夜雨聆风本文拆解 2025 年天津市中考英语笔试「阅读理解 B」(5 小题,题号 31-35)。一篇关于灯笼鱼的科普说明文,先给你一套可复用的阅读方法,再逐题讲透:定位 → 思路 → 易错坑 → 一句口诀。
原文篇章(阅读 B)
Lanternfish (灯笼鱼) are fish that carry their own lights. Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath (在下面). They have very large eyes. They eat small sea animals.
If you want to find them, you must go deep into the sea. As you go deeper and deeper, the daylight (日光) becomes dimmer and dimmer. At over 152 metres below the surface (表面) of the water, the daylight is almost gone. The water is dark blue. There you will find lanternfish.
There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world. Most lanternfish are just as long as your fingers.
Even the biggest lanternfish are only about 15 centimetres (厘米) long. They are not large in size. However, each lanternfish has about 100 small round lights on the lower part of its body. The fish use their lights to help them catch food. They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise (认出) each other. At night, they may swim up near the surface of the sea. Their lights shine like stars under the water.
Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea.
一、阅读理解到底考什么?
天津中考阅读理解常见两类素材:记叙文(如阅读 A 的小故事)和说明文 / 科普文(如本篇灯笼鱼)。无论哪种,5 个小题几乎都是细节题,本质就一句话:答案都在原文里,考的是“找得到、比得准”。说明文还多考“词义猜测”和“文章出处 / 板块”。
二、通用四步法
1读题干圈关键词:先读 5 道题,圈出 what / how many / which part / 大写词、数字。
2回文定位(顺序原则):题号通常按段落顺序出,31 题在前段、35 题靠后,带着关键词扫读原文。
3比对选项找同义改写:正确答案常是原文的同义替换,很少照抄原词。
4排除干扰项:偷换概念、答非所问、无中生有的三项直接划掉。
三、高频题型(认题型 = 半只脚进门)
① 细节查找题:what / who / where,直接回原文找原词(如本篇 31、34 题)。
② 原因 / 目的题:because / so that / in order to 引导(如 34 题 recognise each other)。
③ 数字 / 计算题:盯紧数字 + 它修饰的名词(如 33 题 over 230 kinds,别把 152/15/100 认错)。
④ 词义猜测题:上下文逻辑推理(如 32 题 dimmer,由 daylight almost gone 推“更暗”)。
⑤ 出处 / 板块题:抓文章主题与首尾(如 35 题 Nature 板块)。
四、三大坑(阅读最常栽)
坑1 主观臆断:用常识替代理原文。如 35 题看到 lights 就选 Space,但讲的是海里发光的鱼,属 Nature。
坑2 张冠李戴:数字题把别的数据安到本题。如 33 题把 152 米 / 15 厘米 / 100 灯当成“种类数”。
坑3 答非所问:选项本身对,但答的不是题干问的角度。如 34 题选了 catch food(用光捕食也对),但题干问的是“为了互相辨认”。
阅读不靠猜,回文找依据;题干圈关键,选项比原文。
逐题拆解(31-35)
31细节查找题
What is the colour of most lanternfish on top?
ABrown. ← 答案
BGreen.
CRed.
DSilver.
【定位】第一段: Most lanternfish are brown on top and silver underneath.
【思路】题干问“大多数灯笼鱼背面(上面)是什么颜色”。定位第一段 most lanternfish are brown on top → brown(棕色)。silver 是 underneath(下面)的颜色,别混。
【易错坑】silver(银色)是“下面”的颜色,题干问的是 on top(上面);Green / Red 原文压根没出现。颜色题务必看清楚方位词 on top vs underneath。
【口诀】brown on top, silver underneath → 上面棕色,下面银色。
32词义猜测题
What does the word “dimmer” mean in Paragraph 2?
AQuicker.
BEasier.
CRicher.
DDarker. ← 答案
【定位】第二段: the daylight becomes dimmer and dimmer ... the daylight is almost gone.
【思路】dimmer 是 dim(昏暗的)的比较级,意为“更暗”。语境链:越往深海 → daylight(日光)变得 dimmer and dimmer → 直到 almost gone(几乎消失),所以 = darker(更暗)。
【易错坑】干扰项 quicker / easier / richer 都和“光逐渐变弱”无关;词义题要顺着上下文逻辑推,不是凭单词拼写瞎蒙。
【口诀】daylight almost gone → dimmer = 更暗(darker)。
33数字细节题
How many kinds of lanternfish are there in the world?
AOver 152.
BOver 230. ← 答案
CAbout 15.
DAbout 100.
【定位】第三段: There are over 230 different kinds of lanternfish in the world.
【思路】题干问“世界上有多少种灯笼鱼”。定位第三段 over 230 different kinds → Over 230。
【易错坑】数字题最易张冠李戴:152 是“水深(米)”、15 是“最大体长(厘米)”、100 是“身上小灯数量”——全是别的数据。问 kinds(种类)只对应 230。盯紧数字 + 它修饰的名词。
【口诀】kinds → over 230;152 / 15 / 100 是别的数据,别乱认。
34细节查找题(目的)
In order to recognise each other, lanternfish also use lights to ________.
Adrink water
Bcook food
Csend information ← 答案
Dfall asleep
【定位】第四段: They also use their lights to send information so that they can recognise each other.
【思路】题干问“为了互相认出,灯笼鱼还用光来做什么”。定位第四段 so that they can recognise each other 前面的动作——use their lights to send information(传递信息)。
【易错坑】catch food(捕食)也是“用光的目的”,但题干限定了 in order to recognise each other(为了互相辨认),所以选 send information;drink / cook / fall asleep 原文无。注意 so that 引导的目的 = 题干的 in order to。
【口诀】recognise each other → send information(传递信息)。
35出处/板块题
In which part of a magazine can we find the passage?
AArt.
BSpace.
CHealth.
DNature. ← 答案
【定位】全文讲海洋生物灯笼鱼(栖息地、外形、发光原理、种类),末段 Lanternfish are one of the wonders of the sea.
【思路】这是“文章出处 / 板块”题。全文介绍一种海洋生物,属于自然科学 / 自然类 → Nature(自然)。Art(艺术)/ Space(太空)/ Health(健康)都不符。
【易错坑】容易看到 lights(光)就联想到 Space(太空里有光)?但讲的是海里发光的鱼,归属 Nature 板块。末句 “wonders of the sea” 直接指向自然 / 海洋类。
【口诀】海洋生物 → Nature 板块(自然类杂志)。