2018年考研英语（二哗率哮哩遂@
Section I Use of English
a 第一段】
❶ Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?为什么人们会阅
读负面的网络评论，并且做其他明显会让自己不愉快的事情呢？
Why do people read negative Internet comments
句子主干 |and连接的并列谓宾
and do other things
f that引导的定语从句，修饰other things
—级修饰 that will obviously be painful?
i要点注释:： 本句为特殊疑问句，由“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语”构成。
i词汇注释■: negative * fnegstiv] a.负面的；否定的 c*omment [*knment] n.评论；议论
obviously ['obvissli] ad.明显地；显然 painful * ['pemfl] a.不愉快的；艰难的
❷ Because humans have an inherent need to resolve uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.
根据《心理科学》最近的一项研究可知，（这是）因为人类生来就有消除不确定性的需求。
—级修饰 to resolve uncertainty,
动词不定式短语作后置定语，[修饰an inherent need
句子主干 Because humans have ajHidierentjieed （主+谓+宾）
插入语,j补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 according to a recent study in Psychological Science.
[通匚薄 inherent * [mluarant] a.生来就有的；固有的 psychological [.saiks'lndsikl] a.心理的;心理学的
❸ The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is
clear the answerwill hurt.这项新研究显示，人们了解未知的需求如此强烈，以至于即使答案明显会令人不快，
他们也会设法满足自己的好奇心。
The new research reveals （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 | that引导的宾语从句，作reveals的宾语
that the need to know is so strong
so...that引导的结果状语从句，[作宾语从句的结果状语
—级修饰 that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity
when引导的时间状语从句J作结果状语从句的时间状语
even when it is clear
二级修饰 it为形式主语J省略引导词（that）的主语从句作真正的主语
the answer will hurt.
：词汇注释 reveal * [n'viil] vt.显示；表明；透露 satisfy * ['saetisfai] vt.使满足；使满意
OI第二段：
O In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business
109tested s*tudents willingness to expose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.在一*系歹U的四
项实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家们测试了学生们为了满足好奇心而让自己遭受令人不
快的刺激的意愿。
—级修饰 In a series of four experiments,
]介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 behavioral scientists...tested students9 willingness （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰behavioral scientists
at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business
—级修饰 动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰students，willingness
to expose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an efibrt to satisfy curiosity.
；词汇注释 i stimulus [^timjahs] n. （pl. stimuli）刺激；促进因素 c*uriosity [ikjuari'nssti] n.好奇心；求知欲
@ For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.
其中一项试验中，研究人员向每位参与者展示了一堆笔，并称这些笔来自先前的一项实验。
_级修饰 For one trial,
__________ |介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 each participant was shown apile^fpens （主+谓+宾）
that引导的定语从句，修饰a pile of pens |
一级修饰 that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.
:要点注释:that引导的定语从句中，the researcher claimed为插入语。
:词汇注释 '、'、、t*rial ['traial] n. 审判试验；测试 p*articipant [pa:'tisipsnt] n.参与者；参加者
a pile of 一堆；许多 previous * ['pri:vi9s] a.先前的；以往的
❸The twist?有何蹊跷？
[旬子i井薜]本句是一种特殊的口语表达，不符合语法规范，用于引起读者的兴趣。
[诃还主程[twist☆ [twist]儿（故事或情况的）突然变化；旋转w.使弯曲
❹ Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock when clicked.按动时，有一半的笔会产生电击。
句子主干 Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock (主+谓+宾)
when引导的时间状语从句J作句子主干的时间状语
一级修饰 when (they were) clicked.
「商定-注释
deliver * [di'liva(r)] v.传送(文中引申为“产生” )electric shock 电击；触电
第三段
❶ Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were
electrified. 27名学生被告知具体哪些笔带电；另外27名学生仅被告知有一些笔带电。
(1) Twenty-seven students were told 皿迪竺土既吃段竺^迎国；(主+谓+宾从)
|并列句
句子主干
(2) another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.(主+谓+宾从)
词汇注释 electrify [flektnfai] w.使带电；使通电；使电气化；使兴奋；使激动
❷ When left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and
110incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would happen.当被单独留在房间里时，那些不知道哪些笔
会对自己产生电击的学生比那些知道将会发生什么的学生按动的笔更多，因此遭受的电击也更多。
一级修饰 Wh&i (the students were) left alone in the room,
|When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
the students...clicked morejpens （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 八and连接的并列谓宾|
and incurred more shocks
who引导的定语从句,修饰the students
who did not know
than...作句子主干的比较状语
一级修饰 than the students who knew what would happen.
which引导的宾语从句，作did not know的宾语
which ones would shock them
比较状语than...中，who引导的定语从句中嵌套一个what引导的宾语从句，作knew的宾语。
爵匚薛 alone * [a'hun] ad.单独；独自 i*ncur [*km3 ：(r)]w.遭受；招致；引起
❸ Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, such as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard
and photographs of disgusting insects.随后的实验利用其他刺激物再现了这种结果，例如指甲刮黑板的声音和令
人作呕的昆虫照片。
句子主干 Subsequent experiments reproduced this^fect （主+谓+宾）
]介词短语作方式状语
_级修饰 with other stimuli,
[such as...举例说明other stimuli
sudi as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard
二级修饰 | and连接并列的名词短语
and photographs of disgusting insects.
词汇注释:subsequent * fsAbsikwant] a.随后的，之后的 reproduce * [.ri^r^dju^] vt.再现；复制 v,繁殖
fingernail ['firjgsneil] n.手指甲 chalkboard [娘:kbo:d] n.黑板
disgusting [dis'gAstig] a.令人厌恶的；极糟的 i*nsect ['msekt] n.昆虫；虫
第四段
O The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter, says Christopher
Hsee of the University of Chicago.芝加哥大学的奚恺元表示，探索的本能需求深深植根于人类体内，几乎与人
类对食物或住所的基本需求一样。
句子主干 The drive to discover is deeply ronted in humans,（主+谓）
|补充说明句子主干
much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter,
一级修饰 插入语，补充说明句子主干
says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.
i词汇注释 d*rive [draiv] n.本能需求；强烈欲望y.开车 shelter * »«] n.住处；居所；遮蔽仇.保护
❷ Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can lead to new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes suchinquiry can backfire.好奇心通常被认为是一种有益的本能---例如，它能够带来新的科学进步----但有时这
种探究可能会适得其反。
—t can lead to new scientific advances, for instanct
一级修饰 举例说明（1 ）句
a good instinct
]名词短语作C uriosity的补足语
（1） Curiosity is often considered （主+谓）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干
（2） but sometimes such inquiry can backfire.（主+谓）
项密释 instinct * ['mstigkt] n.本能；天性；直觉 backfire Lbaek，fai0（r）] vi.适得其反；回火
❸ The insight that curiosity can drive you to do self-destructive things is a profound one. 好奇心会驱使你去做自我毁
灭的事情，这是一种深刻的见解。
句子主干 The insight...is a profound one.（主+系+表）
[that引导的同位语从句，解释说明The insight
一级修饰 that curiosity can drive you to do self-destructive things
词汇注释 self-destructive [.self dfstrAktiv] a.自我毁灭的 p*rofound [pra'faund] a.深刻的；巨大的;玄奥的
第五段
❶ Unhealthy curiosity is possible to resist, however.不过，病态的好奇心是可以克制的。
句子主干 Unhealthy curiosity is possible to resist, however.（主+系+表）
「疏己主幕]resist ☆ [n'zist]v.抵制；阻挡；反抗
❷ In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant
picture were less likely to choose to see such an image.在最后一项实验中，那些被鼓励去预测自己在看到一张令
人不快的图片后会作何感想的参与者，不太可能会选择去看这样的图片。
—级修饰 In a final experiment,
!介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 participants.. .were less likely to choose四苴竺四£皆也^些匪（主+谓+宾）
J who? I导的定语从句，修饰participants
who were encouraged to predict
-级修饰 [how引导的宾语从句,作predict的宾语
how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture
i词汇注释i e*ncourage [mk\nd3] w.鼓励；促进；支持 p*redict [pn'dikt] vt.预测；预言；预告
© These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help
determine whether it is worth the endeavor.这些结果表明，提前设想坚持好奇心的结果有助于决定是否值得
尝试。
These results suggest that imagining the outcome...can help determine （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 whether引导的宾语从句,[作determine的宾语
whether it is worth the endeavor.
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the outcome
—级修饰 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time
112:词汇注释:determine * [dftsrmm] vt.决定；确定；查明 endeavor * [m'dev9（r）] n.尝试；努力讥努力
❹"Thinking about long-term consequences is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,Hsee says.
至更竺后果是减少好奇心可能带来的负面影响的关键”，奚恺元说道。
句子主干 consequences is key...," Hsee says.（宾+主+谓）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰key]
一级修饰 to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity
顶还主程 consequence ★ ['knnsikwsns] n.后果； 结果
❺ In other words, don't read online comments.换言之，不要阅读网络评论。
—级修饰 In other words,
__________ [插入语
句子主干 don't read四坦坦＜2!212£匹§・（祈使句：谓+宾）
i词汇注释:in other words换言之；换句话说；也就是说
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃/〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃〃"〃〃〃〃〃
Text 1
a
第一段〕
O It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.
斯蒂芬-科齐亚特克感到好像必须证明自己为了给自己的学生一个更好的未来所做的努力是合理的，这让人感
到有些奇怪。
It is curious （主+系+表）
为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
句子主干 that Stephen Koziatek feels almost...
fas though引导的表语从句
as though he has to justify his efforts
动词不定式短语作后置定语J修饰efforts
一级修饰 to give his students a better future.
*词汇注释* curious * ['kjusrias] a.稀奇古怪的；求知欲强的 justify * ['d3Astifai] vt.证明... 正确
Q 第二段
❶Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering.科齐亚特克先生是某一开创性事件中的一员。
句子主干 Mr. Koziatek is （主+系+表）
词汇注释：pioneering [^aia'mang] a.开创性的；先驱性的；探索性的
@ He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical
memorization, but practical.他是新罕布什尔州一所高中的老师，在这所学校，学习不是关乎书本、测试和机
械记忆，而是关乎实践。
句子主干 He is ^teacher （主+系+表）
f介词短语作后置定语，修饰a teacher
-级修饰 at a New Hampshire high school
where引导的定语从句修饰a New Hampshire high school
where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,
| not...but连接的并列表语
二级修饰
blit practical.
113:词汇注释:mechanical * [m^'kaenikl] a.（行动等）机械的 memorization [.memsrai'zeOh] n. ；默记
© When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but
be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?学生们应该能够说出美国第13任总统的名字，却对一根断裂的
自行车链完全束手无策，这何时成了一种共识？
When did it become acceptedwisdom （特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词+主+系+表）
jit为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
句子主干 that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States
| but连接的并列谓语
but （should） be utterly overwhdmed by a broken bike chain?
词汇注释 wisdom * ['wizdom] n.普遍看法；才智 name去[neim] w.说出……的名称；给... 命名
utterly ['Atsli] ad.完全地；彻底地 overwhelm ☆ [.oovs'welm] vt.使不知所措
第三段
❶ As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything.正如科齐亚特克所知，万事几乎皆学问。
_级修饰 As Koziatek knows,
]As引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
句子主干 there is learning （ There be句型：there + is + 主）
|介词短语作句子主干的状语
—级修饰 in just about everything.
❷ Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of
discarded chewing gum.强迫学生坐在画有涂鸦、粘着往届学生丢弃的口香糖的课桌前学习几何学，不一定有
任何收获。
句子主干 Nothing is necessarily gained （主+谓）
j介词短语作句子主干的方式状语
_级修饰 by forcing students toleam geometry
]介词短语作地点状语
二级修饰 ata graffitied desk
|过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a graffitied desk
三级修饰 stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.
i词汇生释i g*eometry [d3i,Dmatri] n.几何学；几何形状 graffiti [graTili] vt.在... 上涂鸦n.涂鸦
stick * [stik] V.粘贴；刺H.枝条 d*iscard [disked]讥丢弃;抛弃被抛弃的人（或物）
❸They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.通过组装自行车，他们也可以学习几何学。
句子主干 They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.（主+谓+宾）
1 a*ssemble [o'sembl] w.组装 v.收集 b*icycle fbaisikl] 〃.自行车；脚踏车
I
第四段
❶ But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice.但他也发现了一种潜在的偏见。
句子主干 But he's also found还巫曳虫豆虫理如（主+谓+宾）
词汇注释:insidious [m^idiss] a.潜在的；潜伏的 prejudice * ['predjudis] n.偏见；成见
❷Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.用自己的双手工作几乎被视为一种低人一等的标志。
114句子主干 Working with your hands is seen （主+谓）
[介词短语作Working with your hands的补足语
—级修饰 as almost a mark of inferiority.
词汇注释:m* ark [mark] n.标志；标记；污点 inferiority [m/iari^rsti] n.低等；劣势
© Schools in the family of vocational education "have that stereotype...that it's for kids who can't make it academically,**
he says.人们对职业教育类学校“存在那种刻板印象……职业教育针对的是那些无法在学业上取得成功的孩子”，
他顺。
一级修饰 in the family of vocational education
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰Schools
句子主干 Schools..."have that stereotype...（主+谓+宾）
I插入语
he says.
—级修饰 that引导的同位语从句， 解释说明 that stereotype
that it's for kids
| who引导的定语从句，修饰kids
二级修饰 who can't make it academically,**
词汇注释 vocational [vso'keifanl] a.职业的；职业技术的 stereotype ['steristaip] n.刻板印象;模式化观念
I
第五段
❶On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America's evolution. 一方面，那种观点是美国发展的合理产物。
_级修饰 On one hand,
__________ !插入语
句子主干 that viewpoint is alogicai^roduct （主+系+表）
|介词短语作后置定语，ftWa logical product
—级修饰 of America's evolution.
迥汇连释]viewpoint ☆ ['vju:p°mt] n.观点；看法 evolution * [.iivsluijh] n.发展；演变
❷Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was,制造业不再像曾经那样是（美国的）经济引擎。
m蜜螂i麴勘羸瞧另
句子主干 Manufacturing is not坦袈堕四叫£臭或些（主+系+表）
that引导的定语从句，[修饰the economic engine
一级修饰 that it once was.
manufacturing [.maenju'faekybng] n.制造业 e*ngine [*end3in] 〃.引擎；发动机
❸ The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.美国经济曾为高中
毕业生提供的就业保障很大程度上已经消失。
句子主干 The job security...has largely evaporated.（主+谓）
|that引导的定语从句，修饰The job security
一级修饰 * i that the US economy once offered
[介词短语作状语，表对象
二级修饰 to high school graduates
i 词汇注释:evaporate5^ [I'vaepsreit] vi.（逐渐）消失；缩减
❹More education is the new principle.接受更多的教育是新的原则。
115句子主干 More education is thejiew^principle.（主+系+表）
i词汇注释i principle * ['pnnsspl] n.原则；行为准则
❺We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.我们想让自己的孩子接受更多的教育，且理应如此。
—级修饰 for our kids,
[介词短语作状语，表对象
句子主干 We want more （主+谓+宾）
j补充说明句子主干
一级修饰 and rightfully so.
词汇注释！ rightfully [Tait囹i]配理应地；合法地
第六段〕
❶ But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important
point: That's not the only thing the American economy needs.但是，轻率地推行"要求所有人取得学士学位”
同时微妙地贬低低于此的一切一忽略了重要的一点：那并不是美国经济唯一需要的东西。
—级修饰 into bachelor's degrees for all
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰the headlong push
句子主干 But the headlong push...misses竺迦欢匹迎卫£|叫：（主+谓+宾）
插入语，[补充说明the headlong push
—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—
—级修饰 解释说明an important point
That's not tile only thing
省略关系词（that ）的定语从句，[修饰the only thing
二级修饰 the American economy needs.
:词汇注释 i headlong['hedlng] a./ad.轻率的（地）；迅猛的（地） devalue[,di:'vaslju:] vt. v.使贬值
❷Yes, a bachelor's degree opens more doors.的确，学士学位可以打开更多机会的大门。
句子主干 Yes, a bachelor's degree opens moredloors.（主+谓+宾）
❸ But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill
manufacturing.但即使是现在，美国仍然有54%的工作是中等技能工作，比如建筑业和高技能制造业。
—级修饰 in the country
|介词短语作后置定语，修饰54 percent of the jobs
句子主干 But even now, 54 percent of the jobs...are middle-skill jobs,（主+系+表）
such as...举例说明middle-skill jobs [
—级修饰 such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.
❹ But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.但是只有 44% 的工人接受过足够的培训。
句子主干 But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.（主+谓）
第七段】
O In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the
opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face,换言之，在一^个"工
人阶级已完全改变美国的政治思路，却沮丧地发现曾经体现美国特征的就业机会正在消失”的时代，一个明
显的解决办法一直就摆在我们面前。
116一级修饰 In other words,
[插入语
句子主干 on。obvious solution is staring us in the face.（主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
—级修饰 at a time
| when引导的定语从句，修饰a time
二级修饰 when the working class has turned the country on its political head,
|过去分词短语作定语从句的伴随状语
三级修饰 frustrated that the opportunity...is vanishing,
that引导的定语从句,[修饰the opportunity
四级修饰 that once defined America
i词汇注释i frustrate ☆[队streit] w.使沮丧；挫败；使懊恼 vanish ☆ [•vaemf] w.消亡；突然消失
❷ There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.工人阶级的
工作岗位存在缺口，但是最需要那些工作的工人却无法胜任那些工作。
一级修饰 in working-class jobs,
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰a gap
（l）There is a gap （There be句型：There + is +主）
句子主干 but连接的并列句，表转折
（2）but the workers...aren't equipped （主+谓）
[who引导的定语从句，修饰the workers
who need those jobs most
—级修饰 动词不定式短语作状语
to do them.
词汇注释i g*ap [gaep]儿缺口；间隔；分歧 e*quip [i'kwip] vt.使有能力；使有所准备
❸ Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.科齐亚特克所在的曼彻斯特技术高
中正在试图填补那一缺口。
句子主干 Koziatek's Manchester School of...School is trying toJilQthat^ap.（主+谓+宾）
第八段
❶Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.科齐亚特克所在的学校为我们敲响了警钟。
句子主干 Koziatek's school is ajvvake^u^call.（主+系+表）
词汇注释 wake-up call让人警醒的事；催醒电话
❷ When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.当教育变得"一刀切”时,
它就是在冒忽视一国的天赋多样性的风险。
_级修饰 When education becomes one-size-fits-all,
When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 it risks父回£2魅垣史巴迎四里虫I?!?!圾（主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，:修饰a n*sation diversity
—级修饰 of gifts.
词汇注释 one-size-fits<all [twAn saiz fits 31] a. 一体适用的 overlook * [.oovs'luk] vt.忽视；忽略；俯视
117Text 2
O While fossil fuels—coal, oil, gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that
the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.尽管化石燃料-、石油、天然气------ 约占世
界能源供应量的85%,但未来属于像风能和太阳能这样的可再生能源，这一点比以往任何时候都更清楚。
二级修饰 ―oal, oil, gas—
[插入语，举例说明fossil fuels
一级修饰 While fossil fUels...sti]l generate roughly 85 percent of the world's enei^y supply,
〔While引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
it's clearer than ever （主+系+表）
句子主干 [it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
that the future belongs to renewable sources
such as...举例说明renewable sources [
一级修饰 such as wind and solar.
fossil fuels 化石燃料 generate * [c^emreit] vt.产生；弓 | 起
renewable [n'nju:sbl] a.可再生的；可延期的 solar * [^auls^）] a.太阳能的；太阳的
❷ The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power
sources going on line.全球范围内，向可再生能源转变的势头正在增强：可再生能源目前占正在使用的新能源
的一半以上。
around the world:
[介词短语作句子主干的状语，表范围
句子主干 The move to renewables is picking up momentum （主+谓+宾）
[补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 They now account for more than half of new power sources
现在分词短语作后置定语J修饰new power sources
二级修饰 gmng on line.
•：词汇注释i momentum * [ma'mentgm] n.势头；冲力 account for （数量、比例上）占；解释
O Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.
部分增长源于政府和有远见的企业承诺为更清洁的能源提供资金支持。
一级修饰 by governments and farsighted businesses
介词短语作后置定语修饰a commitment
句子主干 Some growth stems from 2£丝现蛆坝些琏（主+谓+宾）
动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a commitment
一级修饰 to fund cleaner energy sources.
项
stem from起源于；根源是 commitment [k/mitmont] 承诺；许诺；奉献
farsighted [*fa:,saitid] a.有远见的；远视的 f*und [fkiid] vt.为... 提供资金n.资金；专款
❷ But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar.但越来越多的说
法是，其源于可再生能源价格的暴跌，尤其是风能和太阳能。
118句子主干 But increasingly the story is辿竺旦蛭卫地理哽电耍g虫竺（主+系+表）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the plummeting prices |
—级修饰 of renewables,
补充说明renewables [
二级修饰 especially wind and solar.
"商海主幕]storyUsteri]".（真实情况的）叙述，描述 plummet fplAmit] vf.暴跌；速降；陡直掉下
© The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight
years.在过去八年里，太阳能电池板的成本下降了 80%,风力涡轮机的成本下降了近三分之一。
—级修饰 by 80 percent
[介词短语作（1）句的状语，表程度
（1） The cost of solar panels has dropped （主+谓）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and the cost of wind turbines （has dropped）（主+谓）
介词短语作（2）句的状语,[表程度
by close to one-third
-级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
in the past eight years.
词汇注释 panel * [*paenl] n.面板；方格板块 turbine * [*t3 ：bam] n.涡轮机；汽轮机
第三段〕
❶ In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.在世界很多地区，可再生能源已经
成为一种主要能源。
—级修饰 In many parts of the world
__________ l介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
句子主干 renewable energy is already a princip^ enej^ source.（主+系+表）
；词汇注释i principal * ['pnnsspl] a.主要的；最重要的札大学校长；主要演员
❷ In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.例如，在苏格兰, 风
力涡轮机提供的电力足以为95%的家庭供电。
In Scotland,
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
for example,
__________ I插入语
句子主干 wind turbines provide enough^electaicify （主+谓+宾）
动词不定式短语作后置定语，:修饰enough electricity
—级修饰 to power 95 percent of homes.
❸ While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable
shift.在世界其他地区（尤其是中国和欧洲）处于领先地位的同时，美国也出现了显著的转变。
119二级修饰 notably China and Europe,
补充说明the rest of the world
一级修饰 While the rest the worid takes the lead,
While引导的时间状语从句J作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.（主+谓+宾）
i词汇注释 notably fnautabli] ad.尤其；特另lj remarkable * [n'makobl] a.显著的；引人注目的
❹ In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,
reported the US Energy Information Administration.据美国能源信息署报告，美国风能和太阳能发电量在3月份
首次占美国发电量的10%以上。
for the first time,
—级修饰 插入语
In March,
［介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power （主+谓+宾）
过去分词短语作后置定语,［修饰the power
generated in the US,
—级修饰 插入语，补充说明句子主干
reported the US Energy Information Administration.
i词汇注释 administration * ［sd.mim'streijh］ n.行政部门；管理；施行；执行
第四段］
❶ President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.特朗普总统曾强调,
依靠化石燃料一一尤其是煤一来实现经济增长。
句子主干 President Trump has underlined fossil fuels...as the path （主+谓+宾+宾补）
插入语J补充说明fossil fuels
—especially coal—
一级修饰 介词短语作后置定语, 修饰the path
to economic growth.
词汇注释 underline ☆ ［AndSlam］讥强调；在（词语等下）画线；I®底线标出
❷ In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.在艾奥瓦州的最近一次演讲中，
他认为风能是一种不可靠的能源，因而不予考虑。
一级修饰 In a recent speech in Iowa,
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.（主+谓+宾+宾补）
；'词汇注释:dismiss * [dis'mis] vt.不予考虑；摒弃 unreliable [.Annnaiabl] a.不可靠的；不能信赖的
❸ But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the
state's electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy
120to power their data centers,但是，上述说法并不被艾奥瓦州的诸多民众所接受，该州的风力涡轮机遍布田野,
并为该州提供了 36%的发电量一一象微软这样的科技巨头也正在被这里易于获得清洁能源所吸引,这些能源
可为其数据中心供电。
句子主干 But that message did not play well （主+谓）
]介词短语作句子主干的状语
一级修饰 with many in Iowa,
where引导的非限定性定语从句，[补充说明Iowa
where wind turbines dot the fields
and连接的并列谓宾
二级修饰 and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation
并列的非限定性定语从句
—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted
三级修饰 by the availability of clean energy
动词不定式短语作后置定语J修饰clean energy
四级修饰 to power their data centers.
i词汇注释i dot * [dnt] vt.遍布；在... 加点〃.点 giant * ['diaiont] n.巨头；大公司a.伟大的
❶ The question "what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine?^, has provided a quick put-down for
skeptics. “如果不刮风或者不出太阳时，会发生什么呢？ ”怀疑论者快速用这一问题进行反驳。
句子主干 The question.. .has provided aq^iick^ut-d^wn for skeptics.（主+谓+宾）
[what引导的同位语从句，解释说明The question
一级修饰 4€what happens
[when引导的时间状语从句，作同位语从句的时间状语
二级修饰 when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine?”
i词汇注释： put-down [*put daun] n.反驳；贬低的语言 skeptic ['skeptik] n.怀疑论者
❷ But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more
likely.但是， 电池存储容量的提高正在使它们（清洁能源）更有可能昼夜不停地持续供电。
-级修饰 in the storage capacity of batteries
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰a boost
句子主干 But a boost...is making iheir^ability...more likely.（主+谓+宾+宾补）
动词不定式短语作后置定语，[修饰their ability
—级修饰 to keep power flowing
[介词短语作状语
二级修饰 around the clock
b*oost [bu:st] 增长；激励 w.使增长 s*torage ['stomdR «.贮存，贮藏
capacity * [ka'paessti] n.容量；容积 around the clock 夜以继日；日夜不停
121第六段〕
O The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric
vehicles.这一进展在一定程度上是由汽车制造商推动的，他们在电池供电的电动汽车上下了很大的赌注。
句子主干 The advance is driven in part （主+谓）
]介词by引出动作的发出者
一级修饰 by vehicle manufacturers,
who引导的非限定性定语从句，[补充说明vehicle manufacturers
二级修饰 who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.
who are...vehicles 这一定语从句中，介词短语 on battery-powered electric vehicles 作从句的状语。
i词汇注释i vehicle * fvirskl] n.车辆；手段，工具 bet ☆ [bet] 赌注；打赌；估计
Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in
coming yeare.虽然目前在道路上行驶的电动汽车仍寥寥无几，但在未来几年，这笔巨额投资可能会迅速改变这
种状况。
一级修饰 Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,
〔Although引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 this massive investment could change the picture rapidly （主+谓+宾）
[介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
一级修饰 in coming years.
i词汇注释i massivepmaesiv]。.（规模、尺寸）非常大的 investment * [m'vestmaiit] n.投资；投资物
❶ While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking.尽管还有很长的路要走，但是可再生能源
的趋势线正迅速上升。
_级修饰 While there's along way to go,
[While引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 the trend lines...are spiking.（主+谓）
|介词短语作后置定语，修饰the trend lines
_级修饰 for renewables
i词汇生幕i t*rend [trend] n.趋势；倾向；动态 spike [spaik] vi.激增w.刺进n.尖刺
© The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in
slowing climate change.能源的变化速度似乎正在加快- 许正好能及时给减缓气候变化带来有意义的影响。
—级修饰 in energy sources
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰change
句子主干 The pace of change...appears to be speeding up （主+谓）
[补充说明句子主干
—级修饰 一perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.
「商定遂慈]p*[paecies] n.速度；节奏v.来回踱步 speed up （使）加速
© What Washington does― r doesn't do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in
thought.在全球思想转变之际，不管华盛顿为促进可替代能源的发展做什么或不做什么，其影响都可能会越来越小。
122一级修饰 to promote alternative energy
[动词不定式短语作主语从句的目的状语
句子主干 What Washington does...may mean les^andjess （主从+谓+宾）
j插入语,补充说明What Washington does
—or doesn't do—
一级修饰 介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
atatiine
介词短语作后置定语J修饰a time
二级修饰 of a global shift in thought.
词汇注释 promote * [prs'msut] vt.促进；提升；晋升 alternative * [o：rt3：nativ] a.可供替代的
Text 3
第一段〕
❶ The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase
of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13. 5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire
the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn't have any physical product at all.数字经济巨头的势力和野心非常惊
人一亚马逊刚刚宣布以135亿美元的价格收购高端连锁食品店全食超市，而两年前，脸书甚至以更高的价
格收购了压根儿没有任何实体产品的瓦次普通信服务。
—级修饰 of the giants of the digital economy
|介词短语作后置定语，修饰The power and ambition
句子主干 The power and ambition...is astonishing （主+系+表）
[解释说明句子主干
—Amazon has just announced the purchase
一级修饰 | but连接的并列句，表转折
but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the purchase
of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn,
二级修饰 动词不定式短语作目的状语
to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service,
which引导的非限定性定语从句j补充说明the WhatsApp messaging service
三级修饰 which doesn't have any physical product at all.
，词汇注释！ a*mbition [aem'bi|h] n.野心；志向 digital * ['didsitl] a.数字的；数码的
astonishing [a^tonifirj] a.令人十分惊讶的 p*urchase ['paitfbs] n./vt.购买；采购
❷ What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its usersJ friendships and social lives.
瓦次普提供给脸书的是一个错综复杂且极其细致的用户朋友圈和社交生活网。
句子主干 What WhatsApp offered Facebook was空虫坦兰£竺史巫虹坦四回乂也（主从+系+表）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰web [
一级修饰 of its users5 friendships and social lives.
词汇注释 i*ntricate ['mtnkgt] a.复杂精细的 Anely[famli]ad.精巧地；细小地；华丽地
123第二段
O Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it
broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.当时，脸书向欧盟委员会承诺不会将电话号码与脸书用
户的身份信息绑定，但几乎是交易刚一达成，脸书就食言了。
—级修饰 to Facebook identities,
介词短语作状语,]表对象
that it would not link phone numbers
j that引导的宾语从句，作promised的直接宾语
句子主干 （l）Facebook promised the European commission then （主+谓+间宾+直宾）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
⑵but it broke the promise （主+谓+宾）
^[as soon as引导的时间状语从句，作（2）句的时间状语
—级修饰 almost as soon as the deal went through.
:词汇注释:commission [ka'mijh] n.委员会；佣金 vt.委托 identity * [ai'dentati] n.身份；特征；同一性
❷ Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously
revealing and still could be.即使不知道信息的具体内容，但其发送者及接收者是谁这一信息在很大程度上透露
了内情，且这种情况仍可能继续。.
what was in the messages,
一级修饰
what引导的宾语从句，[作knowing的宾语
Even without knowing
[介词短语作句子主干的条件状语
the knowledge...was enormously revealing （主+系+表）
句子主干 | and连接并列的系表结构
and still could be （revealing）.
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the knowledge
二级修饰
of who sent them and to whom
要点呈释 介词短语of who sent them and to whom中，and连接两个并列的宾语从句，作of的宾语；and to
whom 水卜充完整为 and to whom they were sent, 其主语是they,谓语是were sent, to whom作状语,
表对象。
词汇注释 enormously [i'no:m9sli]诚非常；极其 revealing [*vni:lig] a.泄密的；发人深省的
© What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa
May's enemies are currently plotting?特蕾莎•梅的政敌正在其中进行密谋的那些瓦次普聊天群，有哪个政治记
者或党鞭不想知道其成员构成？
句子主干 What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the makeup]
一级修饰 of the WhatsApp groups
介词in + which引导的定语从句，修饰the WhatsApp groups |
二级修饰 in which Theresa May's enemies are currently plotting?
词汇注释 political * [*liptaikl] a.政治的；政党的 plot^ [pint] v.密谋；暗中策划n.故事情节
❹ It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which
customers have purchased what.也许对亚马逊来说，全食超市的价值与其说是它所拥有的460家店铺，倒不如
说是其顾客的购买记录。
124it owns,
一级修饰 省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句， 修饰the 460 shops
of Whole Foods to Amazon
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰the value
It may be that the value...is not so much the 460 shops （主+系+表从）
句子主干 ! not so much...but连接表语从句的并列表语，否定前者，肯定后者
but the records of which customers have purchased what.
要点注释 not so much..., but...是固定用法not so much...as...的变体形式，意为“与其说 倒不如说...”，
在此处连接并列表语the 460 shops和the records; but the records...中，of which...作后置定语，修
饰 the records,其中，省略引导词（that ）的宾语从句 which customers have purchased what 作 of
的宾语。 •
词汇注释i o*[wn 9un]w.拥有；有。.自己的；本人的
第三段
❶ Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.竞争法似乎是解决这些权力失衡
问题的唯一途径。
句子主干 Competition law appears to be theOTily^way （主+系+表）
动词不定式短语作后置定语J修饰the only way
一级修饰 to address these imbalances of power.
address * [s'dres] w.设法解决；演说几地址 imbalance [im'baebns] n.失衡；不公平
❷But it is clumsy.但它不够灵活。
句子主干 But it is clumsy.（主+系+表）
:词汇注释：clumsy *CklAmzi] a.不灵活的；笨拙的；（行为或措辞）不得体的
❸ For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. 一方面，与数字经济领域的
变化速度相比，它非常缓慢。
_级修饰 For one thing,
__________ [插入语
句子主干 it is very^slow （主+系+表）
]过去分词短语作句子主干的比较状语
—级修饰 compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.
❹ By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by
new abuses of power.待某个问题得到解决和补救时，这个问题可能已经在市场中不复存在，取而代之的是新的权
力滥用。
By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied
一级修饰 By the time引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
in the marketplace,
,, I介词短语作句子主干的地点状语
句子主干 it may have vanished （主+谓）
]动词不定式短语作句子主干的结果状语
—级修饰 to be replaced by new abuses of power.
:词汇注释：remedy ☆[Yemodi]讨.补救；改正〃.治疗；救济 vanish Tvaemf] vi.不复存在；突然消失
❺But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too.但还存在一个更深层次的概念性问题。
125句子主干 But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. （There be句型：there + is +主）
i词汇注释i conceptual [ksn'sepyual] a.概念（上）的
❻ Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consume甲 and this is not obvious when
the users of these services donJt pay for them.按照目前的解释，竞争法处理的是在经济上对消费者不利的问题，
而当这些服务的用户无须支付费用时，该法规就不明确了。
-级修饰 as presently interpreted
[介词短语作句子主干的状语
（l）Competition law...deals with financial disadvantage to consumers （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 and连接的并列句
（2）and this is not obvious （主+系+表）
[when引导的时间状语从句，作（2）句的时间状语
一级修饰 when the users of these services don't pay for them.
i词汇注释； i*nterpret [m't3：pnt] vt.解释；说明；演绎 disadvantage [.dissd'va^tids] n.不利因素；不便之处
❼The users of their services are not their customers.这些（数字巨头）服务的用户并非它们自己的客户。
句子主干 The users of their services are not their customers.（主+系+表）
❽ That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital
advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.从它们那里购买广告的人才是它们的客
户——而脸书和谷歌这两家实质上的巨头主宰着数字广告，致使所有其他媒体和娱乐公司都处于劣势地位。
_级修饰 who buy advertising from them
who引导的定语从句，[修饰the people
句子主干 That would be thepeople （主+系+表）
[补充说明句子主干
—*级修饰 一and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising
[介词短语作状语
二级修饰 to the disadvantage
介词短语作后置定语J修饰the disadvantage
三级修饰 of all other media and entertainment companies.
:词汇注释:virtual * ['v3：tfusl] a.虚拟的；实际上的 dominate * ['dnmmeit] v.控制；支配
第四段
❶ The product they're selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.数字
巨头销售的产品是数据，而我们这些用户将自己的生活转换为数据，为他们盈利所用。
一级修饰 they're selling
|省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句，修饰The product
（1） The product...is data,（主+系+表）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and we, the users, convert ourjiyes to data （主+谓+宾+宾补）
!介词短语作（2 ）句的状语
—级修饰 for the benefit of the digital giants.
126:问汇注释convert * [konP3：t] 乂（使）转换；（使）改变
❷ Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for
the data that our digital lives yield.正如一些蚂蚁"养殖” 一种名为蚂虫的昆虫，以获取它们在进食时分泌的蜜
露一样，谷歌“养殖”我们是为了获取我们数字化生活所产生的数据。
二级修饰 they produce when they feed,
省略关系词（which/that ）的定语从句,[修饰the honeydew
一级修饰 Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew
[as引导的比较状语从句，作句子主干的比较状语
句子主干 so Google farms us for the data （主+谓+宾）
that引导的定语从句，[修饰the data
—级修饰 that our digital lives yield.
词汇注释i f*arm [fd:m] v.养殖；耕种".农场 b*ug [bAg] n.小昆虫；故障；小病
aphid [*eifid] n. ©虫 honeydew fhAnidju:] n.蜜露；甘汁
© Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.蚂蚁
不让捕食性昆虫靠近其射虫进食的地方；谷歌邮箱将垃圾邮件发送者拦截在我们的收件箱之外。
一级修饰 from where their aphids feed;
[介词短语作状语，修饰keep
（1） Ants keep predatory insects away （主+谓+宾+宾补）
============== ---- -----------------------
句子主干 I并列句
（2） Gmail keeps the^pammers out of our inboxes.（主+谓+宾+宾补）
:词汇注释 predatory fpredstri] a.捕食性的；损人利己的 i*nsect ['msekt] n.昆虫
spammer「spaBmo（r）] n.垃圾邮件发送者 inbox ['mboks] n.（电子邮件）收件箱
❹ It doesn5t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.即使双方都能从中受益，这也不像
是一种人性化的或民主的关系。
句子主干 It doesn't feel座堂£虫兰j*g 匹削^p,（主+系+表）
[even if引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
—级修饰 even if both sides benefit.
Text 4
a
第一段】
O To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success
in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of "deep work"—the ability to focus without distraction.为了 防止
陷入过于重视忙碌的陷阱，《深度工作：如何有效使用每一点脑力》一书的作者卡尔•纽波特建议养成“深
度工作”的习惯，即一种摒除干扰、集中注意力的能力。
一级修饰 To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,
[动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
句子主干 Cal Newport,...recommends （主+谓+宾）
解释说明a habit of "deep work"[
—the ability to focus without distraction.
一级修饰 Cal Newport的同位语
author of Deep Work: Rides for Focused Success in a Distracted World,
i词汇注释i combat * ['knmbaet] vt.防止；战斗 n.搏斗 trap ★ [traep] 〃.陷阱；困境；诡计
put a premium on 高度重视 distracted [dfstraektid] a.注意力分散的
127第二段】
O There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific
task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can
throughout the day.掌握深度工作艺术的方法有很多一或是长时间隐退、专注于某项特定任务，或形成一种
日常惯例，或采用“新闻工作者”的方式抓住一天中你能抓住的深度工作时刻。
句子主干 There are a number of approaches （There be句型：There + are + 主）
, 修饰a number of approaches
to mastering the art of deep work
解释说明 a number of approaches
—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;
一级修饰 并列成分
developing a daily ritual;
or连接的并列成分
or taking a 勺oumalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work
[when引导的时间状语从句
二级修饰 when you can throughout the day.
在正式文体中，推测让步状语从句中有be或非真实让步状语从句中有were或had时，连词
though, even if, even though或whether （or）可省去，用倒装语序。破折号后的内容中省略了
whether,并将be提前了，还原后应为whether it be,这是一个让步状语从句。
[网契群I approach * [s'praotf] 〃.方法，方式；接近 master * [*ma:st9 （r）] vt.掌握；精通 n.主人
retreat * [rftri:t]几隐退；退却 vi.撤退 dedicated [•dedikeitid] a.专心致志的；专用的
ritual *fntju 9l] «.惯例；礼节仪式上的 seize*[si:z] w.抓住；把握；夺取
❷ Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.不管用哪种方法，关键在于确
定你的专注时长并坚持下去。
一级修饰 Whichever approach （it is）,
Whichever引导的让步状语从句,j作句子主干的让步状语
—
the key is to determine your length of focus time （主+系+表）
句子主干 and连接并列的动词不定式短语
and （to） stick to it.
Whichever approach中，因状语从句的主语是it,且谓语中又含有系动词be,故it和系动词（be ）
一起省略。
determine * [di't3：mm] vt.确定；准确算出v.决定 stick to坚持；遵守
❶ Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.纽波特
还建议（制定）“深度工作计划”以对抗持续干扰，并在较短时间内完成更多的工作。
句子主干 Newport also recommends "deep scheduling"（主+谓+宾）
[动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
to combat constant interruptions
一级修饰 and连接并列的动词不定式短语
and （to） get more done in less time.
i词汇注释i schedule * [Jedju:l] vt.计戈U ；安排 n.工作计戈ij interruption [jntsYAfJh] n.干扰；插嘴
❷"At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. “在任何特定时刻，我都会为接
下来的大约一个月制定深度工作计划。
128_级修饰 "At any given point,
_______ l介词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 I should have deepjvorik scheduled （主+谓+宾+宾补）
介词短语作状语j表对象
_级修饰 for roughly the next month.
❸ Once on the calendar, I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting,he writes. —*旦提
上日程，我会像对待就诊预约或重要会议一样遵守这个时间”，他写道。
like I would （protect） a doctor's appointment or important meeting,"
一级修饰 like引导的方式状语从句
Once （it is） on the calendar,
“ [Once引导的时间状语从句 .
I protect this time
句子主干 [直接引语作writes的宾语
he writes （宾+主+谓）
要点注释；该句和上文❷句在逻辑上同属直接引语，作该句中writes的宾语。
词汇注释 i c*alendar ['kaelmd9（r）] n.日程表；日历；历法 appointment * [g'pointmant] n.预约；约会；任命
第四段
O Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft
our to-do lists.另一种在较短时间内完成更多工作的方法就是重新思考如何按照优先顺序规划你的一天——尤
其是如何精心制作我们的待办事项清单。
—级修饰 to getting more done in less time
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰Another approach
Another approach...is to rethink （主+系+表）
句子主干 [how引导的宾语从句，作rethink的宾语
how you prioritise your day
__________ [补充说明
—级修饰 一in particular how we craft our to-do lists.
i商汇生？？ ： prioritise [prafnrataiz] v.划分优先顺序；按重要性排列c*raft [kra:ft] w.精心制作儿手艺；技巧
© Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that
divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were
told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.《混乱：改变我们生活的无序力量》一书的作者
蒂姆•哈福德提到了 20世纪80年代初的一项研究，该研究把本科生分为两组：一些人被建议按月制定目标、
安排学习活动；另一些人被告知按日更详细地计划活动和目标。
author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,
一级修饰 Tim Harford的同位语
in the early 1980s
[介词短语作后置定语，修饰a study
句子主干 Tim Harford,...points to astudy （主+谓+宾）
that引导的定语从句修饰a study
一级修饰 that divided undergraduates into two groups：
解释说明two groups |
some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;
|并列句
二级修饰
others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
129词汇注释! transform ★ [traens'fb:m]讨.改变；转换 undergraduate * [.Anda'graedsust] n. 生；大学生
第五段
❶ While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the
execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students.尽管研究者的假设是，精心安排
的日计划在任务执行时会更有效，但是他们错了：详细的日计划会让学生失去动力。
二级修饰 when it came to the execution of tasks,
| when引导的时间状语从句
that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective
—级修饰 that引导的宾语从句,l作assumed的宾语
While the researchers assumed
[While引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 they were wong:（主+系+表）
[解释说明句子主干
_级修饰 the detailed daily plans demotivated students.
i 词汇注释:structured ['strAktfM] 有条理的 demotivate [.di^msutiveit] vt.使失去动力
❷ Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for
improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.哈福德认为,不可避免的干扰经常使每日的待办事项清单流
于形式，而在这样的清单中留出弹性空间则能获得最佳效果。
Harford argues （主+谓+宾从）
[that引导的宾语从句，作argues的宾语
句子主干 that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,
| while连接并列的宾语从句，表对比
while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
商定生籍:i*nevitable [m'evitabl] 不可避免的；惯常的 r*ender ['render）] w.致使；使变得；使成为
ineffective [jm^ktrv] a.无效果的 improvisation [.imprsvafzeifh]儿即兴之作
第六段
❶ In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be
lazy.”为了充分利用我们的专注力和精力，我们也需要拥抱闲暇时间，或者就像纽波特所建议的，“偷一下懒” o
—级修饰 In order to make the most of our focus and energy,
[动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语
we also need to embrace downtime,（主+谓+宾）
句子主干 |。施接并列的动词不定式短语
or...（to） "be lazy."
__________ [插入语
—级修饰 as Newport suggests,
i词汇注释i embrace * [imljreis] v.拥抱vt.欣然接受 downtime ['daontaim] n.工间休息时间
第七段
❶"Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice； it is as indispensable to the brain as Vitamin D is to the body...
[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,” he argues.闲散不仅是一次休假，一种放纵，或
是一个恶习；它对于我们的大脑来说就像维生素D对于身体一样不可或缺……矛盾的是，闲散对于完成任何
工作来说都是必要的”，他说道。
130[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,"
并列句
it is as indispensable to the brain as Vitamin D is to the body...
句子主干 并列句
"Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice;
[直接引语作argues的宾语
he argues.（宾+主+谓）
i词汇注释I idleness ['aidlnss] n.闲散；懒惰 indulgence [m'dAldssns] «.放纵；嗜好
v*[vicaeis] n.不良习惯；恶行；邪恶 paradoxically [.paerg'dnksikli] ad.自相矛盾地
第八段]
❶ Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link
between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.哈佛医学院的精神病学助理教授斯里
尼-皮莱认为，休息与生产力之间这种违反直觉的联系可能是我们大脑的运作方式所导致的。
an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,
| Srini Pillay的同位语
Srini Pillay,...believes （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [省略引导词（that ）的宾语从句，作believes的宾语
this counterintuitive link...may be due to the way
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰link
between downtime and productivity
一级修饰 省略（in which ）或关系词（that）的定语从句， 修饰the way
our brains operate.
i词汇注释 assistant ^[g'sistsnt] a.助理的；副的 psychiatry * [sai'kaiatri] n.精神病学
counterintuitive [*tj,uk:aiutinvt]9nn a.违反直觉的 productivity * [.prodAk'tivsti] n.生产效率
@ When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.当我们的大脑
就某项工作在专注和分心之间切换时，它们往往更高效。
一级修饰 When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,
|When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 they tend to be mor^efficient.（主+系+表）
词汇注释 switch *[switf] v.（使）转变，改变，突变 efficient*[i'fyht] a.高效的;有能力的
第九段]
❶"What people don't realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits
in their brain,” says Pillay. “人们没有意识到的是，为了完成这些任务，他们需要使用专注与分心两种大脑回路,”
皮莱说道。
“What people don't realise is..." says Pillay.（倒装句：宾+谓+主）
句子主干 [that引导的表语从句
that...they need to use both the focus and unfbcus circuits in their brain,
动词不定式短语作表语从句的目的状语
一级修饰 in order to complete these tasks
131要点注释 that引导的表语从句中,in order to complete these tasks为动词不定式短语的特殊形式，介词短语
in their brain 作后置定语，修饰 circuits o
词汇注释 c*omplete [ksm'pli:t] vt.完成；结束 a.完全的 c*ircuit ['s3：kit] n.（电流的）回路；电路
//✓✓//✓//✓/✓//✓/////✓/✓✓//✓/✓/✓///✓/✓///////✓/✓/✓///////✓/// P*t ai B
a
第一段】
❶ Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every
conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.对话是纽带，也就是说，当你和一个陌生人交谈时,
一条纽带就形成了，而且之后你们的每一次对话都将强化这条纽带。
句子主干 Conversations are links,（主+系+表）
which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明句子主干
which means...a link gets fbnned
一级修饰 and连接并列的宾语从句
and every conversation...will strengthen the link.
省略关系词（that）的定语从句，修饰every conversation
you have after that moment
二级修饰 when引导的时间状语从句
when you have a conversation with a new person
词汇注释 f*orm [fo：m] y.（使）形成；编排成 strengthen * [*strer ）0n] v.加强；加深；增强
a
第二段项
❶ You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the
door.你每天都会遇见新面孔：杂货店员工、出租车司机、工作中的新同事或门口的保安。
一级修饰 every day:
[名词短语作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 You meet newj>?2E!S（主+谓+宾）
I举例说明new people
-级修饰 the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people...or the security guard
介词短语作后置定语，|修饰new people
at wozk
二级修饰 介词短语作后置定语， 修饰the security guard
at the door.
词汇注释 grocery fgraussri]儿食品杂货店 c*ab [kaeb]儿出租车；驾驶室
security * [sfkjusrsti] n.保安部门；安全 g*uard [ga:d] n.看守；警卫员讥看守
❷Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.只要和他们开启一段对话，你们之间就会形成一条纽带。
. . . e t
句子主干 Simply starting a conversation...will form aumk.（主+谓+宾）
介词短语作状语J表对象
一级修饰 with them
132第三段
。Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.以下有五种简单的
方法，可以让你迈出第一步，与陌生人开始交谈。
句子主干 Here are 住ve simple ways （倒装句：表+系+主）
that引导的定语从句，［修饰five simple ways
that you can make the first move
一级修饰 and连接的并列谓宾
and start a conversation with strangers.
第四段］
❶ Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says T want to talk with this
person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us.假设你和某个不认识的人在一个房间里，心里想着"我
想和这个人交谈” 一种事在我们所有人身上通常都会发生。
一级修饰 you don't know
省略关系词（whom/who/that）的定语从句，［修饰someone
Suppose you are in a room with someone （祈使句：谓+宾从）
句子主干 I and连接并列的宾语从句
and something within you says "I want to talk with this personw
补充说明句子主干
一级修饰 —this is something
| that引导的定语从句，修饰something
二级修饰 that mostly happens with all of us.
❷ You wanted to say something一 he first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere.你想说些
什么——第一个字一B就是说不出口，感觉好像卡在了什么地方。
一级修饰 —■the first word—
插入语,［补充说明something
（l）You wanted to say something （主+谓+宾）
I but连接的并列句，表转折
句子主干 ⑵but it just won't come out,（主+谓）
|并列句
（3）it feels 些重剪旦｝19虹四2!妙坦史・（主+系+表从）
i词汇注释：come out讲出；为人所知；出现 stuck ［stAk］ a.卡住的；困住的
❸I know the feeling and here is my advice: just get it out.我明白这种感觉，我的建议是：把话说出来。
（1）1 know the feeling （主+谓+宾）
句子主干 and连接的并列句
（2）and here is my advice：（倒装句：表+系+主）
［解释说明my advice
-级修饰 just get it out.
133第五段
❶Just think: what is the worst that could happen?试想一下：可能发生的最糟糕的情况是什么呢？
句子主干 Just think:（祈使句：谓）
________ I补充说明
_级修饰 what is the worst
j that引导的定语从句，修饰the worst
二级修饰 that could happen?
❷They won't talk with you?他们不愿和你交谈？
_
句子主干 They won't talk （主+谓）
|介词短语作状语，表对象
—级修饰 with you?
「要,反注释1本句在形式上虽然是陈述句，但表达的是一种疑问语气。
❸Well, they are not talking with you now!好吧,他们现在也没有和你交谈!
句子主干 Well, they are not talking...now!（主+谓）
|介词短语作状语，表对象
—级修饰 with you
第六段
❶ I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.我完全相信一旦你说出第一个字,
其他的一切都会顺畅而行。
I truly believe (主+谓+宾从)
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语
that..everything else will just flow.
[once引导的条件状语从句，作宾语从句的条件状语
一级修饰 once you get that first word out
i词汇注释 f*[lf0l9WU]W. 流畅；流动〃.流；持续生产；不断供应；滔滔不绝
So keep it simple: "Hi", "Hey" or "Hello"—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put
on a big smile and say "Hi”.所以简单点说：“嗨” “嘿” “你好”一尽可能地积聚你所有的热情和活力，露
出灿烂的笑容并说“嗨”
O
一级修饰 “Hi”, “Hey%r “Hello”
!解释说明句子主干
句子主干 So keep it simple:（祈使句：谓+宾+宾补）
[补充说明句子主干
—"do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy
并列句 ■
—级修饰
put on a big smile and say "Hi".
省略关系词（that）的定语从句，修饰all of the enthusiasm and energy
二级修饰 you can (gather),
134要点注释:—do the best...energy中，省略关系词（that ）的定语从句you can,修饰the besto
词汇注释:g*ather ['gaed9（r）] vt.积聚；增加（速度、力量等）enthusiasm * [m^ju^iaezsm] n.热情；热心
第七段]
❶ It's a problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this
talk memorable.这是一个我们所有人都面临的问题：和你想要交谈的人相处时间有限，但是你又想让这次对
话令人难忘。
一级修饰 allof us face;
［省略关系词（which/that）的定语从句，修饰a problem
句子主干 It'saprobtem （主+系+表）
|解释说明a problem
you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with
| and连接的并列句
一级修饰
and you want to make this talk memorable.
1要点注释'： you have...talk with 中，that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the persono
i词汇注释i limited * [limitid]久有限的；受... 限制的 memorable [memgbl] 难忘的；值得纪念的
第八段.
❶ Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of "hi", "hello", "how are you?" and "what's going on?", you will fail to give the
initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.说实话，如果我们陷入了 "嗨” “你好”"你好吗？ ”
“近来可好？ ”这种乏味的对话中，你就无法为这次对话带来最初的震撼，使它令人印象深刻。
二级修饰 of，知”,“hello”, “how are you?” and “whafs going on?”，
介词短语作后置定语,l修饰the mt
—级修饰 if we got stuck in the rut
_________ ［if引导的条件状语从句,作句子主干的条件状语
句子主干 Honestly, ...you will fail to give thejmtialjcJIt to the conversation （主+谓+宾）
that引导的定语从句，［修饰the initial jolt
_级修饰 that can make it so memorable.
词汇注释 honestly ['nmstli] ad.坦白说，的确，无疑地 rut [rAt] n.老一套;凹槽;车辙；（动物的）发情期
initial a.最初的；开始的 jolt此的司儿震惊；摇晃y.（使）震动讥唤醒
第九段
❶So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions,所以不要怯于去问更私人的问题。
句子主干 So don't be afrdd （祈使句：系+表）
j动词不定式短语作状语
—级修饰 to ask more personal questions.
❷ Trust me, you'll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.相信我，如果你提问，你会
惊讶地发现，人们是多么愿意与你分享。
135-级修饰 if you just ask.
J if引导的条件状语从句
句子主干 Trust me, you'll be surgrised （主+系 +表）
I动词不定式短语作状语
to see
一级修饰 how引导的宾语从句J作see的宾语
how much people are willing to share
本句逗号前是一个祈使句，相当于一个条件状语从句；祈使句中，谓语是Trust,宾语是me。
❶ When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common
so that you can build the conversation from that point.当你第一次遇见一个人时，努力去发现你和对方的共同点，
这样你就能借此建立对话。
—级修饰 When you meet a person for the first time,
[when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 make anjeffort to find the things （祈使句：谓+宾）
[which引导的定语从句，修饰the things
which you and that person have in common
一级修饰 sothat引导的目的状语从句，作句子主干的目的状语
SO that you can build the conversation from that point.
i词汇注释i make an effort努力；做出努力 point * [point] n.特征；要点；时刻
When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you'll find all of a sudden that the conversation
becomes a lot easier.当你就此开始交谈并向外延伸时，你会突然发现谈话变得容易多了。
-级修饰 When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,
〔When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
you'll fikid all of a sudden （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 j that引导的宾语从句，作will find的宾语
that the conversation becomes a lot easier.
outwards ['autwsdz] ad.向外；朝外 all of a sudden突然间；猛然地；出乎意料地
O Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their
attention you get the response liI can multitask".假设你正在向某人倾吐心事，但他们却只是忙着打电话，而当你
要求他们专注一些时，却得到“我可以一心多用”这样的回复。
Imagine （祈使句： 谓+宾从）
| and连接并列的宾语从句
句子主干 and they are just busy on their phone,
and连接并列的宾语从句
and...you get the response "I can multitask,,.
[if引导的条件状语从句
一级修饰 if you ask for their attention
i词汇注释i pour sth. out毫无保留地表达感情（或思想） multitask [jnAltihrsk] v.同时做数件事情
136第十二段
O So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly.因此，当某人试图
与你交流时，请全身心投入其中。
—级修饰 when someone tries to communicate with you,
[when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 So...just be 匝画wholeheartedly.（祈使句：系+表）
i 词汇生薜 i communicate * [ka'mju^ikeit] v.交流；沟通；传达 wholeheartedly [.hsul'halidli] ad.全神贯注地
❷Make eye contact.要进行眼神交流o
句子主干 Make eyejcontact.（祈使句：谓+宾）
i 词汇生盛 * contact *['knntaekt] n.接触 n./vt.联系
© Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens.相信我,眼神交流会让一切奇妙的事情发生。
句子主干 Trust me, eye contact is where all the magic happens.（主+系+表从）
[*屏更]本点句逗号前是一个祈使句 ，相当于一个条件状语从句；祈使句中，谓语是Trust,宾语是me。
❹When you make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.当进行眼神交流时，你才能感受到这次对话。
_级修饰 When you make eye contact,
|When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 you can feel the conversation.（主+系+表）
2t========== .....................
第十三段
O You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have
forgotten their name.你们都遇到过这样一种交谈：和某人初次见面，但过段时间你们可能会再次碰面，而你却
已经忘了他们的名字。
句子主干 You all came into a conversation (主+谓+宾)
[where引导的定语从句，修饰a conversation
where you first met the person,
| but连接的并列句，表转折
—级修饰 but after some time you may have met again
| and连接的并列谓语
and (may) have forgotten their name.
❷Isn't that awkward!这岂不是很尴尬！
句子主干 Isn't that awkward!（否定疑问句：系+主+表）
本句是否定疑问句形式的感叹句，目的是加强语气，尽管形式上是否定的，却表示强有力的肯定。
「商定;主宓I awkward ☆[bkwod] a.令人尴尬的；笨拙的
第十四段]
O So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places
they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate~~whatever you talk about,因此，记住你见过或与之交谈过
的人相关的小细节吧；可能是他们去过的地方，他们想去的地方，他们喜欢的东西，他们讨厌的东西——任
何你们谈论过的东西都可以。
137—级修饰 you met or you talked with;
省略关系词（who/whom/that ）的定语从句,[修饰the people
句子主干 So, remember也登坦登匣鲤些西剪卫兰呸（祈使句: 谓+宾）
[举例说明the little details
perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go,
|并列的名词短语
一级修饰 the things they like, the things they hate
补充说明the little details
―whatever you talk about.
要点注释 分号后四个并列的名词短语the places..., the places..., the things..., the things...后均各自含有一个
省略关系词的定语从句。
第十五段
❶ When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.当你记住这些事情时，
你自然就会成为他们幸福的“投资者”。
一级修饰 Whoi you remember such things
|When引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语
句子主干 史y can automatically become investor （主+系+表）
［介词短语作后置定语，修饰investor
—级修饰 in their wellbeing.
；词汇注释:automatically [plg'maetikli] ad.自动地；无意识地 wellbeing [*werbi:ig] n.幸福；健康
❷ So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going,因此，他们觉得有责任与你维持这段关系。
句子主干 So they feel a responsibility to you （主+系+表）
SESSXXSOEKaB ...........
j动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰a responsibility
一级修饰 to keep that relationship going.
词汇注释：responsibility * [n.spDnsa'bihti] n.责任；职责 relationship * [n'leifnfip] n.关系；联系
第十六段:;
❶ That's it.好啦。
句子主干 That's it.（主+系+表）
❷Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.这就是五个几乎能让你同任何人交谈的神奇
方法。
【说明】本句是一个省略句，补充完整为（These are ） Five amazing ways...anyoneo
句子主干 （These are） （主+系+表）
that引导的定语从句J修饰Five amazing ways
-级修饰 that you can make conversation with almost anyone.
❸ Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!每个人都是一本真正的好书,值得阅读或
与之交谈！
138句子主干 Every person is a really good book （主+系+表）
[or连接并列的动词不定式（短语）作后置定语,修饰a really good book
—级修饰 to read, or to have a conversation with!
Section IH Translation
第一段〕
O A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. —■个五年级学生
的一项家庭作业是：从一份职业列表中选出自己未来的职业道路。
句子主干 A fifth grader gets 迎哽竺&琏竺迎哩削;（主+谓+宾）
动词不定式短语作后置定语，[修饰a homework assignment
—级修饰 to select his future career path
. i介词短语作状语
二级修饰 from a list of occupations.
:词汇注释 i a*ssignment [s^ainmsnt] n.（布置的）作业 o*ccupation [^kju'peVh] n.职业；占用；占领
❷ He ticks "astronaut" but quickly adds "scientist" to the list and selects it as well.他先勾选了 “宇航员'，但很快又
把“科学家”添加到职业列表中，并将它也选上。
He ticks ^astronaut^ （主+谓+宾）
I but连接的并列谓宾
句子主干 but quickly adds "scientist" to the list
| and连接的并列谓宾
and selects it as well.
:词汇注释i t*ick [tik] vt.打上钩n.对号；钩号 a*stronaut faestranol] n.宇航员；航天员
❸ The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes.这个男孩确信，如果
他读的书足够多，他就能够探索尽可能多的职业道路。
The boy is COTmnced （主+谓+宾从）
句子主干 [that引导的宾语从句，作复合谓®is convinced的宾语
that...he can explore as many career paths as he likes.
[if引导的条件状语从句，作宾语从句的条件状语
—级修饰 if he reads enough,
j词汇注释i convinced [ksn'vmst] a.确信的；深信的 explore * [ik'spb:（r）] v.探索；考察讨研究；摸索
❹ And so he reads—verything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.因此，从百科全书到科幻小说，他什么
书都读。
句子主干 And so he reads一everything （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语,[修饰everything
—级修饰 from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.
；词汇注释 i e*ncyclopedia [m,saiklSpi:di0] n.百科全书 science fiction 科幻小说（或影片）
139❺ He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a "no reading policy" at the dinner table.他如此酷爱读书，
以至于他的父母不得不制定吃饭时“禁止读书”的规矩。
句子主干 He reads so passionately （主+谓）
[so...that引导的结果状语从句，作句子主干的结果状语
—级修饰 that his parents have to institute a "no reading policy" at the dinner table.
:词汇注释:passionately ['paefbnstli] ad.狂热地 institute * [*mstitju:t] vt.制定（政策等）；实行 n.机构
第二段
❶ That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn't stopped reading yet——not even after becoming one of the most successful people
on the planet.那个男孩就是比尔-盖茨，他至今仍未停止读书一一即使他已经成为全球最成功的人士之一。
（1） That boy was Bill Gates,（主+系+表）
句子主干 | and连接的并列句
（2） and he hasn9t stopped reading yet （主+谓+宾）
[补充说明（2）句
—级修饰 一not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.
;词汇注释'、、、the planet地球（尤指环境）
❷ Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he
reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.现在，他已不再阅读科幻小说和参考书：最近，他透露自己一年至少
阅读50本非小说类图书。
_级修饰 Nowadays,
__________ [时间状语
句子主干 his reading material has changed （主+谓）
from science fiction and reference books:
补充说明句子主干
_级修饰 recendy, he revealed
[that引导的宾语从句，作revealed的宾语
that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year.
:词汇注释;reveal * [n'vi:l] vt.透露；揭?K；露出 nonfiction [.npn'fikfan] n.非小说类文学作品
❸ Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.盖茨之所以选择非小说类图书，是因为它
们解释世界是如何运行的。
句子主干 Gates chooses nonfictionjtitles （主+谓+宾）
[because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
_级修饰 because they explain how the world works.
❹“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge/5 Gates says.盖茨说：“每本书都会开辟出新的知识途径。”
句子主干 “Each book opens up new avenues...," Gates says.（宾+主+谓）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰new avenues
—级修饰 of knowledge
:词汇注释;open up打开；直抒胸臆 avenue ★[忱vonju:] 途径；方法；大街
140
