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2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay.
You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture
and then express your views on the importance of reading literature.
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and
answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer
from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the
sentences with the information given in the passage.
Surviving the Recession
America’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolved
into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers
who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work?
Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-
ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; and what a mess they
have created.
Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce
are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers. The only industries
swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value
of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to
a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat. Industrial
production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World
War. Mark Zandi, an economist at Moody’s Economy.com, predicts that the recession
will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. For most executives, this is the
worst business environment they’ve ever seen.
Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median (中位数的) pay
for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown
business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38%
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 1 页and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for
chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.
Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson, the
president of Marriott hotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after
September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling.
Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year,
without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the
board”, says Mr Sorenson.
The hotel bust (不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaking boom.
Although many other big firms resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers
borrowed heavily and built bigger and fancier hotels as if the whole world were
planning a holiday in Las Vegas. When the bubble burst, demand collapsed. Hotel
owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lot of
unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.
Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, property
firms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the
American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009
could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors,
Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-
plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are
desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.
Hard times breed hard feelings. Few Americans understand what caused the
recession. Some are seeking scapegoats (替罪羊). Politicians are happy to take
advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live
television. The president condemns their greed.
Extravagance (奢侈) is out
Businessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant.
Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank,
cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San
Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.
Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine.
Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before.
The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to
come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their
ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do
business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the
temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay
its hand.
The crisis will prove hugely disruptive (破坏性的), however. Bad management
techniques will be exposed. Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient
ones. At the same time, technological innovation (创新) will barely pause for breath,
and two big political changes seem likely.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 2 页Mr Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions (排放), though
necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject
might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others
and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is
harder to predict how Mr Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system
will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for
America. Some businesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be
captured by workers, not their employers.
In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight
with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what
customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of.
Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the
Year was Harlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a
new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of
scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “in an all-time high of
prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning
a living”.
Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In March its
chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr Obama. The
government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and
overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a
danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other
parts of the economy. And clever as Mr Obama’s advisers are, history suggests they
will be bad at this.
注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that America’s recession is the result of
.
A) a messy real estate market C) unregulated competition
B) a combination of causes D) financiers’ mismanagement
2. At the worst time, the total value of listed shares in American firms shrank
by .
A) 57% C) 12.8%
B) 15% D) 3.5%
3. According to Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, the current
recession .
A) was the worst he had ever seen since World War II
B) reduced his revenues to a quarter of normal years
C) hit his business as hard as the 9/11 terrorist attack
D) spoiled his plans to build more hotels in Las Vegas
4. The Big Three American carmakers need restructuring to survive because
.
A) their production capacity has shrunk to less than half of the previous
year
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 3 页B) their technology has fallen behind their competitors’ elsewhere in the
world
C) they have borrowed too heavily and accumulated too large amounts of
debt
D) they cannot cope with the ruinous costs accumulated over the post-war
years
5. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas
in order to .
A) raise its efficiency C) avoid seeming wasteful
B) cut unnecessary costs D) have fun in San Francisco
6. The author of this report seems to be .
A) against too much government interference in the economy
B) optimistic about Obama’s effort to reduce CO₂ emissions
C) interested in political and economic reforms
D) concerned about the interests of the workforce
7. According to the author, Obama’s plan to limit carbon dioxide emissions
will .
A) not benefit America’s industry C) do good to the environment
B) benefit the whole nation D) by no means be inexpensive
8. Because Harlow Curtice’s firm was leading America in creating “a new
economic order”, he was named by Time magazine as in
1955.
9. In March, General Motors’ chief executive was fired by Mr Obama for
.
10. The author is afraid that the Obama administration will end up
America’s economy.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked
about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only
once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the
four choices marked A),B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark
the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) The woman is the manager’s secretary.
B) The man found himself in a wrong place.
C) The man is the manager’s business associate.
D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.
12. A) He needs more time for the report.
B) He needs help to interpret the data.
C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 4 页D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.
13. A) A friend from New York. C) A postal delivery.
B) A message from Tony. D) A change in the weather.
14. A) She is not available until the end of next week.
B) She is not a reliable source of information.
C) She does not like taking exams.
D) She does not like psychology.
15. A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase.
B) The woman’s watch is twenty minutes fast.
C) The woman shouldn’t make such a big fuss.
D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.
16. A) Mary is not so easygoing as her.
B) Mary and she have a lot in common.
C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary.
D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.
17. A) At an information service. C) At a repair shop.
B) At a car wash point. D) At a dry cleaner’s.
18. A) The woman came to the concert at the man’s request.
B) The man is already fed up with playing the piano.
C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.
D) The man’s unique talents are the envy of many people.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.
B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.
C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.
D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.
20. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.
B) He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.
C) He likes to work in a company close to home.
D) He would rather get a less demanding job.
21. A) Sports. C) Foreign languages.
B) Travel. D) Computer games.
22. A) When he is supposed to start work.
B) What responsibilities he would have.
C) When he will be informed about his application.
D) What career opportunities her company can offer.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) She is pregnant. C) She has just finished her
project.
B) She is over 50. D) She is a good saleswoman.
24. A) He takes good care of Lisa. C) He is good at business
management.
B) He is the CEO of a giant company. D) He works as a sales manager.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 5 页25. A) It is in urgent need of further development.
B) It produces goods popular among local people.
C) It has been losing market share in recent years.
D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,
you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with
a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) It is lined with tall trees. C) It has high buildings on both sides.
B) It was widened recently. D) It used to be dirty and
disorderly.
27. A) They repaved it with rocks. C) They beautified it with plants.
B) They built public restrooms on it. D) They set up cooking facilities near
it.
28. A) What makes life enjoyable. C) What a community means.
B) How to work with tools. D) How to improve health.
29. A) They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.
B) They were encouraged by the city officials’ praise.
C) They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.
D) They derived happiness from the constructive work.
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.
30. A) The majority of them think it less important than computers.
B) Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.
C) The majority of them find it interesting.
D) Few of them read more than ten books a year.
31. A) Novels and stories. C) History and science books.
B) Mysteries and detective stories. D) Books on culture and tradition.
32. A) Watching TV. C) Reading magazines.
B) Listening to music. D) Playing computer games.
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) Advice on the purchase of cars.
B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.
C) Trends for the development of the motor car.
D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.
34. A) Limited driving range. C) The short life of batteries.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 6 页B) Huge recharging expenses. D) The unaffordable high price.
35. A) They need to be further improved.
B) They can easily switch to natural gas.
C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.
D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is
read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the
passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered
from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44
to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can
either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your
own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check
what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
My favorite T.V. show? “The Twilight Zone.” I (36) _______ like the episode
called “The Printer’s Devil.” It’s about a newspaper editor who’s being (37) _______
out of business by a big newspaper syndicate – you know, a group of papers (38)
_______ by the same people.
He’s about to (39) _______ suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who
says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $5,000 to pay off his
newspaper’s (40) _______, but this Smith character also offers his (41) _______ for
free. It turns out that the guy (42) _______ the printing machine with amazing speed,
and soon he’s turning out newspapers with (43) _______ headlines. The small paper is
successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories – only
minutes after they happen – but soon he’s presented with a contract to sign. Mr.
Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44)
_____________________________________, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is
reporting the news even before it happens – and it’s all terrible – one disaster after
another. (45) _____________________________________________ . I really like
these old episodes of “The Twilight Zone” because the stories are fascinating. (46)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____ .
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to
select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for
each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use
any of the words in the bank more than once.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 7 页Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers
are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall (陷阱) —salt.
A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco
(UCSF), Stanford University and Columbia University shows that even a 47
decrease in daily salt intake (摄入) can lead to dramatic health benefits. The
authors 48 an annual drop of as many as 120,000 cases of heart disease,
66,000 49 of stroke and 99,000 heart attacks 50 by high blood pressure
after a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt.
The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who
are more likely to 51 high blood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for
the elderly, since blood vessels stiffen with age, which can lead to higher
blood pressure.
“Everyone in the U.S. is consuming salt far in 52 of what is good for
them,” says lead author Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF. “What we are
suggesting is that a population-wide effort to reduce salt intake, even 53 ,
will have health benefits. ”
The team conducted a computer-based analysis to determine the 54 of
a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death. They
also calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that
would be 55 because of lower blood pressure. The conclusion: by cutting
salt intake nationwide, the U.S. could save $10 billion to $24 billion 56 in
health care costs.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) accidents F) develop K) instances
B) annually G) documented L) modest
C) avoided H) dramatically M) revised
D) caused I ) excess N) slightly
E) considerable J ) impact O) undertake
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped
$200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier
Gardens, a subdivision of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now
they’re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months
they’ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven’t
paid a cent.
ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 8 页houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a
half-dozen subdivisions in California where every home cuts power consumption by
50%, mostly by using low-power appliances and solar panels.
Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of
conventional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar
heat in summer and retaining indoor warmth in winter.
The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don’t just feed
the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess
flows into the utility’s power grid (电网). The residents are billed by “net
metering”: they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the
kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it
uses, the bill is zero.
That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it’s not. Solar homes
produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to
turn up the air conditioner. “It helps us lower usage at peak power times,” says
solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying
expensive power at peak usage time.”
What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25,000 or
more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in
California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the
consumer, it’s a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. Why are the Gatais eager to see their electricity bills now?
A) They want to see how much they have saved.
B) They want to cut down their utility expenses.
C) They want to know if they are able to pay.
D) They want to avoid being overcharged.
58. What is special about the ZEH communities?
A) They have created cutting-edge technologies.
B) They aim to be self-sufficient in power supply.
C) They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.
D) They are built in harmony with the environment.
59. How are the residents in the ZEH communities billed for electricity use?
A) They are only charged for the amount of power they consume on rainy days.
B) They needn’t pay a single cent for their power consumption on sunny days.
C) They only pay for the excess power that flows into the utility’s power grid.
D) They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated power.
60. What does the “net metering” practice mean to the power company?
A) More pressure at peak time. C) Increased electricity output.
B) Less profits in the short term. D) Reduced operational costs.
61. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community ____________.
A) is but a dream for average consumers
B) gives the owner substantial tax benefits
C) is a worthy investment in the long run
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 9 页D) contributes to environmental protection
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what
makes an ideal romantic relationship can be swayed by the society we live in.
So says psychologist Maureen O’Sullivan from the University of San
Francisco. She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-
bond to maximise(使最大化) reproductive success.
Many societies throughout history and around the world today have
cultivated strong pressures to stay married. In those where ties to family and
community are strong, lifelong marriages can be promoted by practices such as
the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seen as a
contract between two families, not just two individuals. In modern western
societies, however, the focus on individuality and independence means that
people are less concerned about conforming to (遵守) the dictates of family
and culture. In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds,
O’Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the
factor that should determine who we stay with and for how long. “That’s
why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming
long-term relationships,” she says.
According to O’Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect
to have, and actually do experience, when in love. Although the negative
emotions associated with romantic love—fear of loss, disappointment and
jealousy—are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary.
“If you ask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a
romantic partner, they rate highly things like loyalty, commitment and
devotion,” says O’Sullivan. “If you ask American college women, they expect
everything under the sun: in addition to being committed, partners have to be
amusing, funny and a friend.”
We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations
about what romantic love should feel like. If you believe that you have found
true romance, and your culture tells you that this is what a long-term
relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or family
pressures to keep couples together, O’Sullivan argues.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62. What does the author say about people’s views of an ideal romantic
relationship?
A) They vary from culture to culture.
B) They ensure the reproductive success.
C) They reflect the evolutionary process.
D) They are influenced by psychologists.
63. We can infer from the passage that strong family and community ties
.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 10 页A) largely rely on marriage contracts
B) can contribute to stable marriages
C) often run counter to romantic love
D) make divorces virtually unacceptable
64. Without social pressures to keep pair-bonds, romantic love .
A) will be a substitute for marriage in human relationships
B) plays a key role in maintaining long-term relationships
C) is likely to replace the dictates of family and society
D) is a way to develop individuality and independence
65. O’Sullivan believes that when people from different cultures fall in love,
.
A) they expect different things from their partner
B) they tend to exaggerate each other’s positive qualities
C) they often fail to see each other’s negative qualities
D) they lay more emphasis on commitment and devotion
66. We can conclude from the passage that .
A) cultural differences often tear apart a family built on romantic love
B) marriages are hard to sustain without social or family pressures
C) romantic love is becoming increasingly important in family relationships
D) romantic love tends to yield where family or social pressures are strong
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are
four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into
the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his
Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book
introduced Malthus’s 67 that population inescapably outgrows subsistence
(生活资料)，and that this difference 6 8 population size and the ability to
adequately meet the 6 9 subsistence needs of all of the members of that
population “naturally” produces a fundamental struggle for 7 0 , in which
some flourish at the 7 1 of others.
Charles Darwin’s most important contribution 7 2 the field of biology,
described in his work, On the Origin of Species, was to 73 Malthus’s
observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for
them to his own 7 4 of the process of “evolution”—the notion that
different forms of life develop 7 5 from a common ancestry (祖先).
Combining these elements, Darwin 7 6 that the factors of “the struggle for
existence” and “the survival of the fittest” are the central mechanisms 7 7
which evolution is based. In this sense, then, Darwin introduced the possibility
78 conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are 7 9 central to
human social existence.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 11 页A number of more contemporary social thinkers were 8 0 by Darwin
and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly
referred to 8 1 social Darwinism, into the twentieth century. Thus, for
example, Herbert Spencer, a 8 2 English social theorist, applied these ideas
of the natural 8 3 of conflict and survival of the fittest to his notion of
social evolution, 8 4 William Graham Sumner, an American sociologist, saw
the 8 5 for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about
fundamental 8 6 in the quality of human social life overall.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
67 A) scheme B) reference C) theory D) illusion
.
68 A) between B) of C) amid D) about
.
69 A) initial B) basic C) low D) original
.
70 A) existence B) attendance C) presence D) appearance
.
71 A) pain B) offense C) danger D) expense
.
72 A) around B) to C) upon D) over
.
73 A) notify B) simplify C) rely D) apply
.
74 A) analysis B) emphasis C) question D) decision
.
75 A) permanently B) occasionally C) gradually D) constantly
.
76 A) promised B) projected C) processed D) proposed
.
77 A) from B) on C) at D) in
.
78 A) which B) where C) that D) how
.
79 A) abruptly B) absolutely C) abnormally D) abstractly
.
80 A) charged B) roused C) promoted D) influenced
.
81 A) like B) for C) as D) by
.
82 A) leading B) directing C) heading D) conducting
.
83 A) path B) route C) process D) channel
.
84 A) while B) when C) unless D) until
.
85 A) rival B) race C) compensation D) competition
.
86 A) opportunities B) advances C) adventures D) oppositions
.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 12 页Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given
in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答, 只需写出译文部分。
87. He knew France well, ____________ _ ______________ (似乎他多次去
过那个国家).
88. Seeing those pictures, the student couldn’t help __________
___________(回忆起那些难忘的日子).
89. Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments___
____ (他们才成功地解决了这个问题).
90. Some people hold the mistaken belief that our domestic products are ____
_________ ____________(总是次于进口商品).
91. Sometimes giving up _____________________ ______(有助你把时间和精力
集中于)the few things that are truly important.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 13 页2013年6月大学英语四级答案及精析
Part I Writing
【写作提示】
1. 审题：此次作文题目是阅读文学作品的重要性，仍然是议论文题材，不过与往
年不同的是，此次作文没有文字提示，而是以图片的形式来展现，这就需要考
生看懂图片，先描述图片，然后阐述自己的观点。
2. 提纲：
第一段：描述图片，指出现象（当今学生喜欢快餐文化，不再热衷于文学作品，
老师不得已劝说学生：read it as a long text-message）
第二段：阐述阅读文学作品的重要性（broaden one’s horizon; enhance one’s
aesthetic taste; benefit one’s mental health）
第三段：总结观点（reading literature is extremely important for people）
3. 语言：力求准确性与多样性，逻辑性与连贯性，过渡自然，行文流畅
【范文精析】
The Importance of Reading Literature
As is portrayed in the picture, a teacher is
第一段描述图片， portray: 描绘
并指出现象：当 giving a literary work to a student, trying to reluctant: 不 情
今学生喜欢快餐 encourage him to read it as if it is a long text- 愿
文化，不再热衷 be keen on: 喜
于文学作品。 message, since the student seems so unhappy and 欢
reluctant. Obviously, the picture reveals the
phenomenon that nowadays, more and more
students are keen on fast food culture rather than
classic literary works.
用 as a matter
of fact 引出作 As a matter of fact, it is of great significance broaden one’s
者的观点：阅读 for us to appreciate literary works. Firstly, reading horizon: 开拓视野
文学作品很重要。 enhance one’s
literature can help broaden our horizon, let us gain
aesthetic taste: 提
用 firstly, more life experience and learn more about history. 高审美能力
secondly, thirdly
The more experience you gain, the more knowledgeable
从三方面阐述阅
读文学作品的重 you are. Secondly, with condensed beauty of arts, the
要性，层次分明
literary works can also enhance our aesthetic taste,
enabling us to have a better understanding of beauty.
Lastly, reading literature is an effective way for
relaxation. The beautiful and moving scenes shown in the
literature are beneficial for one’s mental health. essence: 精
用therefore总结
华
观点，结束全文。 Therefore, we should learn to appreciate the
treasuries our ancestors left and absorb the essence of
them.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 14 页Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1．【答案】B) a combination of causes
【精析】细节题。从题干知道应在第一段找答案。文章第一段探究美国经济衰退
的原因，是该责备金融家、监管机构、消费者还是政客？最后一句: All
are guilty.说明多方均有责任。所以B)项a combination of causes为正
确答案，即各种原因都有。
2．【答案】A) 57%
【精析】细节题。由题干的total value of listed shares定位到第二段中间一句:
The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% … ,
collapsed与题干的shrank都有缩小的意思，因此答案直接给出：57%。
listed shares意为“上市股票”。
3．【答案】C) hit his business as hard as the 9/11 terrorist attack
【精析】推理题。题干中的人名Arne Sorenson为关键词，依此可迅速把答案定
位到第四段最后一句: This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel
industry is “putting the same numbers on the board” , 即今年虽然没有
恐怖袭击，酒店业的收益还是跟911之后一样惨淡。选项C)与原文意
思一致，为正确答案。
4．【答案】D) they cannot cope with the ruinous costs accumulated over the
post-war years
【精析】细节题。由题干中的The Big Three American carmakers定位到原文第
六段，The Big Three American carmakers … accumulated ruinous costs
over the post-war years, …. All three are desperately restructuring. 即美
国三大汽车制造商于战后积累了破坏性的成本，因此需要重组。选项
D)与原文意思一致，为正确答案。accumulate 意为“积累”，
ruinous“破坏性的”，restructure“重组”。
5．【答案】C) avoid seeming wasteful
【精析】推理题。由题干中的 Goldman Sachs 定位到第八段最后: Goldman
Sachs, …, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas … and rebooked it in San
Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.意思是 Goldman Sachs
银行取消了本来安排在拉斯维加斯的会议，重新安排在旧金山，虽然
要花更多的钱，但是（旧金山比拉斯维加斯）听起来没那么奢侈。C)项
“避免看起来的浪费”与原文表达一致。
6．【答案】A) against too much government interference in the economy
【精析】推理题。题干虽然没有明显的定位词，由于第五题的答案在第八段得到，
根据题文同序规律，第六题的答案可以在第九、十段找。第九段最后:
America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as
Barack Obama … resist the temptation to interfere too much，作者认为美
国依然会是商业天堂，只要奥巴马不要过多干预经济。可见作者是反
对政府过多干预经济的，A)项为正确答案。
7．【答案】D) by no means be inexpensive
【精析】细节题。由题干中的carbon dioxide emissions定位到原文倒数第四段首
句: Mr. Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions (排放),
though necessary, will be far from cost-free，be far from意为“远不是”
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 15 页cost-free意为“免费的”，分别与D)项的by no means (绝不是) 和
inexpensive (便宜的) 同义替换，主要表达的是该计划是绝对不省钱的
8．【答案】Man of the Year
【精析】细节题。由题干中的人名Harlow Curtice定位到原文倒数第二段第二句:
In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was Harlow Curtice…. His firm was
leading America towards “a new economic order”, 直接找到答案: Man
of the Year (年度人物)
9．【答案】poor management
【精析】细节题。由题干中的chief executive和fired定位到原文最后一段首句:
Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In
March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr
Obama.可见被炒的原因是poor management（管理混乱）。
10.【答案】micromanaging
【精析】细节题。由题干中的end up定位到原文末段倒数第二句: But there is a
danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but
also other parts of the economy. 这里 Washington 指代 the Obama
administration，micromanage意为“微观管理”。作者担心奥巴马政府
最终会过度干预整个美国经济。
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
【听力答案】
【短对话】
11. B 12.A 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C
【长对话】
19. B 20.A 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A
【篇章听力】
26. D 27.C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. B
33. C 34.A 35. D
Section A
11. 【听力原文】
W: What are you doing in here, sir? Didn’t you see the private sign over there?
M: I’m sorry. I didn’t notice it when I came in. I’m looking for the manager’s office.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
【重点词汇】business associate 生意伙伴
12. 【听力原文】
W: Mike, what’s the problem? You’ve known for a month the report is due today.
M: I know, but I’m afraid I need another few days. The data is harder to interpret than
I expected.
Q: What does the man mean?
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 16 页【重点词汇】 interpret 解读, sufficient 足够的
13. 【听力原文】
W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?
M: Unfortunately, it’s been delayed due to the bad weather.
Q: What is the woman waiting for?
【重点词汇】parcel 包裹，postal delivery 邮政快递
14. 【听力原文】
W: Pam said we won’t have the psychology test until the end of next week.
M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam’s words for anything.
Q: What does the man imply about Pam?
【重点词汇】 psychology 心理学 take one’s words for anything 完全相信某人
的话
15. 【听力原文】
W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick
phone call.
M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another 20 minutes.
Q: What does the man mean?
【重点词汇】 make a fuss 小题大做
16. 【听力原文】
M: Frankly, Mary is not what I’d call “easy-going”.
W: You see, people in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she is my twin sister.
Q: What does the woman imply?
17. 【听力原文】
M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?
W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after 5 o’clock.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
。
【重点词汇】 car wash point 洗车店, dry cleaner’s 干洗店
18. 【听力原文】
W: I really enjoy that piece you just played on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests
for it.
M: You said it. People just can’t get enough of it.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
【重点词汇】 talent 才华 be fed up with 对…厌烦
Long Conversation 1
【听力原文】
W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Cheung and I’ll be interviewing you.
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 17 页How are you today?
M: I’m fine, thank you. And you, Ms. Cheung?
W: Good, thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind
of work?
M: Well, for several years I managed a department for the Brownstone Company
in Detroit Michigan. Now I work part-time because I also go to school at night. I’m
getting a business degree.
W: Oh, how interesting! Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?
M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full time position with more
responsibility.
W: And why would you like to work for our company?
M: Because I know your company’s work. And I like it.
W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?
M: Of course. I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take
classes in Spanish at the local college and I like travelling a lot.
W: Can you give me any references?
M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. McCaul, my boss at the Brown Stone
Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.
W: All right, Mr. Jones. And would you like to ask me any questions?
M: Yes. I wonder when I’ll be informed about my application for the job.
W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you
very much for coming this afternoon.
M: Thank you.
19. What does the man say about his working experience?
。
【重点词汇】 retail 零售
20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?
【重点词汇】 demanding 要求高的
21. What is the man interested in?
【重点词汇】 无
22. What question did the man ask the woman?
【重点词汇】 application 求职申请
Long Conversation 2
【听力原文】
M: Lisa, Lisa, over here, darling, it’s wonderful to see you! Oh, Lisa, you look
marvelous!
W: Oh, Paul, you look tired. Two months away in the capital? Paul, I think you’ve
been working too hard.
M: I’m fine. The city is very hot at this time of the year. It’s good to get back to some
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 18 页fresh air. You know, Lisa, what they say about pregnant women really is true.
W: What’s that, Paul?
M: They say they look beautiful.
W: Well, I had a lot of attention while you’ve been studying hard on your course in
D.C.
M: Oh?
W: Oh, don’t worry. All of them are over 50. Father has told all his business friends
the good news about the baby, and the phone hasn’t stopped ringing.
M: Oh, look, darling, there is a taxi!
W: Paul, tell me about this special project you mentioned on the phone. You sounded
very excited about it.
M: You know, I’ve learned a lot from the project. I’m surprised that we are still in
business.
W: That’s because we have a wonderful sales manager— YOU!
M: Thanks. But that’s not the problem at all. Lisa, our little company, and it is little
compared to the giants in the city. Our little company is in danger. We are out of date.
We need to expand. If we don’t, we’ll be swallowed up by one of the giants.
23. What do we learn about Lisa?
【重点词汇】 pregnant 怀孕的
24. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?
【重点词汇】 giant 巨头
25. What does the man say about his company?
【重点词汇】 market share 市场份额, position 定位, expand业务拓展
Section B
Passage One
【听力原文】
Farmington, Utah, is a more pleasant community since a local girls’4-H club
improved Main Street. Six 4-H girls worked to clean a 72 foot curbside that was
covered with weeds, rocks and trash. Each member volunteered to clean up and to dig
and plot five flats of flowers. They also took turns in watering, weeding and
maintaining the plot. Participation in this project helped the girls develop a new
attitude towards their parents of their own homes; they’ve learned how to work with
tools, and improved their work habits. One mother said that before her daughter was
involved in this project, she would not even pull a weed. The experience on Main
Street stimulated self-improvement, and encouraged members to take pride in their
home grounds and the total community. City officials cooperated with the 4-H
members in planting trees, building cooking facilities, picnic tables, swings and public
restrooms. The 4-H girls planted trees and took care of them during the early stages of
growth. The total park project needed more plantings in the following years. Members
of the 4-H Club agreed to follow the project through to completion, because they
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 19 页received satisfaction from the results of constructive work. The project is a growing
one and has spread from the park to the school and the shopping center. Trees and
flowers have all been planted in the shopping center, making the atmosphere pleasant.
26. What do we learn about Main Street in Farmington?
【重点词汇】 disorderly（杂乱的）, curbside（路边）
27. What did the 4-H Club members do about the curbside?
【重点词汇】 volunteer（v. 自愿），plot（v. 把土地分成小块）
28. What have the 4-H girls learned from the project?
【重点词汇】 tool（工具）
29. Why did the 4-H girls agree to follow the park project through to completion?
【重点词汇】 derive（获得）, follow through（坚持到底）
Passage Two
【听力原文】
According to a survey on reading conducted in 2001 by the U.S. National
Education Association (NEA), young Americans say reading is important, more
important than computers and science. Over 50% of the twelve to eighteen-year-old
interviewed say they enjoy reading a lot. 79% find it stimulating and interesting. And
87% think it is relaxing. About 68% of those surveyed disagree with the opinion that
reading is boring or old-fashioned.
Over half the teenagers interviewed said they read more than ten books a year.
The results also show that middle school students read more books than high-
schoolers. Over 66% of teens like to read fiction, such as novels and stories. Over
26% were interested in non-fiction, such as history books. 64% of students listed
“reading stories about people my own age” as their favorite topic. Mysteries and
detective stories came second on the list at 53%. Just under 50% said they were
interested in reading about their own culture and tradition. Of the teenagers who
participated in the survey, 49% said that libraries are where they get most of their
books. However, many complained that their school libraries do not have enough up-
to-date interesting books and magazines. Even though many teenagers in the US
enjoy reading, they still have other interests. When asked which activity would be the
most difficult to give up for a week, 48% said listening to music. TV would be
difficult to give up for 25% of those surveyed.
30. What does the survey on teenager reading show?
【重点词汇】 stimulating（刺激的）, survey（调查）
31. What books are most popular among teenagers according to the survey?
。
【重点词汇】 fiction（小说）
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 20 页32. What activity do teenagers find the most difficult to give up for a week?
【重点词汇】give up（放弃）
Passage Three
【听力原文】
Thank you for coming, everyone. Today’s presentation will show how we see the
development of the motor car in the short to medium term, and that is why we have
invited all of you here today. Let’s start with power. It’s clear that petrol-driven
engines have no future. Already there are many alternative fuel vehicles on the
market, powered by anything from solar power to natural gas. Some independent
thinkers have even produced cars that run on vegetable oil. But as we all know, of all
these alternative fuel vehicles, the most practical are electric vehicles. Sure, in the past
electric vehicles have their problems, namely, a limited driving range, and very few
recharging points, which limited their use. Now, however, recent developments in
electric vehicle technology mean they can match conventional petrol engines in terms
of performance and safety. Let’s not forget that electric vehicles are cleaner. Plus,
importantly, the power source is rechargeable, so this does not involve using any
valuable resources. Moving on to communications. Very soon, cars will be linked to
GPS satellites, so they’ll do all the driving for you. What controls remain for the users
will be audio-based. So, for example, you’ll just have to say “a bit warmer”, and the
air conditioning will adjust automatically. You’ll also be able to receive email, music
and movies, all via an Internet link. So just tap in the destination you want, sit back,
sleep, watch your movie, whatever.
33. What is the presentation mainly about?
【重点词汇】 presentation（陈述），medium（中等的）
34. What used to restrict the use of electric vehicles?
【
【重点词汇】 restrict（限制）, range（范围，距离）
35. What does the speaker say about electric vehicles of today?
【重点词汇】 match（比得上，相匹敌），petrol（汽油）
Section C
My favorite TV show? “The Twilight Zone.” I (36) especially like the episode
called “The Printer’s Devil”. It’s about a newspaper editor who’s being (37) driven
out of business by a big newspaper syndicate – you know, a group of papers (38)
owned by the same people.
He’s about to (39) commit suicide when he is interrupted by an old man who
says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered 5,000 dollars to pay off his
newspaper’s (40) debts, but this Smith character also offers his (41) services for free.
It turns out that the guy (42) operates the printing machine with amazing speed, and
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 21 页soon he is turning out newspapers with (43) shocking headlines. The small paper is
successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories – only
minutes after they happen – but soon he is presented with a contract to sign. Mr.
Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44) The editor is frightened by this news, but
he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper, so he agrees to sign. But
soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens – and it’s all terrible – one
disaster after another. (45) Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don’t want to
ruin the story for you. I really like these old episodes of “The Twilight Zone”,
because the stories are fascinating. (46) They are not realistic, but then again, in a
way they are, because they deal with human nature.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
【文章概述】
这是一篇关于盐分摄入量的科普类文章。研究表明，减少摄入盐分，可以降
低心脏病、中风的发病率。
【词性分析】
A) accidents 事故；I) excess 超额量，多余量；J) impact 影响；K)
名 词
instances 例子，情况；
C) avoided避免；D) caused 引起；F) develop 发展；G) documented
动 词
记录；M) revised修正，修订；O) undertake 承担，从事
E) considerable 相当大或多的；I) excess过量的，额外的；L) modest
形容词
谦虚的，适度的；M) revised经过修订的
B) annually 每年；H) dramatically 戏剧性地，引人注目地；N)
副 词
slightly轻微地
双重词 I) excess n./adj; M) revised v./adj
性
47．【答案】L) modest
【精析】空格位于不定冠词a 之后，名词decrease之前，应填入形容词与a 一
起修饰名词decrease。原句的意思是“研究表明，即使轻微减少盐分
的摄入量都可以对健康带来很大的好处”，因此选L) modest
48．【答案】G) documented
【精析】空格位于主语the authors后面，应填入一个谓语动词。因前文说的是
研究，此处承接上文，填入G) documented 记录符合文意。
49．【答案】K) instances
【精析】对照前文120,000 cases of heart disease此处应填入一个跟cases类
似的名词，表示中风的病例，选K) instances。
50．【答案】D) caused
【精析】空格位于 by 前，应填入一个动词的过去分词表示被动，填入
caused“引起”后原句意思为：“作者记录了每天减少摄入三克盐后
每年由高血压引起的疾病如心脏疾患，中风和心脏病发作各下降了
120,000；66,000和99,000例”，意思通顺。
51．【答案】F) develop
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 22 页【精析】空格位于 be likely to 后，应加动词原形，从 F) develop 和 O)
undertake中选择。原文意思为“非洲裔美国人比其他种族的人更容
易得高血压”，因此选择F) develop。O) undertake一般指承担、从事
某项工作。
52．【答案】I) excess
【精析】far in excess of远远超过，属固定搭配。此题考到学生不常用的词组，
较难。可先从in这一介词着手，后面要跟名词。因此从A) accidents
事故；I) excess 超额量，多余量；J) impact 影响；K) instances 例子，
情况 这四个名词中选。填入I) 后为“在美国，人们摄入的盐分含量
远远超出了对健康有利的量”，意思通顺。
53．【答案】N) slightly
【精析】原文意思是“我们建议全民减少盐分摄入量，尽管 ，都对健康
有好处。”填入副词N) slightly“轻微地”意思通顺。
54．【答案】J) impact
【精析】空格处位于定冠词the后面，应填入一个名词，且与on形成词组，综
合应填入impact表示对…的影响。原文意思为“研究者们进行了一
个基于计算机的调查，研究每天减少摄入三克食盐对心脏病发病率
和死亡率的影响。”
55．【答案】C) avoided
【精析】此句中that引导一个定语从句修饰disease。空格处应填入一个动词的
过去分词与 be 一起形成被动。空格后是 because of lower blood
pressure，前文讲到高血压引起中风和心脏疾病，因此降低后的血压可
以避免疾病，应填入C) avoided。原文意思为“研究者们也计算低血压
避免了一些疾病的发生，这样可以节省多少费用。”cost savings意为
“节省的费用”。可能会有同学误选E) considerable，以为这样意思为
节省的费用是相当多的，但这句讲研究者们做的工作，他们在计算节
省的费用有多少，而不是得出结论。
56．【答案】B) annually
【精析】此句没有空格也是一个完整的句子，因此应填入副词，可选的有B)和
H)。填入B)annually每年后原文意思为“结论：通过全民减少食盐摄
入量，美国可以每年节省一百亿到二百四十亿美金医疗费用。”给节
省的开支一个时间的限定是必须的，因此选B。
Section B
Passage One
【文章概述】
本文主题为“零能量家庭（ZEH）”社区。文章首段由Gatais夫妇电费账单的变
化引入 ZEH 社区的话题。第二至三段介绍 ZEH 社区的概念，并以 Premier
Gardens社区为例，介绍其省电效果及方法——使用耗电低的电器及在房顶安装
太阳能电池板。第四至五段介绍“净电量计费”方法对居民及电厂的影响。末段
作者指出虽然ZEH社区房价昂贵，但是长远来看，值得投资。
57．【答案】A) They want to see how much they have saved.
【精析】推理题。根据题干关键词人名Gatais以及eager定位到原文第一段第3
句和第4句。第3句提到，Gatasis夫妇现在非常急于查看搬至ZEH
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 23 页社区后的电费单，第4句则解释了理由，过去十个月，他们三居室的
电费总计为75美元，与第一句提及他们以往电费通常超过200美元
形成鲜明对比。因此选项A)他们想查看省了多少电费，符合原文意
思。原文中routinely意为“通常地；例行公事地”；选项中utility
expenses意为“公共事业费（如水电、煤气费）”。overcharge意为
“索价过高”其中over-为前缀，意为“太多”。
58．【答案】B) They aim to be self-sufficient in power supply.
【精析】细节题。根据题干关键词ZEH communities定位到原文第二段第1句,
意思是ZEH社区是前沿科技（的应用），未来某一天，该科技会创造
出可以在能量上自给自足的房子。因此得出选项 B)正确，其中self-
sufficient in power supply意为电力供应自给自足，与原文 produce
as much energy as they consume同意，consume意为“消耗”，其
名词形式为consumer，意为“消费者”。考生需注意排除干扰项A），
尽管cutting-edge与原文leading edge为同义词，意为“前沿的，尖端
的”，但该选项中动词create后的表述与原文不符。原文是创建某种
房屋。
59．【答案】D) They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated
power.
【精析】细节题。由题干关键词residents和billed定位到原文第四段第4句，意
为居民通过净电量计费：他们需要支付的电量等于他们利用电网的
电量减去他们为电网提供的电量。选项D)与该句构成了同义转述，
其中 home-generated power 对应 the kilowatts they feed in to it
(此处they指居民，it指电网)，generate产生，tap off 流出，less减
(介词)， feed into 注入，流入。
60．【答案】D) Reduced operational costs.
【精析】细节题。根据题干中的power company定位到原文第五段，该段首句
指出，对电力公司来说，那（即净电量计费）听起来像是糟糕的交易，
实则不然。末句进一步说明，该方法使得电力公司不必建造昂贵的发
电厂或者在高峰用电时间高价购电。所以答案为 D)，降低其经营成
本。文中plant 指power plant意为发电厂。
61．【答案】C) is a worthy investment in the long run.
【精析】态度题。根据顺序原则及题干中的buying a house（对应原文中的
purchase of a house）定位到原文最后一段。该段末句反应了作者的
态度，即对消费者而言，它（即在ZEH社区购买房子）意味着现在付
钱买硬件，未来节省电费。据此C)正确，即长期来看是一项值得的投
资。其中in the long run意为“长远看来”。
【难句分析】
a. ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create
houses that produce as much energy as they consume.（第二段第1句）
该句为 复合句 ，主架为 ZEH communities are the leading edge of
technologies。该句嵌入两个 that 引导的限制性定语从句，其中 that might
someday create…修饰technologies, that produce…修饰houses。此外该句中
的as…as用于比较句型，译为“和……一样”，在本文中将produce energy
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 24 页和consume energy的数量进行比较。
b. The residents are billed by “net metering”: they pay for the amount of
power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a
home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero. （第四段第4句）
该句为复合句，主架为 The residents are billed… : they pay for the
amount…，其中冒号后面的句子是对前句中net metering的进一步解释。此外
后面一句中 they tap off the grid 为省略 that 的限制性定语从句，修饰
power；介词短语less the kilowatts…在该句中作状语，并且又嵌入一个省略
that的限制性定语从句they feed into it,修饰kilowatts。
Passage Two
【文章概述】
本文是关于爱情、社会规约与婚姻的一篇文章。历史上，很多社会把包办
婚姻看作两个家庭之间的协定，婚姻不只是个人之间的事情；有些社会文化上禁
止离婚，这种文化促进了长久的婚姻。在现代西方社会，人们强调个性和独立，少
了社会的压力，长久的婚姻越来越依靠浪漫的爱情。不同文化的人对爱情的期待
也有所不同，如日本人把忠诚摆在首位，而美国人除了要求忠诚，还期待另一半
有幽默感。
62．【答案】A) They vary from culture to culture.
【精析】从people’s views of an ideal romantic relationship回溯至文章第
一段第一句话，浪漫的爱情有很清晰的进化根基，但我们对构成完
美关系的元素的看法受到社会的影响。sway意为影响。因此选A，
关于什么造就了完美的两性关系，在各个文化中的人们是有不同
观点的。
63．【答案】B) can contribute to stable marriages
【精析】从strong family and community ties定位至第二段第2句。In those
where ties to family and community are strong, lifelong marriages
can be promoted by practices…。promote“促进”与contribute to
同义，lifelong marriages和B选项的stable marriages也一致。因此
选B。
64．【答案】B) plays a key role in maintaining long-term relationships
【精析】从Without social pressures 回溯至文章第二段倒数第二句 In the
absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds, O’Sullivan
suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as
the factor that should determine who we stay with and for how
long. O’Sullivan说，在没有社会压力来维持两性关系时，浪漫的爱
情越来越被看成决定我们跟谁在一起，在一起多久的因素。因此选
B。
65．【答案】A) they expect different things from their partner
【精析】从题干when people from different cultures fall in love定位至第三
段第一句 culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to
have。虽然浪漫爱情中的负面情感如害怕失去、失望、嫉妒等在不同
文化中是一致的，但正面情感可能有所不同。如日本人把忠诚摆在首
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 25 页位，而美国人除了要求忠诚，还期待另一半有幽默感。因此来自不同
文化的人相爱，期待的东西不一样。
66．【答案】C) romantic love is becoming increasingly important in family
relationships
【精析】全文主要比较了家庭和社会的规约跟浪漫的爱情在维持两性关系上
的作用。从第三段后半部分知道，在当代西方社会，人们强调个性和独
立，更少在意家庭和社会的规约了，浪漫的爱情能维持两性关系的长
久。此外文章最后一句也再次强调了 true romance 在 keep couples
together上的作用比来自于社会和家庭的压力更大。因此选C。A选项
不符文意，B，D均过于片面。
【难句分析】
c. In those where ties to family and community are strong, lifelong marriages
can be promoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and
arranged marriages that are seen as a contract between tow families, not just
two individuals. (第二段第2句)
lifelong 终生的, promote促进, prohibition禁止, arranged marriages包办
婚姻。主干是marriages can be promoted by practices。Where引导一个定语从
句，修饰 those 指代的 many societies。such as… and…具体举例说明
practices。“that are seen…”为定语从句修饰“arranged marriages”整句的意
思为“在那些家庭关系和社区联系很紧密的社会中，习俗和惯例促成了长久的
婚姻。例如文化上对离婚的禁止和包办婚姻。其中后者被看作两个家庭间的协
议而不只是两个人之间的事情。”
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
【文章概述】
本文主要介绍的是进化论的创立和演绎。文章第一段介绍的是托马斯·马尔
萨斯的《人口原理》，接着作者在第二段提到达尔文将托马斯·马尔萨斯的理论应
用到自己的研究中，最终提出了物种进化论，最后一段讲到一些社会学家受达尔
文的进化论的启发而创立了社会达尔文主义。
67．【答案】C) theory
【精析】名词辨析题。此句的意思为“该本书介绍了托马斯·马尔萨斯的
______”，显然theory“理论、原理”符合句意。空格后带的是同位语
从句，表示的是这个理论的内容。scheme“阴谋、计划、方案” ；
reference“参考、参照”； illusion“错觉、幻觉”。
68．【答案】A) between
【精析】固定搭配题。根据后面的“and”，考虑到固定搭配“difference
between … and …”。该句的意思为“人口数量与基本满足生活资
料需求的能力的差异……”。
69．【答案】B) basic
【精析】形容词辨析题。该处的意思为“人口数量与满足______生活资料需求
的能力的不协调”，basic“基本的”符合题意。initial “开始的、最初
的”；original“原始的、最初的”；low“低的”。
70．【答案】A) existence
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 26 页【精析】名词辨析题。该处的意思为“人口数量与满足每个人基本生活资料需
求的能力的不协调自然地会导致为了______的斗争”，existence“生
存”符合句意。attendance“出席”；presence“存在、到场”；
appearance“出现、外貌”。
71．【答案】D) expense
【精析】固定搭配题。at the expense of“以…作为代价；以牺牲……为前提”，
此处意为“在这个斗争中一部分人的富裕是以牺牲其他人的生活资
料为前提的”。
72．【答案】B) to
【精析】固定搭配题。contribution to…“对……的贡献”。
73．【答案】D) apply
【精析】动词辨析题。该处所需的动词必须能与句子的介词to搭配，同时根据
上下文可知该处意为“达尔文对生物学最重要的贡献是将托马斯·
马尔萨斯的人口理论应用到自己的研究中”，apply to“适用于、运用
于”符合句意。
74．【答案】A) analysis
【精析】名词辨析题。该处的意思为“他自己对生物进化过程的______”，
analysis“分析、研究”符合句意。
75．【答案】C) gradually
【精析】副词辨析题。该处的意思为“进化是指不同的生物物种由共同的祖先
______发展而来”，gradually“逐渐地”符合句意。permanently“永
久地”；occasionally“偶尔地；时不时地”；constantly“不断地、经常
地”。
76．【答案】D) proposed
【精析】动词辨析题。该处的意思为“综合这些方面达尔文______ 生存斗争和
适者生存是进化论的核心机制”，proposed“提出、提议”符合句意。
promise“允诺、发誓”；project“计划、预计”；process“加工、处
理”。
77．【答案】B) on
【精析】固定搭配题。这里要表达的是进化论建立在适者生存这个核心机制上
be based on 是固定搭配。
78．【答案】C) that
【精析】句子结构题。这里that引导一个同位语从句，进一步说明和解释前面
的possibility。
79．【答案】B) absolutely
【精析】副词辨析题。abruptly“突然地、意外地”；absolutely“绝对地、毫无疑
问地”；abnormally“不正常地”；abstractly“抽象地、理论上地”。结
合句意和上文的possibility选择B)，表示强调。
80．【答案】D) influenced
【精析】动词词义辨析题。charge作为及物动词，“装载、控诉、使充电、索价”；
rouse“叫醒、鼓励”；promote“促进、提升”；influence“影响、势
力”。结合句意，这里指社会思想家被影响，故选D。
81．【答案】C) as
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 27 页【精析】固定搭配题。…（be）referred to as…，意为“……被称为……”。
82．【答案】A) leading
【精析】词义辨析题。leading“重要的、首位的”；heading作名词，“标题、题
名”；作现在分词，“用头顶”；directing现在分词，“导演、指导”；
conducting，“引导、带领、控制”。这里需要一个形容词，意为英国社
会理论学家的领军人物。
83．【答案】C) process
【精析】名词辨析题。path“路线、途径”；route“路、途径”；process“过程、
工序”。这里意为适者生存和冲突自然过程。channel“渠道”。
84．【答案】A) while
【精析】逻辑分析题。这里是对前面情况的补充，意为与…同时，别的学者也在
应用这个理论。
85．【答案】D) competition
【精析】名词辨析题。rival“对手、竞争者”；race“种族、比赛”；
compensation“补偿、修正”；competition“竞争、生存竞争”。这里指
生存竞争，故选D。
86．【答案】B) advances
【精析】名词辨析题。本句的意思为“个体的生存竞争能够在总体上促进人类
生 活 质 量 的 进 步 ” ， 因 此 选 advances“ 增 长 、 前 进 ” 。
opportunities“机会、机遇”；adventures“冒险活动、奇遇”；
oppositions“反对、敌对”。
Part VI Translation
87. as if he had been there many times
【句意】他对法国很了解，似乎他多次去过那个国家。
【精析】本题考查了as if 引导的虚拟语气从句用法。“似乎……”用as if + that
从句来表达；“去过……”用have been to…。从句表示与过去事实相
反，谓语动词用had+过去分词。故用had been to…。用there指代前面提
到过的France，避免重复。
88. recalling/thinking of those memorable/unforgettable days
【句意】看到那些照片，这个学生不由回忆起那些难忘的日子。
【精析】本题考查了can’t help + doing这一固定搭配，表示情不自禁做某事。
“回忆起”可用 recall 或 think of；“难忘的”可用 memorable 或
unforgettable。
89. did they succeed in solving the problem
【句意】只有在经过了数百次实验后，他们才成功地解决了这个问题。
【精析】本题考查了部分倒装的用法。当Only +状语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒
装，即使用一般疑问句的语序。由于前半句用了过去完成时，为了保持
时态一致，空白处部分需借助助动词did。“成功做某事”用succeed in
doing…表达。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 28 页90. always inferior to imported goods
【句意】有些人错误地以为我们国内产品总是次于进口商品。
【精析】 本题考查了“次于”的表达。“次于”可用be inferior to来表示。“进
口商品”可用imported goods 表达。
91. is helpful for you to/ can help you concentrate time and energy on
【句意】有时候，放弃有助于你把时间和精力集中于少数真正重要的事情上。
【精析】本题考查了“有助于……”的句型和“集中精力做某事”的固定搭配。
“有助于……”可用 help…do…或 be helpful for…to do…来表达；
“集中精力做某事”用concentrate…on…表达。
2013年6月四级真题答案速查
1. B) 2. A) 3. C) 4. D) 5. C) 6. A) 7. D)
8. Man of the Year 9. poor management 10. micromanaging
11. B 12. A 13. C 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C
19. B 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A
26. D) 27. C) 28. B) 29. D) 30. C)
31. A) 32. B) 33. C) 34. A) 35. D) 36. especially 37. driven 38. owned
39. commit 40. debts 41. services 42. operates 43. shocking
44. The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing
his newspaper
45. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I don’t want to ruin the story for you.
46. They are not realistic, but then again, in a way they are, because they deal with
human nature.
47. L) 48.G) 49. K) 50.D) 51.F) 52.I) 53.N) 54.J) 55.C) 56.B)
57.A）58.B）59.D）60.D）61.C）62.A）63.B）64.B）65.A）66.C）
67. C) 68. A) 69. B) 70. A) 71. D) 72. B) 73. D) 74. A) 75. C)
76. D)
77. B) 78. C) 79. B) 80. D) 81. C) 82. A) 83. C) 84. A) 85. D)
86. B)
87. as if he had been there many times
88. recalling/thinking of those memorable/unforgettable days
89. did they succeed in solving the problem
90. always inferior to imported goods
91. is helpful for you to/ can help you concentrate time and energy on
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题与精析（第1套） 第 29 页
