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2011年考研英语（一）真题逐词逐句精讲
…第一段”
❶ Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health.'古希腊哲学家亚里士
多德认为，笑是“一种有益健康的身体运动”。
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter （主+谓+宾+宾补）
句子主干 •介词短语作laughter的补足语[
as "a bodily exercise precious to h*ealth/
❷ But despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.但是，笑很可能对
身体健康影响甚微，尽管有些观点与之相反。
—级修饰 But despite some claims to the contrary,
]介词短语作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 laughing probably has Httle influence on physical fitness.（主+谓+宾）
3司汇〉主样:to the contrary相反,相反地 influence*[ -mfluans] n.影响;作用;控制力
❸ Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and
oxygen consumption.笑的确会引起心脏和心血管功能的短期变化，提高心率和耗氧量、
句子主干 Laughter does produce short-terrrrchanges in the function （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语,修饰the function |
of the heart and its blood vessels,
-级修饰 现在分词短语作句子主干的伴随状语
boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.
.妻&生裕:句子主干中的助动词does表示强调，可译为“的确” o
「商无洼裕：vessel ☆[，vesl] n.血管;导管;大船;容器 b*oost [burst] vt.提高;使兴旺n.激励
❹ But because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way, say,
walking or jogging does.但是，由于大笑很难持续，所以它不可能像散步或慢跑那样具有显著的益处。
_级修饰 because hard laughter is difficult to sustain,
I because引导的原因状语从句，作句子主干的原因状语
句子主干 But...a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits （主+谓+宾）
the way引导的方式状语从句作句子主干的方式状语
—级修饰 the way, say, walking or jogging does.
；词汇生祢:measurable [，me3gbl] a.显著的；可测量的 jogging [ d3Dgir）] n.慢跑;慢跑锻炼
77.••第二段•••
O In fact, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite.
事实上，笑不像运动那样可以通过使肌肉紧张来塑造肌肉，它显然起到了相反的作用。
—级修饰 instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does,
l介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 In fact,...laughter apparently accomplishes th^opposite.（主+谓+宾）
:词汇注释:s*train [strein]讥使紧张;扭伤;竭力 o*pposite [ opazit]几反面;对立面
❷ Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter relaxes muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes
after the laugh dies down.自20世纪30年代起的种种研究表明，笑可以使肌肉放松，在笑声逐渐平息后，肌张力
会降低长达45分钟。
句子主干 Studies...indicate些旦gyg些竺jg]竺竺如弦些，（主+谓+宾从）
[现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Studies
dating back to the 1930s
一级修饰 现在分词短语作宾语从句的伴随状语
decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes
[ after引导的时间状语从句
二级修饰 after the laugh dies down.
[诃5匚注努 date back to自……至今;追溯到；始于 i*ndicate [ ^ndikeit] vt.表明；显示;象征;暗示
t*one [tsun] n.张力；语气 die down逐渐平息；逐渐变弱
®•••第三段•••«
❶ Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate the effects of psychological stress.可以想象，这种身体反应
可能有助于缓和心理压力带来的影响。
句子主干 Such bodily reaction might conceivably help moderate^ttweffects （主+谓+宾）
介词短语作后置定语，修饰the effects [
—级修饰 of psychological stress.
词汇注释:reaction [rr&kjn]几.反应；回应;抗拒 conceivably [kan-siivabli]配.可以想象地
m* oderate [ •modareit] 0.缓和；减轻；主持 psychological [ isaikyhx^i虹]a•心理的;心理学的
❷ Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of physical feedback that improve an individual's
emotional state.总之，笑这一行为可能的确会引发改善个人情绪状态的其他类型的身体反馈。
句子主干 Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce otherjyges^£gly^sicaljeedback
that引导的定语从句，修饰physical feedback：
_级修饰 that improve an individual^ emotional state,
u
:零成洼释 本句句子主干的结构为“主语+谓语+宾语” O
词汇注释 f*eedback [ -fiidbsek]几 反馈；反应 i*ndividual [ |indi，vid3u°l]几 个人;个体
78❸ According to one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions.根据一种经典的
情绪理论，我们的情绪部分源于身体反应。
—级修饰 According to one classical theory of emotion,
___________ [插入语
句子主干 our feelings are partially rooted in physical reactions.（主+系+表）
、通汇注释1 be rooted in sth.根源在于……；由……产生;扎根于
❹ It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry because they are sad but that they become sad when
the tears begin to flow. 19世纪末还有人认为，人们不是因为悲伤而哭泣，而是当眼泪开始流淌时才变得悲伤。
It was argued at the end of the 19th century （主+谓）
[it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语
句子主干 that humans do not cry
I but连接并列的主语从句
but that they become sad
because引导的原因状语从句
because they are sad
-级修饰 when引导的时间状语从句
when the tears begin to flow.
….第四段…
O Although sadness also precedes tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow from muscular responses. 尽管悲伤也
会先于眼泪产生,但有证据表明，情绪可以源于肌肉反应。
_级修饰 Although sadness also precedes tears,
[ Although引导的让步状语从句，作句子主干的让步状语
句子主干 evidence suggests that^motions^anjlow （主+谓+宾从）
介词短语作宾语从句的状语[
_级修饰 from muscular responses.
:词汇注释：p*recede [pn siid] m先于;在....之前发生 m*uscular [ *mAskjah （r） ] a.肌肉的；强壮的
❷ In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wiirzburg in Germany asked
volunteers to hold a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would
produce a disappointed expression.在1988年公布的一项实验中,德国维尔茨堡大学的社会心理学家弗里茨•斯特
拉克要求志愿者用牙齿咬住钢笔一从而做出假笑的表情——或者用嘴唇夹住钢笔，从而做出失望的表情。
—级修饰 In an experiment published in 1988,
I
介词短语作句子主干的状语
句子主干 social psychologist Fritz Strack...asked volunteers to hold a pen （主+谓+宾+宾补）
介词短语作后置定语，[修饰social psychologist Fritz Strack
of the University of Wiirzburg in Germany
一级修饰 either...。健接并列的介词短语作方式状语，修饰hold
either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips,
which引导的非限定性定语从句，补充说明to hold a pen with their lips [
二级修饰 which would produce a disappointed expression.
:词汇生释 a*rtificial [ taitrfijl] a.假装的；人造的 e*xpression [ ik-sprejn] n.表情;表露;表达方式
79© Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose
mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way
around.那些被迫锻炼笑肌的人对滑稽漫画的反应比那些皱眉绷嘴的人更为热烈，这表明表情也可以影响情
绪，而不仅仅是情绪影响表情。
—级修饰 forced to exercise their smiling muscles
___________ ］过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Those
句子主干 Those...reacted more enthusiastically to funny c
