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专 题 一
语法知识
语法知语法知识识
第⑥讲 介词
要点归纳思维导图
考向及母题典例
考向1 时间介词
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
高频考点:时间介词三姐妹
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用法速记口诀:in年in月in季节;on天on节on星期;at黎明午夜点钟前。
口诀使用范例
My grandfather's August 15th, and my grandmother's birthday is October.
A.at;in B. on;at C.on;in D.at;for
题目中考查年份、月份、季节、时间点、noon、night、dawn、具体日期、星期前的介词时,用此口诀解
题。
答案解析:根据题干中的August 15th和October可知,具体日期前用on,月份前用in,故选C.
解题坑点
早午晚有修饰用on,无修饰用in.
母题 1
(2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)About 12,000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon ________ April 2.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:4月2日,约1.2万人参加了2023宿迁马拉松比赛。
考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;on后接具体一天;in后接年、月、季节等;to到。April 2指具体的一天,
其前应加介词on。故选B。
考向2 方位介词
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
图说方位介词
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高频考点1:内外穿梭
用法速记口诀:
through 内部穿,across表面过;
见森林、门、窗户选 through;
见河流、马路、田野选across.
口诀使用范例
After running a field and walking a forest, she finally reached a small river.
A.through;across B.across;through C.through;through D.across; across
题目中考查across和through区分时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:根据题干中的afield和a forest可知,穿过田野用across,穿过森林用through,故选B.
解题坑点
1.人穿过田野用across.
2.人穿过河流用across,河流穿过田野/城市用through.
母题 2
(2020·四川乐山·统考中考真题)—Jack, can you swim ____________ the river? —I don't think I can. It's too
wide for me.
A.over B.across C.through
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——杰克,你能游泳穿过这条河么?——我认为不能,对我来说太宽了。
考查介词。over在……上面;across 指在某一空间从一段到另一端或呈十字交叉穿过,该动作在物体表面进
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行;through强调从人群或物体中间穿过,该动作在三维空间进行。根据“the river”可知从河里游过去,从表
面过去,用介词across。故选B。
高频考点2:里里外外
用法速记口诀:
遇见东南西北方,in里to外on接壤。
口诀使用范例
Hubei is far from Heilongjiang.It's the south of China, the south of Henan.
A.in;to B.on;to C.in;on
题目中出现south/north/east/west of...等,考查两地之间的位置关系时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:湖北在中国南方范围之内,用in;和河南接壤,用on,故选C.
解题坑点
注意:在行政范围内要用in,例如:Taiwan is in the southeast of China..
母题 3
(2020·黑龙江·统考中考真题)— Many doctors and nurses went to Hubei in February.
— Hubei is far from Heilongjiang. It’s ________ the south of China, ________ the south of Henan.
A.in;to B.on;to C.in;on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——许多医生和护士在二月去了湖北。 ——湖北离黑龙江很远。它在中国的南部,
在河南的南部。
考查介词。in表示在某一地区内的某方位,属于该范围的;to表示在某一地区外部的方位,不属于该范围
的且不接壤的;on表示两地是相邻接壤的关系。根据常识可知,湖北省在中国境内,故第一个空应用介词
in,B选项可排除;湖北与河南接壤且位于河南南部,故第二个空应用介词on。故选C。
高频考点3: 前前后后
用法速记口诀:
前前后后,里the外不the.
口诀使用范例
Our English teacher is the classroom.She is writing on the blackboard.
A.on B.under C.in front of D.in the front of
题目中需要区分in the front of 和 in front of,at the back of和 behind,要确定是在里面的前面/后面(in
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the front of/at the back of),还是在外面的前面/后面(in front of/behind)时,用此口诀解题。
答案解析:根据题干中的“She is writing on the blackboard.”可知老师在教室里面的前面,结合口诀“里the
外不the”,故选D.
解题坑点
当表示两个人的座位关系时,“A在B的前面。”应为“A is in front of B.”,参照对象是人,
而不是教室。
母题 4
(2022广东江门中考真题)I am behind John and John is ________ me.
A.next to B.on C.in front of D.in the front of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我在约翰后面,约翰在我前面。
考查介词短语辨析。next to邻近;on在……上面;in front of 在……前面,指在某物整体外的前面,二者
相互独立;in the front of在……前部,指在某物内部的前部,其中一方在另一方的内部;根据“I am
behind John”我在约翰后面;可知此处指“约翰在我前面”,二者不是包含关系。故选C。
考向3 方式介词
高频考点: 坐车坐船坐飞机
用法速记口诀:
by后无限定,in/on有限定,坐in站on.
口诀使用范例
-How did you go there?
-We went there plane.
A.to B.by C.in D.on
题目中考查bike/bus/plane/boat/ship/car/taxi/train等交通工具前的介词时,用此大招解题。
答案解析:
根据题干中的“We went there plane.”可知,此处表示“乘坐飞机”,结合口诀“by后无限定,
in/on有限定”,故选B.
解题坑点
交通工具前有限定词,表示“骑在······交通工具上”时,侧重指“骑在······的表面上”,用on,例如 on the
bike/horse/motorbike.
母题 5
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(2021·贵州贵阳·统考中考真题)In order to protect the environment, many people choose to go to work
_________ subway.
A.in B.on C.by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了保护环境,许多人选择乘地铁上班。
考查介词用法。in在……里面;on在……上面;by后接交通工具,表示乘坐……。根据句子结构可知,这
里考查交通方式:“by+交通工具”或“in/on+冠词+交通工具”,介词短语;根据“subway”前面没有冠词
和形容词性物主代词,可知此处为介词短语by subway“坐地铁”。故选C。
考向4 表范围的介词
表范围的介词指可以用来表示事物范围的介词:
in(在·····内)
across(在各处,遍及)
except(除······之外)
besides(除······之外)
except和except for的区别
except表示从整体中去除一部分;except for也表示排除,但被排除的内容与主语不是同一类的,指从整体
中除去某一方面。
except和besides的区别
except表示“除······之外”,是从整体中除去一部分,含有“减”的意思,属于否定形式;besides表示
“除······之外(还有,其余都相同)”,含有“加”的意思,属于肯定形式。
母题 6
(2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题)All the students have gone to the science museum ________ Tom. Because he is
ill.
A.except B.besides C.expect
【答案】A
【详解】句意:除了汤姆,所有的学生都去了科学博物馆。 因为他病了。
考查词义辨析。except除了(不包括);besides除了(包括);expect期待。根据“Because he is ill.”可知,
汤姆病了,所以除了他,都来了,汤姆不包括在内。故选A。
考向5 表原因目的的介词
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for 通常用于表示感情上的或心理上的原因
out of强调行为的动机或出于行为者的内心感受
from常用于“动词+from+名词”结构
with将感情(满足、厌烦等)和现在的状态相结合
at指感情或感觉上的内在原因
because of其后可接名词、代词或动名词等,但不可接从句
over常用于带有感情色彩的动词(如:cry、laugh、argue等)之后,叙述所发生的事情的原因
母题 7
(2022·云南昆明中考真题)—Last Saturday we didn’t climb the mountain ________ the heavy rain.
—What a pity!
A.because B.because of C.in front of D.before
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——上周六由于大雨我们没有爬山。——多么可惜啊。
考查短语辨析。because因为;because of由于;in front of在……前面;before在……之前。heavy rain“大
雨”是名词短语,而because后面要加从句,可以先排除A选项;根据语境可知,“大雨”是没有爬山的
原因,B选项符合题意。故选B。
名校新优子题高分必刷
名校新优子题必刷 1
(2023·重庆·模拟预测)All the guests in the hotel died after the earthquake ________ him, because he was
awake and ran out in time.
A.except B.beside C.with D.besides
名校新优子题必刷 2
(2023·河北唐山·统考一模)We have history class ________ three o’clock every Friday afternoon.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
名校新优子题必刷 3
(2023·河北沧州·校考一模)Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music.
A.on B.by C.over D.under
名校新优子题必刷 4
(2023·山东青岛·统考一模)Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Bridge ________ the sea helps people travel conveniently.
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A.over B.by C.in D.or
名校新优子题必刷 5
(2023·山东东营·校联考一模)A recent study in Australia shows that parents are _______ the top five world’s
hardest jobs.
A.between B.among C.from D.above
名校新优子题必刷 6
(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模)—This problem is far ________ my ability. I’m afraid I can’t work it out.
—Don’t worry. We will help you.
A.beyond B.beside C.behind D.more
名校新优子题必刷 7
(2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.
A.of B.in C.against D.from
名校新优子题必刷 8
(2023·河北沧州·统考一模)—You got full marks in the English test! How do you learn English?
—________ reading English magazines every day.
A.On B.By C.From D.With
名校新优子题必刷 9
(2023·福建·统考一模)—It’s a pity that COVID-19 has stolen our precious three years ________ the end of
2019.
—But we still have hope and free time will be soon.
A.at B.by C.since
名校新优子题必刷 10
(2023·江苏·一模)A big earthquake shook Türkiye _______ 4:17 _______ February 6th, 2023. Many people lost
their lives in this earthquake.
A.at; on B.in; on C.on; at D.at; at
名校新优子题必刷 11
(2023·甘肃定西·统考二模)Never put off ________ tomorrow what you can do today.
A.until B.before C.when D.as
名校新优子题必刷 12
(2023·江苏扬州·校联考一模)I remember Susan left ________ a very cold morning in January.
A.in B.on C.at D.from
名校新优子题必刷 13
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(2023·湖北十堰·统考二模)It’s amazing that Mother’s Day is ________ the same day as my mum’s birthday
this year.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
名校新优子题必刷 14
(2023·上海·一模)My classmate, Tom, hopes to become a policeman ________ ten years’ time.
A.before B.for C.in D.during
名校新优子题必刷 15
(2023·江苏扬州·统考一模)—Honey, can you tell mom what you drew?
—________ the tree is the moon, below the tree is you!
A.Through B.On C.Over D.Above
名校新优子题必刷 16
(2023·江苏淮安·统考一模)—Do you like rainy days?
—Yes, I enjoy lying in bed and listening to the rain beating ________ the windows.
A.through B.toward C.against D.among
名校新优子题必刷 17
(2023·重庆南岸·重庆第二外国语学校校考一模)His grades in the exams put him ________ the top students in
his class.
A.between B.over C.among D.above
名校新优子题必刷 18
(2023·甘肃白银·统考一模)We can see the hotel is ________ in the picture.
A.between the cinema and the bank B.across from the shopping center
C.in front of the school D.next to the post office
名校新优子题必刷 19
(2023·辽宁营口·统考一模)A conversation _____ a wise person is worth ten year’s study of books.
A.for B.like C.with D.to
名校新优子题必刷 20
(2023·四川乐山·统考二模)—Would you like ________ sugar?
—No, thanks. Just a cup of coffee ________ nothing in it.
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A.some;with B.any;without C.to;have
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