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【高中英语】全套知识点汇总!高一高二高三通用,高考直接背
【高中英语】全套知识点汇总!高一高二高三通用,高考直接背
高中英语想要稳拿高分，核心不在于盲目刷题，而是把零散知识点系统吃透。本文整合词汇、语法、句型、写作、完形阅读解题技巧全板块，高一到高三通用，建议收藏打印，考前反复复盘！1. 核心词汇必背规律（词性转换、词根词缀、高频短语）2. 十大核心语法精讲（时态、非谓语、从句、情态动词等）3. 特殊句式大全（倒装、强调、省略、虚拟语气）4. 书面表达万能句型+高级替换词5. 完形填空&阅读理解答题技巧6. 短文改错/语法填空满分套路一、核心词汇必背规律（一）词性转换万能后缀1. 动词→名词- -tion/-sion：educate→education；decide→decision- -ment：develop→development；agree→agreement- -ance/-ence：appear→appearance；differ→difference- -er/or：work→worker；invent→inventor2. 名词→形容词- -ful：care→careful；hope→hopeful- -less（否定）：care→careless；hope→hopeless- -y：rain→rainy；wind→windy- -ous：danger→dangerous；vary→various3. 形容词→副词直接+ly：quick→quickly；slow→slowly特殊变化：true→truly；simple→simply；gentle→gently（二）高频易混动词短语（高考必考）take 系列take up 占据；开始从事take off 起飞；走红；脱掉take on 承担；雇佣take over 接管take place 发生（无被动）make 系列make up 编造；化妆；和解make out 辨认；理解make for 促成；有利于make sense 有道理give 系列give up 放弃give away 赠送；泄露give out 分发；耗尽give in 屈服put 系列put off 推迟put up 张贴；搭建put aside 搁置put through 接通电话（三）形近/义近易混词1. affect v. 影响；effect n. 影响，效果2. rise vi. 上升（无宾语）；raise vt. 举起，筹集3. spend（人作主语）；cost（物作主语）；take（it作形式主语）4. accept 主观接受；receive 客观收到5. alone 独自；lonely 孤独的二、十大核心语法精讲1. 动词时态（8大基础时态+完成进行时）1. 一般现在：常态、客观真理、时刻表2. 一般过去：过去具体时间发生3. 一般将来：will / be going to / be to do4. 现在进行：此刻正在；表近期计划5. 过去进行：过去某刻正在做6. 现在完成时（高考重中之重）标志词：since, so far, recently, already, yet, in the past+时间段结构：have/has + done核心：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响区别：have gone to 去了未回；have been to 去过已回；have been in 待了多久7. 过去完成时：had done，过去的过去8. 现在完成进行时：have been doing，持续做且仍在进行2. 被动语态结构：be + done（be随时态变化）无被动动词：happen, appear, occur, belong to, consist of, break out3. 非谓语动词（语法填空、改错高频）（1）to do 不定式作用：目的、将来、要去做固定搭配：decide to do, refuse to do, manage to do省to情况：make/let/have sb do；感官动词see/hear/watch sb do（2）doing 动名词/现在分词表主动、进行；介词后一律加doing固定搭配：enjoy doing, finish doing, mind doing, suggest doing（3）done 过去分词表被动、完成判断口诀：主动进行doing，被动完成done，目的将来to do4. 三大从句名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句）连接词：that（无含义不做成分）；whether/if（是否）wh-词：what/who/where/when/why（有含义、在从句充当成分）同位语从句：解释抽象名词fact, news, idea, promise，只用that不省略定语从句1. 关系代词：人who/whom/whose/that；物which/that只用that：最高级、序数词、不定代词all/everything后只用which：介词后、逗号隔开非限制性定语从句2. 关系副词：where（地点）when（时间）why（原因）状语从句- 时间：when/while/as/before/after/since/until- 条件：if/unless/as long as- 让步：though/although/even if（不与but连用）- 原因：because/since/as- 结果：so…that… / such…that…5. 情态动词can/could：能力、许可、推测（否定can’t不可能）may/might：许可、可能性（might更弱）must：必须；肯定推测（must have done过去一定做了）should：应该；竟然need：需要（实义/情态两种用法）would：过去常常；委婉请求6. 主谓一致三大原则1. 语法一致：单数主语单数谓语2. 意义一致：family/class表家人用复数；表整体用单数3. 就近一致：there be；either…or；neither…nor；not only…but also7. 冠词a/an/the零冠词固定搭配：by bus, on foot, at noon, play球类定冠词the：独一无二、特指、乐器、序数词、江河山脉不定冠词a/an：泛指一类，元音音素前an8. 代词it 形式主语/形式宾语：It is + adj. + to do / that从句不定代词：some/any; many/much; few/little/a few/a little复合不定代词something/nobody 定语后置9. 形容词&副词比较等级原级：as…as；否定not as/so…as比较级：-er / more，标志词than, much, far, even修饰比较级最高级：-est / most，in/of范围限定特殊变化：good→better→best；bad→worse→worst；much→more→most10. 介词固定搭配时间介词：in年/月/季节；on具体日期/星期；at时刻固定介词短语：in trouble, in surprise, with pleasure, without doubt三、特殊句式（短文改错&语法填空必考）1. 倒装句1. 全倒装：地点副词放句首 Here comes the bus.2. 部分倒装（高频）- 否定词放句首：never, little, hardly, seldom, not only- only+状语放句首 Only then did I realize…- so/neither/nor 表“也/也不”2. 强调句结构：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 剩余句子区分定语从句：去掉it is…that句子完整=强调句3. 虚拟语气1. 对现在虚拟：If did…, would do2. 对过去虚拟：If had done…, would have done3. 对将来虚拟：If should do / were to do, would do4. 特殊：suggest/advise/insist/request 从句 (should) do4. 省略句状语从句主从句主语一致，可省略主语+be：When (I am) reading, I like quiet.四、书面表达｜万能素材（公众号学生刚需）（一）高级替换词（替换低级词汇，作文提分）1. important → vital / significant2. many → a large number of / abundant3. think → hold the view that / consider4. good → beneficial / rewarding5. bad → harmful / negative6. solve → deal with / cope with7. help → contribute to8. very → extremely / remarkably（二）书信类万能开头结尾开头1. I’m writing to tell you something about…2. Hearing that you have trouble in…, I’m writing to offer some advice.3. How is everything going? I’m glad to receive your letter.结尾1. I would appreciate it if you could take my advice into consideration.2. Looking forward to your early reply.3. Wish you all the best!（三）议论文高级句型1. There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……2. It is high time that we took action to… 是我们行动起来……的时候了3. Only in this way can we… 只有这样我们才能（倒装加分句）4. As far as I’m concerned, … 在我看来5. Not only can we…, but also we can… 不仅能…还能…（四）过渡连接词（逻辑分档，阅卷加分）递进：besides, furthermore, what’s more转折：however, nevertheless, on the contrary因果：therefore, as a result, consequently总结：in short, in conclusion, all in all五、题型解题满分技巧（一）阅读理解1. 细节题：定位原文原句，比对选项，警惕偷换概念、扩大范围2. 主旨题：看首尾段、每段首句，高频词即文章中心3. 推理题：答案不直接原文复制，需合理推断，绝对词must/only一般排除4. 词义猜测：利用前后转折、因果、举例逻辑推测（二）完形填空解题逻辑1. 先通读全文把握主旨，不边读边选2. 优先搭配、词义辨析、上下文复现词3. 情感线索：正负感情色彩匹配选项4. 最后回读检查逻辑通顺（三）语法填空两步法1. 有提示词：变时态、单复数、词性转换、比较级2. 无提示词：填冠词、介词、连词、代词（四）短文改错十大高频错误1. 名词单复数；2. 时态不一致；3. 主谓一致；4. 非谓语混用2. 连词逻辑错误（but/so/and混用）；6. 冠词多余/缺失3. 代词指代错误；8. 形容词副词混用；9. 介词搭配错4. 固定短语固定搭配错误以上就是全套高中英语核心知识点，覆盖高考全部考点，不管是一轮基础复习、二轮专项突破还是高三冲刺都适用。 
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