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2025全国一卷熟词生义
一、听力部分
1.address
1.出处：听力第十段材料“The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in their communities”
2.熟义：地址；演讲
3.生义：设法解决；处理；对付
4.例句：We must address the problem of air pollution immediately.
二、阅读理解部分
（一）A 篇
1.
breakdown
1.出处：“Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport”
2.熟义：故障；垮掉
3.生义：（对庞杂信息的）分类，分析
4.例句：The manager gave a breakdown of the project's progress.
2.
green
1.出处：“The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful...”
2.熟义：绿色的
3.生义：环保的
4.例句：More and more people prefer green products.
（二）B 篇
1.
strike
1.出处：“writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important”
2.熟义：打击；罢工
3.生义：给…… 留下印象；让…… 觉得
4.例句：The idea struck me as very strange.
2.
story
3.
1.出处：“The students... turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each”
2.熟义：故事；传说
3.生义：（学生创作的）文章；作品
4.例句：His latest story for the school magazine is really impressive.
（三）C 篇
1.
rush
2.
1.出处：标题“Why the Rush?”
2.熟义：（动词）冲；奔
3.生义：（名词）匆忙；仓促
4.例句：There's no need for such a rush.
3.
decent
4.
1.出处：“champion ‘New York as a decent place to live’”
2.熟义：体面的；正派的
3.生义：合适的；像样的
4.例句：We need a decent place to stay for the night.
5.
champion
6.
1.出处：“Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live’”
2.熟义：冠军（名词）
3.生义：捍卫；支持（动词）
4.例句：He championed the cause of civil rights throughout his career.
（四）D 篇
1.
trap
2.
1.出处：“trapped through the boiling process”
2.熟义：（名词）陷阱；（动词）使陷入困境
3.生义：（动词）捕获；收集
4.例句：The device is used to trap and measure tiny particles.
3.
present
4.
1.出处：“We hope to present the rather abstract Go game...”
2.熟义：礼物；现在；出席的
3.生义：展示；呈现
4.例句：The artist will present his new works at the gallery next week.
三、七选五部分
1.hit
1.出处：“I am sure it will be a hit in the newspaper!”（应用文范文）
2.熟义：（动词）打；击
3.生义：（名词）成功；走红的事物
4.例句：The new movie has become a big hit.
四、完形填空部分
1.
spare
2.
1.出处：“Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill”
2.熟义：（形容词）空闲的；备用的
3.生义：（动词）节省；避免
4.例句：We should spare no effort to protect the environment.
3.
store
4.
1.出处：“rented a place to store our supposedly important objects”
2.熟义：（名词）商店
3.生义：（动词）储存；贮藏
4.例句：We need to store these documents in a safe place.
5.
post
6.
1.出处：“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”
2.熟义：邮政；岗位；帖子（名词）；张贴（动词）
3.生义：（在网络平台）发布
4.例句：She posts beautiful photos on Instagram every day.
五、语法填空部分
1.guide（名词形式 guidance）
1.出处：“force them to follow your ‘guidance’ till they lose”
2.熟义：导游；指导（动词）
3.生义：指引；导向（名词）
4.例句：The compass is a useful guide when you are in the wild.
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2025全国二卷 熟词生义整理
一、听力部分
1. dismissed
·出处TEXT6 交通违规对话 “The students aren't dismissed until three thirty.”
·熟义解雇；开除（v.）
·生义（学校）放学；解散（v.）
·例句The teacher dismissed the class early due to the storm.（因暴风雨，老师提前放学。）
·
二、阅读理解部分
（一）A 篇
1.home出处：Hereford 部分 “It's also home to an ancient library.”熟义：家生义：所在地；发源地例句：This city is home to many historical landmarks.（这座城市是许多历史地标的所在地。）
2.working出处：Mevagissey 部分 “The working harbor（港口） took shape in 1774.”熟义：工作的生义：仍在使用的；运营中的例句：The working dock handles over 100 ships daily.（这个仍在使用的码头每天处理 100 多艘船只。）
3.shape
[原文]Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.
[常见]形状；外形 (n.)
[高考]塑造；形成 (v.)
“shaped by”指的是通过几个世纪以来的商品和服务生产及交易，形成了（塑造了）独特的特色。这里是动词的用法，表示“对······产生影响，决定······的特点”。
People’s political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers.人们的政治观点受报纸的影响。
后文“The working harbor took shape in 1774.”中的“shape”是名词。
take shape表示“成形；有了模样”。
A new song began to take shape in her mind.一首新歌开始在她脑子里成形了。
4.skirt
[原文]Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum.
[常见]裙子 (n.)
[高考]环绕······的四周；位于······的边缘；沿······的边缘走 (v.)
原文中，“skirting the town square”表示“沿着镇广场的边缘走/绕着镇广场走”，强调的是沿边而行，避开中心。
They followed the road that skirted the lake.他们顺着湖边公路走。
5.line
[原文]Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square.
[常见]线；排；队伍 (n.)
[高考]沿······形成行（或列、排） (v.)
“line the town square”意为“肉店、菜店、面包店和奶酪店排列在镇广场的两旁”，动词用法，表示“成排地分布在······”。
Trees line the road on both sides.道路两旁都是树。
6.border
[原文]Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.
[常见]国界；边界 (n.)
[高考]和······毗邻；与······接壤 (v.)
“Bordering the square”是现在分词短语作状语，表示“毗邻镇广场”。这里border不再是常见的“边界”名词，而是动词。
The area borders on the Yorkshire Dales.这个地区与约克郡河谷相邻。
（二）B篇
benefit
27题干：How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good?
[常见]优势；益处；成效 (n.)
[高考]对······有用；使受益 (v.)
题目询问的是“根据Good的说法，医院学校在什么方面让学生受益的”，这里考察的是“benefit”的动词用法。
The project will benefit the local community as a whole.该项目将使当地社区整体受益。
（二）C 篇1. translate出处：第三段“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.”熟义：翻译生义：转化为；导致例句：Hard work can translate into success.（努力工作能转化为成功。）
2.sustain出处：最后一段“you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.”熟义：维持；支撑生义：养护；照料例句：She learned to sustain indoor plants during lockdown.（她在封锁期间学会了养护室内植物。）
3.practice出处：最后一段“doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law”熟义：练习生义：执业；从事（职业）例句：He practices law in New York.（他在纽约执业当律师。）
4.flood
[原文]She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.
[常见]洪水 (n.)；淹没 (v.)
[高考]（大量地）涌到，涌去；蜂拥而出 (v.)
“she was flooded”并非指“她被水淹没”，而是指由于订单量巨大，她应接不暇，像潮水般涌来的订单让她处理不过来。引申义，表示“量大得令人难以处理”。
The office was flooded with applications for the job.办公室堆满了应征该职的求职信。
5.fashion
[原文]“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr.Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.
[常见]时装；流行款式 (n.)
[高考]时尚，时兴 (n.)
根据文意，不能译为“植物是时装”，而是“植物现在正很流行”。此外，“be in fashion”表示“流行”，“be out of fashion”表示“过时”。
Fashions in art and literature come and go.文艺的潮流总是昙花一现。
6.translate
[原文]This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.
[常见]翻译 (v.)
[高考]（使）转变﹐（使）变化 (v.)
“translates into”表示“这种高效率也完全‘体现’在公司职员中”。
I hope all the hard work will translate into profits.我希望所有的辛勤劳动都会有回报。
7.leave
[原文]Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.
[常见]离开 (v.)
[高考]请假；休假 (n.)
原文中的“sick leave”是一个固定搭配，指“病假”。
How much annual leave do you get?你们的年假有多长？
8.face
28题干：It faced tough competition.
[常见]脸，面孔；面部表情 (n.)
[高考]面对，应对 (v.)
“face”在该中作动词，意思是“面对、遭遇”，后接“tough competition（激烈的竞争）”。这种用法常用于描述个人、组织或事物在某种情况下需要应对挑战或困难。
We are facing a financial crisis.我们正面临一次财政/金融危机。
（三）D 篇1. rejected出处：第五段“rejected sweet potatoes”熟义：拒绝生义：被挑拣的；不合格的例句：The farmer sold rejected fruits at a lower price.（农民以低价出售不合格的水果。）
2.butt出处：第五段“cucumber butts”熟义：屁股生义：残端；末端例句：He threw away the cigarette butt.（他扔掉了烟蒂。）
3.stepping stone出处：第四段“Consider failure as a stepping stone to success.”熟义：垫脚石生义：达成目标的中间阶段例句：This job is a stepping stone to a better career.（这份工作是通往更好职业的垫脚石。）
4.lift出处：第四段“Lift others up on your journey.”熟义：举起；抬起生义：鼓舞；激励例句：Her words lifted my spirits.（她的话鼓舞了我的士气。）
5.work out出处：第一段“began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle”熟义：计算出；解决生义：锻炼；健身例句：I work out at the gym three times a week.（我每周去健身房锻炼三次。）
6.appropriate
[原文]Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
[常见]适当的；恰当的 (adj.)
[高考]挪用；（为特定用途）拨出；占用 (v.)
原文中的“re-appropriated”表示“重新被利用”，强调这些原本可能被浪费的食材被大厨们“加以利用”。
The government decided to appropriate funds for education.(政府决定拨出资金用于教育。)
7.address
[原文]Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
[常见]地址 (n.)
[高考]处理；应对；解决 (v.)
“address problems”意为“解决问题”，是动词用法，表示“着手处理或解决某个问题或情况”。
We need to address the issue immediately.我们需要立即处理这个问题。
三、完形填空部分1. wake-up call出处：第一段“She only started to exercise seven years ago after having a wake-up call.”熟义：叫醒电话生义：警醒事件；警示例句：The health scare was a wake-up call for him.（健康危机对他是一次警醒。）
2.work out
[原文]Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle.
[常见]解决；计算出
[高考]锻炼；健身
“work out”在此处指“锻炼身体。Donohue开始锻炼身体，报纸一个健康的生活方式。
I work out regularly to keep fit.我经常做运动以保持健康
3.be down to
[原文]She said it was all down to some key aspects.
[常见]（某人）情绪低落到······
[高考]归因于；取决于
“be down to”在句中表示这“取决于”关键要点。
His success is all down to hard work.他的成功完全归因于努力工作。
4.lift up
[原文]Lift others up on your journey.
[常见]举起；抬高
[高考]鼓舞；激励；帮助（他人）
“lift others up”是指在自己的人生旅程中，也要“帮助/鼓舞/激励他人”。
Her encouraging words really lifted my spirits up.(她鼓励的话语确实振奋了我的精神。)
四、语法填空部分1. central出处：语法填空“central heating doesn't exist”熟义：中心的；中央的生义：集中的例句：Central heating systems keep homes warm in winter.（集中供暖系统在冬天为房屋保暖。）
六、读后续写
spare
[原文]This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain.
[常见]备用的；多余的 (adj.)；节约；匀出 (v.)
[高考]免除某人（做某事）的麻烦/困难/痛苦等 (v.)
“spared me the discomfort”表示这种态度“省了”我反复解释的麻烦。
I wanted to spare them the trouble of buying me a present.我不想让他们费事给我买礼物了。
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