二级修饰 along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,"
l介词短语作后置定语，修饰empty bottles
like empty bottles
一级修饰 介词短语作The future的补足语
writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,
, l插入语，补充说明句子主干
（1） "The future comes at us （主+谓+宾）
| and连接的并列句
句子主干 (2)and "we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes)
]for连接的并列句，表原因
for...we will have wasted them.^,
[if引导的条件状语从句
if they get by without being filled,
一级修饰 as引导的时间状语从句, 作（2）句的时间状语
as they pass,
57词汇注释 unstoppable [An'stnpsbl] a.止不住的 infinite * ['infinst] a.无穷尽的；极大的
conveyor belt传送带，输送带 get by通过；走过；维持生计
❻No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.这种思维模式最不利于让自己沉浸在一本书中。
句子主干 No mind-set could be worse （主+系+表）
[介词短语作状语
—级修饰 for losing yourself in a book.
第四段]
❶So what does work?那什么方法才有用呢？
句子主干 So what does work?（特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+谓语动词）
❷Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading,安排固定的阅读时间,这或许会出人意料。
句子讲解！本句是对❶句的回答，为省略句；动名词短语scheduling regular times for reading作主语,省略
了谓语works;句首的Perhaps表示可能性，副词surprisingly作状语。
词汇注海：schedule★苹dju:l]w.安排；计划儿日程安排 r*egular [YegjahCr）] a.固定的；有规律的
❸ You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us "step
outside time's flow” into "soul time."你会认为这可能会激发重效率的思维模式，但实际上，埃伯利指出，这种
例行行为有助于我们“从时间流逝中走出来”，进入“灵魂时间”。
⑴You'd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,（主+谓+宾从）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 （2）but...such ritualistic behaviour helps us （主+谓+宾+宾补）
[动词短语作us的补足语
"step outside time's flow'，
:介词短语作状语
into "soul time."
一级修饰 插入语
in fact, Eberle notes,
i词汇注释： ritualistic [.ntfualistik] a.惯常的；仪式的 flow * [flsu] n.流；流动讨流动
❹ You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers.你可以通过只阅读纸质
书或使用单一用途的电子阅读器来减少分心。
句子主干 You could limit distractions （主+谓+宾）
I介词短语作句子主干的方式状语
by reading only physical books,
一级修饰 |。菠接并列的介词短语
or （by reading） on single-purpose e-readers.
i词汇注释i l*imit [•limit] w.减量；限制札限度 distraction [dfstraekfh]几使人分心的事
❺"Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes
58the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down."随日寸随身
携带一本书”确实也起作用，前提是你得经常沉浸其中，以使阅读成为一种默认状态，你可以暂时从中抽身
去处理事情，之后再重新浸入阅读中。
句子主干 “Carry a book with you at all times" can actually work, too （主+谓）
插入语，[补充说明句子主干
一级修饰 —providing you dip in often enough,
［so that引导的结果状语从句
二级修饰 so that reading becomes the default state
which引导的定语从句，修饰the default state］
三级修饰 from which you temporarily surface to take care of business,
［介词短语作时间状语
四级修饰 before dropping back down.
i词汇注释i default state默认状态；缺省状态 temporarily「temprgli] ad.暂时地；临时地
❻ On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you're "making time to read," but just reading, and making time for
everything else.在真正美好的一天中，你不再会感到自己好像是在“挤时间阅读”，而是仅仅在阅读，并且是
要挤出时间去做其他事。
一级修饰 On a really good day,
［介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
a
i
s=
t
e
n
--
o
-- -
lo
--
n
-
g
--
e
--
r
- -
f
-
e
-
e ，一ls as if you're "making time to read,"（主+系+表从）
but连接的并列谓语
句子主干 but （are） just reading,
and连接的并列谓语
and （are） making time for everything else.
Text 4
第一段】
O Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new
21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. 一项最新的民意调查发现，在经济和人口结构急剧变化
的背景下，较为年轻的美国人正在绘制一幅崭新的21世纪成功路线图。
二级修饰 in economy and population structure,
介词短语作后置定语,］修饰drastic changes
—级修饰 Against a backdrop of drastic changes
__________ !介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 younger Americans are drawing 芝巴竺（主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，［修饰a new 21st-century road map
to success,
一级修饰 插入语
a latest poll has found.
59词汇注释 backdrop ['backdrop] n.背景；背景幕布 drastic ['draestik] a.急剧的；猛烈的；极端的
第二段]
O Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life,
including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.纵观几代人，美国人依然高度
重视很多相同的、传统的成功人生标志事件，包括结婚、生子、购房以及在六十多岁时退休。
_级修饰 Across generational lines,
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 Americans continue （主+谓+宾）
介词短®后语,same traditional milestones
of a successful life,
*卜充说明 the same traditional milestones
—级修饰 including getting married, having children, owning a home,
| and连接并列的动名词短语
and retiring in their sixties.
「商定注释]p*rize [praiz]w.高度重视；珍视儿奖；奖励 milestone fmailstaun] n.重要事件；里程碑
❷ But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different
paths for reaching it.对什么才算是美满生活的终点线，尽管年轻一代和年老一代的看法基本一致，但他们采取
的实现途径却截然不同。
what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life,
—级修饰 |what引导的宾语从句，作agree on的宾语
while young and old mostly agree on
_________ |while引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 But...they offer strikingly differentjpatfis （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰different paths
一级修饰 for reaching it.
词汇注释 constitute * ['kunstitjul] link. v.（被认为或看作）是；被视为 strikingly fstraikigli] ad.显著地
第三段
❶ Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in
their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more
public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or
having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey
found.调查发现，相较于年纪稍长的成年人，仍处于人生起步阶段的年轻人更有可能：在工作中优先考虑个
人成就感，认为定期更换工作最能推动自身事业的发展，偏爱公共服务更多以及生活节奏较快的社区，赞成
夫妻在结婚或生子前应有经济保障，主张孩子最好由均在外工作的双亲来抚育。
60the survey found.
插入语
一级修饰 than older adults
than...作比较状语
who are still getting started in life
[who引导的定语从句，修饰Young people 、 “
Yom^ people...were more likely...to prioritize pereonal fulfillment in their work,（主+谓+宾）
|并列的动词不定式短语
to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs,
|并列的动词不定式短语
句子主干 to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life,
|并列的动词不定式短语
to agree that couples...secure before getting married or having children,
| and连接并列的动词不定式短语
and to maintain 由at children are best served
[介词by引出动作的发出者
一级修饰 by two parents working outside the home,
要点注释 to believe...中，省略引导词(that )的宾语从句，作believe的宾语；to agree...中，that引导的宾
语从句，作agree的宾语；to maintain...中，that引导的宾语从句，作maintain的宾语。
词汇注释i prioritize [prai'nrstaiz] vt.优先考虑 maintain * [mem'tem] vt.坚持认为；维修
第四段
O From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,
those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all
aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.从事业到社区和家庭，这些差异
表明：在灼热的大衰退的余波中，那些人生刚刚起步的人正在定义自己的优先事项和期望，而这些优先事项
和期望将逐渐蔓延到美国人生活的几乎所有方面，从消费者偏好到居住模式再到政治活动。
-级修饰 From career to community and family,
[介词短语作状语，表范围
these contrasts suggest （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 :that引导的宾语从句,作suggest的宾语
that...those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations
|介词短语作宾语从句的时间状语
in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession,
-级修饰 that引导的定语从句， 修饰priorities and expectations
that will increasingly spread
介词短语作状语，表范围[
二级修饰 through virtually all aspects of American life,
补充说明]
三级修饰 from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.
词汇注释i aftermath [h：血maeO] 余波；后果；创伤searing ['siang] a.灼热的；火辣辣的；猛烈批评的
startout开始从事；着手；从业 virtually ['vsitfusli] ad.几乎；差不多
61第五段I
O Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder
for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations.年轻一代和年老一代在一个关键点上看
法趋于一致： 双方绝大多数人表示，他们认为相比于前几代人，现在年轻人的人生更难起步。
句子主干 Young and old converge on one key point:（主+谓）
解释说明句子主干]
Overwhelming majorities of both groups said
省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，[作said的宾语
一级修饰 they believe
省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，[作believe的宾语
it is harder for young people today to get started in life
| than引导的比较状语从句
二级修饰 than it was for earlier generations.
要点注释 it is harder...life中，it为形式主语，动词不定式短语to get started in life作真正的主语；介词for
用于引出动词不定式短语的逻辑主语young peopleo
词汇注释 converge ☆ [kon'v3：d3]诅集中；汇集 overwhelming |>ov#welmMg] a.巨大的；压倒性的
❷ While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today,
big majorities in both groups believe those "just getting started in life" face a tougher climb than earlier generations
in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding
affordable housing.对于那些如今刚起步的人的前景，较年轻的人虽然比年长者稍微更乐观一些，但双方大多
数人还是认为，在实现诸如找到一份高薪工作、组建一个家庭、管理债务及找到可以负担得起的住房这些标
志性成就时， 那些“人生刚起步”的年轻人比前几代人面临更艰难的攀行。
about the prospects for those starting out today,
二级修饰 介词短语作状语
than their elders
“ [than...作比较状语
一级修饰 W呼le younger people are somewhat more optimistic
|While引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
big majorities in both groups believe （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，[作believe的宾语
those "just getting started in life" face a tougher climb
| than...作比较状语
than earlier generations
一级修饰 介词短语作状语
in reaching such signpost achievements
|such...as举例说明signpost achievements
as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt,
| and连接并列的动名词短语
二级修饰
and finding affordable housing.
词汇注释 prospect * ['prospekt] 〃.前景;可能性 signpost「sampoust] 〃.路标；道路指示牌
62第六段
❶Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.皮特•施耐德认为现今向上攀升更为艰难。
句子主干 Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today.（主+谓+宾+宾补）
❷ Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from
college.施耐德是一名来自芝加哥郊区的27岁汽车技师，他说自己在大学毕业后好不容易才找到一份工作。
二级修饰 from the Chicago suburbs,
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰a 27-year-old auto technician
_级修饰 a 27-year-old auto technician
| Schneider的同位语
句子主干 Schneider,... says堕迎四匝理咳（主+谓+宾从）
[介词短语作宾语从句的时间状语
—级修饰 after graduating from college.
i 词汇注释 i technician * [tek'mfh] n.技师；技术员 suburb [*SAb3 ：b] n.郊区；城外
❸ Even now that he is working steadily, he said, "I can't afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I
have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.,,尽管现在工作稳定，“我还是无法独立付清每月的房屋贷
款，因此，我不得不把房间租给别人来确保还贷”，他说道。
—级修饰 Even now that he is working steadily,
[让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
he said,（主+谓+宾）
[直接引语作said的宾语
句子主干 “I can't afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own,
| so连接的并列句，表因果
SO I have to rent rooms out to people
[动词不定式短语作g的状语
—级修饰 to make that happen.,,
i词汇注释i steadily [,stedsli] ad.稳定地；不断地 m* ortgage ['mo:gid3] n.房屋抵押贷款；按揭
❹ Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had
completed college when he was young.回顾过去，他突然发现，在他小时候，即使他的父母都没有上过大学，却
也能够为孩子们提供舒适的生活。
―级修饰 Looking back,
[现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语
he is struck （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作is struck的宾语
that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children
[even though引导的让步状语从句
even though neither had completed college
一级修饰 when引导的时间状语从句
when he was young.
63❺"I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn't have college d*egrees/ Schneider said."虽然我
的父母并没有大学文凭，但是我仍然在一个上层中产阶级家庭中长大，”施耐德说。
二级修饰 who didn't have college degrees,"
who引导的定语从句,］修饰parents
—级修饰 in an upper middle-class home with parents
［介词短语作直接引语的状语
"I still grew up
句子主干 ［直接引语作said的宾语
Schneider said.（宾+主+谓）
❻“I don't think people are capable of that anymore."我认为（现在的）人们再也做不到那样了 o ”
句子主干 “I don't think 里翌蒙里蛆堂£陞性芝X巴£壁•'（主+谓+宾从）
「要点注释］从逻辑角度而言，本句亦为上文❺句中said的宾语。
P*t ai B
〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/〃〃〃〃
第一段］
。As adults, it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results.作为成年人，我们似乎在不
断地追求幸福，结果却常常是好坏不一。
—级修饰 As adults,
［介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 it seems （主+系+表从）
|介词短语作句子主干的结果状语
_级修饰 often with mixed results.
"司定商筐］p*ursue ［p^sjujw.追求；致力于；追逐 mixed ［mikst］ a.混合的；混杂的
❷ Yet children appear to have it down to an art—and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.但是，
孩子们似乎对此驾轻就熟，并且大多数情况下，他们不需要励志书籍或者治疗。
句子主干 Yet children appear to have it down to an art （主+谓+宾+宾补）
|补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 一and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.
i 词汇注释：:have sth. down to an art 把... 学到家 therapy * ［^erspi］ n.治疗；疗法
❸ Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.相反，他彳门
本能地守护自己的幸福，而且通常要比成年人做得更有成效。
句子主干 Instead, they look after their wellbeing （主+谓+宾）
［and连接并列的副词（短语）作句子主干的状语
—级修饰 instinctively, and usually more effectively
| than引导的比较状语从句
二级修饰 than we do as grownups.
64词汇注释 wellbeing [*werbi:ir ）] n.幸福；健康 instinctively [m'stirjktivli] ad.本能地；直觉地
❹ Perhaps it 's time to learn a few lessons from them.或许，是时候从孩子们身上学习一些经验了。
Perhaps 眨 time （主+系+表）
句子主干 [动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰time
to learn a few lessons from them.
第二段
❶What does a child do when he's sad?孩子难过时会做什么呢？
句子主干 What does a child do （特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+主+谓语动词）
[when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
—级修饰 when he's sad?
❷He cries.他会哭。
句子主干 He cries.（主+谓）
❸When he's angry?生气时呢？
:句子讲解:本句是省略句，补充完整为What does a child do when he5s angryo该句中，when引导的时间状语
"从句，作句子主干的时间状语。
❹He shouts.他会大声喊叫°
句子主干 He shouts.（主+谓）
❺Scared?害怕时呢？
句子讲解 本句是省略句，补充完整为What does a child do when he is scaredo when引导的时间状语从句中,
形容词scared作表语。
❻Probably a bit of both.可能两者兼有一些。
：句子讲解:本句是对❺句的回答，副词Probably表示一种可能性，both指代cries和shouts。
❼ As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviors, which is in
many ways a good thing.随着不断成长，我们学会了控制自己的情绪，这样，情绪便是可控的，也不会支配我
们的行为，从许多方面来说，这是件好事。
一级修饰 As we grow up,
[As引导的时间状语从句，作（1）句的时间状语
（l）we learn to control our emotions （主+谓+宾）
I SO连接的并列句，表因果
句子主干 （2）so they are manageable （主+系+表）
and连接的并列谓语
and don't dictate our behaviors,
which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 which is in many ways a good thing.
顶我主释 manageable ['maemdssbl] a.可操纵的；可管理的 dictate★[dik，teit]y.支配；决定；口述
❽ But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. 但是，我们常常
做得太过，最终压抑了自己的情绪，特别是负面情绪。
65But too often we take th^process too far （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and end up suppressing emotions,
插入语,[补充说明emotions
—级修饰 especially negative ones.
词汇注释! s*uppress [*psraes] vt.抑制；禁止（发表）；镇压 n*egative ['negativ] a.负面的；消极的
❾ That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.这种做法大概等同于把灰尘扫到
地毯下面，我们甚至会因此而生病。
一级修饰 as brushing dirt under a carpet
I介词短语作比较状语
That's about as effective （主+系+表）
句子主干 and连接的并列谓语
and can even make us ill.
词汇注释i brush 去[brAf]射.拂；擦 carpet☆ [*ka:pit] n.地毯
What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then—again, like
children-move on.我们需要做的是，找到一种方法来正视并适当地表达我们的情绪，然后一再像孩子那
样——继续前进。
What we need to do is （to） find a way （主从+系 +表）
句子主干 and连接的并列表语I
and then...（to） move on.
，插入语
―again, like children—
动词不定式短语作后置定语, 修饰a way
-级修饰 to acknowledge and express
what引导的宾语从句，[作acknowledge and express的宾语
what we feel appropriately,
要点注释！本句中，主语是带有动词do且由What引导的主语从句，故其表语的动词不定式符号to须省略。
词汇注释 i acknowledge 女[sk'nDlid3] w.承认 appropriately [Sproopriotli] ad.适当地；合适地
第三段】
O A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for
Christmas.几年前的圣诞节，我最小的继女，那时候她只有九岁，收到了一份圣诞节礼物- ,件超人T恤。
A couple of Christmases ago,
-级修饰 名词短语作句子主干的时间状语
for Christmas.
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰a Superman T-shirt
句子主干 my youngest stepdaughter,...got a Superman T-shirt （主+谓+宾）
[who引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明my youngest stepdaughter
_级修饰 who was nine years old at the time,
词汇注释 stepdaughter [*stepdo:t9 （r）] n.继女 Superman ['su:p9rmaen] n.超人
66❷ It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn't stop talking about it.虽然这件 T 恤的花费不到五美元,
但她却非常高兴，一直都在谈论它。
（1）R cost lessjhan^fiyer （主+谓+宾）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 （2）but she was烈坦也宜，（主+系+表）
I and连接的并列谓语
and couldn't stop talking about it.
© Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally
be content, but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.我们常常认为，一^份
新工作、一套更大的房子或一辆更好的车便是可以使我们获得最终满足感的灵丹妙药，但现实是，这鱼东西
很少会对我们的幸福感产生持久性的影响。
—级修饰 that will allow us to finally be content,
that引导的定语从句，[修饰the magic silver bullet
▼
that a new job, bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet
[that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语
（1） Too often we believe （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 I but连接的并列句，表转折
（2） but the reality is...（主+系+表从）
[省略引导词（that）的表语从句
these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels.
;词汇注释:silver bullet （解决复杂问题的）良方；高招 content * [kan'tent] a.满足的[Content] n.内容
❹ Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing,相反，每天对小事心存感
激是提升幸福感的更好方法。
句子主干 Instead, being gratefid for small things...is ajmuchJ^etterjw^ （主+系+表）
]名词短语作时间状语
every day
—级修饰 动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a much better way
to improve wellbeing.
第四段］
❶Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?你有没有注意过孩子们有多爱笑？
Have you ever noticed （一般疑问句：助动词+主+谓语动词+宾从）
句子主干 [how引导的宾语从句，作Have...noticed的宾语
how much children laugh?
❷ If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies,
increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off
infection.如果我们成年人能够放任自己犯点傻，傻笑几声，我们就能减少体内的压力激素，增加类似内啡肽
的有益激素，促进心脏血液流动，甚至还可以提高抵抗感染的概率。
67一级修饰 If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling,
[if引导的条件状语从句，作句子主干的条件状语
we would reduce thBstressJionnones in our bodies,(主+谓+宾)
并列谓宾
(would) increase good hormones like endorphins,
句子主干 并列谓宾
(would) improve blood flow to our hearts
and连接的并列谓宾
and (would) even have a greater chance of fighting off infection.
:词华君 indulge in沉溺于；沉湎于 giggle * ['gigl] v.傻笑；咯咯笑
endorphin [e^do^m]儿内啡肽 infection [mTekfh] n.感染；传染
All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.当然，所有的这些都会对我们的幸福水
平产生积极影响。
一级修饰 of course,
[插入语
句子主干 All of which would,...have a^ositiyejeffect (主+谓+宾)
介词短语作后置定语，:修饰a positive effect
一级修饰 on our happiness levels.
本句主语中的which代替本段❷句中句子主干的内容。
Q The problem with being a grownup is that there's an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with一work, mortgage payments,
figuring out what to cook for dinner.成年人要面对的问题是总有很多重要的事情要处理 工作、偿还房屋贷款、
考虑晚饭吃什么。
—级修饰 with being a grownup
]介词短语作后置定语,修饰The problem
句子主干 The problem...is 业匚虫登3皇些西?(主+系+表从)
举例说明an awful lot of serious stuff]
—级修饰 ―work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.
i词汇注释i an awful lot of许多；大量的 s*tuff [stAf] «.事情；物品讥塞满；装满
❷ Bui as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it's important that we schedule in time
to enjoy the things we love.但是，作为成年人，我们也享有控制自己日程的奢侈权利，同时，合理安排时间去
享受自己喜欢的东西也很重要。
(1) But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries (主+谓+宾)
and连接的并列句
句子主干 (2) and iTs irr^ortant (主+系+表)
[it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
that we schedule in time to enjoy the things
省略关系词(which/that)的定语从句，[修饰the things
一级修饰 we love.
68❸ Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)—
it doesn't matter, so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much
alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you're on a tight budget.那些可能是有关社交、运动、创意或完全随机
的事情(在客厅跳舞，有人做过吗？)——这没什么，只要它们能让我们感到心情愉悦且不大可能会造成不
良影响，如喝太多酒或在经济拮据时肆意挥霍。
句子主干 Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (主+系+表)
补充说明 completely random j
(dancing around the living room, anyone?)
—级修饰 补充说明句子主干
—it doesn't matter,
so long as引导的条件状语从句|
二级修饰 so long as they're enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects,
as...举例说明negative side effects [
such
such as drinking too much alcohol
|。健接并列的动名词短语
三级修饰
or going on a wild spending spree
[i青I导的条件状语从句
四级修饰 if you're on a tight budget.
词汇注释：random ★ [Taendom] a.随机的；随意的 side effect意外的连带后果；副作用
alcohol * ['aelkohDl] n.酒；含酒精饮料 spree [spri:] n.（过分）玩乐；纵乐.
第六段〕
O Having said all of the above, it's important to add that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.上面说了这么多，需要补
充的一点是，我们不需要过分地去追求幸福。
一级修饰 Having said all of the above,
[现在分词短语作句子主干的状语
it's important （主+系 +表）
[it为形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
句子主干 to add
[that引导的宾语从句，作add的宾语
that we shouldn't try too hard to be happy.
❷ Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.科学家告诉我们，这样做会
适得其反，事实上还会对我们的幸福产生负面影响。
Scientists tell us （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
句子主干 [省略引导词（that）的宾语从句，作tell的直接宾语
this can backfire and actually have a negative impact
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰a negative impact
—级修饰 on our wellbeing.
69词汇注释 backfire [.bae^faiafr）] w.适得其反；事与愿违
❸ As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: "Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness?,
正如中国哲学家庄子所说：“无为诚乐。”
As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:
〔As引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
句子主干 “Happiness is （主+系+表）
词汇注释：p*hilosopher [fo^nsafbCr)] n.哲学家；深思的人strive * [straiv] v.力求；力争；努力
❹ And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural
byproduct of the way they live.正因为如此，我们更应以孩子为榜样，对他们来说，幸福不是目标，而是他们
自身生活方式自然产生的额外收获。
—级修饰 once more,
__________ ［插入语
句子主干 And in that,...we need to look to the example of our children,（主+谓+宾）
whom引导的非限定性定语从句,［补充说明our children
to whom happiness is not a goal
一级修饰 not...but连接的并列表语|
but a natural byproduct of the way
省略（in which ）或关系词（that ）的定语从句,［修饰the way
二级修饰 they live.
"有;匚钱旌］byproduct ［'baiprodAkt］ 附带产生的结果；副产品
Section IB Translation
❶ The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors.超市的设计旨
在吸引顾客在店里停留尽可能长的时间。
句子主干 The supermarket is designed (主+谓)
]动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
to lure customers
t介词短语作customers的补足语
一级修饰
into spending as much time as possible
|介词短语作地点状语
二级修饰 within its doors.
顶匚注程 design * [di'zam] vt.设计；计划；意欲 lure * [lua(r)]讨.引诱；劝诱".吸引力；魅力
❷ The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the
more you'll buy.原因很简单：你在店里停留的时间越长，看到的商品就越多，你看到的商品越多，购买的商
品也就越多。
70句子主干 The reason for this is simple:（主+系+表）
|解释说明句子主干
the more stuff you'll see,
—级修饰 and连接的并列句|
and...the more you'll buy.
八 比较状语从句
The longer you stay in the store,
二级修饰 比较状语从句
the more stuff you see,
［蔓声主费〕冒号后的句子为and连接的并列句，均使用了 “the+比较级……，the +比较级……”结构，表示
一方的程度随另一方的变化而变化。
❸ And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.超市有大量的商品出售。
句子主干 And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.（主+谓+宾）
❹ The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many
carry tens of thousands more.根据食品营销研究院的调查，普通超市大约有4.4万种不同的商品，还有很多超市
会再多出数万种。
—级修饰 according to the Food Marketing Institute,
__________ 插入语］
（1） The average supermarket,... carries （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and many carry 竺也史坦坐空虫变蜓.（主+谓+宾）
i词汇注释i institute * ［*mstitju:t ］ n.（教育、专业等）机构；协会item * ［'aitsm］ n.—件商品；项目；条款
❺ The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.选择如此之多足
以使顾客陷入信息超负荷的状态。
句子主干 The sheer volume of available choice is enough （主+系 +表）
动词不定式短语作结果状语j
—级修饰 to send shoppers
介词短语作状语］
二级修饰 into a state of information overload.
「有菸主幕］sheer ★ ［Jia（r）］ a.（用来强调事物的大小、程度或数量）avaHable* ［sVeilabl］可获得的；可购得的
❻ According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.脑部扫
描实验表明，需要做出如此之多的决策很快会让我们难以承受。
—级修饰 According to brain-scan experiments,
__________ ［插入语
句子主干 the demands...quickly become toojnuch for us.（主+系+表）
［介词短语作后置定语,修饰the demands
一级修饰 of so much decision-making
71❼ After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping
emotionally—which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended
buying.大约购物40分钟后，大多数人不再费心去理性选择，转而开始冲动购物——就是从这一刻起，我们
将原来根本没有打算买的那一半商品堆入了购物车。
_级修饰 After about 40 minutes of shopping,
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
most people stop struggling to be rationally selective,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 | and连接的并列谓宾
and instead begin shopping emotionally
__________ 补充说明
_级修饰 一which is the point
介词at+which引导的定语从句，[修饰the point
二级修饰 at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart
that引导的定语从句，修饰the 50 percent of stuff |
三级修饰 that we never intended buying.
:词汇注释：selective [si'lektrv] a 认真挑选的；选择性的 accumulate * [9'kju:mjaleit] vt.积累；积聚
72
