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Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．tornado n．(pl.-oes or -os)龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．landslide n．(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡
4．tsunami n．海啸
5．volcanic eruption火山喷发
6．magnitude n．(地)震级；重大
7．evacuate vt.疏散；撤出 vi.撤离
8．helicopter n．直升机
9．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt.(使)破裂
10．brick n．砖；砖块
11．metal n．金属
12．unify vi.& vt.统一；(使)成一体
13．volcano n．(pl.-oes or -os)火山
14．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
15．typhoon n．台风
16．hurricane n．(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
17．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n．哨子(声)；呼啸声
18．kit n．成套工具；成套设备
19．first aid kit急救箱
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．disaster n．灾难；灾害
2．slide vi.& vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
5．damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
7．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
8．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
9．gas n．气体；燃气；汽油
10．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
11．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
12．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
13．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
14．context n．上下文；语境；背景
15．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
16．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
17．pipe n．管子；管道
18．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况
19．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
20．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
21．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
22．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
23．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
24．strike vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡
2．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked
adj.感到震惊的
3．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
4．bury vt.埋葬；安葬→burial n．埋葬；葬礼
5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
6．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
7．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的
8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．痛苦→sufferer n．
患者；受难者
9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生存→survivor n．幸存
者；生还者
10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的
→powerless adj.无力的11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
12．summary n．总结；概括；概要→summaris(z)e vt.& vi.总结；概括
13．effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
14．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长
1．breeze /briːz/ n．微风；和风；轻而易举的事 vt.轻盈而自信地走
2．become jaded with对……感到厌倦
3．endow /In'daʊ/ vt.捐赠；资助
4．array /ə'reI/ n．大量；大群；阵列 vt.布置；排列
5．thread /θred/ n．线；思路；线状物 vt.& vi.穿(针)；穿过
6．beam /biːm/ n．光线；束；梁 vi.& vt.照射；发光；发热
7．weave /wiːv/ vt.& vi.(wove /wəʊv/or weaved，woven /'wəʊvn/or weaved)编织；编纂；编
造
8．web /web/ n．蛛网；网络，错综复杂的事物
9．prey /preI/ n．猎物；受害者 vt.捕食；欺凌；敲诈
10．deliberately /dI'lIbərətli/ adv.故意；蓄意；从容不迫地→deliberate /dI'lIbərət/ adj.故意的；
蓄意的 vi.& vt.深思熟虑
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．as if似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock震惊；吃惊
4．in the open air露天；在户外
5．on hand现有(尤指帮助)
6．sweep away消灭；彻底消除
7．refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
8．as usual像往常一样
9．come to an end告终；结束
10．the number of……的数量
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
(too...to...)
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
2．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导的虚拟语气)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
3．Water，food，and electricity were hard to get.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)没有水和食物，电也停了。
4．Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were
trapped and to bury the dead.(those who...)
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死
者。
5．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines
across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，
Malaysia，and at least four other countries.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
昨日，40年来最为强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰
国、马来西亚和其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。
6．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be
doing...when...正在做……突然……)
当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．tornado n．龙卷风；旋风
2．drought n．旱灾；久旱
3．tsunami n．海啸
4．helicopter n．直升机
5．crack n．裂纹；裂缝 vi.& vt. ( 使 ) 破裂
6．brick n．砖；砖块
7．metal n．金属
8．unify vi.& vt. 统一； ( 使 ) 成一体
9．hurricane n． ( 尤指西大西洋的 ) 飓风
10．whistle vi.吹口哨；发出笛声 vt.吹口哨 n． 哨子 ( 声 ) ；呼啸声
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共18分)
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
2．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭
3．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
4．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
5．disaster n．灾难；灾害
6．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
7．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动8．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
9．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
10．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
11．wave n．海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
12．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题1.5分，共9分)
1．effect n．效果；结果；影响→effective adj.有效的
2．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked
adj.感到震惊的
3．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的
4．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的
→powerless adj.无力的
5．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交
6．revive vt.& vi.复活；(使)苏醒→revival n．振兴；复苏
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．breeze n．微风；和风；轻而易举的事 vt.轻盈而自信地走
2．become jaded with 对……感到厌倦
3．beam n．光线；束；梁 vi.& vt.照射；发光；发热
4．web n．蛛网；网络，错综复杂的事物
5．deliberately adv.故意；蓄意；从容不迫地→deliberate adj.故意的；蓄意的 vi.& vt.深思
熟虑
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共14分)
1．as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2．in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
3．in shock 震惊；吃惊
4．in the open air 露天；在户外
5．refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
6．as usual 像往常一样
7．sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共14分)
1．The wise man has much wisdom and can handle various matters wisely.(wisdom)
2．We measured the length of the area and found it was just three meters long and thus，we
needed to lengthen it.(length)3．He takes a deep breath and breathes in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe)
4．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of survival.Thanks to the
swimming skills，he and his friend succeeded in surviving the terrible flood and they were the
only two survivors.(survive)
5．The deadly disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 deaths up to now.
(dead)
6．When you write a summary of an article，summaris(z)ing the main idea of each part is the
first step.(summary)
7．She has been suffering from the loss of memory since she had that car accident and her
suffering is beyond description.(suffer)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2.5分，共15分)
1．The summer vacation came to an end at last and we would return to school.
2．With the development of China，the number of people studying Chinese in the West is
increasing rapidly.
3．What made us frustrated was that the floods swept away all the houses.
4．It was because of an unexpected rain that we couldn’t go on a picnic in the open air.
5．He wants to see me now，but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he came
tomorrow than today.
6．So many years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．看到凶猛的熊，埃莉吓呆了，害怕得一动不动。(读后续写之心理描写)(too...to...)(2020·
浙江7月，读后续写)
At the sight of the fierce bear，Elli froze with terror，too scared to move an inch.
2．他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞似的，兴奋得睁大了眼睛。(as if引导的虚拟语气)
(2022·浙江6月)
He throws his arms and legs out as if he were flying，his eyes wide with excitement.
3．我的头很难从大南瓜里拔出来。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
My head was difficult to pull out of the huge pumpkin.
4．想参加此次采摘活动的人被要求明天早晨7点到学校门口集合。(those who...)
Those who want to participate in the picking activity are required to gather at the school gate at
7：00 am tomorrow.
5．当我在浏览我们学校的网站时，我注意到了英文报纸Youth。(be doing...when...)
(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
I was surfing our school ’ s website when I noticed the English newspaper Youth.Disasters such as tornadoes，droughts，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，
typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another,1.causing(cause) great
damage to many countries.In summary，the earthquake has the 2.worst(bad) effects.The 1976
Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 3.deaths(die).90 percent of homes lay in ruins
and people suffered a lot.Food，water and electricity were hard to get.Everywhere 4.the
shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks，deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if
the world were at an end.Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the trapped,5.buried(bury)
the dead，and built shelters in the open air.With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，
the city revived 6.itself(it) and began to breathe again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause
tsunamis.The tsunami 7.that/which struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines.Huge waves
swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas by delivering food and supplies
by helicopters.Though these natural disasters can not be avoided，we can take some protective
measures 8.to lower(lower) their damage.When 9.trapped(trap) in an emergency we should keep
calm，tap on a pipe or whistle for help，stay away from power lines and survive on what
you have on hand.Last but not least，always keep first aid kits at home 10.in case.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
shock n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事 vt.(使)震惊(shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking
adj.令人震惊的)
·in shock吃惊，震惊
to one’s shock令某人震惊的是
·be shocked at sth/that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth 因做某事而感到震惊
(1)All of us were shocked at the shocking news that many deaths had been caused by the flood.
(shock)
(2)汤姆在马拉松比赛中赢得了冠军，这对我们大家来说非常震惊。
Tom won the championship in the marathon，which was a great shock to/greatly shocked us all.
(3)听到家乡被飓风摧毁的消息，她吓得脸色苍白。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
She paled with shock at the news that her hometown was destroyed by the hurricane.
trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．陷阱；险境
·be trapped in 被困在……
trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事
·fall into/get out of a trap落入/摆脱圈套
lay/set a trap (for)(为……)布下陷阱/设置圈套(1)People with weak control power are likely to be trapped into buying useless goods by the
webcast.
(2)Trapped(trap) in the ruins for two days，the girl constantly held a positive attitude，firmly
believing that someone would come to her rescue.
(3)这位可怜的幸存者设下了一个简单的陷阱，试图抓住一只兔子来充饥，但却是白费力气。
The poor survivor laid/set a simple trap，attempting to catch a rabbit to satisfy his hunger，but in
vain.
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏(burial n．埋葬；葬礼)
bury sth in把某物埋在……
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
bury one’s face in one’s hands双手掩面
(1)自毕业以来，她一直埋头于文物保护和修复工作，在这一领域做出了巨大贡献。(话题写
作之人物介绍)
Ever since graduation，she has been buried in/buried herself in relic protection and restoration
work，making great contributions in this field.
(2)Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands and burst into tears.(读后续写之动作
描写)
→Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，burying her face in her hands.(现在分词作状语)
→Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，with her face buried in her hands.(with复合结构)
→Hearing the bad news，she burst into tears，her face buried in her hands.(独立主格结构)
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(suffering n．受苦，遭难；苦楚，
苦难 sufferer n．受难者；患者)
·suffer from患……病；受……苦
·suffer作及物动词时，意思同experience(体验；经历)，其后可跟pain，defeat，hardship等
词作宾语；suffer from中的from表示原因，意为“因……而受苦”。
(1)得知我的搭档得了重病，我非常焦虑，所以我冲向了医院。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
Knowing that my partner was suffering from a serious illness，I was burning with anxiety，so I
darted towards the hospital.
(2)我的老师感叹道：“在写作的过程中，你一定经历过失败和艰辛。正是这些痛苦使你的
意志更加坚强。” (2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
My teacher exclaimed，“In the process of writing，you must have suffered defeats and
hardships.It is the sufferings that make you more strong-willed.”
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还)
survive on靠……存活下来
survive sth 幸免于；从……中活下来
A survives B (by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
(1)The survivor owed his survival to a TV program，which taught what to survive on when
trapped in the wild.(survive)
(2)Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband by 5
years.
(3)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
Life isn’t about how to survive the storm；it’s about learning to dance in the rain.
strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck/stricken)击打；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给
(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
·be struck with/by被……所打动/袭击
It strikes sb that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth strikes sb 某人想到……
·on strike罢工
·表示“突然想到”的词汇还有hit，occur to等。
(1)The workers are coming out on strike for higher wages，which is a shock to the government.
(2)我的朋友们都被一只小鸟和它的救命恩人之间的深厚联系深深打动了。
(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)
My friends were all deeply struck by/with the profound bond between a little bird and her saver.
(3)我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一份手工制作的礼物。
A good idea struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the
coming Teachers’ Day.
→It struck/hit/occurred to me that we could give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming
Teachers’ Day.(用it作形式主语改写)
as if引导的虚拟语气 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日
即将来临！
·as if/though引导表语从句时常放在look，seem等系动词之后。
·as if/though可以引导状语从句，表方式，如果从句所描述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生
的，从句谓语用陈述语气；如果从句所描述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语
用虚拟语气：
与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；
与将来事实相反，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(1)Listen，the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there is(be) an emergency.
(2)When a pencil is partly put into water，it looks as if it were(be) broken.
(3)At the bad news，Mary froze with shock，as if rooted(root) to the ground.
(4)我一走进房子，它就发出了高兴的喵喵声，好像是在告诉我它以前住在这里。
The moment I stepped into the house，it let out a mew of delight as if (it were) telling me it
previously lived here.(拟人表达)
用法点拨 当as if/though引导方式状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从
句中含有be动词的某种形式，则可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
be doing...when... I was having breakfast with my three children when water started
filling my home.当时我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还常用于以下
句型：
·be about to do...when...正要做……突然……
·had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
(1)我们刚从着火的房子里逃出来，房子就倒向地面，我们吓得魂不附体。(读后续写之恐惧
心理描写)
We had just escaped from the burning house when it fell to the ground and we were frightened out
of our wits.
(2)手里捧着罐子，我正匆忙上楼梯，突然我的一只脚被楼梯绊住了。我失去了平衡，努力
想稳住自己，但是没用。罐子从我的手指间滑落，摔在了坚硬的泥土地上。我刚要去捡起碎
片，就听到妈妈的声音，“发生了什么事？”(读后续写之片段描写)
With the jar in my hands，I was walking upstairs in a hurry when one of my feet was caught on
one stair.Losing balance，I tried to steady myself，but in vain.The jar slipped through my
fingers，and smashed on the hard-as-rock mud floor.I was about to pick up the pieces when I
heard my mom’s voice，“What’s happening？”
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．deliver
(1)The princess had been delivered of a healthy baby boy，which made the handsome princewild with excitement. B
(2)The son of a grocer ， he’d spent the summers of his childhood delivering food in
Bernardsville，New Jersey.(2021·新课标Ⅰ) A
(3)Good evening，everybody.Professor King will be delivering his lecture in a moment，but let
me introduce him first.(2021·天津3月) C
2．affect
(1)Deeply affected by the film，we couldn’t hold back tears. B
(2)Indeed，the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the
creative process.(2021·全国乙) A
(3)Learning that you are affected with a serious disease and have to return to Ireland，I am
terribly sorry about it.(2020·浙江7月) C
3．power
(1)It was in the year 1843 that he came to power with his wife’s assistance. F
(2)The electric car，powered by the latest battery，can drive 600 miles on a single charge. E
(3)The patient is left with the power to choose what he wants to talk about.(2021·天津3月) A
(4)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology to change lives.
(2020·浙江7月) B
(5)Since lighting is often far removed from the power source...a lot of energy is lost during
transmission.(2020·全国Ⅰ) D
(6)The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology，and the lifeblood of
that technology has long been electricity.(2022·浙江1月) C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)When we visited the old family home，past sweet memories came flooding back.大量涌入
(2)Much of the coast has been ruined by the tourism.糟蹋，破坏
(3)Birds singing in the tree，the bright five-star red flag waved in the breeze.飘动，起伏
(4)Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each
philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.(2023·全国甲)背景
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．He made a great effort to save the girl trapped(trap) in the burning house.
2．This event will supply you with a precious opportunity to work with experts in this field.
3 ． For thousands of years ， people have told fables to teach a lesson or to pass on
wisdom(wise)．(2023·全国甲)
4．Buried(bury) in reading the legend of a master in basketball，he didn’t make it to schoolon time.
5．As I swept(sweep) up the mess，I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over
the months.(2021·天津3月)
6.Compared with those who are engaged in manual labor，teachers experience more mental
sufferings(suffer)．
7．It struck me that I was cheating myself by pretending to know what I didn’t know.
8．The stadium and the gym laid in ruins after the big fire caused by careless smoking.
9．She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed(stay) in America for a long time.
10．To win an honour for his country，he didn’t give up even if he got injured in the race，
setting(set) a good example to others.
在2022年8月发生的重庆山火和2023年1月发生的泸定地震中涌现出了很多青年逆行
者榜样，如 00 后消防员、00 后志愿者等。你校正在组织以“We Should Shoulder the
Responsibility”为主题的英语征文活动，请你投稿，内容包括：
1.青年榜样的突出品质；
2.呼吁年轻人向他们学习。
完成句子
1．我在网上冲浪时，一篇关于00后消防员和00后志愿者的报道吸引了我的眼球。(be
doing...when)
2．在重庆山火和泸定地震中涌现出了许多 00后的榜样，他们表现出了勇敢和责任感。
(emerge；定语从句)
3．在一些人眼中，00后似乎是最叛逆(rebellious)的一代。(as if)
4．然而，当面对自然灾害时，他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟或洪水中的人们，完全把
他们自己的安全抛在了身后。(be trapped in ruins；be faced with；分词作状语)
5．深受他们故事的影响，我呼吁所有年轻人向他们学习，并承担起我们的责任。(be
affected with/by；分词作状语)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文
We Should Shoulder the Responsibility
I was surfing the Internet when a report about post-00s firefighters and post-00s volunteers
attracted my eyes.The report showed that many post-00s role models emerged in the mountain fire
in Chongqing and the Luding earthquake，who showed their bravery and sense of responsibility.
In some people’s view ， it seems as if the post-00s were the most rebellious
generation.However，when faced with natural disasters，they risked their lives to rescue people
trapped in ruins or floods，totally leaving their safety behind.They really live up to the society’s
expectation and deserve our respect and admiration.
Deeply affected by their stories，I call on all the young people to learn from them and
shoulder our responsibility，making our contributions as individuals.
教材语料整合
[情感描写] shock；in shock；calm；affect；effort
亮词 [动作描写] rescue；flood；trap；bury；damage；destroy；aid；sweep away；
wave；suffer；survive；shelter；strike；deliver
1.For several days，the water in the village wells rose and fell，rose and fell.(重复)
2.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside
buildings.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out
of the water.(排比)
3.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(夸张)
4.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.(夸张)
5.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.(比喻)
美句
6.Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.(拟人)
7.Slowly，the city began to breathe again.(拟人)
8.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those
who were trapped and to bury the dead.(动作描写)
9.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of
disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a
brighter future.(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 情感细节描写：恐惧(一)
frightened adj.害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frighten v．使害怕；scare
单词
v．使害怕→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.惊悚的，吓人的；panic v．/n.恐慌，害怕→panicked adj.恐慌的；dreadful adj.可怕的；极坏
的；terrible/horrible/awful adj.可怕的
be in panic/be seized with panic惊慌失措；one’s throat tightens with horror/fear
吓得喉咙发紧；be pale with fright吓得面无人色；be scared out of one’s wits吓
得魂不附体；be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了；frighten the pants off sb把……吓
词块
得屁滚尿流；tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖；be scared to death/half dead
with fright吓得要死；tears of terror/horror/fear恐惧的泪水；one’s heart be stuck
on one’s throat心卡在嗓子眼
1.A flood of fear welled up in her when she walked in the empty street.(无灵主语
句)走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。
2.I was wandering in the wood when a snake came out and scared me to death.我正
在林间散步，突然一条蛇蹿了出来，吓得我半死。
句型 3.I froze with terror，too scared to move an inch.我吓得呆住了，寸步难行。
4.Seeing the bloody scene，she uncontrollably let out a scream of terror and
fainted on the ground.看到这血腥的一幕，她不受控制地发出恐惧的尖叫，昏倒
在地。
5.The explosion really frightened the pants off me.爆炸把我吓坏了。
语料运用 火灾救援
The fire started to spread all over the hotel，and people fleeing out of it in time ①were still
in great panic.Just at that moment，a sharp scream came out of the crowd.A young mother ②who
was dead with fright(定语从句) cried that her baby was still in the hotel room.Hearing that，③a
flood of fear welled up in the crowd(无灵主语句)，and they didn’t know what they could do in
that situation.They tried to comfort the woman ④who had been scared out of her wits，but words
just failed them.They almost lost hope when a young man quickly ran to the pool in front of the
hotel，poured water on his jacket and then rushed into the burning room.Seeing the scene，
everyone ⑤ was numb with fear ， wishing he could successfully bring the baby
out.⑥ Everyone ’ s heart was stuck in their throat until they heard some cry of a baby.
大火开始蔓延到整个酒店，及时逃离的人们仍然非常恐慌。就在这时，人群中传来一声
尖锐的尖叫。一位吓坏了的年轻母亲哭着说她的孩子还在酒店房间里。听到这句话，人群中
涌起一阵恐惧，他们不知道在这种情况下能怎么办。他们试图安慰那个被吓得魂不附体的女
人，却不知道说什么。一个年轻人迅速跑到酒店前的游泳池，把水倒在夹克上，然后冲进着
火的房间时，他们几乎失去了希望。看到这一幕，所有人都吓得麻木了，希望他能成功把孩
子抱出来。每个人的心都卡在嗓子眼里，直到他们听到了婴儿的哭声。高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A★
As a shift in the polar vortex(极地涡旋) swept across much of the US，many people in the
country were hit with a sudden snap of cold.Heavy ice and snow coupled with fallen trees caused
the outages in major cities，with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be
restored.
Polar vortices were noticed long ago.But the first known use of the term “polar vortex”
was in a magazine in 1853.Polar vortices are present year-round，but we don’t hear about them
until they cause problems.They maintain freezing temperatures at the North and South Poles by
moving in tight counterclockwise patterns.Polar vortices grow stronger in winter and weaken in
summer.They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric current called the jet
stream.However，when the jet streams weaken，the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed
southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention!
In Texas，roads froze over，causing six traffic deaths，and many schools were shut
down.People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold.Crops and animals are also
freezing.This could have major consequences，especially if herds of cattle die.If snow blocks
cattle，the animals can’t reach basic necessities like food and fresh water.
On a brighter note，some Texas cities were more prepared than others，for instance，
Amarillo ， which is located in North Texas ， so they are more accustomed to colder
temperatures.Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter
storms.Officials have spread out fire stations to increase coverage of first responders，employed
modified dump trucks for clearing ice，and upgraded civic centers to provide shelter during
storms.Hopefully，other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo!
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。极地涡旋会给人类的生命、财产带来巨大的威胁，但是好在人
类已发现有效措施积极应对。
1．What does the underlined word “outages” refer to in paragraph 1?
A．Traffic jams. B．Power struggles.
C．Power cuts. D．Traffic accidents.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“with companies unable to tell their customers when
power will be restored”可知，outages意为“断电”。故选C。
2．What can we learn about polar vortices?A．They grow stronger in summer.
B．They are affected by jet streams.
C．They were first observed in 1853.
D．They move in a clockwise direction.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“They are kept in place at the poles by...However，
when the jet streams weaken，the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed...！”可知，极涡会
受到急流的影响。故选B。
3．What is the last but one paragraph mainly about?
A．The definition of the polar vortex.
B．The characteristics of the polar vortex.
C．The ways to deal with the polar vortex.
D．The serious impact made by the polar vortex.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“In Texas，roads froze over，causing six traffic deaths，
and many schools were shut down...Crops and animals are also freezing...”可知，倒数第二段主
要讲的是极地涡旋造成的严重影响。故选D。
4．Why is Amarillo striking?
A．Because it is located in the north of Texas.
B．Because it has been upgraded and modernized.
C．Because it has been regarded as an example to other cities.
D．Because it has taken effective measures to resist winter storms.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二、三句“Amarillo is notable because the city was
redesigned to...to provide shelter during storms.”可知，阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已采取有
效措施应对冬季风暴。故选D。
B
What is the 15-minute city？It’s the urban planning concept that everything city residents
need should be a short walk or bike ride away—about 15 minutes from home to work，shopping，
entertainment，restaurants，schools，parks and health care.Supporters argue that 15-minute cities
are healthier for residents and the environment，creating united mini-communities，boosting local
businesses，and encouraging people to get outside walk，and cycle.
Many cities across Europe offer similar ideas，but Paris has become its poster child.Mayor
Anne Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and
fuel emissions.In 2015，Paris was 17th on the list of bike-friendly cities; by 2019，it was 8th.Car
ownership，meanwhile，dropped from 60 percent of households in 2001 to 35 percent in2019.The 15-minute city figured largely in Hidalgo’s successful 2020 re-election campaign.The
idea has also gained support in the U．S.
It clearly won’t work everywhere ：Not every city is as centralized and walkable as
Paris.Some car-dominated cities like Los Angeles and Phoenix would be hard-pressed to provide
everything people need within walking distance.In addition，some urban planners argue that the
15-minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income.Neighborhoods equipped
with all the conveniences required by the 15-minute city also tend to have high housing costs and
wealthier residents.
Despite some resistance，the basic principles behind the 15-minute city are influencing
planning in cities around the world ， including Melbourne ， Barcelona ， Buenos Aires ，
Singapore，and Shanghai.Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says cities where basic needs are
within walking distance create more individual freedom than needing to drive everywhere.“In a
city where services are always close by，” he says，“mobility is a choice：You go where you
want because you want to，not because you have to.My fight is not against the car.My fight is how
we could improve the quality of life.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了15分钟城市的理念以及人们对该理念的不同
观点。
5．Which best describes the 15-minute city?
A．Modern. B．Smart.
C．Entertaining. D．Convenient.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“What is the 15-minute city...to work，shopping，
entertainment，restaurants，schools，parks and health care.”可推知，Convenient“便利”最
能描述出15分钟城市的特点，故选D。
6．What’s the original intention for Paris to advocate the 15-minute city?
A．To address climate issues.
B．To beautify the city.
C．To promote the bike industry.
D．To help Hidalgo get re-elected.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“...but Paris has become its poster child.Mayor Anne
Hidalgo has sought to fight climate change by decreasing choking traffic in the streets and fuel
emissions.”可知，巴黎倡导15分钟城市的初衷是解决气候问题，故选A。
7．What’s some urban planners’ worry about the 15-minute city?
A．It slows the city’s expansion.B．It represents a setback for society.
C．It may widen the gap between neighborhoods.
D．It can cause the specialization of neighborhoods.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In addition，some urban planners argue that the 15-
minute city could increase the separation of neighborhoods by income.”可知，一些城市规划者
对15分钟城市的担心是它可能会加大社区之间的差距，故选C。
8．What’s Jay Pitter’s attitude to the concept of 15-minute city?
A．Doubtful. B．Favorable.
C．Critical. D．Uninterested.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“Urban designer and thinker Jay Pitter says...more
individual freedom than needing to drive everywhere.”可推知，Jay Pitter对15分钟城市的理念
是赞成的，故选B。
C★
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind.From ancient
Greece to the present day ， countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict
earthquakes.Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable evidence of coming quakes.
However，there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard.“We don’t understand
some basic physics of earthquakes，” said Egill，a research professor at the California Institute
of Technology.Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement，but
precisely predicting would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth’s crust.Other
challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs，given that these warning signs are not
yet entirely understood.Actually，real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of
potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient’s signs and
symptoms.As it turns out，quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was recognized science in ancient
Greece.Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and
forecast earthquakes.The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years
ago：he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had
suddenly become muddy.Indeed，an earthquake occurred two days later，making Pherecydes
famous.Nowadays，seismic(地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the
greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently ， Terra Seismic can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of
confidence.Generally，Terra Seismic does not predict a quake if the earthquake’s epicenter is
located beyond a depth of 40km.Fortunately，such quakes are almost always harmless，sincequake’s energy reduces before reaching the Earth’s surface.“Scientists have tried every
possible method to try to predict earthquakes，” Bruneau said.“Nobody has been able to crack
it and make a believable prediction.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地震预测是人类一直追求的技术，并解释了
地震预测困难的原因以及地震预测的历史和方法等。
9．What do we know about earthquake forecasting?
A．Scientists have been passionate about accurately predicting earthquakes.
B．As long as enough data is collected，earthquakes can be avoided.
C．Mathematical models of motion can simulate and predict earthquakes.
D．Scientists have fully studied the structure of earthquakes.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“From ancient Greece to the present day，countless
scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes.”可知，从古希腊到今天，科学家们
一直热衷于准确预测地震。故选A。
10．How did Pherecydes successfully predict that earthquake?
A．By seismic and remote-sensing methods.
B．By observing unusual natural phenomena.
C．By living in seismic zones throughout the year.
D．By looking into data on the early warning signs.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的“he made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that
usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy.Indeed，an earthquake occurred two days
later”可推知，Pherecydes是通过观察到井水变浑浊的自然异象成功预测了那场地震。故选
B。
11．What was Bruneau’s opinion about the current methods of earthquake prediction?
A．He strongly believed the Terra Seismic can solve the difficult problem.
B．He was sure that humans could accurately predict earthquakes in the future.
C．He considered it harmless to humans for an earthquake deeper than 40km.
D．He thought that scientists had no reliable method to predict earthquakes.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict
earthquakes”及“Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction.”可推知，
Bruneau认为科学家目前没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
12．What is the text mainly about?A．Why do humans predict earthquakes.
B．How to protect oneself during an earthquake.
C．What methods can be used to forecast earthquakes.
D．When to achieve accurate earthquake forecasting.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了从古至今人类一直力图寻
找准确预测地震的方法，故本文的主旨是预测地震的方法。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五★
Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable. 1 Here are some ways you can beef up
your home security in hurricane weather，even if you need to move out.
2 That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.Sticking to
hurricane shelters or plywood(胶合板) is the only way to go when it comes to protecting those
points of entry in hurricane conditions.Buy sheets of plywood，measure your windows and use
brackets(支架) to hold the plywood in place.
Sandbags are very useful.While sandbags won’t be able to help in the extreme storm，many
people will be able to prevent flooding and extensive damage to their belongings by placing
sandbags. 3 Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be able
to damage the belongings inside your home，so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways
during a hurricane.
It’s important to prepare the inside of your home for strong winds and rain.But you should
also keep an eye on the outside of your house，too.Trim(修剪) trees，especially dead branches，
to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause damage during a hurricane. 4
You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial
numbers. 5 Also，there are always bad people out right after a storm.If the worst happens and
your home is broken into right after a bad storm，having pictures and detailed notes about what
was in your home prior to the hurricane will make it easier for police to track down stolen items.
A．You should have a camera at home.
B．It can be strong enough to resist the forceful winds.
C．Making sure nothing is loose in your yard is important.
D．You may see people taping windows before a hurricane comes.
E．They will be able to effectively keep storm water out in many cases.
F．It will aid with your insurance company if anything needs to be replaced.
G．These dangerous storms can bring damage to your home and belongings.
1．答案 G
解析 根据前文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpredictable.”和后文“Here are someways you can beef up your home security...”可知，空处承上启下，应描述飓风会对生命财产
造成损害。故选G。
2．答案 D
解析 根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure your safety in the powerful winds.”可知，
That是指前文中提到了人们面对飓风的保护措施，所以选项D“你可能会看到人们在飓风到
来之前用胶带贴窗户”切合文意。故选D。
3．答案 E
解析 根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won’t be
able to damage the belongings inside your home，so sandbags are well worth having at your
doorways during a hurricane.”可知，此处是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面，选项E“在许多情
况下，它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水”与下文衔接。故选E。
4．答案 C
解析 根据前文“Trim(修剪) trees...to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and
cause damage during a hurricane.”可知，此处是指防止庭院里有疏松的东西被吹到屋子里造
成破坏，选项C“确保你的院子里没有任何东西松动是很重要的”能够承接上文。故选C。
5．答案 F
解析 根据前文“You should also take pictures of expensive items like electronics and keep
notes of their serial numbers.”可知，此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它们的序列号有助于
向保险公司申请赔偿，选项F“如果有什么东西需要更换，它会帮助你的保险公司”承接前
文。故选F。
