外研版新高中英语选择性必修一Unit 4语法讲解与练习

不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词作表语

非谓语动词，又称非限定动词，指在句中不作谓语的动词形式，包含不定式、动名词和分词三类。非

谓语动词作表语时，通常位于系动词之后，用于说明主语的性质、状态或具体内容，包含不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。不同形式的非谓语动词在表语位置上具有不同的语义功能和语法特点，需结合具体语境分析。

一、不定式作表语

①不定式作表语时，常表示主语的具体动作、目的或计划，且可与主语互换位置而不改变句意。

e.g.Her goal is to study abroad.她的目标是出国留学。

The challenge is to complete the task in two hours.挑战是在两小时内完成任务。

②‌不定式作表语表示‌将来或一次性动作‌，常与 aim、plan、wish 等抽象名词搭配，强调内容等同，

主语与表语常可互换。

e.g.Her goal is to graduate.她的目标是毕业

My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job.

③不定式（to do）作为表语时，常用于表示目的、原因、结果或未来的动作。

表示目的：My dream is to become a doctor.我的梦想是成为一名医生。

表示原因：The reason for his absence was to attend a family emergency.

他缺席的原因是处理家庭的紧急情况。

表示结果：The book proved to be interesting.这本书证明很有趣。

表示未来的动作：Our plan is to travel around the world next year.我们的计划是明年环游世界。

二、动名词作表语

①动名词作表语时，相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，常与表示职业、习惯、爱好的主语搭配。此时主

语通常是表示无生命事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。

e.g.His favorite activity is swimming.他最喜欢的活动是游泳。

Teaching is inspiring.教学是富有启发性的。

②动名词作表语表示‌抽象、习惯性或一般性行为，常能和主语互换位置。

e.g.Her hobby is reading.= Reading is her hobby. 她的爱好是读书。

In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

③动名词作为表语时，主要用于描述主语的性质、特征或内容。

描述性质：His hobby is playing tennis.（他的爱好是打网球。）

描述特征：This job involves constant traveling.（这份工作涉及经常出差。）

描述内容：What he said amounts to refusing our offer.（他的话等于拒绝了我们的提议。）

三、现在分词作表语

现在分词表主动或性质

①现在分词作表语时，相当于形容词，用于说明主语的性质、特征，不可与主语互换位置。

e.g.The movie is boring.这部电影很无聊。

The results are surprising.结果令人惊讶。

②作表语‌具形容词性‌，表示心理情感的词，意为“令人......的”，主语多为物。

e.g.The movie is exciting.电影很感人。

His arrival is surprising. 他的到来令人吃惊。

③表示主语正在进行的动作或状态，且主语是该动作的发出者。

e.g.He is exciting when telling stories.他讲故事时很激动人心。

④某些形容词化的现在分词表示主语的特征或性质。

e.g.The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。

2.过去分词表被动或状态：

①过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况。

e.g.The door remains locked.门仍然锁着。

She felt exhausted.她感到筋疲力尽。

②作表语‌也具形容词性‌，说明主语感受‌，表示心理情感的词意为“感到......的”，主语常为人。

e.g.She was exhausted.她精疲力竭。

She felt excited about the news.她对这个消息感到兴奋。

③表示主语所处的被动状态或已经完成的动作。

e.g.The window is broken.窗户破了。

注意事项

①逻辑一致性：非谓语动词需与主语在逻辑上匹配。

②时态与语态协调：虽然非谓语动词本身无时态变化，但需与句子整体时态一致。

③避免混淆：需区分动名词（表性质）与现在分词（表状态）、过去分词（被动）与现在分词（主动）等

用法。

④避免冗余修饰：非谓语动词作表语已含修饰功能，无需叠加形容词。

语法练习

1.Your task today is(wash) the curtains. 

2.The first step in awakening senses is(stop) predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. 

3.My dream is(admit) to a key university and make great contributions to our motherland. 

4.The aim of this investigation is(bring) the truth to light, which is an uplifting notice for the public.

5.The investigation concluded that poor management was(blame) for the accident, not the equipment. 

6.The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t(reach) the top.

7.The so-called Mint Mambo Style is simply(dress) in shades of fresh green.

8.His main problem is(waste) too much time on computer games. 

9.When I woke up and came out of the dormitory, he remained(stand) there. 

10.Now that you are(die) to join in the league, why not try out for it? 

11.I feel(cheat) really. I was meant to go to France and now it’s only Leeds.

12.In its history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got(stick). 

13.He was too distressed and(confuse) to answer their questions. 

14.The wound from the dog bite has become(infect). 

15.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,(not make) it more difficult.

16.The best way to build a great team is(gather) a group of the most talented and influential individuals.

17.What makes Tom excited is(be) a volunteer for the Milan 2026 Olympic Winter Games.

18.My wish is(find) a part-time job this summer. 

19.The only thing that interests him is(dance). 

20.The crucial thing is(use) body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.

21.What I hate most is(laugh) at.

22.Your task is(clean) the old car over there on your own. 

23.What annoyed me most was(cheat) by her over and over again. 

24.What I am tired of is(wait) here alone. 

25.The guests came in, but she remained(sit) by the desk. 

26.All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting(involve)．

27.Once you have your tools set up, it is time to get(start)on the task.

28.She was(employ)in doing the rewarding job every day. 

29.They are(engage)in talks with the other company. 

30.I felt greatly(honour)to be invited here to give a speech. 

参考答案：to wash; to stop; to be admitted; to bring; to blame; reaching; dressing; wasting; standing; dying; cheated; stuck; confused; infected; not to 

make; to gather; to be; to find; dancing; using; being laughed; cleaning; being cheated; waiting; sitting; involved; started; employed; engaged; honored