文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．tobacco n．烟草；烟叶
2．cue n．提示；暗示；信号 vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)
3．facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
4．escalator n．自动扶梯；滚梯
5．surgeon n．外科医生
6．surgery n．外科手术；外科学
7．liberation n．解放；摆脱
8．beard n．胡须；络腮胡子
9．flu n．流感
10．nut n．坚果
11．skateboard n．滑板 vi.滑滑板
12．bowling n．保龄球运动
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
2．dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
3．negative adj.消极的；有害的；否定的
4．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
5．pill n．药片；药丸
6．delete v．删去；删除
7．shave vi.，vt.& n．剃(须发)；刮脸
8．cigarette n．香烟；卷烟
9．drug n．毒品；药物
10．skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳11．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的
12．stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激
13．dentist n．牙科医生
14．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
15．comedy n．喜剧；喜剧片；滑稽节目
16．monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n．月刊
17．enhance vt.提高；增强；增进
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n．酗酒者
2．physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的→physically adv.身体上；肉体上
3．repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复→repeated adj.重复的→repetition n．重复
4．psychology n．心理学；心理；心理影响→psychological adj.心理(学)的→psychologist
n．心理学家
5．reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬→rewarding adj.有益的；有意义
的；报酬高的
6．rely vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
7．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查
8．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观主义
9．compose vt.& vi.组成；作曲；撰写→composition n．组成；作曲；作文→composer n．
作曲家
10．disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
11．specialist n．专科医生；专家→special adj.特别的；专门的→specially adv.特别地；专
门→specialize vt.专门研究；专门从事
12．consultant n．顾问；高级顾问医师→consult vt.& vi.请教；咨询 vt.查阅；参看
13．sugary adj.含糖的；甜的→sugar n．糖
14．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshment n．焕
发精神；恢复活力
15．absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的
1．pass oneself off as假装；装作
2．spark /spɑːk/ vt.引发；激发 n．火花；活力
3．amid /ə'mId/ prep.在……中
4．shiver /'ʃIvə(r)/ vi.颤抖；发抖
5．groan /ɡrəʊn/ n．呻吟；低沉的声响 vi.& vt.呻吟
6．doom /duːm/ n．厄运；毁灭 vt.注定(失败、毁灭等)7．tremble /'trembl/ vi.颤抖；担惊受怕
8．weariness /'wIərInIs/ n．厌倦；筋疲力尽
9．twist /twIst/ vi.& vt.缠绕；旋转；扭曲
10．pierce /pIəs/ vt.& vi.刺入；刺穿；穿透
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．in response to回答；答复
2．rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖
3．straight away立即；马上
4．decide on/upon决定；选定
5．make up one’s mind下定决心
6．be composed of由……组成(或构成)的
7．shave off剃掉；刮去
8．stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁
9．worn out筋疲力尽的；疲惫的
10．after all毕竟；终究
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.(不定
式作主语)
防止此类有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的。
2．For young people，there is plenty of time to change bad habits.(There be＋n.＋to do...)
对于年轻人来说，有大量的时间来改变不良习惯。
3．You have the power to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits！(形容词短语作后
置定语)
你有能力构建一种充满良好习惯的快乐、健康的生活！
4．Whenever I went out with friends，I brought snacks from home，things that didn’t have
any added sugar: fruit，nuts，dried meat，etc.(whenever引导的让步状语从句)
每次和朋友们出去时，我都会从家里带些零食，这些零食没有添加任何糖分：水果、坚果、
肉干等。
5．Best of all，in my opinion，is how I feel about myself.(how引导的表语从句)
在我看来，最棒的是我对自己的感觉。
6．I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and get to meet new
friends.(get＋过去分词)
通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开始结识新朋友。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)
1．surgery n．外科手术；外科学
2．cue n．提示；暗示；信号 vt. 给 ( 某人 ) 暗示 ( 或提示 )
3．facilitate vt.促进；促使；使便利
4．flu n．流感
5．liberation n．解放；摆脱
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．abuse n．滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
2．dominate vt.& vi.支配；控制；占有优势
3．stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激
4．discipline n．自制力；纪律；学科 vt.自我控制；管教；处罚
5．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的
6．skip vt.跳过；不参加；悄悄溜走 vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳 n．蹦跳
7．enhance vt.提高；增强；增进
8．monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的 n．月刊
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)
1．alcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.(含)酒精的 n．酗酒者
2．repeatedly adv.重复地→repeat vt.重复→repeated adj.重复的→repetition n．重复
3．examine vt.(仔细)检查；审查；测验→examination n．考试(＝exam)；检查；审查
4．pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的→pessimism n．悲观主义
5．refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新→refreshing adj.令人振奋的→refreshment n．焕发
精神；恢复活力
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．pass oneself off as假装；装作
2．shiver vi.颤抖；发抖
3．weariness n．厌倦；筋疲力尽
4．doom n．厄运；毁灭 vt.注定(失败、毁灭等)
5．tremble vi.颤抖；担惊受怕
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．stressed out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁
2．after all 毕竟；终究
3．straight away 立即；马上
4．shave off 剃掉；刮去
5． make up one ’ s mind 下定决心Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2分，共20分)
1．Those who have a good knowledge of psychology are called psychologists，who can handle
psychological problems with ease.(psychology)
2．You will be rewarded with a Chinese dictionary for your rewarding suggestions on how to
strengthen my confidence.(reward)
3．His new composition that he composed last week attracted lots of attention，which was
beyond our expectations.(compose)
4．What made me annoyed was that the disturbing noise outside completely disturbed my mind.
(disturb)
5．The welcome party is specially held for the specialist who specializes in surgery.(special)
6．People must turn to experienced consultants for help to consult on some professional
problems.(consult)
7．Although I am absorbed in all the materials，I still have difficulty absorbing them all at once.
(absorb)
8．He regards me as his reliable friend and relies on me to offer him some good advice.(rely)
9．Don’t consume so many sugary foods because too much sugar is harmful to our health.
(sugar)
10．To keep physically healthy，you should participate in more physical activities.(physical)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共18分)
1．Now that you have made up your mind to overcome your shortcomings，take action now.
2．In response to the audience’s great demands，the play will be put on in the theatre twice a
week.
3．He always relies on his best friend to help him solve whatever difficulties he comes across in
his daily life.
4．As a matter of fact，these birds are in danger of being worn out by singing too much on a daily
basis.
5．Whatever you want to learn，deciding on your goal before you make a plan is the most
important.
6．Whoever knows what water is composed of can raise your hand and tell me your answer.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)
1．爱与被爱是这个世界上最大的幸福。(不定式作主语)
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
2．我的新学校有许多要探索的东西，因此，我怀着极大的好奇心到处闲逛。(There be＋n.
＋to do...)There are a lot of things to explore in my new school，so I wander around with great curiosity.
3．任何对唐诗感兴趣的学生都可以报名参加这门旨在提高学生对唐诗的理解的选修课程。
(形容词短语作后置定语)
Any student interested in Tang poems can sign up for the optional course designed to enhance
students’ understanding of Tang poetry.
4．无论何时他看到我，他都会以灿烂的笑容和我打招呼。(whenever引导的让步状语从句)
Whenever he sees me，he will greet me with a bright smile.
5．现在最紧迫的问题是我们如何才能摆脱我们内心深处的恐惧以及如何克服目前的挑战。
(how引导的表语从句)
Now the most urgent problem is how we can get rid of fear in our deep heart and how we
overcome present challenges.
When I saw some students 1.dominated(dominate) by alcohol，tobacco or drugs，I
made up my mind to help them “delete” these bad habits.To facilitate a positive change was
the reason 2.why I set up a team which was composed of surgeons ， specialists in
psychology，consultants and dentists，who would regularly deliver speeches to enhance these
students’ 3.awareness(aware) of physical health.Students were 4.repeatedly(repeat) informed of
some tips on how to get out of a pessimistic or negative state，how to stay dynamic 5.and
how to get refreshed when they were stressed out or worn out.To these students,6.to be
examined(examine) on a monthly basis was necessary.They were also advised to participate in
bowling matches，go skateboarding or go to see a comedy to stimulate their enthusiasm in
life.Students 7.were given(give) sugary cookies or nuts straight away if they felt dizzy or got
the flu.Through these activities，most students decided on changing their bad habits in reward
8. for our help.They would rely on self-discipline to govern themselves and could be absorbed
in studying instead of 9.skipping(skip) classes.They promised to behave 10.themselves(they) in
response to our patient guidance.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；有意义
的)
·give/offer a reward to sb for (doing)sth 为(做)某事而给某人报酬
in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报、奖赏
·reward sb with sth for (doing) sth 为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人
(1)I will reward you with an electric bike for helping me get rid of tobacco abuse.(2)Last week，we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture，
which turned out to be extremely rewarding(reward)．
(3)她眼里噙着感激的泪水，坚持要给我们一大笔钱作为对我们及时帮助的奖励。(读后续写
之感激心情描写)
Tears of gratitude shining in her eyes，she insisted on offering us a lot of money in reward for our
timely help.
absorb vt.吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注；吸收(absorbed adj.专心致志的；全神贯注的)
absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in全神贯注于……
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
(1)He nodded absently，his attention absorbed(absorb) by the computer screen.
(2)As we all know，plants can absorb nutrients from the soil around them.
(3)我全神贯注于那个项目，经常忘了吃饭或睡觉。(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)
①I absorbed myself in/was absorbed in that project，and I frequently forgot about eating or
sleeping.
②Absorbed in that project，I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.(用形容词短语作状语改
写)
③Absorbing myself in that project，I frequently forgot about eating or sleeping.(用现在分词短语
作状语改写)
rely on/upon依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的)
rely/depend/count on/upon sb/sth指望/依靠某人/某事
rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事
rely on/upon it that...相信……；指望……
(1)You can rely on the responsible consultant to help(help) you out ， because he is a
reliable(rely) person.
(2)我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。
(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)
①I respect my uncle most because I can rely on /upon him to offer me some practical suggestions
whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon sb to do sth)
②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on /upon it that he can offer me some practical
suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on/upon it that...)
make up one’s mind下定决心
change one’s mind改变主意bear/keep...in mind(bear/keep in mind that...)将……记在心中
come to one’s mind某事出现在脑海，被突然记起
fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于……
mind one’s own business别管闲事
(1)一旦他下定决心，什么都不能改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情直到实现
目标。
Once he has made up his mind，nothing can change his mind.He will fix his mind on/upon what
he is doing until he achieves his goal.
(2)首先，记住你最好按时或者比约定的时间早一些。
First of all，bear/keep in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the
appointed time.
(3)这个凶神恶煞的人冲我大吼道：“别管闲事。”突然，一个可怕的念头出现在我的脑海
里，我感觉体内的血液迅速凝固起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
The fierce-looking man screamed at me，“Mind your own business.” Suddenly，a terrible
thought came to my mind and I felt that the blood in my body froze rapidly.
stressed out 心力交瘁；焦虑不安(stressed adj.焦虑不安的 stress n．压力 vt.强调
stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的)
under stress在压力之下
lay/place/put stress on/upon...强调……
(1)Faced with the stressful situation，he felt extremely stressed out，which accounted for his
alcohol abuse.(stress)
(2)知道你最近压力很大，我写信给你一些缓解压力的建议。正如我们所强调的，放松的心
态对我们的生活和工作都至关重要，所以我们再怎么强调良好心理健康的重要性都不为过。
Knowing that you have been under great stress recently，I am writing to give you some advice to
relieve your stress.As has been stressed，a relaxed mind is of vital significance to both our life and
work，so we can ’ t lay /place/ put stress on/upon the importance of good mental health too much.
get＋过去分词 I get refreshed through climbing，spend more time with my dad，and
get to meet new friends.通过攀岩，我重新焕发了活力，花更多的时间和爸爸在一起，并开
始结识新朋友。
·本句中的get refreshed是get done结构，表示被动或变化。
·常见的get done结构：
get broken破了 get lost迷路
get punished受到惩罚 get hurt受到伤害get admitted被录取 get married结婚
get annoyed生气 get excited激动
get separated被分开
(1)汤姆结婚了，他的父母很激动，脸上洋溢着满意的笑容。(读后续写之喜悦心理描写)
Tom got married and his parents got excited，with their faces expanding with a satisfied smile.
(2)他贵重的花瓶被打碎了，他非常生气，双手不受控制地颤抖。 无论谁打破花瓶都将受到
惩罚。(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)
His valuable vase got broken and he got annoyed so much that his hands trembled
uncontrollably.Whoever broke the vase would get punished.
(3)丈夫的话伤害了她，因此，她和丈夫分开了。在陌生的树林里摸索前行了很长时间后，
简意识到她迷路了，这吓得她大哭起来。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
Jane got hurt by what her husband said，so she got separated from her husband.Having felt her
way in the unfamiliar forest for a long time，Jane was conscious that she got lost，panicking her
into crying.
用法点拨 和“be＋过去分词”一样，“get＋过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。
用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．absorb
A.吸收 B.理解，掌握 C.吸引，使专心 D.吞并
(1)One hectare of forest can absorb 23 tons of carbon dioxide per year. A
(2)In fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)
B
(3)Most small shops have been absorbed into big businesses due to the influence of the global
financial crisis. D
(4)The lecture completely absorbed the attention of the audience. C
2．skip
A.vt.不参加，不做 B.vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走 C.vi.& vt.略过 D.vt.悄悄溜走 E.vi.突然转换/转
移话题
(1)She kept skipping from one topic of conversation to another. E
(2)The mother watched her little daughter skip down the path. B
(3)Her daughter started skipping school，which made her explode with anger. A(4)The boy skipped from the meeting room without being noticed. D
(5)Before one of these workouts，the men skipped breakfast，meaning that they exercised on a
completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食)．(2020·江苏) C
3．discipline
(1)It takes a lot of discipline to go jogging in winter. B
(2)The school has a reputation for high standards of discipline. A
(3)The workman was disciplined by his company but not dismissed. D
(4)The discipline of studying music can help children develop good work habits and improve self-
esteem. C
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once.符合自然法则的
(2)The crisis had a negative effect on trade.不良的；有害的
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1 ． I guarantee you that if you take exercise on a regular basis ， you can keep
physically(physical) healthy.
2．Whenever some troublesome problems emerged，I would rely on/upon him to give me a
hand.
3．I would like to invite you to the exhibition in reward for your timely and generous help
during my stay in Beijing.
4．Some people even pessimistically(pessimistic) think that in general the trend of people’s
health is declining.
5．The sales representative was fond of the book and decided on/upon buying it straight
away.
6．The musical festival was worthy of being seen and it was composed of many appealing
programs.
7．After the college entrance examination(examine)，I intend to work as a volunteer in the
summer vacation，doing some meaningful work.
8．Hungry and worn(wear) out，the sculptor lay down on the ground，wondering what to do
next.
9．Absorbed(absorb) in creating realistic paintings，he has gained a high reputation at home
and abroad.
10．The depressed representative got refreshed(refresh) after he ran around the school playground
for half an hour.为了使学生提高健康意识，拥有积极健康的校园生活，校英文报现正以此为主题举行征
文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1．提高健康意识的必要性；
2．提出相关建议。
完成句子
1．众所周知，良好的身体包括身体健康和心理健康，两者都是美好生活的基础。(be
composed of)
2．为了提高学生的健康意识并使他们保持活力，我们应该保持健康的生活方式。
(facilitate；dynamic)
3．我认为为了实现健康目标，学校应该举办各种课外活动，以利于学生的身心健康。(in
response to)
4．对我们学生来说，虽然每天有大量的家庭作业要做，但我们也应该抽出一些时间做运动
来锻炼身体。(there is＋n.＋to do...)
5．特别是那些总是专心于学习的人，更应该下定决心每天锻炼，这样他们才能精神抖擞，
提高学习效率。(absorb；形容词短语作定语；make up one’s mind；get＋过去分词)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
As is known to all，good health is composed of physical health and mental health，both of
which are the basis of a good life.
To facilitate students’ awareness of health and make them keep dynamic，we should keep a
healthy lifestyle.As far as I’m concerned，in response to the health goal，schools should hold
varieties of out-of-class activities for the benefit of students’ physical and mental health.For us
students，though there is a large amount of homework to do every day，we should also spare
some time to do exercise to get into the shape.Those always deeply absorbed in study especially
should make up their minds to work out every day，so that they can get refreshed and improve
their learning efficiency.
Just as a famous saying goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” With joint efforts，
students will end up with a healthy and active school life.教材语料整合
[情感描写] negative；pessimistic；decide on；make up one’s mind；disturb v．
→disturbed adj.；dynamic；stressed out；worn out
亮词
[动作描写] abuse；dominate；rely on；examine；shave off；skip；stimulate；
enhance；refresh；absorb
1.If we are not successful straight away，we often become pessimistic and give up.(情
感描写)
2.As the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote，“A journey of a thousand miles begins
with a single step.”(主旨升华)
3.I often felt sleepy and dizzy，and lacked passion.(情感描写)
美句
4.Other times I jumped on my skateboard and rode around my neighbourhood，or just
took a long walk.(动作描写)
5.After starting high school，I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer
games.(情感描写)
6.As Gandhi said，“Be the change you want to see in the world.”(主旨升华)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“腿动”
单词 drag v．拖着(受伤的腿或脚)行走；kneel v．跪；crawl v．爬；slip v．滑倒
shaky/trembling legs颤抖的双腿；with one’s legs wide apart双腿叉开；cross
词块
one’s legs 盘腿；drag one’s legs拖着腿行走；get down on one knee单膝下跪
1.Upon hearing this I became overwhelmed by happiness and fell to my knees.听了
这话，我高兴极了，跪了下来。
2.Jenny walked slowly to the front，with her legs trembling and her heart beating
faster.珍妮慢慢地走到讲台，两腿发抖，心跳加速。
3.With a sinking heart，he dragged his heavy legs back home，worn out.他垂头
丧气，拖着两条沉重的腿，疲惫不堪地回了家。
4.His feet slipped，and he fell over，flat on his back with his legs wide apart.他
句型 脚下一滑仰面朝天摔倒在地，两腿叉开。
5.Jill crossed her legs and rested her chin on one fist，as if lost in deep thought.吉
尔盘着腿，一个拳头支着下巴，仿佛陷入了沉思。
6.She was so frightened that she climbed down the path as quickly as her shaking
legs could manage.
她这下可吓坏了，赶紧拖着颤抖的双腿用最快的速度冲下小路。
7.Overwhelmed by terror，he stood rooted to the ground and felt his knees as
weak as rubber.他惊恐万分，站在原地，双膝发软如同橡胶一般。语料运用 健康的生活方式
①Having been extremely stressed out recently(分词短语作状语)，Tom decided on jogging
to relieve his stress.This morning，he was jogging in the park as usual.Though feeling a little
dizzy，he ②made up his mind to finish the last two laps.Soon，③he felt his knees as weak as
rubber，his feet slipped，and he fell over，flat on his back ④with his legs wide apart(with复合
结构)．Embarrassed and ached，he struggled to ⑤get up on one of his knees，but failed.He had
to sit on the ground for a while，⑥ crossing his legs(分词短语作状语)．Minutes later，he
seemed to ⑦have got a little refreshed，rose to his feet slowly and ⑧dragged his heavy legs back
home，worn out.Meanwhile，he promised to himself that he wouldn’t skip any breakfast and he
would keep a balance between work and life from then on.
汤姆最近压力很大，决定慢跑来缓解压力。今天早上，他像往常一样在公园里慢跑。尽
管感觉有点头晕，他还是下定决心跑完最后两圈。很快，他感到膝盖像橡胶一样虚弱，双脚
打滑，摔倒了，平躺在地，双腿张开。既尴尬又疼痛，他挣扎着用一个膝盖站起来，但没有
成功。他不得不在地上盘腿坐了一会儿。几分钟后，他似乎恢复了点精力，慢慢地站起来，
拖着沉重的腿回家，疲惫不堪。同时他向自己承诺，他不会再不吃早餐了，从那以后，他将
在工作和生活之间保持平衡。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A★
Eating ultra-processed(超加工的) foods for more than 20% of your daily calorie intake every
day can set you on the road to cognitive(认知的) decline，according to a new study.Previous
studies have found they can raise the risk of having obesity，heart and circulation problems，
diabetes and cancer.They may even shorten our lives.Now，the new study has revealed eating
more ultra-processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline，including the areas of the
brain involved in executive(决策的) functioning—the ability to process information and make
decisions.
In fact，men and women who ate the most ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of
global cognitive decline and a 25% faster rate of executive function decline compared with people
who ate the least amount of overly processed food，the new study found.“While in need of
further study and replication，the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role
for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as
we get older，” said Tanzi，a Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School.He was not
involved in the study.The study，presented on August 1 at the 2022 Alzheimer’s Association International
Conference in San Diego，followed over 10,000 Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10
years.Just over half of the study participants were women.
Cognitive testing，which included immediate and delayed word recall，word recognition and
verbal fluency，were performed at the beginning and end of the study，and the participants were
inquired about their diet.“In Brazil，ultra-processed foods make up 25% to 30% of the total
calorie intake.We eat a lot of hamburgers，chocolate and white bread.It’s not very different，
unfortunately，from many other western countries，” said co-author Dr.Claudia Suemoto，an
assistant professor.
Ultra-processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances(oils，
fats，sugars，starch，and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically
include flavorings，colorings and other chemical additives”，according to the study.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明每天摄入过多超加工食品会使
人的认知能力下降。
1．What is Tanzi’s attitude towards the new study?
A．Objective. B．Doubtful.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据第二段中 Tanzi 说的话“While in need of further study and
replication，the new results are quite convincing and emphasize the critical role for proper
nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases as we get
older”可知，Tanzi认为这项新研究有说服力，但还需要进一步研究和反复论证，说明他持
客观的态度。故选A项。
2．What can we know about the new study?
A．Its participants were over 50 years old.
B．It followed the participants for a period of time.
C．It proved men had a faster rate of cognitive decline than women.
D．It first found ultra-processed foods could raise the risk of obesity.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study，presented on August 1 at the 2022
Alzheimer’s Association International Conference in San Diego ， followed over 10,000
Brazilians whose average age was 51 for up to 10 years.”可知，这项研究对参与者进行了一段
时间的跟踪调查。故选B项。
3．What were the participants asked to do in the study?
A．Eat their favorite foods.B．Introduce their daily routine.
C．Enhance their verbal fluency.
D．Take a series of cognitive tests.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cognitive testing，which included immediate and delayed
word recall，word recognition and verbal fluency，were performed at the beginning and end of
the study，and the participants were inquired about their diet.”可知，研究中要求参与者做一系
列的认知测试。故选D项。
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．The Substances of Ultra-processed Foods
B．The Appropriate Intake of Ultra-processed Foods
C．Cognitive Decline Linked to Ultra-processed Foods
D．Ultra-processed Foods Causing Executive Functioning Loss
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合第一段中“Eating ultra-processed(超加工的) foods for
more than 20% of your daily calorie intake every day can set you on the road to cognitive(认知的)
decline，according to a new study.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究表明每天摄入过多
超加工食品会使人的认知能力下降，全文都围绕这一主题展开。故选C项。
B
(2024·广东广州模拟)
Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to fit their needs.Known as
nature’s engineers，they tear trees down to build homes to live in and dams to raise water levels
for protection from enemies.Dams also slow water’s flow while blocking sediment(沉积物) that
would otherwise flow downstream.The resulting wetlands often attract wildlife diversity where
none had existed.There are challenges，though.Beaver dams sometimes cause flooding，and most
people prefer trees alive and upright.
Communities face a delicate balancing act，learning to coexist with beavers.Last winter，
many people enjoying Winston Path became beaver fans as one furry family transformed Swallow
Pond into an oasis for birds，frogs，turtles and deer.
Yet such activity caused concern.As beavers worked，they raised water levels about five
feet.The increased depth allows beavers to survive underwater if the pond ices over.But county
officials were concerned about how higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston
Path.
To find a good balance between protecting the path and the beavers，the county introduced
a“beaver baffle”—a pond leveler.Beavers often rush to fill holes in their dams.Baffles stabilize
water levels by creating a hidden exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by thebeavers.
People love the beavers but they also love the mature trees.Recently，Catherine Jones,18，
organized a tree-caging event—putting wire cloth around large tree trunks to discourage beavers
from biting them.It also protects people from injury due to random trees falling.“We cover the
trees we don’t want them to eat ， while planting periodically others they like ， ” said
Jones.“We need to learn to give up a little of our wants to share the Earth’s resources.”
Swallow Pond’s 2023 project will restore proper water depth and improve wildlife habitat
without creating problems for the path.The balancing act continues.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海狸的活动对其栖息地产生的正向和负向的两
种影响，Swallow Pond’s 2023 项目旨在达到人与海狸和谐共存。
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Where beavers’ favorite surroundings are.
B．What effects beavers have on their habitat.
C．Why beavers are called nature’s engineers.
D．How beavers help attract wildlife diversity.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段“Beavers(海狸)，like humans，change their surroundings to
fit their needs.Known as...”可知，第一段主要讲海狸对它们的栖息地造成的影响。故选B。
6．Why did the beaver family’s activity cause concern?
A．Swallow Pond would flood often.
B．Sediment would flow downstream.
C．The popular path might be damaged.
D．Beavers might have to live underwater.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But county officials were concerned about how
higher water would affect the soil bank supporting Winston Path.”可知，海狸家族的活动之所
以会引起担忧是因为受欢迎的小路可能会被破坏。故选C。
7．What do the underlined words “beaver baffle” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．A block to keep beavers away.
B．A tool to fix holes in the dams.
C．A device to maintain water level.
D．A material to protect the soil bank.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句“Baffles stabilize water levels by creating a hidden
exit for high water to escape through the dam，unnoticed by the beavers.”可推知，画线的单词beaver baffle应该指的是一个维持水位的装置。故选C。
8．What is the theme of Swallow Pond’s 2023 project?
A．Biological diversity.
B．Harmonious coexistence.
C．Prevention of natural disasters.
D．Preservation of wildlife habitat.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Swallow Pond’s 2023 project will restore proper water
depth and improve wildlife habitat without creating problems for the path.The balancing act
continues.”可推知，燕子塘2023年项目的主题是和谐共存。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空
On the night of the speech contest，I was worried about the shy girl.My heart 1 when I
knew the boy on stage previous to her， 2 ，was fairly successful with his humor and personal
style.The whole audience burst out a wave of 3 almost every 30 seconds.
My palms(手掌) began to 4 .It was the first time that she had been on the stage，so I
couldn’t blame her for any 5 .The strong spotlight made her so insignificant that nobody 6
she had been on the stage.
But the moment that 7 me occurred.I clearly heard a 8 voice，“Now，your 9
，please！” The whole audience fell quiet.Small and thin as the girl appeared，the 10 look
on her face instantly caught everyone’s eyes.Then her speech was on ，logical and well-
organized.Words of power 11 freely out of the girl like magic.When her speech 12 ，a
thunderous applause sounded from the audience.When the competition was concluding，all of us
waited 13 for the winner’s name to be called.Tears of joy 14 my vision when the host
announced she won first prize.Holding the medal tightly，she gave me a brilliant smile.I 15
her into my arms，too excited to say any words.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了害羞的小女孩第一次上台演讲，作者非常担心，
结果令他非常震惊，小女孩非常坚定并表演成功，获得第一名，这让作者感到非常激动。
1．A.beat B．sank
C．lost D．broke
答案 B
解析 根据上文“On the night of the speech contest，I was worried about the shy girl.”可知作
者更担心了，所以心沉了下去，故选B。
2．A.sure enough B．worse still
C．above all D．in addition
答案 A解析 根据“was fairly successful with his humor and personal style”可知小男孩的演讲的确
优秀，故选A。
3．A.crying B．warning
C．clapping D．screaming
答案 C
解析 根据上文“when I knew the boy on stage previous to her， ，was fairly successful
with his humor and personal style”可知小男孩的演讲很精彩，观众爆发出阵阵掌声，故选
C。
4．A.sweat B．tremble
C．change D．turn
答案 A
解析 根据下文“It was the first time that she had been on the stage”可知小女孩第一次上台，
作者很担心，所以手掌开始出汗，故选A。
5．A.try B．pose
C．guess D．slip
答案 D
解析 根据上文“It was the first time that she had been on the stage”可知这是她的第一次登台，
所以作者不能因为任何差错责怪她，故选D。
6．A.thought B．admitted
C．ignored D．noticed
答案 D
解析 根据上文“The strong spotlight made her so insignificant”可知，聚光灯太亮，使小女
孩显得无足轻重，所以没人注意到她，故选D。
7．A.confused B．interested
C．surprised D．challenged
答案 C
解析 根据下文“Then her speech was on，logical and well-organized.”可知小女孩的演讲很
成功，所以让作者感到惊讶，故选C。
8．A.loud B．weak
C．tight D．low
答案 A
解析 根据上文“I clearly heard”可知声音响亮，故选A。
9．A.support B．attention
C．vote D．silence
答案 B解析 根据下文“The whole audience fell quiet.”可知这里应该是主持人让大家注意听，故
选B。
10．A.determined B．puzzled
C．relaxed D．bored
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Small and thin as the girl appeared”可知小女孩虽然看起来又小又瘦，但脸
上的表情是坚定的，故选A。
11．A.crowded B．hurried
C．bounced D．flowed
答案 D
解析 根据下文“freely out of the girl like magic”可知应是自由地流出，故选D。
12．A.started B．ended
C．progressed D．rested
答案 B
解析 根据下文“a thunderous applause sounded from the audience”和常识可知小女孩演讲结
束时，观众席响起了雷鸣般的掌声，故选B。
13．A.sincerely B．easily
C．wildly D．eagerly
答案 D
解析 根据下文“for the winner’s name to be called”可知比赛结束时，大家都急切地等待
着主持人宣布获胜者的名字，故选D。
14．A.misted B．hid
C．prevented D．shaded
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Tears of joy”可知，泪水模糊了作者的视线，故选A。
15．A.pushed B．threw
C．pulled D．lifted
答案 C
解析 根据下文“her into my arms”可知，作者把小女孩拉进怀里，故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
It’s easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate.Between work
1.___________________(responsibility) and personal obligations，life can get stressful.It’s even
2. (bad) when you forget something important.By creating organized to-do lists，you
can prioritize the things you need to do，keep track of 3. still needs to be
completed，and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life.List all of the tasks that you need 4. (accomplish)．These can range from
“finish the presentation for work next week” 5. “find a present for Mom’s
birthday next month”．Then sort your master list into categories.By creating separate lists，you
can 6. (complete) focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at
7.___________________ time.Next，make your list aesthetically-pleasing(赏心悦目的)．This
may sound superficial and 8. (necessary)，but it really can help change the way you
look at your to-do list.
Make your to-do lists for the current day only.Keep it simple! This will help you organize your
tasks in order of priority，and you won’t feel overwhelmed while 9. (look) ahead
at tasks for tomorrow ， next week ， or next month.Be realistic about what can 10.
(finish) in 24 hours.Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things，and maybe even less
than five.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。当你有很多事情要做的时候，你很容易不知所措。文章介绍
了处理这种境况的方法。
1．答案 responsibilities
解析 考查名词的复数。responsibility为可数名词，根据and后面的obligations可知，此处
用名词复数。故填responsibilities。
2．答案 worse
解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的 even可知，此处用形容词 bad的比较级形式
worse。故填worse。
3．答案 what
解析 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词of后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词和主语，所填词
起双重作用，连接代词what符合句意。故填what。
4．答案 to accomplish
解析 考查动词不定式作宾语。动词need后面跟动词不定式作宾语。故填to accomplish。
5．答案 to
解析 考查介词。固定搭配：range from...to...，意为“从……到……变动，从……到……范
围”。故填to。
6．答案 completely
解析 考查副词。 focus是动词，应用副词修饰。故填completely。
7．答案 a
解析 考查不定冠词。固定短语：at a time意为“一次，每次”。故填a。
8．答案 unnecessary
解析 考查形容词作表语。句中sound是连系动词，后跟形容词作表语，结合句意可知应用necessary的否定形式unnecessary。故填unnecessary。
9．答案 looking
解析 考查现在分词作状语。 句子主语you和动词look之间是主动关系，用现在分词作时
间状语。故填looking。
10．答案 be finished
解析 考查含情态动词的被动语态。该句含what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语，
和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be finished。
