英语三级考证复习资料(6)

句法翻译

2.1换序译法

英语和汉语在语法结构上有着许多差别。翻译时需要根据译文的语言习惯，

对原文的词序进行调整，使译文做到最大程度上的通顺。

e.g.1) It is no use gathering a lot of facts and data without making athorough study and scientific analysis of them.

译文：搜集大量事实和数据而不进行仔细研究和科学分析是毫无用处的。（主语从句换序）

   2)Send me a message in case you have anydifficulty.

译文：万一有什么困难，请给我一个信。（状语从句换序）

   3）Cheerful, efficient andwarm-hearted, they will doeverything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.

译文：他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒服。（状语移位，并转变为谓语）

4) For this reason, ourcompany explained solemnly to your company many times in February last year.

译文：我公司为此于去年二月郑重地多次向贵公司表示。

（英语原文的词序：目的状语、主语、谓语、方式状语、指涉状语、频度状语、时间状语；汉语的词序：主语、目的状语、时间状语、方式状语、频度状语、指涉状语、谓语。）

5) In recent years increasingattention has been paid to the economic benefit in the production of our factory.

近年来，我厂生产越来越注重经济效益。

试比较：1）发生了这样的事不是你的错。

译文：It’s not your fault that this has happened.

       2) 她认真热情，一字不漏地记下了所说的话。

译文：Conscientious and eager, she took down what was said, careful not to miss a word.(×She was conscientious and eager and, without missing aword, took down what was said.)

3) 会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。

译文：The meeting endedin disagreement.(× The meeting didn’t achieve agreement andended).(状语换序)

4) 这本参考书提供了大量的练习和问题。

译文：Abundant exercises and problems are provided in this reference book.

    2.2断句译法

     e.g.1) It is certain that man willeventually solve the riddle of UFO

译文：人类最后必将解开不明飞行物之谜。／／这一点是可以肯定的。（拆开名词从句）

       2) It is very easy to bring some booksfrom the bookstores and libraries, but to learn the knowledge in the books andput the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.

译文：从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举的。／／然而，从书中学得知识并把这些知识运用到实践中去就决不是那么简单的事情。（拆开并列句）

      3) There is now a single acceptedpronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviationfrom which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism.

译文：现今日常社交所用的大多数读音已有了一个公认的统一的标准。／／不符合这个标准，就被称为方言或粗俗发音了。（拆开定语从句）

试比较：１）拿我们这些人来说，很多人每年都有一些进步。

译文：Take for example those of us present here.Many of us make some progress each year.( 比方句，常分译)

２）与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。

译文：The opinions of attendants were far fromunanimous about this issue so that some of them began to quarrel with eachother. The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment.

2.3转句译法

e.g. 1) He had a sound feeling that idiom was thebackbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.

译文：他感到习语是语言的主要支柱，因此特别主张用生动的短语，他的想法是非常正确的。（定语转句）

   2) Iwould not do so in your place.

译文：如果我处于你的位置，我不会那样做。(状语转句)

   3) Thesharp divergence of opinion in the General Assembly makes it difficult toadopt a meaningful resolution.

译文：大会上意见分歧很大，以致难以通过一项有实际意义的决议。（主语转句）

4) All this considered, Ithink you’d better leave this to me.

译文：如果把这一切加以考虑，最好这事由我来办。（独立结构转句）

5)He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.

译文：他有一种令人难堪的习惯，想法前后矛盾，变化多端。

试比较：1)美国学校的教育制度，在许多方面与我们的不同。

译文：American schools have aneducation system which differs n many respects fromours.

2）他像大海捞针一样在茫茫黑夜里寻找金色的梦。

译文：He searched for his golden dream in the pitch dark of the night. It was just like fishing for a needle inthe ocean. (状语转句)

2.4合句译法

e.g. 1) She is very busyat home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.

译文：她在家很忙，又要看好房子，又要下厨。

2) She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriouslyill.

译文：她回家去照顾病重的丈夫。

3) They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People cameto and fro there.

译文：他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点书。

4) The facts are more prosaic than the legend. He was in no sense aninnovator.

译文：事实并不如传说那样神乎其神，他根本不是什么发明家。

试比较：１）请你方考虑，今后货物一经订妥，就不可撤销，我们认为，这样才有助于更好的合作。

译文：We should like to have your consideration that, in the future,orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards, which, we think, will beconductive to better cooperation.

2）最后两个字是特别用力的。大家都不懂“这个”是什么。

译文：He laid special stress on the word “this”, but nobody appeared tounderstand what he meant.

2.5转态译法

在翻译过程中把原文中的被动语态转换成主动语态，或把原文中的主动语态转换成被动语态。

e.g. 1) It iswell known that printing was introduced into Europe from Chinese many yearsago.

译文：大家知道，印刷术是许多年前从中国传入欧洲的。（补充主语“大家”）

   2) The issue has not yet thoroughlyexplored.

译文：人们迄今对这一问题尚未进行过彻底的探索。（补充主语“人们”）

   3) Attention should be paid to the effectivemeasures to prevent air pollution.

译文：应当注意采取有效措施防止空气污染。（译成无主句）

4) New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consultedon these reported plans.

译文：新西兰不知道这件事，也没有人同它商讨过这些传闻的计划。（补充主语“有人”）

5）He was askednot to be late again by the teacher.

译文：老师要他不要再迟到。（原文中的主语在译文中作宾语）

6）We were givena warm welcome in the U.S.A.

译文：在美国我们受到热烈欢迎。

试比较：１）有问题要及时加以解决。

译文：Problems should be resolved in good time.（汉语的无主句译成被动语态）

        2) 热烈欢迎世界各地客商来此进一步加强合作，建立和发展贸易关系。

译文：Customers from various countries and regions are warmly welcome toestablish and develop business contacts.

        3) 据说核电站正在筹建中。

译文：Nuclear power plants are said to be under preparation forconstruction.

  Or  Itis said that nuclear power plants are under preparation for construction.  

说明：关于转态译法，要注意两点：一是英译汉时汉语译文可以采用主动语态，但不一定要有主语，而汉译英时汉语原文中的无主句译成英语后必须添加主语；另一点要注意的是有些英语被动句在翻译成汉语时仍以被动语态出现，但避开用“被”字，而根据具体的上下文用“受”、“为”、“由”等表示被动概念。

2.6正反译法

e.g. 1) I dothink that it is beyond his power tofulfill the task.

译文：我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。

   2) Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?

译文：你知道她为什么老是不想见到你？

  3) Stoptalking nonsense!

译文：别胡说八道！

4) We must never stoptaking an optimistic view of life.

译文：我们对生活要永远抱乐观态度。

5)He returned home with nohope on his face.

译文：他满脸灰心绝望地回到了家。

试比较：1)她光着脚走进了房间。

译文：She came into the room withno shoes on.

2)我们还没到达机场，飞机就已经起飞了。

译文：The plane had taken off beforewe arrived at the airport.

3）他提前三天到达是我们没想到的。

译文：His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation.

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