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考研英语阅读真题手译本
（2000-2010 通用版）考研英语阅读题型总结——技巧篇
一、例证题
1.常见题干标志：example，case，illustrate，demonstrate，toshow，byciting（为了)
2.解题方法：
（1）例子本身不重要，重要的是例子所支持的观点
（2）先定位到例子出现的位置，然后再找观点，观点往往在例子前（假设定位点在第二段第三
行，答案往往在定位点之前找），不过有时也在例子后，也可以在不同的段落
3.干扰选项:
（1）就事论事，谈论例子本身，而不是例子所支持的观点
4.例证题小技巧:
（1）互为相反的选项往往有一个正确答案
（2）文章中若出现情态动词: must，can，could，may，might，should，would，ought to，往往
表达了作者观点或者态度
二、词汇题
1.常见题干标志：“ ”、”(Line.paragraph ) 、mostprobably means
2.解题方法：
（1）逻辑关系——通过定位好的句子，根据逻辑关系找同义词或反义词
①句子1=句子2，找近义词——分号（;）表示前后两句话表达意思相同
②句子1,but句子2，找反义词
③根据感情色彩判断，感情色彩代表作者态度大方向
（2）简单词，考查熟词僻义，排除表面含义，不断提炼内涵
（3）反复强调的是重点
3.干扰选项特征:字面意思理解
三、推理题
1.常见题干标志： infer，learnfrom，imply，suggest，conclude
2.解题方法：
（1）不要过分主观推测，原文可以找到的内容往往即是正确答案
（2）推理题的答案多在转折处
（3）排除绝对化，选择语气缓和的，比如may
（4）注意同义改写——常出细节题、中心思想题、推理题
四、态度题
1.常见题干标志：attitude，deem，consider，tone
2.解题方法：
（1）选项词归纳
①正面态度：positive，optimistic，approval，supportive
②负面态度：negative(消极的), pessimistic(悲观的), disapproval, critical(重要的，批评的)，
doubtful(怀疑的)，suspicious，skeptical,questionable
③中立态度：neural，objective，impartial，disinterested（中立的）
（2）当作者的态度没有明确提出时:
①首尾句串读法，梳理文章的框架，来推测作者态度
②文章中的adj（表示评价）\adv往往是作者的态度
③转折处
④情态动词之后
33.态度题小技巧之小墓碑选项——看到直接排除
（1）漠不关心的：uninterested，indifferent，unconcerned
（2）偏见的：contemptuous，prejudice， biased
（3）困惑的：subjective，puzzled，confused
五、细节题
1.常见题干标志：What/how/why/ because/ in that/as等＋具体信息，即为什么？怎么样？是什么？
2.解题方法：
（1）定位！细节题的关键在于定位，题干的相关信息可能直接在文章中出现（也可能进行某种
程度上的改写），这种情况下，细节题定位到的地方，往往就是题目对应的答案，不过有时也
得需要结合定位地方的上下句。
（2）细节服从主旨！，与中心主旨越接近的选项，往往越有可能是正确的
3.细节题中的因果题
（1）常见因果关系词——because,since,for,as
（2）方法—— 前后相同的逻辑，优先考虑因果关系
当一个现象具有多个成因，考察主要原因时，那么次要原因就是干扰选项
六、中心思想题（主旨题）
1.常见题干标志： mainlyabout，discuss，thebest title/subject，appropriate title，main idea
2.解题方法：
（1）首尾句串读法——将各段首末句串联成一个整体，注意转折处，此方法较普遍使用
（2）中心句法
①开头问句——一般在回答中包含着文章的重点信息，也就是中心思想
②独句段——即一句话单独构成一个段落，独句段通常与全文的主旨密切相关
（3）中心词法
①注意文章反复出现的高频词，以及对该高频词的同义改写
②可以在全文范围找，也可在首尾句中找
③一篇文章的中心词可能不止一个，中心思想题的答案应该包括全部的中心词，而不是仅
包含一个，这样的选项比较片面
3.常见干扰项
（1）某个答案范围过大，或者范围过小——可能只是文章某段的主旨
（2）做题要客观，路见不平一定不要拔刀相助！文章怎样就怎样！
（3）少数派原则，作者往往站在少数人观点的一方，因为作者关注的方面往往是多数人没有关
注到的。
附录1：阅读题解题的大方向技巧与思想
（1）串联题干信息，把握文章主题。明确
（2）注意句子与句子(好与坏），段落之间的联系
（3）少数派——写作目的（众人皆醉我独醒)
（4）写过去与现在，一好一坏。
（5）细节服从主旨。
（6）反复强调的是重点，重点往往是考点
附录2：阅读题做题顺序
先看题目后看文章，题目只看题干(若四个选项都含有的信息就是正确信息，通常判定为文
章主旨），阅读本质是逻辑关系！！
4使用方法
关于阅读手译，下面学长以以一问一答的形式和大家讲解关于如何做考研英语手译的。在
文章之前先和大家说明几点，第一，由于考研试卷反作弊的“花卷”处理机制，即考生前后左
右座位分发的试卷的选项顺序都是不同的，也就是说存在多个版本的真题，它们选项内容一样，
但是顺序被打乱了。如果这份资料的题目选项顺序和别的版本试卷的题目选项顺序不一样，这
是正常现象，不必担心。第二，千万要记得在分析真题的时候，动脑最重要！任何事情都无法
替代思考本身！
一.英语阅读真题需要手译吗？
先直接说回答：需要！原因如下
（1）首先是阅读部分的分值占比很大，无论是英一还是英二，足足都有40分，而阅读水平
的提高也必将带动其他题型的提高，“得阅读者得天下”这句话不是白讲的，所以前中期花大
量精力在阅读上是必须的。
（2）而备考阅读，最重要的不是做（即反复的看文章、做题目），而是分析和总结阅读，
将文章内的单词、长难句、题型设置原则等搞清楚。而手译则正是分析和总结阅读的过程，很
多人关于手译存在这么一种看法：他们认为手译就是单纯的把文章翻译一遍，其实这种观点是
错误的。科学的手译绝对不是简简单单的翻译文章，而是一种分析和总结阅读的过程和工具，
在这个过程中，手译会显著的提高你的英语能力。
（3）笔者在考研的时候，曾经花了三个月时间把近20年的阅读真题都手译了一遍，确实，
过程很痛苦，但是手译完了之后，我可以很明显发现我的英语能力有了显著的提高，在手译最
后的半个月，整个手译过程会变得越来越轻松。
二、分析阅读真题要分析哪些内容？
对于一篇阅读真题来说，可以简单的分为两大部分：正文、题目，我们需要庖丁解牛似的
对这两部分进行拆解
1.对正文的分析和总结——可以提高英语基础能力
（1）单词、短语：找出句子中不认识的单词（以及熟词僻义等）、短语并记录
（2）句子（长难句）：学会去拆分句子、分析句子成分，判断相近句子之间的逻辑关系
（3）文章结构：分析文章整体的行文思路、段落结构，以一个统筹的视角，可以有效提高把
握文章的能力，这部分黄皮书、考研真相每篇真题前都有相关的文章结构解读，大家可以参考。
2.对题目的分析和总结——可以提高技巧解题能力
（1）首先要学会判断题目所属的题型，每种题型的解题套路都是不一样的
（2）学会定位到题干信息（注意题干的同义替换形式）在原文中的位置，找出答案。题目设
置一般都很有规律，比如第二题答案在原文中的位置一定是在第一题答案原文位置之后，而且
一般一段出一个题目，所以阅读真题多为5段5题。
（3）分析错误选项，学会大致分析每一个错误选项的干扰方式
拓展：要不要要唐迟老师的阅读技巧视频？
我认为在打好单词基础的前提下，可以看唐迟老师的阅读技巧课，而基础差的同学应该先解决单词、
长难句这一句，也就上面所讲的对正文的分析，英语阅读复习一般分为三轮，手译的过程是第一轮，推荐
在打好第一轮的基础上，第二轮再看唐老师的技巧课。
四、整个手译的练习流程？
结合我的复习经验以及手译本的排版，制定了如下的手译训练流程，经过去年很多21届考
生的亲身使用，效果很好。（注意：电子版和纸质版排版有局部差别，更适合平板复习）
5步骤1：做题——给自己15分钟的时间，模拟在考试状态下做题的状态
（1）建议先看题干（不要看选项，不然易干扰思维、浪费时间 ）了解文章大致主旨，然后
再看文章，最后做题
（2）过程中一定不要查单词，文章再难，也一定要忍住！！！目的就是习惯这种考试感觉。
步骤2：全文逐句手译
（1）遇到结构简单、句内单词都认识、一眼可以看懂的句子——直接过掉
（2）遇到复杂句子，长难句
①圈出不认识的单词、短语——记录在单词本上，并查词典，做笔记，吃透！！！
②解析句子——学会划分句子主干，基础比较差的，前期可以参考解析书将一个句子细
致按照主谓宾定状补来分割，理解句子成分，打一下基础
③翻译全文——不要追求翻译多么得体，多么精确，翻译到自己可以理解的程度就可以
了，这是阅读题，不是翻译题，翻译题有自己的训练方法
④修订翻译——对翻译的内容进行核对与修订，并进行反思
步骤3：重做题目
（1）在解析过全文之后，重做题目，这时候的准确率会大幅度上升
①判断题目所属的题型
②定位到题干信息（注意题干的同义替换形式）在原文中的位置，如此题可定位到第xxx
段第 xxx句，可同义替换为 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 。
（2）分析总结
①对错误选项的干扰形式进行总结分析，如无中生有、反向干扰、偷换概念，可以参考
黄皮书等参考资料
②将同一题型的题目放在一起，总结考研命题人的出题思路与风格。
62000年（Text1）
本文主旨大意：
单词数量（约）：444 文章用时： 正确率：
I--①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may
becomeadrivingforce.
I--②Whenthe UnitedStates enteredjust sucha glowing periodafter theendofthe SecondWorldWar,ithada
marketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.
I--③Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.
I--④America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose
economiesthewarhaddestroyed.
II--①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.
II--②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.
II--③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial
competitiveness.II--④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of
foreigncompetition.
II--⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was
boughtbySouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJuly.)
II--⑥Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.
II--⑦America'smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.
II--⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, whichAmerica had invented and which
satattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.
III--①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.
III--②Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.
III--③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would
thereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.III--④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline.
III--⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from
overseas.
IV--①Howthingshavechanged!
IV--②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.
IV--③Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the
businesscycle.
IV--④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.
IV--⑤"American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,"
accordingtoRichardCavanagh,executivedeanofHarvard'sKennedySchoolofGovernment.
IV--⑥"It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their
productivity,"saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankinWashington,DC.IV--⑦AndWilliam Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes thatpeople will look back on this period
as"agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates."
11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II
because
_[A__]i_t_h_a_d_m. adepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal
[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore
[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential
competitors
[D]theunparalleledsizeofits workforcehadgivenanimpetusto
itseconomy
my
题目 题型定位： 主旨题（） 细节题（） 例证题（） 态度题（） 推理题（） 句子/词汇理解题（）
此题定位于第 段第 句，此题同义替换为：
分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the
1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican
[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket
[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign
enterprises
[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions
[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket
题目 题型定位： 主旨题（） 细节题（） 例证题（） 态度题（） 推理题（） 句子/词汇理解题（）
此题定位于第 段第 句，此题同义替换为：
分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind
pride.
[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.
[C]The revival of the economy depends on international
cooperation.
[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further
development.
题目 题型定位： 主旨题（） 细节题（） 例证题（） 态度题（） 推理题（） 句子/词汇理解题（）
此题定位于第 段第 句，此题同义替换为：
分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
14.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy
inthe1990scanbeattributedtothe
[A]turningofthebusinesscycle
[B]restructuringofindustry
[C]improvedbusinessmanagement
[D]successineducation
题目 题型定位： 主旨题（） 细节题（） 例证题（） 态度题（） 推理题（） 句子/词汇理解题（）
此题定位于第 段第 句，此题同义替换为：
分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
2000年（Text2）
本文主旨大意：
单词数量（约）：429 文章用时： 正确率：I--①Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.
I--②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of
maturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.
I--③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.
I--④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.
I--⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are
searchingforamate.
I--⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.
I--⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.
I--⑧Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.
I--⑨Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.
I--⑩Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.II--①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.
II--②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.
II--③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.
II--④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.
II--⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.
II--⑥Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have
diminished.
II--⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.
II--⑧Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.
II--⑨The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring —
meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.
III--①Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.III--②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.
III--③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.
III--④But in the past 100,000 years — even the past 100 years — our lives have been transformed but our
bodieshavenot.
III--⑤Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.
III--⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage
looksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension."
III--⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.
III--⑧But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like
us.15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the
firstparagraph?
[A]Alackofmates.
[B]Afiercecompetition.
[C]Alowersurvivalrate.
[D]Adefectivegene
题目 题型定位： 主旨题（） 细节题（） 例证题（） 态度题（） 推理题（） 句子/词汇理解题（）
此题定位于第 段第 句，此题同义替换为：
分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?
[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.
[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.
[C]The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the
tribes.
[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.
题目 题型定位： 主旨题（） 细节题（） 例证题（） 态度题（） 推理题（） 句子/词汇理解题（）
此题定位于第 段第 句，此题同义替换为：
分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving
because
[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance
[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining
[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution
[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing
题目 题型定位： 主旨题（） 细节题（） 例证题（） 态度题（） 推理题（） 句子/词汇理解题（）
此题定位于第 段第 句，此题同义替换为：
分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结18. Which of the following would be the best title for the
passage?
[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution
[B]WaysofContinuingMan'sEvolution
[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature
[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
2000年（Text3）
本文主旨大意：
单词数量（约）：346 文章用时： 正确率：
I--①Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesare
aimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatin
yearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.
I--②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe
—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.
II--①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionally
speedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.II--②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.
II--③Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.
II--④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.
II--⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,or
finiteverbs.
II--⑥Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftype
anddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.
III--①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.
III--②Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweena
TurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthe
lineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredand
eighty-fivekilograms.”IV--①This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetry,canhardlybeclassedasLiterature.
IV--②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinour
emotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.
IV--③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?
19.Thispassageismainly
[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart
[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry
[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement
[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结20.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto
[A]determineitspurposes
[B]ignoreitsflaws
[C]followthenewfashions
[D]accepttheprinciples
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust
[A]increasetheproductionofliterature
[B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress
[C]developnewmodesofexpression
[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis
[A]basedonreasonableprinciples
[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople
[C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature
[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结2000年（Text4）
本文主旨大意：
单词数量（约）：452 文章用时： 正确率：
I--①Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are
theenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.
I--②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.
I--③Tenyears ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but
nowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.
II--①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job
market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal
sacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.
II--②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with
schoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.II--③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their
counterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.
III--①While oftenpraisedbyforeignersforits emphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtends tostresstest
takingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.
III--②"Thosethings thatdonotshow upinthetestscores—personality,ability,courageorhumanity—are
completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education
committee.
III--③"Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild."
III--④LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929assaultsonteachers.
III--⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral
education.
III--⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that
liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the
"Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents."IV--①ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.
IV--②"In Japan," says educatorYoko Muro, "it's never a question ofwhether you enjoy your job and your life,
butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure."
IV--③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in
cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation
households.
IV--④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living
conditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.
IV--⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has
increasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.23.IntheWesterners'eyes,thepostwarJapanwas
[A]underaimlessdevelopment
[B]apositiveexample
[C]arivaltotheWest
[D]onthedecline
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
24.According to the author,what may chiefly be responsible for
themoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?
[A]Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.
[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.
[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.
[D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?
[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthe
socialladder.
[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning
aswellascreativity.
[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.
[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结26.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat
[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife
[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.
[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore
[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
2000年（Text5）
本文主旨大意：
单词数量（约）：445 文章用时： 正确率：
I--①If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one's
destiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf.
I--②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly
regardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.
I--③Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.I--④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that
oftheirparentsandgrandparents.
I--⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped
—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.
II--①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.
II--②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change,
butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.
II--③What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they
could,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.
II--④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmore thanever seeminample supply:
the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who
takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of
life,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.II--⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all
costsbutavoidappearingambitious."
III--①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and
unimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.
III--②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind
oftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.
III--③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,
butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.
III--④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or
madesly.
III--⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the
middle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif
[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices
[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower
[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial
[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
28.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimplies
thatitis
[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords
[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout
[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal
[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结
29.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause
[A]theythinkofitasimmoral
[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth
[C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits
[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that
ambitionshouldbemaintained
[A]secretlyandvigorously
[B]openlyandenthusiastically
[C]easilyandmomentarily
[D]verballyandspiritually
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分析
思路分析：
选项 A B
分析 C D
总结2001年Text1
2001 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of
scientificknowledge.
（2）By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the
information anduse itas the basis forfurther research.
（3）But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the
process ofcommunication.
（4）Anotherwas thegrowingprofessionalisation ofscientific activity.
【第二段】
（1）No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science:
exceptionscan befound toanyrule.
（2）★Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not
fully integrated into thescientificcommunity and, inparticular, may notfully share its values.
（3）The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a
longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation inscience.
82001年Text1
（ 4 ） The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a
mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in
theUnited Kingdom.
【第三段】
（1）A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not
simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what
constitutesan acceptable research paper.
（2）★Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in
their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to
professionals onlyiftheyincorporate, andreflect on,thewidergeological picture.
（3）Amateurs, ontheotherhand,have continued topursuelocal studies intheoldway.
（4）★The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for
amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by
national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the
twentieth century.
92001年Text1
（5）As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed
mainlytowards either professional or amateur readership.
（6）★A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together
nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in
local societies or tocometogether nationally ina different way.
【第四段】
（1）Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in
British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the
twentieth century.
（2）In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for
thischange inthestructure ofscience.
【题目】
21.Thegrowthofspecialisationin the19th century mightbemore clearly seen insciences such
as .
[A]sociology and chemistry [B]physics and psychology
[C]sociology andpsychology [D] physics andchemistry
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
102001年Text1
22.Wecan infer from thepassagethat .
[A]thereis littledistinction between specialisation and professionalisation
[B]amateurs can compete withprofessionals insomeareas of science
[C]professionals tendto welcome amateurs intothescientific community
[D] amateurs havenational academic societies but nolocal ones
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Theauthorwrites of thedevelopmentof geologyto demonstrate .
[A]theprocess ofspecialisation and professionalisation
[B]thehardship ofamateurs inscientificstudy
[C]thechange of policies inscientific publications
[D] thediscriminationof professionals againstamateurs
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Thedirectreason forspecialisation is .
[A]thedevelopment incommunication [B]thegrowth ofprofessionalisation
[C]theexpansion ofscientificknowledge [D]thesplitting upofacademic societies
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
112001年Text2
2001 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the
worldinto theinfo (information) rich andtheinfo poor.
（2）Andthat dividedoes existtoday.
（3）Mywifeand Ilectured about this loomingdanger twenty years ago.
（4）★What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the
digital divide.
（5）There are reasons tobe optimistic.
【第二段】
（1）There are technological reasons tohope thedigital dividewill narrow.
（2）★As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to
universalizeaccess-after all, themorepeople online, themorepotential customers there are.
（3）More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet
access.
122001年Text2
（4）Withinthe next decade ortwo,one totwobillionpeopleonthe planet will benettedtogether.
（5）As aresult, I nowbelieve thedigital dividewill narrow rather thanwiden inthe years ahead.
（6）And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for
combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.
【第三段】
（1）Ofcourse, theuse oftheInternet isn’t theonly waytodefeat poverty.
（2）AndtheInternet is not theonlytoolwe have.
（3）But it has enormous potential.
【第四段】
（1）To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated
anti-colonial prejudices with respect toforeign investment.
（2）Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study
thehistory ofinfrastructure（thebasicstructural foundations ofa society）intheUnited States.
（3）WhentheUnitedStates builtits industrialinfrastructure, it didn’t have thecapital todoso.
132001年Text2
（4）And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports
andsoon-were builtwith foreign investment.
（5）TheEnglish, theGermans, theDutchand theFrench were investing inBritain’sformer colony.
（6）Theyfinanced them.
（7）Immigrant Americans builtthem. Guess whoowns them now?The Americans.
（8） Ibelieve thesame thingwouldbe trueinplaces likeBrazil oranywhere elsefor that matter.
（9）The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which
todayis anelectronic infrastructure, thebetter offyou’re going tobe.
（10）That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run
uncontrolled.
（11）But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom
infrastructures neededtotake full advantage ofthe Internet.
142001年Text2
【题目】
25.Digital divideis something .
[A]gettingworse because oftheInternet [B]therich countries are responsible for
[C]theworld mustguard against [D]considered positivetoday
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
26.Governments attach importance to the Internetbecauseit .
[A]offers economicpotentials [B]can bringforeign funds
[C]can soonwipeout world poverty [D]connects people all overthe world
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Thewriter mentioned thecase oftheUnited States tojustifythe policy of .
[A]providingfinancial support overseas
[B]preventing foreign capital's control
[C]buildingindustrial infrastructure
[D]accepting foreign investment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
152001年Text3
28.Itseems thatnowacountry's economy depends much on .
[A]howwell-developed it is electronically
[B]whether it isprejudiced againstimmigrants
[C]whether it adopts America's industrial pattern
[D]howmuchcontrol it has over foreign corporations
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2001 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Whydosomany Americans distrust what they read intheirnewspapers?
（2）TheAmerican Society ofNewspaperEditors is trying toanswer thispainful question.
（3）Theorganization is deepinto alongself-analysis knownas thejournalism credibility project.
【第二段】
（1）★Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and
spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the
worldthosereaders really want.
162001年Text3
【第三段】
（1）But thesources of distrustgo way deeper.
（2）Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which
theyplugeach day’s events.
（3）★In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a
backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure forotherwise confusingnews.
【第四段】
（1）There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers , which helps
explainwhythe“standard templates”ofthe newsroom seem alien tomanyreaders.
（2）In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the
country, plus onelarge metropolitan area.
（3）Thenresidents inthese communitieswere phonedat random andasked thesame questions.
【第五段】
（1）★Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in
upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and theyre less likely to go to
church,dovolunteer work,orput downroots in acommunity.
172001年Text3
【第六段】
（1）Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to
reflect theconventional values ofthis elite.
（2）The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted ininaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but
inthe daily clash ofworld views betweenreporters andtheirreaders.
【第七段】
（1）Thisis an explosivesituationfor any industry, particularly adeclining one.
（2）Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the
customers.
（3）Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why
customers are annoyed andfleeing in large numbers.
（4）But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former
buyers are complaining about.
（5）★If it did, itwould open up its diversity program, nowfocused narrowly onrace and gender, and
lookfor reporters whodiffer broadly byoutlook,values, education, andclass.
182001年Text3
【题目】
29.Whatisthe passagemainly about?
[A]needs of thereaders all over theworld.
[B]causes ofthe publicdisappointmentabout newspapers.
[C]origins ofthedeclining newspaper industry.
[D] aimsof ajournalism credibility project.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Theresults ofthejournalismcredibility projectturned outtobe .
[A]quitetrustworthy [B]somewhat contradictory
[C]very illuminating [D] rather superficial
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
31.Thebasicproblemofjournalists as pointed outby thewriter liesin their .
[A]working attitude [B]conventional lifestyle
[C]world outlook [D] educational background
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
192001年Text4
32.Despiteits efforts, thenewspaperindustry stillcannotsatisfythe readers owingto its .
[A]failure torealizeitsreal problem
[B]tendency tohireannoying reporters
[C]likeliness todoinaccurate reporting
[D] prejudice inmatters ofraceand gender
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2001 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Theworld isgoing through thebiggest wave of mergers andacquisitions ever witnessed.
（2）The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries
withunsurpassed might.
（3）Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business
concentration turn into anuncontrollableanti-competitive force?"
【第二段】
（1）There's noquestion that thebigare gettingbigger andmore powerful.
202001年Text4
（2）Multinational corporations accounted for less than20% of international trade in 1982. Today the
figure ismore than25%andgrowing rapidly.
（3）International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open
upandwelcome foreign investment.
（4）In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to
almost70% oftheindustrial production of the200largest firms.
（5）★This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of
national businessmen and over theultimatestabilityoftheworld economy.
【第三段】
（1）★ I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that
underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and
investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting
customers' demands.
（2）All these are beneficial, not detrimental, toconsumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth
increases.
212001年Text4
【第四段】
（1）Examplesofbenefits orcosts ofthe current concentration wave are scanty.
（2）★Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same
threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust
was broken up.
（3）The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for
consumers or areductioninthe pace oftechnical progress.
（4）Onthecontrary, the priceofcommunications iscoming downfast.
（5）In cars, too,concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it
does not appear that consumers are beinghurt.
【第五段】
（1）Yet thefact remains thatthe merger movement must bewatched.
（2）Afew weeks ago,AlanGreenspan warned against themegamergers inthebanking industry.
（3）★Whois going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks
that are beingcreated?
222001年Text4
（4）Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict
about infringements tofair competition?
（5）★And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that
affect many othernations, as intheUS.vs.Microsoft case ?
【题目】
33.Whatisthe typicaltrend ofbusinesses today?
[A]totake in moreforeign funds. [B]to invest moreabroad.
[C]to combineand becomebigger [D] totrade with more countries.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Accordingtothe author, oneofthedrivingforces behindM&A waveis .
[A]thegreatercustomer demands
[B]asurplus supplyfor themarket
[C]agrowing productivity
[D] theincreaseof theworld's wealth
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
232001年Text5
35.From paragraph4wecan inferthat .
[A]theincreasing concentration iscertain tohurt consumers
[B]WorldComserves as a good exampleofbothbenefits andcosts
[C]thecosts of theglobalization process are enormous
[D] theStandard Oil trust might have threatened competition
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
36.Toward thenewbusiness wave,thewriter's attitudecan besaid tobe .
[A]optimistic [B]objective
[C]pessimistic [D]biased
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2001 Text5
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a
part of anew international trend.
242001年Text5
（2）★ A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to
abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister,
Icovered myexitbyclaiming “Iwanted tospend moretimewith myfamily”.
【第二段】
（1）★Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the
Americans term “downshifting”has turned mytired excuse intoan absolutereality.
（2）★I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”,
preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is
happytosettlefor abit ofeverything.
【第三段】
（1）★I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the
editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and
making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial
success andsocial status.
252001年Text5
（2）Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once
enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the
limitationsof beingaparent on “quality time”.
【第四段】
（ 1 ） In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a
well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically,
even breda newarea ofwhat might betermed anticonsumerism.
（2）There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify
their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of
Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are
even support groups forthosewho want toachieve themid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.
【第五段】
（1）★While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass
redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in
Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons
forseeking tosimplify ourlives.
262001年Text5
【第六段】
（1 ）★ For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s,
downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life——growing your own
organic vegetables, andrisking turningintoone——as apersonal recognition ofyour limitations.
【题目】
37.Whichof thefollowingis true according toparagraph 1?
[A]Full-timeemployment isa newinternational trend.
[B]The writerwas compelled bycircumstances toleave herjob.
[C] “A lateral move” means steppingout of full-timeemployment.
[D] Thewriter was only tooeager tospend moretimewithher family.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Thewriter's experiment showsthat downshifting .
[A]enables her torealizeher dream
[B]helps her molda newphilosophy oflife
[C]prompts her toabandon her high social status
[D] leads her toaccept thedoctrine of Shemagazine
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
272002年Text1
39.“Juggling one'slife” probablymeans living alifecharacterized by .
[A]non-materialisticlifestyle [B]abit ofeverything
[C]extremestress [D] anti-consumerism
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Accordingtothe passage, downshiftingemerged intheU.S.as aresult of .
[A]thequickpace of modern life
[B]man’sadventurous spirit
[C]man’ssearch for mythical experiences
[D] theeconomic situation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2002 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify
shared experiences and problems.
282002年Text1
（2）★ Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one
ofthem orthat you understand theirsituation and are insympathywith theirpointof view.
（3）Depending onwhom you are addressing, theproblems will bedifferent.
（4）★If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their
secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their
disorganized bosses.
【第二段】
（1）★Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well
becausetheaudience all shared thesameview ofdoctors.
（2）Amanarrives inheavenand isbeing shown aroundbySt.Peter.
（3）Hesees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens,sunny weather,and so on.
（4）Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until,waiting ina line for lunch, the new arrival is
suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and
stompsover toatablebyhimself.
292002年Text1
（5）“Who is that?” the new arrival asked St.Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes
hethinks he’s a doctor.”
【第三段】
（1）★If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the
experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a
passing remarkabout theinedible canteen foodorthechairman’s notoriousbad tastein ties.
（2）★With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider
making disparaging remarks about their canteen ortheir chairman.
（3）You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone
system.
【第四段】
（1）If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice sothat itbecomes morenatural.
（2）Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and
unforced manner.
302002年Text1
（3）★Often it’s the delivery which causes theaudience tosmile, sospeak slowly and remember that
araised eyebrow oran unbelieving lookmayhelptoshowthat you are making a light-hearted remark.
【第五段】
（1）Lookforthe humor. It often comes from theunexpected.
（2）A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a
situation.
（3）Search forexaggeration andunderstatements.
（4）Look at your talk and pickouta few words orsentences whichyou can turnabout and inject with
humor.
【题目】
21.Tomake yourhumor work,you should .
[A]takeadvantage of different kinds ofaudience
[B]make funofthedisorganized people
[C]address different problems todifferent people
[D] showsympathy foryour listeners
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
312002年Text1
22.Thejokeaboutdoctors implies that, intheeyes ofnurses, they are .
[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]very conscious oftheir godlike role
[C]entitled to someprivileges
[D] verybusyeven during lunchhours
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Itcan beinferred from thetext thatpublicservices .
[A]havebenefited manypeople
[B]are thefocus ofpublicattention
[C]are an inappropriatesubject forhumor
[D] haveoften been thelaughing stock
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Toachievethedesired result, humorous stories should bedelivered .
[A]inwell-worded language [B]as awkwardly as possible
[C]in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
322002年Text2
25.Thebesttitleforthetext maybe .
[A]UseHumorEffectively [B]Various Kinds ofHumor
[C]AddHumor toSpeech [D] Different HumorStrategies
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2002 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）★Since the dawn ofhuman ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunningtools tocope with
workthat is dangerous,boring, burdensome, orjustplain nasty.
（2）That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities
onmachines.
（3）★And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun
tocome close.
【第二段】
（1）As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we
barely noticebut whoseuniversal existence has removed muchhumanlabor.
332002年Text2
（2）Ourfactories humtotherhythm of robotassembly arms.
（3）Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for
thetransaction.
（4）Oursubway trains are controlled bytireless robot-drivers.
（5）★And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are
already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter
accuracy—far greater precision thanhighly skilled physicians canachieve withtheir hands alone.
【第三段】
（1）★But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with
less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a
real challenge.
（2）“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a
robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact
witha dynamicworld.”
【第四段】
342002年Text2
（1）Indeedthequest for trueartificial intelligence has producedvery mixed results.
（2）★Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor
circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010,
researchers lately havebegun toextend that forecast bydecades ifnot centuries.
【第五段】
（1）★What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one
hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—
thanpreviously imagined.
（2）They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a
millimeterinacontrolled factory environment.
（3）★But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98
percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road
orthesingle suspicious face ina bigcrowd.
（ 4 ） The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and
neuroscientistsstilldon’t knowquitehow wedoit.
【题目】
352002年Text2
26.Human ingenuity wasinitially demonstrated in .
[A]theuseofmachines toproduce science fiction
[B]thewide useofmachines inmanufacturing industry
[C]theinventionoftools fordifficult anddangerous work
[D] theelite’ s cunningtackling ofdangerous andboring work
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Theword "gizmos" (line1,paragraph 2)mostprobablymeans .
[A]programs [B]experts
[C]devices [D] creatures
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Accordingtothe text, whatis beyondman’s ability nowis todesignarobotthat can .
[A]fulfilldelicate tasks likeperforming brain surgery
[B]interact with humanbeings verbally
[C]have alittle common sense
[D] respondindependently toachanging world
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
362002年Text3
29.Besides reducinghuman labor,robots can also .
[A]makea few decisions forthemselves
[B]deal withsomeerrors with humanintervention
[C]improvefactory environments
[D] cultivatehuman creativity
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Theauthoruses the exampleofamonkey toargue thatrobots are .
[A]expected tocopyhumanbrain ininternal structure
[B]able toperceive abnormalities immediately
[C]far less able thanhuman brain infocusing onrelevant information
[D] best usedin acontrolled environment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2002 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Couldthebad olddays ofeconomic declinebe about toreturn?
372002年Text3
（2）Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a
barrel,upfrom less than $10lastDecember.
（3）★This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices
quadrupled, and1979-1980,when theyalso almost tripled.
（4）Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where
are theheadlines warning ofgloom and doom this time?
【第二段】
（1）Theoil price was givenanother push upthis weekwhen Iraq suspended oilexports.
（2）★Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere,
couldpushtheprice higherstillin theshort term.
【第三段】
（1）Yet there are good reasons toexpect the economic consequences now to be less severe than inthe
1970s.
（2）In most countries thecost ofcrude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than
itdidin the1970s.
382002年Text3
（3）In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the
price ofcrude have amore muted effect onpumpprices than inthe past.
【第四段】
（1）Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in
theoilprice.
（ 2 ） Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,
energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption.
（3）Software, consultancy and mobiletelephones use farless oil than steel or car production.
（4）For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in
1973.
（5）★The OECDestimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for
a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by
only0.25-0.5% ofGDP.
（6）That is less thanone-quarter oftheincomeloss in 1974or1980.
392002年Text3
（ 7 ） ★ On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has
shifted—have become moreenergy-intensive, andso couldbemore seriously squeezed.
【第五段】
（1）One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s,
it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess
demand.
（2）Asizableportionof theworld is onlyjustemerging from economic decline.
（3）The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973
commodityprices jumped by70%,and in1979byalmost30%.
【题目】
31.Themain reason forthelatest rise ofoil priceis .
[A]global inflation [B] reduction insupply
[C]fast growth ineconomy [D] Iraq’ s suspension ofexports
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
402002年Text3
32.Itcan beinferred from thetext thattheretail price ofpetrol will goupdramatically if .
[A]priceof crude rises [B]commodity prices rise
[C]consumption rises [D] oiltaxes rise
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Theestimates inEconomic Outlookshowthatin rich countries .
[A]heavyindustry becomes moreenergy-intensive
[B]incomeloss mainly results from fluctuating crude oilprices
[C]manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed
[D] oilprice changes have nosignificant impact onGDP
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Wecan drawaconclusion fromthe text that .
[A]oil-priceshocks are less shockingnow
[B]inflation seems irrelevant tooil-price shocks
[C]energy conservation can keep downtheoil prices
[D] theprice riseofcrude leads totheshrinking ofheavy industry
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
412002年Text4
35.From thetext wecan seethatthewriter seems .
[A]optimistic
[B]sensitive
[C]gloomy
[D] scared
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2002 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）★The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for
howmedicineseeks torelieve dyingpatients ofpainand suffering.
【第二段】
（1）★Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right tophysician-assisted suicide, the Court in
effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that
an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is
permissibleiftheactor intends onlythe good effect.
422002年Text4
【第三段】
（1）★Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to
control terminally illpatients’pain, even though increasing dosages willeventually killthepatient.
【第四段】
（1）★Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield
doctors who“until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient
medication tocontrol theirpain if that might hasten death”.
【第五段】
（1）★George Annas, chair of thehealth law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long
as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even
ifthepatient uses the drugto hasten death.
（2）“It’slikesurgery,” hesays.
（3）“We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients,
although theyrisked their death.
（4）If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their
suicide.”
432002年Text4
【第六段】
（1）★On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide
debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the
physical agony of dying.
【第七段】
（1）Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy
of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of
Life.
（2）It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical
procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of
end-of-lifecare.
【第八段】
（1）The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of
aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and
todevelop new standards for assessing and treating painat the endoflife.
442002年Text4
【第九段】
（1）Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives
translateinto better care.
（2）“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and
predictably suffering”,totheextentthat it constitutes“systematicpatient abuse”.
（3）He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively
ones that are incompetently managed and shouldresult inlicense suspension”.
【题目】
36.From thefirst three paragraphs,welearn that .
[A]doctors used toincrease drugdosages tocontrol their patients’ pain
[B]it isstillillegal for doctors tohelpthedying endtheir lives
[C]theSupreme Courtstrongly opposes physician-assisted suicide
[D] patients havenoconstitutional right tocommitsuicide
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
452002年Text4
37.Whichof thefollowingstatements istrue accordingto thetext?
[A]Doctors will beheldguilty iftheyrisk theirpatients’ death.
[B]Modern medicinehas assistedterminally illpatients inpainless recovery.
[C]TheCourtruled that high-dosagepain-relieving medication can beprescribed.
[D]Adoctor’ smedication is nolonger justifiedbyhis intentions.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Accordingtothe NAS’s report, oneofthe problems inend-of-lifecare is .
[A]prolonged medical procedures
[B]inadequate treatment ofpain
[C]systematicdrugabuse
[D] insufficient hospital care
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Whichof thefollowingbest defines theword “aggressive” (line3,paragraph7)?
[A]Bold. [B]Harmful.
[C]Careless [D] Desperate.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
462003年Text1
40.George Annaswouldprobablyagree thatdoctors should bepunished ifthey .
[A]manage theirpatients incompetently
[B]give patients more medicinethan needed
[C]reduce drugdosages fortheirpatients
[D] prolong theneedless suffering ofthepatients
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2003 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）WildBill Donovanwouldhave lovedthe Internet.
（2）★The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and
laterlaid the roots fortheCIA was fascinated with information.
（3）★Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage
—spying as a “profession.”
（4）★These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and
sending mail, isreshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.
472003年Text1
【第二段】
（1）Thelatest revolution isn’t simplya matterofgentlemen reading othergentlemen’s e-mail.
（2）That kind ofelectronicspying has been going onfor decades.
（3）In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of
point-and-click spying.
（4）The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly
influential.
（5）In 1995theCIA held acontest tosee whocouldcompilethemost dataabout Burundi.
（6）★The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，
whoseclear advantage was its mastery of theelectronicworld.
【第三段】
（1）★Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private
intelligence-analysis firm based inAustin, Texas.
（2）★Straitford makes money by selling the results ofspying (covering nations from Chile toRussia)
tocorporations likeenergy-services firm McDermott International.
482003年Text1
（3）Manyofits predictions are available onlineat www.straitford.com.
【第四段】
（1）Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually
reinforcing tool forbothinformation collection and distribution, aspymaster’s dream.
（2）Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and
predicting a crisis inUkraine.
（3）“As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says
Friedman,aformer political science professor.
（4）“Andwe’ll hear backfrom someof them.”
（5）Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good
information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns itskeep.
【第五段】
（1）Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have
military-intelligence backgrounds.
492003年Text1
（2）Hesees thefirm’s outsiderstatus as thekeytoits success.
（3）★Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies
avoiddramatic declarations onthechance theymight be wrong.
（4）Straitford, says Friedman,takes pride inits independent voice.
【题目】
21.Theemergence oftheNet has .
[A]received support from fans likeDonovan [B]remolded theintelligence services
[C]restored manycommon pastimes [D]revived spying as aprofession
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Donovan’sstory is mentioned inthetext to .
[A]introducethetopicof onlinespying [B]showhowhe fought forthe US
[C]give an episodeoftheinformation war [D] honorhis uniqueservices totheCIA
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
502003年Text1
23.Thephrase “makingthebiggestsplash” (line1,paragraph3) mostprobablymeans .
[A]causing thebiggest trouble
[B]exerting thegreatest effort
[C]achieving thegreatest success
[D] enjoying thewidest popularity
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Itcan belearned fromParagraph 4that .
[A]Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true
[B]Straitford guarantees thetruthfulness of itsinformation
[C]Straitford’s businessis characterized byunpredictability
[D] Straitford is abletoprovidefairly reliable information
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Straitfordis most proudofits .
[A]official status [B]nonconformist image
[C]efficient staff [D]military background
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
512003年Text2
2003 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a
misguided cause is that good people donothing.”
（2）One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have
rightsruling out theiruse inresearch.
（3）★Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are
confusing thepublicand thereby threatening advances inhealth knowledgeand care.
（4）Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public
funding, andfew people understand theprocess of health care research.
（5） Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone
woulddeliberately harm an animal.
【第二段】
522003年Text2
（1）★For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was
distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in
animals—nomeat, nofur, nomedicines.
（2）Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal
research.
（3）Whenassuredthat they do,she replied, “ThenI wouldhaveto say yes.”
（4）Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some
wayof usingcomputers.”
（5）Suchwell-meaning peoplejust don’t understand.
【第三段】
（1）Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable
way—inhumanterms, not inthelanguage ofmolecular biology.
（2）We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip
replacement, a father’s bypass operation,ababy’s vaccinations, andeven apet’s shots.
532003年Text2
（3）★To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as
well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best andcruel at worst.
【第四段】
（1）Muchcan bedone.
（2）Scientistscould “adopt”middleschool classes and present theirownresearch.
（3）They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go
unchallengedand acquire adeceptive appearance oftruth.
（4）Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane
care.
（5）★Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should
actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made
courageous statements about thevalueof animal research, but all whoreceivemedical treatment.
（6）If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish
theprecious embers ofmedical progress.
542003年Text2
【题目】
26.Theauthorbegins hisarticle with EdmundBurke’ s wordsto .
[A] call onscientiststotakesome actions
[B] criticizethemisguided cause ofanimal rights
[C] warn ofthedoom of biomedical research
[D] showthetriumph ofthe animal rightsmovement
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Misled peopletend to thinkthatusing ananimal inresearch is .
[A]cruel but natural [B]inhuman and unacceptable
[C]inevitablebut vicious [D]pointlessand wasteful
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Theexampleofthe grandmotherly woman is usedto showthe public’ s .
[A]discontent withanimal research [B] ignorance about medical science
[C]indifference toepidemics [D]anxietyabout animal rights
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
552003年Text3
29.Theauthorbelieves that, infaceof thechallengefromanimal rights advocates, scientists
should .
[A] communicate morewith thepublic
[B] employ hi-tech means in research
[C] feel noshamefor theircause
[D] strivetodevelop newcures
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.From thetext welearn thatStephenCooper is .
[A]awell-known humanist [B] amedical practitioner
[C]an enthusiast inanimal rights [D] asupporter ofanimal research
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2003 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems,
causing heightened concerns about monopoly.
562003年Text3
（2）As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles
movedbyrails.
（3）Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90
percent ofall the freight movedbymajorrail carriers
【第二段】
（1）Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost
reductionsand bettercoordinated service.
（2）Anythreat ofmonopoly, they argue, is removed byfierce competition from trucks.
（3）But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as
coal,chemicals, andgrain, trucking is toocostlyand therailroads therefore have them bythethroat.
【第三段】
（1）The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one
rail company.
（2）Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when
another railroad is competing forthebusiness.
572003年Text3
（3）★Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal
government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time
consuming, andwill workonlyintruly extremecases.
【第四段】
（1）★Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long
runit reduces everyone's cost.
（2）★If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the
option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining
customers toshoulderthe cost ofkeeping uptheline.
（3）It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the
positionofdetermining whichcompanies will flourish and whichwill fail.
（4）“Do we really want railroads tobe the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”
asks Martin Bercovici, aWashington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.
【第五段】
（1）Manycaptive shippers alsoworry theywill soon behit with aroundofhuge rate increases.
582003年Text3
（2）★The railroad industryas a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to
cover thecost ofthecapital itmust invest tokeepupwith its surging traffic.
（3）Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them
on.
（4）Considerthe$10.2billionbidbyNorfolk Southern andCSXtoacquire Conrail this year.
（5）Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the
carryingcosts ofthetransaction.
（6）Who's going topayforthe rest ofthe bill?
（7）Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSXincrease their grip on the
market.
【题目】
31.Accordingtothose whosupport mergers, railwaymonopolyis unlikely because .
[A]cost reduction is based oncompetition. [B]services call for cross-trade coordination.
[C]outsidecompetitors will continuetoexist. [D] shippers willhave therailway bythethroat.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
592003年Text3
32.Whatismanycaptive shippers’ attitudetowards theconsolidationinthe rail industry?
[A]Indifferent. [B]Supportive.
[C]Indignant. [D]Apprehensive.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Itcan beinferred from Paragraph 3that .
[A]shippers willbe chargedless without arival railroad
[B]there willsoon be onlyonerailroad company nationwide
[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely toappeal for raterelief
[D]agovernment boardensures fair playinrailway business
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Theword “arbiters” (line6,paragraph 4)most probably refers tothose .
[A]whoworkas coordinators [B]whofunction as judges
[C]whosupervise transactions [D]whodetermine theprice
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
602003年Text4
35.Accordingtothe text, thecost increase intherail industry ismainlycaused by .
[A]thecontinuingacquisition [B]thegrowing traffic
[C]thecheering Wall Street [D]theshrinking market
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2003 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）★It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.
Smallwonder.
（2）Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled overthe pastcentury.
（3）★Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute
surgical procedure.
（4）Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered
medicine50years ago.
612003年Text4
（5）But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality
nowthreatens thisgreatness ofours.
【第二段】
（1）Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal
conditions.
（2）★We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to
besolved.
（3）★Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can
possiblybedone for us,even ifit’s useless.
（4）Themost obviousexampleis late-stage cancer care.
（5）★Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the
patient—toooften offer aggressive treatment far beyond what isscientifically justified.
【第三段】
（1）In 1950,theUS spent $12.7billiononhealth care.In 2002,thecostwill be$1,540billion.
622003年Text4
（2）Anyonecan see thistrend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willingtotryto reverseit.
（3）Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for
medical care thatsustains lifebeyond acertain age—say83or so.
（4）Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm
“have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their
potential.
【第四段】
（1）Iwouldnot go that far.
（2）Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly
productive.
（3）At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstonejokingly claims to be53.
（4）Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.
EverettKoop chairs anInternet start-up inhis 80s.
（5）★These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health
problems that comenaturally with age.
632003年Text4
（6）As amere 68-year-old, Iwishtoageas productively as they have.
【第五段】
（1）Yet there are limits towhat asociety canspend inthispursuit.
（2）As aphysician, Iknowthemost costly anddramatic measures maybeineffective andpainful.
（3）★I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care,
have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have.
（4）As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on
humblertherapies that couldimprovepeople’s lives.
【题目】
36.Whatisimpliedin thefirstsentence?
[A]Americans are better prepared for death thanotherpeople.
[B]Americans enjoya higherlife qualitythanever before.
[C]Americans are over-confident oftheirmedical technology.
[D] Americans takeavain prideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
642003年Text4
37.Theauthoruses the exampleofcancer patients to showthat .
[A]medical resources are often wasted
[B]doctors are helpless against fatal diseases
[C]sometreatments are tooaggressive
[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Theauthor'sattitudetoward Richard Lamm’s remark is oneof .
[A]strong disapproval
[B]reserved consent
[C]slight contempt
[D] enthusiasticsupport
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Incontrast tothe U.S.,JapanandSweden are fundingtheir medical care .
[A]moreflexibly. [B]more extravagantly.
[C]more cautiously. [D]more reasonably.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
652004年Text1
40.Thetextintends toexpress theidea that .
[A]medicinewill further prolong people’slives.
[B]lifebeyond acertain limitis notworth living.
[C]death shouldbe accepted as afact oflife.
[D] excessivedemands increase thecost ofhealth care.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2004 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job
database ontheInternet.
（2）Hesearched it with nosuccess butwas attracted bythesite’s “personal search agent”.
（3）★It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary,
thenE-mails them when amatching positionis postedinthedatabase.
（4）Redmonchosethekeywords legal, intellectual property andWashington, D.C.
662004年Text1
（5）Three weeks later, he got his first notification of anopening.
（6）“I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as
in-housecounsel fora company.
【第二段】
（1）With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he
time-consuming andinefficient.
（2）Search agents reduce theneed forrepeated visitstothedatabases.
（3）But although a search agent worked for Redmon,career experts see drawbacks.
（4）Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you:“Every time you answer a question
you eliminateapossibility,” says one expert.
【第三段】
（1）For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to
do—thenbroadenit.
（2）“None ofthese programs dothat,” says another expert.
（3）“There’s nocareer counseling implicitin all ofthis.”
672004年Text1
（4）★Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a
particular database; when you get E-mail, consider ita remindertocheck the database again.
（5）“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest
me,”says theauthorof ajob-searching guide.
【第四段】
（1）Somesites designtheir agents totempt jobhunters to return.
（2）★When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for
example,it includes onlythree potential jobs—thoseit considers thebest matches.
（3）There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find
them—andtheydo.
（4）“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets,
vicepresident ofmarketing forCareerSite.
【第五段】
（1）Eventhosewho aren’t huntingfor jobsmay find search agents worthwhile.
682004年Text1
（2）★Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather
information oncompensation toarm themselves when negotiatingfor araise.
（3）Although happily employed, Redmonmaintains hisagent at CareerBuilder.
（4）“You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means
havinganother set ofeyes looking outfor you.
【题目】
21.HowdidRedmon findhis job?
[A]Bysearchingopenings ina jobdatabase. [B]By postinga matching positioninadatabase.
[C]By usingaspecial service ofadatabase. [D] ByE-mailing his resume toa database.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Whichof thefollowingcan beadisadvantageof search agents?
[A]Lackof counseling. [B]Limited numberofvisits.
[C]Lower efficiency. [D] Fewersuccessful matches.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
692004年Text1
23.Theexpression “tipservice” (Line3,Paragraph 3) most probablymeans .
[A]advisory [B]compensation
[C]interaction [D] reminder
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Whydoes CareerSite’s agent offereach job hunter only three joboptions?
[A]Tofocus onbetter jobmatches.
[B]To attract more returning visits.
[C]To reserve space for moremessages.
[D] Toincrease the rateofsuccess.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whichof thefollowingis true according tothetext?
[A]Personal search agents are indispensabletojob-hunters.
[B]Somesites keepE-mailing jobseekers totrace their demands.
[C]Personal search agents are also helpful tothose already employed.
[D] Someagents stopsendinginformation topeopleonce theyare employed.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
702004年Text2
2004 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made
illegal.
（2）But one insidiousform continues tothrive: alphabetism.
（3）★This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those
whosesurnames begin withaletter inthelower half ofthealphabet.
【第二段】
（1）It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars
whencustomers thumbthroughtheir phonedirectories.
（2）Less well knownis theadvantage that Adam Abbott has inlifeover ZoëZysman.
（3）Englishnames are fairly evenly spread between thehalves ofthealphabet.
（4）Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A
andK.
712004年Text2
【第三段】
（1）★Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C
respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first
halfof thealphabet againstjust 16inthesecond half.
（2）Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are
alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien andKoizumi).
（3）The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the
topof thealphabet, evenif oneofthem really uses Japanese characters.
（4）As are theworld's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellisonand Albrecht).
【第四段】
（1）Canthismerely becoincidence?
（2）★One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is
that therot sets in early.
722004年Text2
（3）At the start of the first year ininfant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to
makeit easier toremember theirnames.
（4）So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving
questionsposed bythoseinsensitiveteachers.
（5）At thetimethealphabetically disadvantaged maythinkthey havehad aluckyescape.
（6）Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as
less confidencein speaking publicly.
【第五段】
（1）Thehumiliationcontinues.
（2）At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they
reachtheZysmans mostpeopleare literally havingaZZZ.
（3）★Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees:
all tendtobedrawn upalphabetically, andtheirrecipients loseinterest as theyplough throughthem.
【题目】
732004年Text2
26.Whatdoesthe authorintendtoillustrate withAAAA cars andZodiac cars?
[A]Akindofoverlooked inequality. [B]Atype of conspicuous bias.
[C]Atype of personal prejudice. [D] Akindofbrand discrimination.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Whatcan weinfer fromthefirstthree paragraphs?
[A]In bothEast andWest, names are essential tosuccess.
[B]The alphabet is toblameforthe failure ofZoe Zysman.
[C]Customers often pay alot ofattention tocompanies’ names.
[D] Someform ofdiscrimination istoo subtletorecognize.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.The4thparagraph suggests that .
[A]questionsare often put tothemoreintelligent students
[B]alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
[C]teachers shouldpay attention toalloftheir students
[D] studentsshouldbeseated according totheireyesight
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
742004年Text3
29.Whatdoesthe authormean by “mostpeopleare literally havingaZZZ” (Lines 2,
Paragraph 5)?
[A]Theyare getting impatient.
[B]They are noisilydozingoff.
[C]They are feeling humiliated.
[D] Theyare busywithwordpuzzles.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Whichof thefollowingis true according tothetext?
[A]Peoplewith surnames beginning with NtoZare often ill-treated.
[B]VIPs in theWestern world gain agreat deal from alphabetism.
[C]The campaign toeliminatealphabetism stillhas along waytogo.
[D] Puttingthings alphabetically may lead tounintentionalbias.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
2004 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Whenitcomes tothe slowingeconomy, Ellen Spero isn't bitingher nails justyet.
752004年Text3
（2）But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to,
either.
（3）Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly
stopped showingup.
（4）Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a
service that people candowithout whenthey're concerned about saving somedollars.”
（5）So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban
Cleveland home,instead ofNeiman Marcus.
（6）“Idon't knowif otherclients are going to abandon me,too,”shesays.
【第二段】
（1）Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of
workingfolks had already seen signs oftheslowdown themselves.
（2）From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their
spending.
762004年Text3
（3） For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and
Christmas,thecautious approachis coming at acrucial time.
（4）Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7percent from last year's pace.
（5）But don’t soundany alarms just yet.
（6）★Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic
about theeconomy's long-term prospects evenas theydosomemodest belt-tightening.
【第三段】
（1）Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes
stillfeel prettygood.
（2）Homeprices are holdingsteady inmostregions.
（3）In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range,
predominantly fed byWallStreet bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran.
（4）In SanFrancisco, prices arestill risingeven as frenzied overbiddingquiets.
772004年Text3
（5）“Instead of 20 to 30offers, now maybe you only get twoor three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area
real-estatebroker.
（6）Andmost folks still feel pretty comfortable about theirability tofindand keep ajob.
【第四段】
（1）★Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower
interest rates.
（2）Employers wouldn't mind alittlefewer bubbles inthejobmarket.
（3）Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now
viewas a necessary ingredient toasustained boom.
（4）Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant
usedto beimpossible. Not anymore.For that, Greenspan &Co. maystill beworth toasting.
【题目】
31.By “Ellen Spero isn’tbiting hernailsjustyet”(Line1,Paragraph 1),the authormeans .
[A]Spero can hardly maintain her business [B]Spero is too muchengagedin her work
[C]Spero has grown out ofher badhabit [D] Spero is notin a desperatesituation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
782004年Text3
32.Howdothe publicfeel aboutthecurrenteconomic situation?
[A]Optimistic. [B]Confused.
[C]Carefree. [D] Panicked.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Whenmentioning “the$4millionto$10millionrange” (Lines 3,Paragraph3), theauthoris
talkingabout .
[A]goldmarket [B]real estate
[C]stock exchange [D]venture investment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Whycan manypeoplesee “silverlinings” totheeconomic showdown?
[A]Theywouldbenefit incertain ways.
[B]The stock market shows signs ofrecovery.
[C]Suchaslowdown usuallyprecedes a boom.
[D] Thepurchasingpower wouldbeenhanced.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
792004年Text4
35.Towhichofthe followingis theauthorlikelyto agree?
[A]Anewboom,onthehorizon.
[B]Tighten thebelt, thesingle remedy.
[C]Caution all right, panicnot.
[D] Themore ventures,themore chances.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2004 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Americans today don't place avery high valueonintellect.
（2）Ourheroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars.
（3）Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue
knowledge forthesake ofknowledge.
（4）Symptomsof pervasive anti-intellectualism inourschools aren't difficult tofind.
【第二段】
802004年Text4
（1）“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says
educationwriter Diane Ravitch.
（2）“Schools couldbea counterbalance.”
（3）★Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of
anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American
distasteforintellectual pursuits.
【第三段】
（1）But theycould andshould be.
（2）Encouraging kidstoreject thelifeof themindleaves them vulnerable toexploitation andcontrol.
（3）Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others,
theycannot fully participate inourdemocracy.
（4）Continuing along this path,says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We
willhave aless civil society.”
【第四段】
（1）★“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard
Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of
anti-intellectualism inUSpolitics, religion, and education.
812004年Text4
（2）From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have
driven us toreject anything that smells ofelitism.
（3）Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities
thananything you couldlearn from abook.
【第五段】
（1）Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous
book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation
rooms for10or 15years andcome out at lastwithabellyful ofwords and donot knowathing.”
（2）MarkTwain's Huckleberry Finnexemplified American anti-intellectualism.
（3）Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his
innategoodness.
【第六段】
（1）Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly
admire.
（2）Intellect is thecritical, creative, and contemplativesideofthemind.
822004年Text4
（3）Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders,
wonders, theorizes, criticizes,and imagines.
【第七段】
（1）Schoolremains aplace where intellect ismistrusted.
（2）Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and
militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show
theleast intellectual promise.”
【题目】
36.WhatdoAmerican parents expect theirchildren toacquireinschool?
[A]Thehabit ofthinking independently.
[B]Profound knowledge ofthe world.
[C]Practical abilities forfuture career.
[D] Theconfidenceinintellectual pursuits.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
832004年Text4
37.Wecan learn fromthe text thatAmericans haveahistory of .
[A]undervaluing intellect
[B]favoring intellectualism
[C]supporting school reform
[D] suppressing nativeintelligence
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.TheviewsofRavitch andEmerson on schooling are .
[A]identical [B]similar
[C]complementary [D] opposite
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Emerson,accordingto thetext, is probably .
[A]apioneer ofeducation reform
[B]an opponent ofintellectualism
[C]ascholar infavor ofintellect
[D] anadvocateof regular schooling
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
842005年Text1
40.Whatdoesthe authorthinkofintellect?
[A]It issecond tointelligence.
[B]It evolves from common sense.
[C]It is tobepursued.
[D] It underlies power.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2005 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Everybody loves afat payrise.
（2）Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.
（3） Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.
（4）Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other
animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
（5）But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia,
which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
852005年Text1
【第二段】
（1）The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.
（2）They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food
readily.
（3）Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the
value of “goods and services” than males.
【第三段】
（1）Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study.
（2）The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.
（3）Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.
（4）★However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each
could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly
different.
【第四段】
（1）In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).
862005年Text1
（2）So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant
to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.
（3）And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other
either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of
cucumber.
（4）Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it)
was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
【第五段】
（1）The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.
（2）In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species.
（3）Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.
（4）Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
（5）Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of
the group.
872005年Text1
（6）However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or
whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an
unanswered question.
【题目】
21.Intheopening paragraph,theauthor introduces his topicby .
[A]posinga contrast
[B]justifying an assumption
[C]making acomparison
[D] explaining aphenomenon
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Thestatement“itis alltoo monkey”（Lastline,paragraph l）implies that .
[A]monkeys are alsooutraged byslack rivals
[B]resenting unfairness isalsomonkeys' nature
[C]monkeys, likehumans, tendtobe jealous ofeachother
[D] noanimals otherthanmonkeys can develop suchemotions
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
882005年Text1
23.Female capuchinmonkeys were chosen for theresearch most probablybecausethey are .
[A]moreinclined toweighwhat they get
[B]attentivetoresearchers’ instructions
[C]nice inbothappearance andtemperament
[D] moregenerous thantheirmale companions
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Dr.Brosnanand Dr.deWaal haveeventually foundin theirstudy thatthemonkeys .
[A]prefergrapes to cucumbers [B]can betaught to exchange things
[C]will notbe co-operativeif feeling cheated [D] are unhappywhen separated from others
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whatcan weinfer fromthelastparagraph？
[A]Monkeys can betrained todevelop social emotions.
[B]Human indignation evolved from anuncertain source.
[C]Animals usually showtheirfeelings openlyas humans do.
[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stableonlyinthewild.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
892005年Text2
2005 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the
doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?
（2）That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain?
（3）That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay
out of the way?
（4）Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers
went to early graves.
【第二段】
（1）There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to
the growing threat of global warming.
（2）The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to
tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.
（3）The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.
902005年Text2
（4）The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to
the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers.
（5）★But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that
our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide
concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
【第三段】
（1）Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global
warming is incomplete, that it’s OKtokeep pouringfumes intothe airuntil weknowfor sure.
（2）This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late.
（3）With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
【第四段】
（1）Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention.
（2）But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming
seriously.
912005年Text2
（3）Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research—a classic case of
“paralysis by analysis”.
【第五段】
（1）To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric
and oceanic research.
（2）But research alone isinadequate.
（3）If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin
fashioning conservation measures.
（4）A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial
incentives for private industry, is a promising start.
（5）Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy
needs.
（6）If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be
environmentally sound.
【题目】
922005年Text2
26.Anargument madebysupporters ofsmoking was that .
[A]therewas noscientificevidence ofthecorrelation between smoking anddeath
[B]thenumber ofearly deaths ofsmokers inthepast decades was insignificant
[C]people hadthefreedom tochoose theirownway oflife
[D] antismokingpeople were usuallytalkingnonsense
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.AccordingtoBruce Alberts, science can serve as .
[A]aprotector [B]ajudge
[C]acritic [D] aguide
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Whatdoesthe authormean by “paralysisbyanalysis”（Lastline, paragraph4）?
[A]Endless studieskill action.
[B]Careful investigation revealstruth.
[C]Prudent planning hinders progress.
[D] Extensiveresearch helps decision-making.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
932005年Text3
29.Accordingtothe author, whatshouldtheAdministration do aboutglobal warming?
[A]Offer aidtobuild cleanerpower plants.
[B]Raisepublicawareness of conservation.
[C]Press for further scientific research.
[D] Takesome legislativemeasures.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Theauthorassociates theissueofglobalwarming withthat ofsmokingbecause .
[A]theybothsuffered from thegovernment's negligence
[B]alesson from thelatter isapplicable totheformer
[C]theoutcome ofthelatteraggravates theformer
[D] bothof them haveturned from bad toworse
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2005 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.
942005年Text3
（2）In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.
（3）A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised
shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to
thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes
on during sleep.
（4）Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating
moods while the brain is “off-line.”
（5）And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only
harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. “It’s your
dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.
（6）“If you don't likeit,change it.”
【第二段】
（1）Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.
（2）★The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—when most vivid dreams
occur—as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.
952005年Text3
（3）But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is
especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively
quiet.
（4）“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.”
says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
【第三段】
（1）The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.
（2）★Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier
ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during
the day.
（3）Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the
emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.
【第四段】
（1）And this process need not be left to the unconscious.
（2）Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.
962005年Text3
（3）As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream.
（4）Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just
enough to control its course.
（5）With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
【第五段】
（1）At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless
they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says.
（2）Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s
anxiety.
（3）Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.
（4）For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep—or rather
dream—on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.
【题目】
972005年Text3
31.Researchers havecome tobelieve thatdreams .
[A]canbe modified intheir courses
[B]are susceptible toemotional changes
[C]reflect our innermost desires and fears
[D] are arandom outcome ofneural repairs
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.Byreferring tothe limbicsystem, theauthor intends toshow .
[A]itsfunction inourdreams
[B]themechanism ofREM sleep
[C]therelation ofdreams toemotions
[D] itsdifference from the prefrontal cortex
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Thenegativefeelingsgenerated duringtheday tend to .
[A]aggravateinourunconscious mind. [B]develop intohappy dreams.
[C]persist tillthetimewe fall asleep. [D] showupindreams early at night.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
982005年Text4
34.Cartwrightseems to suggestthat .
[A]wakingupin timeis essential tothe riddingof baddreams
[B]visualizing baddreams helps bringthem under control
[C]dreams shouldbeleft totheirnatural progression
[D] dreaming maynot entirely belongtotheunconscious
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgiveto thosewhosometimes havebaddreams?
[A]Leadyour lifeas usual.
[B]Seek professional help.
[C]Exerciseconscious control.
[D] Avoidanxietyin thedaytime.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2005 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the
English language with skill and gift.
992005年Text4
（2） Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.
（3）★In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of language and Music and Why
We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and
conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of
formal English.
【第二段】
（1）Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the
decline in education.
（2）★Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the
gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss
of the case-endings of Old English.
【第三段】
（1）But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of
formal speech, writing, poetry and music.
（2）★While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before
the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on
the page.
1002005年Text4
（3）Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim
real liveliness.
（4）In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
【第四段】
（1） Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend
that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable.
（2）But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care.
（3）★As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard
ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—there exists no language or dialect in the
world that cannot convey complex ideas.
（4）He isnot arguing, as manydo,that we can nolonger thinkstraight because we donottalk proper.
【第五段】
（1）Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry
in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to
most English-speakers.
1012005年Text4
（2）Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no
radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than
useful.
（3）We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”.
（4）A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
【题目】
36.AccordingtoMc Whorter,the declineofformal English .
[A]isinevitable inradical educationreforms
[B]is butall toonatural in language development
[C]has causedthe controversy over thecounter-culture
[D] brought about changes inpublicattitudesinthe1960s
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
37.Theword “talking”（Linge6, paragraph3）denotes .
[A]modesty [B]personality
[C]liveliness [D] informality
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1022005年Text4
38.Towhichofthe followingstatements wouldMcWhorter mostlikely agree?
[A]Logical thinkingis not necessarily related to theway wetalk.
[B]Black English can bemoreexpressivethan standard English.
[C]Non-standard varieties of humanlanguageare justas entertaining.
[D] Ofall thevarieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.ThedescriptionofRussians' loveof memorizing poetry shows theauthor's .
[A]interest in theirlanguage
[B]appreciation oftheir efforts
[C]admiration for theirmemory
[D] contempt fortheirold-fashionedness
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Accordingtothe lastparagraph, “paperplates” is to “china” as .
[A] “temporary” is to “permanent” [B] “radical” isto “conservative”
[C] “functional” is to “artistic” [D] “humble” is to “noble”
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1032006年Text1
2006 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（ 1 ） In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine
for homogenizing people.
（2）There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence
of deference” characteristic of popular culture.
（ 3 ） ★ People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century
department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
（4）★Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could
enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”
（5） The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
【第二段】
（1）Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating
but is hardly poisonous.
1042006年Text1
（ 2 ） Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s
immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation.
（3）In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent.
（4） In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years
prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.
（5）Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.
【第三段】
（1）The 1990 Census revealed that“a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common
countries of originspoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after tenyears ofresidence.”
（2）The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English.
（3） “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”
（4）Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.
（5）By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of
75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
1052006年Text1
【第四段】
（1）Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born
whites and blacks.”
（2）By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41
percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
【第五段】
（1）Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like
Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within
the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
【第六段】
（1）Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to
have a bit of everything.
（2）But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly
suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
【题目】
1062006年Text1
21.Theword “homogenizing” (Line2,Paragraph 1)most probably means .
[A]identifying [B]associating
[C]assimilating [D] monopolizing
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Accordingtothe author, thedepartment stores ofthe 19thcentury .
[A]played a roleinthespread ofpopular culture.
[B]becameintimateshops forcommon consumers.
[C]satisfied theneeds of aknowledgeable elite.
[D] owedits emergencetotheculture of consumption.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Thetextsuggests that immigrants nowinthe U.S. .
[A]are resistant tohomogenization.
[B]exert agreat influence onAmerican culture.
[C]are hardly athreat tothecommon culture.
[D] constitutethe majorityof thepopulation.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1072006年Text2
24.Whyare Arnold Schwarzenegger andGarth Brooksmentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A]Toprovetheir popularity aroundthe world.
[B]To reveal thepublic’s fear ofimmigrants.
[C]To give examples ofsuccessful immigrants.
[D] Toshowthepowerful influence ofAmerican culture.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Intheauthor’s opinion,the absorptionofimmigrants into American society is .
[A]rewarding [B]successful
[C]fruitless [D] harmful
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2006 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there
are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
1082006年Text2
（2） There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the
plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.
（3）And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but
to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
【第二段】
（1）The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.
（2）They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and
noisiness.
（3）★ It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was
himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
【第三段】
（1）The tourist streams are not entirely separate.
（2）The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on
the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in
Stratford.
（3）However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.
1092006年Text2
（4）It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they
spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.
（5）The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
【第四段】
（1）The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the
subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.
（2）Stratford cries poortraditionally.
（3）Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.
（4）Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet
Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very
expensive.
【第五段】
（1）Anyway, thetownsfolk can’t understand whytheRoyal Shakespeare Companyneeds a subsidy.
（2）(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats
were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)
1102006年Text2
（3）The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
【第六段】
（1）It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people
who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.
（2） They come entirely for the plays, not the sights.
（3）★They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces,
wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones
outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to
them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
【题目】
26.From thefirst twoparagraphs, welearn that .
[A]thetownsfolk denytheRSC’s contributiontothetown’s revenue
[B]theactors ofthe RSCimitateShakespeare onandoff stage
[C]thetwobranches oftheRSCare not ongood terms
[D] thetownsfolk earn littlefrom tourism
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1112006年Text2
27.Itcan beinferred from Paragraph 3that .
[A]thesightseers cannot visittheCastleandthePalace separately
[B]theplaygoers spendmore money thanthesightseers
[C]thesightseers domoreshoppingthantheplaygoers
[D] theplaygoers go tonoother places intownthanthe theater
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Bysaying"Stratfordcries poortraditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the authorimpliesthat .
[A]Stratford cannot afford theexpansionprojects
[B]Stratford has longbeenin financial difficulties
[C]thetownis not really short of money
[D] thetownsfolk usedtobepoorlypaid
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
29.Accordingtothe townsfolk,the RSCdeserves nosubsidy because .
[A]ticket prices canberaised tocover thespending [B]thecompany isfinancially ill-managed
[C]thebehavior oftheactors is not socially acceptable [D] thetheatre attendanceis ontherise
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1122006年Text3
30.From thetext wecan concludethat theauthor .
[A]issupportiveof bothsides
[B]favors thetownsfolk’s view
[C]takes adetached attitude
[D] issympatheticto theRSC
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2006 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the
large animals: they suddenly became extinct.
（2）Smaller species survived.
（3）The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
（4）Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
【第二段】
（1）That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
1132006年Text3
（2）What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things
are changing.
（3）They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.
（4）Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological
matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.
（5）According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that
kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start
of exploitation..
（6） In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
【第三段】
（1） Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.
（2） One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.
（3）Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50
years ago.
（4）★That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference
between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
1142006年Text3
（5）In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.
（6）Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have
been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
（7） Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they
had been hooked.
（8）That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
【第四段】
（1）Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future
management efforts must take into account.
（2）They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting
baseline”.
（3）The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the
ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.
1152006年Text3
（4）★That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped
from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
（5）Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
【题目】
31.Theextinction oflargeprehistoric animals is noted tosuggestthat .
[A]largeanimals were vulnerable tothechangingenvironment.
[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared.
[C]large sea animals mayface thesame threat today.
[D] Slow-growing fish outlivefast-growing ones
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.Wecan infer from Dr.Myers andDr. Worm’s paperthat .
[A]thestock oflarge predators insomeoldfisheries has reduced by90%.
[B]there are onlyhalfas manyfisheries as there were 15years ago.
[C]thecatch sizesinnew fisheries are only20%oftheoriginal amount.
[D] thenumberof large predators droppedfaster innewfisheries thaninthe old.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1162006年Text3
33.Bysaying “thesefigures are conservative” (Line1,paragraph3),Dr. Wormmeans that .
[A]fishingtechnology has improved rapidly
[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller thanrecorded
[C]themarine biomass has suffered agreaterloss
[D] thedatacollected so far are out ofdate.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Dr.Myers and otherresearchers holdthat .
[A]peopleshouldlookfora baselinethat can workfor alonger time.
[B]fisheries shouldkeeptheiryields below50%ofthebiomass
[C]theoceanbiomass shouldberestored toits original level.
[D] peopleshouldadjust thefishing baselineto thechanging situation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Theauthorseems to bemainlyconcerned with mostfisheries’ .
[A]management efficiency [B]biomass level
[C]catch-sizelimits [D] technological application.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1172006年Text4
2006 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Many things make people think artists are weird.
（2）But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to
focus on the ones that feel bad.
【第二段】
（1）Thiswasn’t always so.
（2）The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy.
（3）★But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as
meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to
Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
【第三段】
（1）You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen
so much misery.
（2）But it’s not as ifearliertimes didn’t knowperpetual war, disaster and themassacre ofinnocents.
1182006年Text4
（3）The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world
today.
【第四段】
（1）After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting
happiness?
（2） Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,
and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
【第五段】
（1）People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery.
（2）They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young.
（3）In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the
church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be
meat for worms.
（4）Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
【第六段】
（1）Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial,
and forever happy.
1192006年Text4
（2）Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling.
（3）Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes.
（4）And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very
idea of happiness seem unreliable.
（5）“Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could
increase the risk of heart attacks.
【第七段】
（1）But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than
pleasure withoutpain.
（2）Thethings that bring thegreatest joycarry thegreatest potential for lossand disappointment.
（3）★Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once
did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in
denyingthisbut inlivingwithit.
（4）It’s amessage even morebitter thanaclove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breathof fresh air.
【题目】
1202006年Text4
36.By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show
that .
[A]poetry is not as expressiveofjoyas painting ormusic.
[B]art grows out ofbothpositiveand negative feelings.
[C]poets todayare less skeptical ofhappiness.
[D] artistshave changed theirfocus ofinterest.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
37.Theword “bummer” (Line5.paragraph 5)mostprobably means something .
[A]religious [B]unpleasant
[C]entertaining [D] commercial
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
38.Intheauthor’s opinion,advertising .
[A]emerges inthewakeof theanti-happy art.
[B]is acause of disappointmentfor thegeneral public.
[C]replaces thechurch as amajor source ofinformation.
[D] creates anillusionof happiness rather than happiness itself.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
1212006年Text4
39.Wecan learn fromthe lastparagraphthatthe authorbelieves .
[A]happiness moreoften thannot ends insadness.
[B]theanti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
[C]misery shouldbeenjoyed rather thandenied.
[D] theanti-happy art flourishes when economybooms.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Whichof thefollowingis true ofthetext?
[A]Religion once functioned as areminder ofmisery.
[B]Art provides abalance between expectation andreality.
[C]Peoplefeel disappointed at therealities ofmodern society.
[D] Mass mediaare inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1222007年Text1
2007 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup
tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to
have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months.
（2）If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and
professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.
【第二段】
（1）What might account for this strange phenomenon?
（ 2 ） Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b)
winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c)
soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer
mania; d) none of the above.
【第三段】
（1）Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he
believes strongly in “none of the above.”
1232007年Text1
（2） Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have
more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.
（3）His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then
repeat a random series of numbers.
（4）“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”
Ericsson recalls.
（5）“He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
【第四段】
（1）★This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically
determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than
an intuitive one.
（2）In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to
memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information.
（3）And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a
process known as deliberate practice.
1242007年Text1
（4）Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.
（5）Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as
much on technique as on outcome.
【第五段】
（1）Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of
pursuits, including soccer.
（2）They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but
also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
（3）Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly
overrated.
（4）Or, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer
programming—are nearly always made, not born.
【题目】
1252007年Text1
21.Thebirthday phenomenon foundamongsoccer players is mentioned to .
[A]stress theimportance ofprofessional training.
[B]spotlight thesoccer superstars intheWorldCup.
[C]introduce thetopicofwhat makes expert performance.
[D] explainwhysomesoccer teams playbetter thanothers.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Theword “mania” (Line4,Paragraph 2)most probably means .
[A]fun. [B]craze.
[C]hysteria. [D] excitement.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.AccordingtoEricsson, good memory .
[A]depends onmeaningful processing ofinformation.
[B]results from intuitiverather thancognitiveexercises.
[C]is determined bygeneticrather thanpsychological factors.
[D] requires immediatefeedback andahigh degree ofconcentration.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1262007年Text2
24.Ericsson andhiscolleagues believethat .
[A]talent isa dominatingfactorfor professional success.
[B]biographical data providethekey toexcellent performance.
[C]therole oftalent tends tobe overlooked.
[D] highachievers owetheir success mostlytonurture.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whichof thefollowingproverbs is closest tothe messagethe text tries toconvey?
[A] “Faith willmovemountains.”
[B] “One reaps what onesows.”
[C] “Practice makes perfect.”
[D] “Like father, likeson.”
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2007 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column
called “Ask Marilyn.”
1272007年Text2
（2） People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of
someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.
（3）IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been
folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.
（4）★So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ
is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and
coincidence?
（5）★ It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns
suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
【第二段】
（1）Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.
（2）Just what does it mean to be smart?
（3）How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from
neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?
1282007年Text2
【第三段】
（1）The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests
are not given as often as they used to be.
（2）The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler
Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version).
（3）Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists,
although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.
（4） Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a
statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the
chronological age and multiplying by 100.
（5）Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate
Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
【第四段】
（1）Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in
school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.
1292007年Text2
（2）In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests
best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,
components also critical to problem solving and life success.
（3）Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.
（4）Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under
low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with
leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.
（5）★Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether
it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
【题目】
26.Whichof thefollowingmayberequired inan intelligenttest?
[A]Answering philosophical questions.
[B]Folding orcutting paper intodifferent shapes.
[C]Telling thedifferences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosingwords or graphs similartothegivenones.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1302007年Text2
27.Whatcan beinferred aboutintelligencetesting fromParagraph 3?
[A]Peoplenolongeruse IQ scores as an indicator ofintelligence.
[B]More versions ofIQ tests are nowavailable ontheInternet.
[C]The testcontents andformats for adults andchildren may be different.
[D] Scientistshave defined the important elements ofhumanintelligence.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
28.Peoplenowadayscan nolongerachieve IQscores as highas vos Savant’s because .
[A]thescores are obtained throughdifferent computational procedures.
[B]creativity rather thananalytical skills isemphasized now.
[C]vos Savant’s case is an extreme onethat will notrepeat.
[D] thedefining characteristicofIQ tests has changed.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
29.Wecan concludefromthelastparagraph that .
[A]testscores may notbe reliable indicators ofone’s ability.
[B]IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
[C]testing involves alot ofguesswork.
[D] traditional tests are outofdate.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
1312007年Text3
30.Whatisthe author’ s attitudetowardsIQ tests?
[A]Supportive.
[B]Skeptical.
[C]Impartial.
[D] Biased.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2007 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）★During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard
work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new
realities.
（2）Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly
middle class to newly poor in a few months.
【第二段】
（1）In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family
economics.
1322007年Text3
（2）Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these
changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well.
（3）Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.
（4）★As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had intimes of financial setback–a back-up
earner (usually Mom)whocouldgo into theworkforce iftheprimary earnergot laid off orfell sick.
（5） This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance
or disability insurance to help families weather bad times.
（6）But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an
otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
【第三段】
（1）During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement
income.
（2）★Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of
families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that
they may outlive their retirement money.
1332007年Text3
（ 3 ） For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a
savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments
depending on investment returns.
（4）For younger families, the picture is not any better.
（5）Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen—and newly
fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much
higherdeductibles anda largenew doseofinvestment risk for families’ future healthcare.
（6）Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak
elderly parent—and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance—have jumped
eightfold in just one generation.
【第四段】
（1）★From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like
an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening
acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.
（2）The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
【题目】
1342007年Text3
31.Today’s double-income families are atgreater financialrisk in that .
[A]thesafety net theyusedtoenjoyhas disappeared.
[B]theirchances ofbeinglaid off have greatly increased.
[C]they are more vulnerable tochanges infamily economics.
[D] theyare deprived of unemployment ordisabilityinsurance.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.As aresultof PresidentBush’s reform, retired peoplemayhave .
[A]ahighersense ofsecurity. [B]less secured payments.
[C]less chance toinvest. [D] aguaranteed future.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Accordingtothe author, health-savings plans will .
[A]helpreduce the costof healthcare.
[B]popularizeamongthe middleclass.
[C]compensate for thereduced pensions.
[D] increase thefamilies’ investmentrisk.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1352007年Text4
34.Itcan beinferred from thelastparagraph that .
[A]financial risks tend tooutweigh political risks.
[B]themiddleclass may face greater political challenges.
[C]financial problems maybringabout political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is anindicatorofpolitical status.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Whichof thefollowingis thebest titleforthistext?
[A]TheMiddleClass ontheAlert
[B]The MiddleClass ontheCliff
[C]The MiddleClass inConflict
[D] TheMiddleClass inRuins
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2007 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）It never rains but it pours.
1362007年Text4
（2）Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance
troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn
them—especially in America—the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the
executive suite: data insecurity.
（3）★ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of
data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on
the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.
【第二段】
（1）Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year—from organizations as
diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and
even the University of California, Berkeley—have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate
IT systems andbusiness processes insearch of potential vulnerabilities.
【第三段】
（1）“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim
Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school.
1372007年Text4
（2）“The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible
for on behalf of shareholders”.
（3） Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP),
perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New
York’s Columbia Business School.
（4）“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management
issue, not a technical one,” he says.
【第四段】
（1）The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.
（2）Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic
assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that few things are more likely to
destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
【第五段】
（1）The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of
legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage.
1382007年Text4
（2）Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the
victim, when data went astray.
（3）That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in
Washington, D.C.
（4）★ Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America,
disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if
firms fail to provide adequate data security.
【题目】
36.Thestatement “Itnever rains butitpours” isused tointroduce .
[A]thefierce business competition.
[B]thefeeble boss-boardrelations.
[C]thethreat from news reports.
[D] theseverity of dataleakage.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1392007年Text4
37.AccordingtoParagraph 2,some organizations check their systems to findout .
[A]whether thereis any weakpoint. [B]what sort of datahas been stolen.
[C]whois responsiblefor theleakage. [D] howthepotential spies can belocated.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Inbringing upthe conceptof GASPthe authoris making thepointthat .
[A]shareholders’ interests shouldbe properly attended to.
[B]information protection shouldbe given dueattention.
[C]businesses shouldenhance theirlevel ofaccounting security.
[D] themarket value ofcustomer datashouldbeemphasized.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.AccordingtoParagraph 4,whatpuzzles theauthoris thatsomebosses failto .
[A]seethelink between trust anddata protection.
[B]perceive thesensitivity ofpersonal data.
[C]realize thehigh costof datarestoration.
[D] appreciate theeconomicvalue oftrust.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1402008年Text1
40.Itcan beinferred from Paragraph 5that .
[A]dataleakage is moresevere in Europe.
[B]FTC’s decision is essential to datasecurity.
[C]Californiatakes thelead insecurity legislation.
[D] legal penalty is amajor solution todataleakage.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2008 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead
in at least one undesirable category.
（2 ） “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in
response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s
Veteran’s Administration Hospital.
【第二段】
1412008年Text1
（1）★Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the
stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males
under the same conditions.
（ 2 ） In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female
reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.
【第三段】
（1）Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for
stress.
（2）“It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to
cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda.
（3）“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just
that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and
sooner.”
【第四段】
（1）Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes.
1422008年Text1
（2）“I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or
repeated nature.
（3）Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random
physical violence.
（4）The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,
by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.
（5）The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
【第五段】
（1）Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college.
（2） “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was
my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.”
（3）Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care
of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.
（4）I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
【第六段】
1432008年Text1
（1）Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.
（2）But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the
strain.
（3）Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it
threatens your health and your ability to function.
【题目】
21.Whichof thefollowingis true according tothefirsttwoparagraphs?
[A]Womenare biologically morevulnerable tostress.
[B]Women are still suffering much stress causedbymen.
[C]Women are moreexperienced thanmen incoping withstress.
[D] Menandwomen showdifferent inclinationswhen faced withstress.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Dr.Yehuda’s research suggests thatwomen .
[A]needextradoses ofchemicalstohandle stress. [B]have limited capacityfor tolerating stress.
[C]are more capable ofavoiding stress. [D] are exposedtomore stress.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1442008年Text1
23.AccordingtoParagraph 4,thestress women confronttends tobe .
[A]domesticandtemporary. [B]irregular and violent.
[C]durable and frequent. [D] trivialand random.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Thesentence “I lived frompaycheck to paycheck.” (Line6,Para. 5)showsthat .
[A]Alvarez cared about nothingbut making money.
[B]Alvarez’s salary barely covered her householdexpenses.
[C]Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.
[D] Alvarez paidpractically everything bycheck.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whichof thefollowingwouldbethe besttitleforthe text?
[A]Strainof Stress:No WayOut?
[B]Responses toStress: Gender Difference
[C]Stress Analysis: WhatChemicals Say
[D] Gender Inequality: WomenUnder Stress
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1452008年Text2
2008 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★
【第一段】
（1）It usedtobesostraightforward.
（2）A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their
research to a journal.
（3）A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send
it to their peers for review.
（4）Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or
decline it.
（5）Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results
would have to subscribe to the journal.
【第二段】
（1）Nolonger.
（2）★The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial
publishers are making money from government–funded research by restricting access to it—is
making free access to scientific results a reality.
1462008年Text2
（3）The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a
report describing the far-reaching consequences of this.
（4）The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the
OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.
（5）But it goes further thanthat.
（6） It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
【第三段】
（1）The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part,
upon wide distribution and ready access.
（2）It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7
billion and $11 billion.
（3）The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there
are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects.
（4）They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
【第四段】
1472008年Text2
（1）Thisis now changing.
（2）According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online.
（3）Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s
authors.
（4）There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of
online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.
（5）There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to
pay for the paper to be published.
（ 6 ） Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or
international laboratories support institutional repositories.
（7）★Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where
journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely
available to everyone who wishes to see it.
（8）All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication
of papers.
【题目】
1482008年Text2
26.Inthefirstparagraph, theauthordiscusses .
[A]thebackground information ofjournal editing.
[B]thepublication routineof laboratory reports.
[C]therelations ofauthors with journal publishers.
[D] thetraditional process ofjournal publication.
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Whichof thefollowingis true oftheOECDreport?
[A]It criticizesgovernment-funded research. [B]It introduces aneffective means of publication.
[C]It upsets profit-making journal publishers. [D] It benefits scientific research considerably.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Accordingtothe text, onlinepublicationis significantin that .
[A]itprovides aneasier access toscientific results.
[B]it brings huge profits toscientificresearchers.
[C]it emphasizes thecrucial roleofscientific knowledge.
[D] itfacilitates publicinvestment inscientificresearch.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1492008年Text3
29.With theopen-access publishing model, the authorof apaper isrequired to .
[A]cover thecost ofits publication.
[B]subscribe tothejournal publishingit.
[C]allowother onlinejournals to useit freely.
[D] completethepeer-review before submission.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Whichof thefollowingbest summarizes the text?
[A]TheInternet is posinga threat topublishers.
[B]Anew modeofpublication is emerging.
[C]Authors welcome thenew channel forpublication.
[D] Publication is rendered easier byonlineservice.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2008 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National
Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet.
1502008年Text3
（2） If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.
（3）The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and
managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,
longer frames.
【第二段】
（1）The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have
generally stopped growing.
（2）Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially
those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations—apparently reached their
limit in the early 1960s.
（3）Andtheyaren’tlikely toget any taller.
（4） “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone
as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.
（5） In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly
common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
1512008年Text3
【第三段】
（1）Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably,
protein—to feed expanding tissues.
（2）At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.
（3）But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height
by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.
（4）Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men,
5'4" for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.
【第四段】
（1）Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.
（2）During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.
（3）★Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back
continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by
oversize limbs.
1522008年Text3
（4）“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual
organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
【第五段】
（1）Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon.
（2）Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures
that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.
（3） She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for
some time.
（4）And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,
Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.”
【题目】
31.WiltChamberlainis cited as an exampleto .
[A]illustratethe change ofheight ofNBA players.
[B]showthepopularity of NBA players intheU.S.
[C]compare different generationsof NBA players.
[D] assess theachievements offamous NBA players.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1532008年Text3
32.Whichof thefollowingplays akeyrolein bodygrowthaccordingto thetext?
[A]Genetic modification. [B]Natural environment.
[C]Living standards. [D] Daily exercise.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Onwhich ofthefollowing statements would theauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]Non-Americans add totheaverageheight of thenation.
[B]Human height is conditioned bytheupright posture.
[C]Americans are thetallest onaverage intheworld.
[D] Larger babies tendtobecome taller inadulthood.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Welearn fromthe lastparagraphthatin thenear future .
[A]thegarment industry will reconsider theuniform size.
[B]thedesign of military uniforms will remain unchanged.
[C]genetic testingwill beemployed inselecting sportsmen.
[D] theexistingdata ofhuman height willstillbe applicable.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1542008年Text4
35.Thetextintends totell us that .
[A]thechange ofhuman height follows a cyclicpattern.
[B]human height is becoming even morepredictable.
[C]Americans have reached theirgenetic growth limit.
[D] thegenetic pattern ofAmericans has altered.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2008 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52,
was nearly toothless.
（2） So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from the
mouths of his slaves.
【第二段】
（1）That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from
their history books.
1552008年Text4
（2）But recently,many historians have begun to focus on the role slavery played in the lives of the
founding generation.
（3）They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost
certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.
（4）And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.
（5）Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders
and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.
（6）More significant, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong—and
yet most did little to fight it.
【第三段】
（1）More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time.
（2）★While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood
that itwas part of thepolitical andeconomicbedrock ofthecountry they helped tocreate.
【第四段】
1562008年Text4
（1）For onething, theSouthcouldnot affordto part with itsslaves.
（2）Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect
God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America.
（3）The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the
“peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of
congressional representation.
【第五段】
（1）And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery.
（2）The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of
1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.
（3）Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land
was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.
【第六段】
（1）Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children—though not Hemings herself or his approximately
150 other slaves.
1572008年Text4
（2）Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the
bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his
relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.
（3）Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.
【题目】
36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to .
[A]showtheprimitivemedical practiceinthepast.
[B]demonstrate thecruelty ofslavery inhisdays.
[C]stress therole ofslaves intheU.S.history.
[D] reveal someunknownaspect ofhis life.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
37.Wemayinfer fromthesecond paragraph that .
[A]DNAtechnology has been widely appliedto history research.
[B]in itsearly days the U.S.was confronted with delicate situations.
[C]historians deliberately madeupsome storiesof Jefferson’s life.
[D] political compromises are easily foundthroughout theU.S.history.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1582008年Text4
38.Whatdowelearn aboutThomas Jefferson?
[A]Hispolitical view changed his attitudetowards slavery.
[B]His status as afather madehim free thechild slaves.
[C]His attitudetowards slavery was complex.
[D] Hisaffair with aslave stained his prestige.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Whichof thefollowingis true according tothetext?
[A]SomeFounding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.
[B]Slaves intheolddays didnot have theright tovote.
[C]Slaveowners usuallyhad large savings accounts.
[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Washington’s decisionto free slaves originated fromhis .
[A]moral considerations. [B]military experience.
[C]financial conditions. [D] political stand.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1592009年Text1
2009 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）Habits are afunny thing.
（2）We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing intothe unconscious
comfort of familiarroutine.
（3） "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th
century.
（4） In theever-changing 21st century, eventhe word"habit" carries anegative implication.
【第二段】
（1）Soit seems paradoxical totalk about habitsinthesame contextas creativityandinnovation.
（2）★But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create
parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new,
innovativetracks.
【第三段】
（1）Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our
ownchange byconsciously developing newhabits.
1602009年Text1
（2）In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more
inherently creative webecome, bothintheworkplaceand inour personal lives.
【第四段】
（1）But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the the
brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel
pathways that can bypass those oldroads.
【第五段】
（1）"The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova,
authorof "The OpenMind" .
（2）"But we are taught instead to'decide,' just as our president calls himself'the Decider.' " She adds,
however,that "todecide istokilloff all possibilities but one.
（3）Agood innovational thinkeris always exploringthemanyotherpossibilities."
【第六段】
（1）Allof us workthroughproblems inways ofwhich we're unaware, she says.
（2）Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach
challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and
innovatively.
1612009年Text1
（3）At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only
thosemodes ofthought that have seemed mostvaluableduring thefirst decade orso oflife.
【第七段】
（1）The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that
few ofus inherently use ourinnovativeandcollaborativemodes of thought.
（2）"This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,"
explainsM. J.Ryan, authorof the2006bookThisYear IWill... andMs.Markova's business partner.
（3）"That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at
anddoingeven moreof itcreates excellence."
（4）Thisis where developingnew habitscomes in.
【题目】
21.InWordsworth’s view, “habits” ischaracterized bybeing .
[A]casual [B]familiar
[C]mechanical [D] changeable.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1622009年Text1
22.Brainresearchers havediscovered thatthe formation ofnewhabits can be .
[A]predicted [B]regulated
[C]traced [D] guided
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
23.Theword “ruts”(paragraph 4)is closestin meaningto .
[A]tracks
[B]series
[C]characteristics
[D] connections
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.DawnaMarkovawouldmost probably agree that .
[A]ideas are born ofarelaxing mind
[B]innovativeness could betaught
[C]decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas
[D] curiosity activates creative minds
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1632009年Text2
25.Ryan’s comments suggestthatthe practice ofstandardized testing .
[A]prevents new habits frombeing formed
[B]nolonger emphasizes commonness
[C]maintains theinherent American thinkingmode
[D] complies withthe American belief system
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2009 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★
【第一段】
（1）It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly)
wisdom –orat least confirm that he's thekid's dad.
（2）All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and
another $120toget theresults.
【第二段】
（1）★More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without
prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes
theover-the-counterkits.
1642009年Text2
（2）More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a
few hundreddollars tomore than $2,500.
【第三段】
（1）Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find
theirbiological relatives andfamilies can usetotrack downkids put upforadoption.
（2）DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists—and supports businesses that
offer tosearch for afamily's geographicroots .
【第四段】
（1）Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva inthe mouth and sending it tothe company
fortesting.
（2）Alltests require a potential candidate with whom tocompare DNA.
【第五段】
（1）But some observers are skeptical, "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people
claiming theyare doingancestry testing," says TreyDuster, aNew York University sociologist.
（2）He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering inthe hundreds just a few centuries
back.
1652009年Text2
（3）Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited
through menin afather's lineor mitochondrial DNA,whichis passed downonlyfrom mothers.
（4）This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for
example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations
back, 14othergreat-great-grandparents.
【第六段】
（1）Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to
whicha sampleiscompared.
（2）Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump
togetherinformation from different research projects.
（3）This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a
person’s testresults maydiffer depending onthe companythat processes theresults.
（4）In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented
andnot subject topeer review oroutsideevaluation.
【题目】
1662009年Text2
26.Inparagraphs 1and2,thetext shows PTK’s .
[A]easyavailability [B]flexibilityinpricing
[C]successful promotion [D] popularity withhouseholds
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.PTKis used to .
[A]locateone’s birthplace
[B]promotegenetic research
[C]identify parent-child kinship
[D] choosechildren foradoption
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Skepticalobservers believe thatancestry testing fails to .
[A]trace distant ancestors
[B]rebuild reliable bloodlines
[C]fully usegenetic information
[D] achieve theclaimed accuracy
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1672009年Text3
29.Inthelastparagraph ,aproblemcommercial genetic testing faces is .
[A]disorganized datacollection
[B]overlapping database building
[C]excessivesample comparison
[D] lackofpatent evaluation
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Anappropriate titleforthetext is most likelyto be .
[A]Fors and Againsts ofDNA Testing
[B]DNA Testing andIts Problems
[C]DNA Testing OutsidetheLab
[D] Lies Behind DNATesting
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2009 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely
misunderstood byeconomists andpoliticians alike.
1682009年Text3
（2）★Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual
development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be
one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is
wrong.
（3）We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough
peoplethrough them toimproveeconomic performance wouldrequire twoor three generations.
（4）The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be
trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards
ofliving.
【第二段】
（1）Ironically, the first evidence for thisidea appeared intheUnited States.
（2）★Not longago, with the country entering a recession andJapan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S.
workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S. economic
performance.
（3）Japanwas, and remains, theglobal leader inautomotive-assembly productivity.
1692009年Text3
（4）★Yet the research revealed that the U.S.factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about
95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -- a result of the training that U.S.
workers received onthejob.
【第三段】
（1）More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,
non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor
productivity standards despite thecomplexity ofthebuildingindustry's work.
【第四段】
（1）Whatis thereal relationship between education andeconomic development?
（2）We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education
even whengovernments don't force it.
（3）After all, that’s howeducation got started.
（4）When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to
wonder muchabout anything besides finding food.
1702009年Text3
（5）Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other
things.
【第五段】
（1）As education improved,humanity's productivity potential increased as well.
（2）When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in
turnafford more education.
（3） This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition
forthe complexpoliticalsystems required byadvanced economic performance.
（4）Thus poor countries might not be able toescape their poverty traps without political changes that
maybepossibleonlywith broader formal education.
（5）A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's
workforce tosubstantially improveproductivity forthe foreseeablefuture.
（6） On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing
morequickly there thanit is.
【题目】
1712009年Text3
31.Theauthorholdsin paragraph1that theimportance ofeducation inpoorcountries .
[A]issubject togroundless doubts [B]has fallen victim ofbias
[C]is conventionally downgraded [D] has been overestimated
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.Itis stated inparagraph 1thatthe construction ofaneweducational system .
[A]challenges economistsand politicians
[B]takes efforts ofgenerations
[C]demands priorityfrom thegovernment
[D] requires sufficient labor force
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
33.Amajor differencebetween the Japaneseand U.S workforces is that .
[A]theJapanese workforce is betterdisciplined
[B]theJapanese workforce ismore productive
[C]theU.S workforce has a bettereducation
[D] theU.S workforce ismore organized
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1722009年Text4
34.Theauthorquotes the exampleofourancestors toshowthateducation emerged .
[A]whenpeople hadenoughtime
[B]priortobetter ways of findingfood
[C]when peoplenolonger went hungry
[D] as aresult of pressure ongovernment
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Accordingtothe lastparagraph,development ofeducation .
[A]results directly from competitiveenvironments
[B]does not depend oneconomic performance
[C]follows improved productivity
[D] cannot afford political changes
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2009 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and
politicalleaders ofseventeenth-century New England.
1732009年Text4
（2）★ According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else incolonial America
was "So muchimportance attached tointellectual pursuits."
（3）According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and
preoccupations ofan unfolding, dominant Puritantradition inAmerican intellectual life.
【第二段】
（1）To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans'
theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may
notneglect.
（2）But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original
Puritansas carriers ofEuropean culture, adjustingtoNew Worldcircumstances.
（3）The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely
understood ideals of civilityandvirtuosity.
【第三段】
（1）The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in
England.
1742009年Text4
（2）★Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade
after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and
official of theCrownbefore hejourneyed toBoston.
（3）These menwrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and OldWorldaudiences,
andgiving New England anatmosphere ofintellectual earnestness.
【第四段】
（1）Weshouldnot forget ,however, that mostNew Englanders were less well educated.
（2）While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to
beanalyzed, itis obviousthat their views were less fullyintellectualized.
（3）Theirthinking often had atraditional superstitionsquality.
（4）A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for
leaving England that is filled withsigns.
（5）★Sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope—all came together in a decisive
moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and
read the magical words: "come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God
andyou shall bemypeople."
1752009年Text4
（6）One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in
puritanchurches.
【第五段】
（1）★Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman
learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for
religion .
（2）“Our main endwas tocatch fish. ”
【题目】
36.Theauthorholdsthatin theseventeenth-century New England .
[A]Puritantradition dominated political life.
[B]intellectual interests were encouraged.
[C]politicsbenefited muchfrom intellectual endeavors.
[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed aliberal environment.
定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
题目
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析
C
D
1762009年Text4
37.Itis suggested inparagraph 2thatNew Englanders .
[A]experienced acomparatively peaceful early history.
[B]brought with them theculture oftheOldWorld
[C]paid little attentionto southern intellectual life
[D] were obsessed with religious innovations
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
38.Theearlyministers and political leaders inMassachusetts Bay .
[A]were famous intheNew World fortheirwritings
[B]gained increasing importance inreligious affairs
[C]abandoned high positionsbefore coming totheNew World
[D] created a newintellectual atmosphere in New England
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.ThestoryofJohnDane showsthat less well-educated NewEnglanders were often .
[A]influenced bysuperstitions [B]troubled with religious beliefs
[C]puzzled bychurchsermons [D] frustrated with familyearnings
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1772010年Text1
40.Thetextsuggests that early settlers inNew England .
[A]were mostlyengagedin political activities
[B]were motivated byan illusory prospect
[C]came from different intellectual backgrounds.
[D] left few formal records for later reference
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2010 Text1
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past
quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and
seriousness of theirarts coverage.
【第二段】
（1）★It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to
imagine atimewhen high-quality arts criticism couldbefound inmost big-city newspapers.
1782010年Text1
（2）Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th
century consisted inlarge part ofnewspaper reviews.
（3）To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed
suitableforpublication ingeneral-circulation dailies.
【第三段】
（1）★We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England
between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was
dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it
appeared.
（2）In thosefar-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write indetail
andat length about the events theycovered.
（3）★Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like
George Bernard Shawand Ernest Newman, couldbe trusted to knowwhat they were about.
（4）Thesemen believed injournalism as a calling, andwere proud tobepublished inthedaily press.
1792010年Text1
（5）“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in
journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied
bywriters who are not read towriters whoare’.”
【第四段】
（1）Unfortunately, thesecritics are virtually forgotten.
（2）Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardianfrom 1917 until shortly before his death
in1975,is now knownsolelyas awriter ofessays onthegame ofcricket.
（3）During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, and a
stylist sowidely admired that his Autobiography(1947) became abest-seller.
（4）Hewas knighted in1967,thefirst musiccritictobesohonored.
（5）Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown
savetospecialists.
【第五段】
（1）Is there anychance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoyarevival?
（2）Theprospect seems remote.
1802010年Text1
（3）Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for
therichly upholstered Vicwardian prose inwhich hespecialized.
（4）Moreover, theamateur tradition inmusiccriticism has been inheadlong retreat.
【题目】
21.Itis indicated in Paragraphs 1and2that .
[A]arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.
[B]English-language newspapers usedtocarry morearts reviews.
[C]high-quality newspapers retain alarge bodyof readers.
[D]young readers doubt thesuitability ofcriticism ondailies.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
22.Newspaperreviews inEnglandbeforeWorld War IIwere characterized by .
[A]free themes. [B]casual style.
[C]elaborate layout. [D]radical viewpoints.
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1812010年Text1
23.Whichof thefollowingwouldShawandNewman mostprobablyagree on?
[A]It iswriters' dutytofulfill journalisticgoals.
[B]It is contemptiblefor writers tobe journalists.
[C]Writers are likelytobe tempted intojournalism.
[D]Not all writers are capable ofjournalisticwriting.
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
24.Whatcan belearned aboutCardus accordingtothe lasttwoparagraphs?
[A]Hismusiccriticism maynot appeal toreaders today.
[B]His reputation as amusiccritic haslongbeen indispute.
[C]His style caters largely tomodern specialists.
[D]Hiswritings fail tofollowthe amateur tradition.
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
25.Whatwouldbethebesttitle forthetext?
[A]Newspapers of theGoodOldDays [B]The Lost Horizon inNewspapers
[C]Mournful Decline of Journalism [D]ProminentCritics inMemory
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1822010年Text2
2010 Text2
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business
methods.
（2）Amazon.com received one forits “one-click”onlinepayment system.
（3）Merrill Lynchgot legal protection foran asset allocation strategy.
（4）Oneinventor patenteda technique forliftinga box.
【第二段】
（1）★Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method
patents,which have been controversial ever since theywere first authorized 10years ago.
（2）In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz,the U.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal
Circuitsaid itwouldusea particular case toconduct a broadreview of business-method patents.
（3）In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University
ofMissouri School ofLaw.
1832010年Text2
（4）It “has thepotential toeliminatean entireclass ofpatents.”
【第三段】
（1）★Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal
Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision inthe so-called State Street Bank case,
approving a patent onaway ofpooling mutual-fund assets.
（2）That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging
Internet companies trying tostakeout exclusiverights tospecifictypes of onlinetransactions.
（3）Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive
moveagainst rivals that might beat them tothepunch.
（4）In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method
patents,despitethefact that it questioned thelegal basis forgrantingthem.
（5）Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial
products, even as theytook positionsincourt cases opposingthepractice.
【第四段】
1842010年Text2
（1）TheBilski case involves a claimed patent ona method forhedgingrisk in theenergy market.
（2）★The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of
the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is
whether itshould “reconsider” its StateStreet Bank ruling.
【第五段】
（1）The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme
Courtthat has narrowed thescope of protections forpatent holders.
（2）Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for
“inventions”that are obvious.
（3）The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,”
says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law
School.
【题目】
1852010年Text2
26.Business-methodpatents haverecently aroused concern becauseof .
[A]theirlimited value tobusinesses
[B]theirconnection withasset allocation
[C]thepossiblerestriction ontheir granting
[D]thecontroversy overtheir authorization
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
27.Whichof thefollowingis true oftheBilski case?
[A]Its rulingcomplies with thecourt decisions
[B]It involves avery bigbusiness transaction
[C]It has been dismissed bytheFederal Circuit
[D]It maychange thelegal practices intheU.S.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
28.Theword “about-face” (Line1,Para 3)most probably means .
[A]lossofgood will [B]increase ofhostility
[C]change of attitude [D]enhancement of dignity
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1862010年Text3
29.Welearn fromthe lasttwoparagraphs thatbusiness-method patents .
[A]are immuneto legal challenges
[B]are often unnecessarily issued
[C]lower theesteem for patent holders
[D]increase theincidence of risks
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
30.Whichof thefollowingwouldbethe subject ofthe text?
[A]Aloomingthreat tobusiness-method patents
[B]Protection for business-method patent holders
[C]Alegal case regarding business-method patents
[D]Aprevailing trend against business-method patents
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
2010 Text3
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in
large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are
unusually informed, persuasive, orwell connected.
1872010年Text3
（2）Theidea isintuitively compelling, butit doesn’texplain howideas actually spread.
【第二段】
（1）The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested
theory called the “two-step flow of communication” : Information flows from the media to the
influentials andfrom them to everyoneelse.
（2）Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and
influence theinfluentials, thoseselect people will domostofthe workfor them.
（3）The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands,
orneighborhoods.
（4）In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was
wearing, promoting, or developing whateverit is before anyone else paidattention.
（5）Anecdotal evidence ofthis kind fits nicely with the idea that onlycertain special people can drive
trends.
【第三段】
（1）In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials
have far less impact onsocial epidemics thanis generally supposed.
1882010年Text3
（2）In fact, they don’t seem toberequired at all.
【第四段】
（1）The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observation about social influence: With the
exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of
media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don’t
interact withthat many others.
（2）Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to thetwo-step-flow theory, are
supposedtodrivesocial epidemics, byinfluencing theirfriends and colleagues directly.
（3）★For a social epidemic tooccur, however, each person soaffected must then influence his or her
own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay
attention toeach ofthese peoplehas littletodowiththeinitial influential.
（4）If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for
example,the cascade ofchange won’t propagatevery far oraffect manypeople.
【第五段】
（1）Building on this basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of
social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a
numberof variables relating topeople’s abilitytoinfluence others andtheir tendency tobe influenced.
1892010年Text3
（2）★They found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades” —the
widespread propagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but,
rather,ofa critical mass of easily influenced people.
【题目】
31.Bycitingthe bookTheTipping Point,the authorintendsto .
[A]analyze theconsequences ofsocial epidemics
[B]discuss influentials’ functionin spreading ideas
[C]exemplifypeople's intuitiveresponse tosocial epidemics
[D]describe theessential characteristics ofinfluentials.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
32.Theauthorsuggests thatthe “two-step-flowtheory” .
[A]serves as asolutionto marketing problems
[B]has helped explaincertain prevalent trends
[C]has won support from influentials
[D]requires solidevidence for its validity
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1902010年Text3
33.Whattheresearchers haveobserved recently showsthat .
[A]thepower ofinfluence goes with social interactions
[B]interpersonal links canbe enhanced throughthe media
[C]influentials have morechannels toreachthepublic
[D]mostcelebrities enjoywidemedia attention
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
34.Theunderlinedphrase “these people” inparagraph4refers to theones who .
[A]stay outsidethenetworkof social influence
[B]have littlecontact with thesource ofinfluence
[C]are influenced and theninfluence others
[D]are influenced bythe initialinfluential
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
35.Whatisthe essential elementinthe dynamics of socialinfluence?
[A]Theeagerness tobe accepted [B]The impulsetoinfluence others
[C]The readiness tobe influenced [D]Theinclination torely onothers
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1912010年Text4
2010 Text4
文章主题：
难度系数：★★★★
【第一段】
（1）Bankers have been blamingthemselves for theirtroubles inpublic.
（2）Behindthescenes, theyhave been taking aimat someoneelse theaccounting standard-setters.
（3）Theirrules, moanthebanks,have forced them toreport enormous losses, and it’s justnot fair.
（4）These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price
managers and regulators wouldlikethem tofetch.
【第二段】
（1）Unfortunately, banks’lobbying nowseems tobe working.
（2）The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper
functioning ofcapital markets, is beingcompromised.
（3）And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will
bedifficult.
【第三段】
1922010年Text4
（1）After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) rushedthrough rule changes.
（2）These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in
recognizinglosses onlong-term assets in their incomestatements.
（3）Bob Herz,theFASB’s chairman, cried out against thosewho questionour motives.
（4）Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbyinggroup politely calls “theuse of
judgment bymanagement.”
【第四段】
（1）European ministers instantly demanded that theInternational Accounting Standards Board (IASB)
dolikewise.
（2）The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it
completes its reconstruction ofrules laterthis year isstrong.
（3）Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did not live in a political
vacuum but inthereal world and that Europecouldyet developdifferent rules.
【第五段】
（1）It was banks that were onthewrong planet, with accounts that vastlyovervalued assets.
1932010年Text4
（2）Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary
illiquidityofmarkets, not thelikely extent of baddebts.
（3）Thetruth will notbe knownfor years.
（4）But banks’ shares trade belowtheirbookvalue, suggestingthat investors are skeptical.
（5）And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of
bookinglosses, yet are reluctant tobuyall thosesupposed bargains.
【第六段】
（1）Toget thesystem working again, losses mustbe recognized and dealt with.
（2）America’s new plan tobuy uptoxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which
buyers findattractive.
（3）Successful markets require independent andeven combativestandard-setters.
（4）The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning uprules on stock options and pensions, for
example,against hostility from special interests.
1942010年Text4
（5）But bygiving intocritics nowtheyare invitingpressure tomake moreconcessions.
【题目】
36.Bankers complained thatthey were forced to .
[A]followunfavorable asset evaluation rules
[B]collect payments from third parties
[C]cooperate with theprice managers
[D]reevaluate someof theirassets.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
37.Accordingtothe author,therulechanges ofthe FASBmay resultin .
[A]thediminishing roleofmanagement
[B]therevival ofthebanking system
[C]thebanks' long-term asset losses
[D]theweakening ofits independence
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
1952010年Text4
38.AccordingtoParagraph 4,McCreevy objects to theIASB’s attempt to .
[A]keepaway from politicalinfluences.
[B]evade thepressure from theirpeers.
[C]act ontheirowninrule-setting.
[D]takegradual measures inreform.
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分析 此题可定位到第 段第 句，可同义替换为：
A
选项 B
分析 C
D
39.Theauthorthinks thebanks were “onthewrongplanet” inthatthey .
[A]misinterpreted market price indicators
[B]exaggerated thereal value oftheirassets
[C]neglected thelikely existence ofbad debts.
[D]deniedbookinglosses intheirsaleof assets.
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
40.Theauthor’sattitude towardsstandard-setters isoneof .
[A]satisfaction. [B]skepticism.
[C]objectiveness [D]sympathy
题目 定位 例证题 词汇题 推理题 态度题 细节题 中心思想题
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A
选项 B
分析 C
D
196提分小课堂——考研翻译篇
一、考研翻译不太建议手译
考研翻译是有一定技巧性的，可以通过一段时间的训练快速提分。而应部分考生要求，我
们加入了翻译题的手译页面，但认真讲，翻译并不适合手译，翻译因为其题目自身的特性，更
适合精翻法练习。
二、推荐用书及科学的复习方法
如果准备时间充足，那么翻译部分首推唐静老师，他的《拆分与组合》这本书比较权威，
是翻译部分非常好的一个辅导资料，唐静老师的《拆分与组合》，其书核心就是创造了译、查、
改、正、记的翻译练习五步法，可以帮助大家科学、有效的复习考研翻译。另外黄皮书这本书
也不错，也很适合使用。
三、翻译辅助神器——《乘风英语翻译题精翻本》！！！！
自从去年推出，受到了广泛的好评，堪称是考研翻译的不二神器！！！与市场上画横线的
翻译本不同，《乘风英语翻译本》率先引入了译、查、改、正、记的翻译练习五步法，适用于
所有想提高翻译水平的考生。
在21年英语一翻译均分 3分的情况下，去年使用翻译本的考生在英语一的翻译中普遍都拿
到了 6-8 分的好成绩，甚至还有部分考生预估拿到了 8 分以上。当然大家的努力是主要因素，
不过一份好的辅助资料也绝对不可忽视，《乘风考研英语翻译题精翻本》作为翻译真题的辅助
神器，真的特别建议大家可以用一下。
下面是《乘风考研英语翻译本》使用说明简述，购买后商品内含有更为详细的使用方法，
有购买意向的同学可以到淘宝店铺：乘风考研 进行购买。
1.练习步骤
（1）译：看英语句子，直接凭借自己当时的水平翻译，不要查任何单词、词组
或者句式，要进入一种真题的模拟考试状态。这个过程有时候很痛苦，因为很
多时候翻译的答案完全不通顺，但是这一步一定要迈出，因为只有这样，你的
水平才能逐渐提高。另外在这个步骤中，大家一定不要因为某个单词不认识去查字典或者句子
不通顺放弃翻译转而去看译文，这样做的话很难提高翻译水平。
（2）查：这一步是用来查找句子中不认识的单词、或者熟词僻义，词组等，以及查找语法书，
分析句子中的结构。
（3）改：在上面查找的基础上，对初次翻译的译文进行修改，
（4）正：这一步是用来对一下翻译的答案，可以把正确译文抄写下来，并且比对和自己改动之
后的译文的区别
（5）记：在和正确译文的比对之后，把一些值得记的知识点记下来，比如词汇、句子的结构、
翻译技巧等。
2.真题示例
03-61.Furthermore, humans have the ability //to modify the environment //in which they live,
//thus subjecting all otherlife forms totheirownpeculiar ideas and fancies.
译：而且，人类有能力改善他们所生存的环境，因此将所有其他的生活方式服从于他们独有而
特别的想法和乐趣
查：①subject to 使........服从于 ②Fancy n. 想象力、爱好 v.幻想、喜好
③Peculiar adj.特有的、罕见的 ④thus 从而=hence
改：而且，人类有能力改善他们所生存的环境，从而将所有其他的生活方式服从于他们独有而
特别的想法和想象
正：而且，人类还有能力改善自己的生存环境，从而使所有其他形态的生命服从于人类自己独
特的想法和想象
记：①life forms 可翻译为生活方式
生命形式 √ 联系上下文翻译，life forms 的上文是 all other（所
有其他的），与 humans 相对，而人类是一种生命形式，因此lifeforms 应翻译为 生命形式翻译真题手译练习
2001 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①Inlessthan30years'timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.
I--②Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual
environments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.
II--①(41) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will
disablethemwhentheyoffend.
II--②(42) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities
will beregarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will bein front of smell-television, and digital age
willhavearrived.
III--①According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first
few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically
accelerateprogressinallareasoflife.IV--①(43)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a
unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key
breakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.
IV--②Some ofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlifeexpectancy and dozens
ofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.
V--①Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.
V--②“By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully,
simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total
RecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.
V--③(44)Butthat, Pearson pointsout,is only thestartof man-machine integration:“Itwill bethebeginningof
the long process of integration that will ultimatelylead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next
century.”
VI--①Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.VI--②However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human
cloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.
VI--③Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.
VI--④A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the
arrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbe abletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriends
andthedroids.
VI--⑤(45)Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthe
breakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder—kitchenrage.2002 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and
biologicaltechnologyalone.
I--②What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which
suchatechnologymightbedrawn.
I--③(41) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to
statesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannature,andsoon.
I--④Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.
I--⑤(42)The behavioralscienceshave beenslowto changepartly becausetheexplanatory itemsoftenseem to
bedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.
I--⑥Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.
I--⑦Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.I--⑧(43)Therole of naturalselectionin evolution was formulated onlya little more than a hundredyears ago,
and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only
beginningtoberecognizedandstudied.
I--⑨As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once
assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a
technologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.
I--⑩It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are
stronglyentrenched.
I--⑪Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.
I--⑫(44)They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are
essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his
achievements.
I--⑬Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.I--⑭Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning"values."
I--⑮Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?
I--⑯(45) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it
possiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.2003 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.
I--②Humansarethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.
I--③(41)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive, thus subjectingall
otherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.
I--④Therefore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,
with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of
livingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.
II--①“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”
II--②Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.
III--①Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.III--②(42)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their
endeavorsinthesame reasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientists useforthe
studyofnaturalphenomena.
IV--①Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,psychology,andsociology.
IV--②Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.
V--①Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.
V--②Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method
inanalysis.
V--③(43)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-cultural perspective brought to the
analysisofculturespastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.
VI--①Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.
VI--②Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements
of19thcenturyscience.VI--③(44)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and
anyothercapabilitiesand habitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”
VI--④This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and
understandinghumanlife.
VI--⑤ImplicitwithinTylor'sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,andpatternedbehavior.
VII--①(45)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture," like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an
abstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.2004 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.
I--②(41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,
whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.
II--①Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.
II--②Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native
languagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.
II--③(42)Weare obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who
spokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.
II--④Other linguists in the earlier part of this century,however,whowereless eagerto dealwithbizarredata
from"exotic"language,werenotalwayssograteful.II--⑤(43) Thenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikingly different from the well studied languages of
EuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.
II--⑥NativeAmerican languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used bythe US
militaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.
III--①Sapir'spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.
III--②(44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the
structureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.
III--③He reasonedthatbecauseitis easier toformulate certainconcepts andnotothersin agivenlanguage, the
speakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.
III--④(45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that
language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching
consequencesforthecultureofasociety.III--⑤Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat
inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never
explicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.2005 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in
Europeanhistory.
I--②History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and
optimism.
I--③(46)Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed –and perhaps never
beforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.
I--④The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national
identities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.
I--⑤(47)In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring
togethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.
I--⑥OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.
II--①Clearly,only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to beabletocompeteinsucha
richandhotly-contestedmarket.II--②(48)This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact
underlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookaloss
in1989.
III--①Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate
morecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.
IV--①(49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesand traditionswhichgotomakeup
theconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice — thatofproducing
programsinEuropeforEurope.
IV--②This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to
experiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.
V--①In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate moreon co-productions, the exchange of news,
documentaryservicesandtraining.V--②This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for
Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances
necessaryforproductioncosts.
V--③(50)In dealing with a challengeon such ascale, it is no exaggeration to say,“United we stand,divided we
fall” — andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”
V--④Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.2006 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?
I--②Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.
I--③Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected
America.
I--④Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.
I--⑤They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. It is they, notAmerica, who have become
anti-intellectual.
II--①First,theobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.
II--②Whatisanintellectual?II--③(46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the
activityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底)wayaboutmoralproblems.
II--④He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then
by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and
moralinformationwhichhehasobtained.
II--⑤(47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobvious
amanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.
III--①This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for
one.
III--②(48)I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral
problems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.
III--③Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine
duties—heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.III--④(49)Buthisprimarytask is notto thinkaboutthemoralcodewhich governshis activity,anymore thana
businessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.
III--⑤Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshisethics.
IV--①The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact thatteaching has traditionally been
themethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving.
IV--②(50)They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no
independentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.
IV--③Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityeminentscholars.
IV--④Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and illustrious
thoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingelse.2007 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European
universities.
I--②However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.
I--③(46)Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers,
ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.
I--④Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of
Canadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.
II--①If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and
methodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.
II--②Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.
II--③Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.II--④(47)On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links
journalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.
II--⑤For example, notionsofevidenceandfact, of basicrights andpublic interestare atworkin theprocessof
journalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.
II--⑥Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist's
intellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.
III--①(48)But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen
restsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.
III--②Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectforjournalists.
III--③Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.
III--④(49)In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do nothave a clear grasp of the basic features of the
CanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.IV--①Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.
IV--②While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many
journalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.
IV--③(50)While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to
relyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.
IV--④Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.2008 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.
I--②Hepoints outthathealways experiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressing himself clearly andconcisely,but
(46)hebelieves thatthis very difficultymayhave hadthecompensatingadvantage offorcinghimtothinklong
and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own
observations.
I--③Hedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.
I--④(47)Heasserted,also,thathis powerto follow alongandpurelyabstracttrain ofthoughtwasvery limited,
forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.
I--⑤His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense wasit that he never could
rememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.
I--⑥(48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that,
whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerofreasoning.I--⑦This, he thought, could not be true, because the "Origin of Species" is one long argument from the
beginningtotheend,andhasconvincedmanyablemen.
I--⑧Noone,hesubmits,couldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.
I--⑨He was willing to assert that "I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as
everyfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,Ibelieve,inanyhigher degree."
I--⑩(49)He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which
easilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully."
II--①Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had
changedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.
II--②Uptotheage ofthirty orbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerly,too,pictures
hadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat,delight.
II--③In1881,however,hesaid:"NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmost
lostmytasteforpicturesormusic."II--④(50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might
possiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.2009 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets fromlivingwithothersandthe
deliberateeducatingoftheyoung.
I--②In the former casethe educationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonof
theassociation.
I--③(46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and
improvingexperience,butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.
I--④Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to
ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic
labor,forthemostpart,because of enslavement to others, etc.
I--⑤(47)Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this
effectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.
I--⑥Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual
and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives
littleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.III--②Inundevelopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittleformalteachingandtraining.
III--③These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of
associationwhichkeepstheadultsloyaltotheirgroup.2010 年英译汉试题（英语一）
I--①Onebasicweaknessin aconservationsystem basedwhollyoneconomicmotivesis thatmostmembersof
thelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.
I--②Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifits stabilitydependsonits integrity,they
areentitledtocontinuance.
II--①Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentolove it, weinvent excusesto
giveiteconomicimportance.
II--②Atthebeginningofthecenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.
II--③(46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would
eatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.
II-④Theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.
III--①Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.III--②We have no land ethic yet, (47)but we have at leastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshould
continueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.
IV--①Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.
IV-②(48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the
healthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon “worthless” species.
IV--③Hereagain,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.
IV--④It is only in recent years that we hear the more honest argument that predators are members of the
community,and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of a benefit ,real or
fancied,toitself.
V--①Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they
growtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaluetopayastimbercrops.
V--② (49)In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are
recognizedasmembersofthenativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.V--③Moreover,somehavebeenfoundtohaveavaluablefunctioninbuildingupsoilfertility.
V--④The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species,ground flora,and fauna is taken for
granted.
VI--①Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.
VI--②(50)It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack
commercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.
VI--③ It assumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic
parts.
