文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．graph n．图；图表；曲线图
2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．seal n．海豹
4．methane n．甲烷；沼气
5．dioxide n．二氧化物
6．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
7．habitable adj.适合居住的
8．fossil n．化石
9．fossil fuel化石燃料(如煤或石油)
10．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
11．footprint n．足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
12．basin n．流域；盆地；盆
13．penguin n．企鹅
14．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行
15．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
16．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
17．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的
18．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林
19．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
20．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
21．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷
22．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业
23．regulation n．章程；规章制度
24．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
25．waterway n．水道；航道26．agenda n．议程表；议事日程
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．melt vi.& vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
2．ecology n．生态；生态学
3．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
4．carbon n．碳
5．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 vt.加强；刺激
6．comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的
7．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向
8．broadcast vt.& vi.(broadcast，broadcast)播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目
9．policy n．政策；方针；原则
10．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
11．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良
12．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等)
13．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴
14．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱
15．garbage n．垃圾；废物
16．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
17．dozen n．(一)打；十二个
18．fine vt.对……处以罚款
19．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死
2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3．frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequent adj.频繁的→frequency n．频繁；频率
4．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.
限制性的；约束性的
5．harmonious adj.和谐的→harmony n．和谐→harmoniously adv.和谐地
6．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服
7．sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sense n．意
义；感官 vt.感觉到；察觉到
8．conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约
9．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；督察员
10．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．容忍
1．clash /klæʃ/ n．撞击声；冲突 vi.发出撞击声；冲突
2．alert /ə'lɜːt/ vt.使警惕；使戒备 adj.警惕的；戒备的
3．furious /'fjʊəriəs/ adj.猛烈的；狂怒的
4．scatter /'skætə(r)/ vt.& vi.撒；散开
5．penetrate /'penətreIt/ vt.& vi.打入；进入；穿透
6．tragedy /'trædʒədi/ n．悲剧；不幸
7．utterly /'ʌtəli/ adv.彻底地；完全地
8．plead /pliːd/ vi.& vt.恳求；认(罪)
9．clutch /klʌtʃ/ vi.& vt.猛地抓住；紧握
10．quiver /'kwIvə(r)/ n．箭筒；轻微的颤抖 vi.颤抖；哆嗦
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
2．dozens of 许多；很多
3．have an impact on对……有影响
4．lead to导致
5．cause damage to对……造成损害
6．take measures采取措施
7．deal with处理
8．a number of许多
9．carry out履行；执行
10．in effect在实施中；实际上
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer(see the graph)．(There is little
doubt that...毫无疑问……)
毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越温暖(如图)。
2．Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not
hunt seals as before，so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food.(过去分词短语作后
置定语)
专家声称，气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹，因此它不得
不走更远的距离去寻找食物。
3．The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the
atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation.(that引导的同位语从句)“天然”温室效应指的是来自太阳的热量以短波辐射的形式进入大气层，使地表变暖。
4．Without this process，Earth could not sustain life.(含蓄虚拟条件句)
如果没有这个过程，地球就无法维系生命。
5．When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels，
more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise
quickly.(when引导的时间状语从句)
当人类由于燃烧化石燃料产生了大量额外的温室气体时，更多的热能被困在大气层中，导致
地表温度迅速上升。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中
2．emission n．排放物；散发物；排放
3．disposal n．去掉；清除；处理
4．agenda n．议程表；议事日程
5．habitable adj.适合居住的
6．fossil n．化石
7．worldwide adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
8．footprint n． 足迹； ( 某物所占的 ) 空间量；面积
9．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的
10．originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
2．release vt.& n．排放；释放；发布
3．undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
4．fuel n．燃料；刺激性言行 vt.加强；刺激
5．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
6．trend n．趋势；趋向；动向
7．broadcast vt.& vi.播送；广播；传播 n．广播节目；电视节目
8．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动
9．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴
10．reform vt.& vi.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)
1．starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死2．sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3．restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n．限制规定；限制法规；约束→restrictive adj.
限制性的；约束性的
4．inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察；检阅→inspector n．检察员；
督察员
5．conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．alert vt.使警惕；使戒备 adj.警惕的；戒备的
2．scatter vt.& vi.撒；散开
3．tragedy n．悲剧；不幸
4．utterly adv.彻底地；完全地
5．quiver n．箭筒；轻微的颤抖 vi.颤抖；哆嗦
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．on behalf of 代表(代替)某人
2．have an impact on 对 …… 有影响
3．cause damage to 对……造成损害
4．in effect在实施中；实际上
5．a number of 许多
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．As is known to us all，a harmonious society means that human beings can live in harmony
with each other.(harmony)
2．I sensed that he was very sensitive to what others said and he couldn’t make sensible
choices.(sense)
3．I couldn’t tolerate your behavior any longer.That is，I couldn’t be tolerant of how you
behaved and my tolerance was used up.(tolerate)
4．My sister used to come back from abroad at a low frequency，about which my mother feels
annoyed.But now she comes back frequently.(frequent)
5．Have you submitted your proposals？Do keep in mind that the final date for the submission is
May 15.(submit)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．As is known to us all，success lies in hard work while laziness leads to failure.
2．Taking measures to protect endangered animals is what we must do now.3．The smart girl is accustomed to dealing with all kinds of people in her present occupation.
4．There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy was carried out.
5．The hurricane blew away dozens of farming villages and brought down thousands of trees.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)
1．毫无疑问，人类被火星吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二个家园。
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams of making it our second
home.
2．大多数被邀请参加会议的人都是我的老朋友。(过去分词短语作后置定语)
Most of the people invited to the conference were my old friends.
3．这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极其孤独的人，他们很容易成为行骗的目标。
(that引导的同位语从句)
This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely lonely people in his
community，who are easy to be targets of cheating.
4．没有强大的团队精神，我们就不会高效地完成我们的任务。(without引导的含蓄虚拟条
件句)
Without a strong teamwork spirit，we wouldn ’ t complete our tasks very efficiently.
5．当我发现自己迷路时，我的心吓得开始狂跳。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)(when引导的时
间状语从句)
When I found I lost my way，my heart started fluttering feverishly with fright.
With moderate greenhouse gases ， such as methane and carbon dioxide
1.released(release) into the atmosphere，Earth can sustain life.But comprehensive evidence
shows that more heat energy 2.than necessary exists because of burning an increasing volume of
fossil fuels.Hence ， the warming trend has affected Earth’s ecology and
3.harmonious(harmony) development.News reports are 4.frequently(frequent) broadcast about
polar bears，seals and penguins that are starved to death because of the melting ice.Tropical
jungles 5.are destroyed(destroy)，making them less habitable for animals.6.What human beings
can’t tolerate is that garbage is thrown everywhere，such as waterways and basins.Faced
with the severe situations ， worldwide governments have reformed policies to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and restore the sensitive ecology.Dozens of enterprises 7.have
submitted(submit) and implemented their conservation regulations,8.saying(say)，“We will
immediately carry out the disposal of the waste we produce.” Individuals can also seize every
chance 9.to reduce(reduce) the carbon footprint in the daily life.Although Earth has undergone
some ecological chaos，people from all over the world confidently say that those measures can
create 10.a sustainable world.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
starve vi.& vt.(使)挨饿；饿死(starvation n．饥饿；饿死)
starve to death饿死
be starving for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事
同义短语：be thirsty/hungry/eager/desperate for sth/to do sth
(1)What shocks the scientists is that many seals have died from starvation(starve) because of
global warming.
(2)孩子身无分文又饥肠辘辘，站在路边要饭，否则就会饿死。
Penniless and hungry，the child stood near the road and begged for a meal，otherwise he would
starve to death.
(3)我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。(话题写作之语
言学习)
I am starving to study English well，because mastering English means we can see the world
through a new window.
seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
seize sb by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
表情感的名词＋seize sb某人感到……
(1)警察看到一个小偷，冲向前，抓住了他的胳膊。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The policeman spotted a thief，charged forward and seized him by the arm.
(2)我强烈建议你抓住这个宝贵的机会提高你的英语口语。
I strongly recommend that you (should) seize the precious chance to improve your oral English.
(3)我一看到父亲阴云密布的脸，就感到恐惧。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
The moment I saw my father’s cloudy face，panic seized me.
submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服[submission n．提交(物)；呈递(书)；屈服]
submit sth to sb 将某物提交给某人
submit (oneself) to屈从于……
(1)The name ， address ， and telephone number of the cartoonist must be included in the
submission(submit).
(2)An essay not submitted(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class
period it is late.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
(3)大卫擦掉眼泪，昂起头，坚定地说道：“我不会屈从于其他人的看法。”(2022·新课标Ⅰ读后续写)
David wiped his tears and held his head high，remarking determinedly，“ I won ’ t submit
(myself) to others ’ thoughts .”
(4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。(应用文写作之通
知)
Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials
by May 15.
tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许(tolerance n．宽恕；忍耐；容忍 tolerant adj.忍耐的；宽
容的)
·tolerate (sb/sb’s) doing sth 忍受(某人)做某事
·be tolerant of/towards sb/sth 容忍/宽容某人/某事
(1)To be honest，my tolerance is not limitless，so I will not be always tolerant of your rude
behavior.(tolerate)
(2)I can’t tolerate working(work) with my partner any more，who is frequently talking to me
when I am absorbed in work.
(3)那些懂得如何包容他人的人自然会过得幸福。
Those who know how to tolerate /be tolerant of/ towards others can naturally lead a happy life.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．release
A.vt.排放 B.n.发布 C.vt.释放，放 D.vt.发行，上映
(1)The new film will be released on July 16 in the downtown cinema. D
(2)The kind girl decides to release the bird from the cage. C
(3)The new software is planned for release in April. B
(4)The factory keeps releasing smoke，making the air dirty. A
2．moderate
(1)By evening the wind had moderated slightly. D
(2)The article was moderate in tone and presented both sides of the case. B
(3)Moderate effort produces the best result.(2022·浙江6月) A
(4)We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering
alone，and realizing that we need to moderate our actions if we hope to live in balance.(2021·北
京) C3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)Make sure you’ve signed the cheque before sealing the envelope.密封
(2)The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects.保险单
(3)Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas.(2021·天津3月)激发
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Whenever the consultant in psychology was worn out，he was starving for a cup of
coffee to refresh himself.
2．So pessimistic was my classmate that he had no idea how to release(release) his tremendous
pressure.
3．Finally，I made up my mind to seize(seize) the opportunity to enhance my overall
competence.
4．Based on what he observed，the specialist decided on submitting(submit) his medical
report to the president of the hospital.
5．On behalf of our school，I appeal to each student to take more physical exercise.
6．The dentist was sensitive to criticism，so she couldn’t accept criticism from others.
7．The surgeon can’t tolerate being disturbed(disturb) by others when he is absorbed in
reading.
8．To enhance people’s awareness of conservation(conserve) of cultural relics，a lecture will be
given in the city hall this Friday afternoon.
9．Only in this way can we enjoy a harmonious(harmony) relationship between parents and
children.
10．Under this Act，all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually(annual)
purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
假定你是李华，你校学生会即将举办一次以“Earth Guardian”为主题的环境保护运
动，请你代表学生会写一封倡议信，倡导大家积极参与该活动，内容包括：
1.地球环境的现状；
2.该运动的目的和要求；
3.号召大家积极参加。
完成句子
1．毫无疑问，许多人类活动对我们的地球母亲造成了巨大的伤害。(There is little doubt
that...)2．在这里，我代表学生会提出建议，我们学生应该为环境保护做出一些贡献。(on behalf
of；that引导的同位语从句；conservation)
3．为了建设一个更加和谐和可持续的社会，我们发起了一项名为“地球卫士”的运动，旨
在采取有效和切实可行的措施来保护环境。(harmonious；sustainable；campaign；which引
导的定语从句)
4．对该活动感兴趣的人必须在10月1日之前提交你的申请和相关材料。(submit；定语从
句)
5．我真诚地希望你能抓住这个宝贵的机会，立即加入我们。(seize)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
There is little doubt that a great many human activities have caused great damage to our earth
mother.Here，on behalf of the students’ council，I make a suggestion that we students should
make some contributions to environmental conservation.
It’s (high) time that we took/should take various methods to protect the earth from
pollution.To build a more harmonious and sustainable society，we have launched a campaign
named “Earth Guardian”，which is aimed at taking effective and practical measures to protect
the environment.Those who are interested in the campaign must submit your application and
relevant materials before October 1st.
I sincerely hope that you can seize the precious chance and join us immediately.
教材语料整合
[环境描写] melt；ecology；habitable；sustainable；footprint；basin；
jungle；harmonious adj.→harmony n．；moderate；tropical；sensitive；
waterway
亮词
[动作描写] starve；release；broadcast；restrict；reform；undergo；
submit；restore v．→restoration n．；fine；tolerate v．→tolerant
adj.→tolerance n．
1.There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.(环境描写)
2.A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels
美句
provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.(环境描写)
3.In 2013，a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bearthat was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard.(情感描写)
4.It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about
global warming，along with its causes and impacts，because this is the most
serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.(主旨升华)
5.The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most
well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous
Region.(环境描写)
6.Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural
environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s
original beauty.(情感描写)
拓展语料积累 动作细节描写：“脚动”
tiptoe v．踮着脚走；蹑手蹑脚地走；barefoot adj.& adv.赤脚；dance v．雀
单词 跃；跳跃；spring v．跳；跃；creep v．悄悄地缓慢行进；chase v．追赶；
flee (away) v．逃跑
in bare feet 光脚；get/rise to one’s feet 起立；struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着
站起来；jump to one’s feet猛地站起、跳起来；spring to one’s feet一跃而
词块
起；leap to one’s feet 跳起来；plant one’s feet to the ground 双脚钉在地
上；raise oneself on tiptoe 踮起脚尖；stamp one’s feet 跺脚
1.Disappointed and frustrated，the poor man dragged his feet back home.这个
可怜的人既失望又沮丧，慢腾腾地回家了。
2.He leapt/jumped/sprang to his feet/jumped up and rushed out of the living
room.他一跃而起，冲出起居室。
3.She planted her feet firmly to the spot and refused to move.她牢牢地站在原
地，一动也不动。
4.He was so worn out that he lifted his feet to leave as if they were 100 kilos.(比
句型
喻)他是如此疲惫以至于抬脚离开时好像双脚有千斤重。
5.The little man left the cottage with a sad，slow step.小个子男人迈着忧伤的
步子慢慢走出了小屋。
6.She tapped/stamped her feet impatiently.她不耐烦地跺着脚。
7.She slipped out of bed and tiptoed to the window.她溜下床，踮起脚尖走向窗
户。
8.He had twisted his ankle and was limping.他扭伤了脚踝，一瘸一拐地走着。
语料运用 保护动物
On an early spring morning ① when the snow hadn ’ t melted completely (定语从句)，my
brother and I were having a walk along the country track when a little cat ②lying on the drystraw(分词短语作后置定语) attracted our eyes.Out of curiosity，③we tiptoed to it slowly.We
thought it would ④spring to its feet and flee away seeing us.But the cat just struggled to its feet，
⑤releasing some weak and painful moans(分词短语作状语)．Approaching closer，we found in
surprise that the little cat ⑥got seriously injured in one of its legs and was badly in need of
medical help.Not knowing what to do，⑦we planted our feet firmly to the spot for a moment and
then decided that we should take it home；⑧otherwise it would die in the cold weather.
早春的一个早晨，雪还没有完全融化，我和哥哥正在乡间小路上散步，一只躺在干稻草
上的小猫吸引了我们的目光。出于好奇，我们慢慢地踮着脚尖走向它。我们以为它看到我们
会跳起来逃跑，但猫只是挣扎着站起来，发出一些虚弱而痛苦的呻吟。走近时，我们惊讶地
发现，这只小猫的一条腿受了重伤，急需医疗救助。不知道该怎么办，我们牢牢地在原地站
了一会儿，然后决定把它带回家，否则它会在寒冷的天气里死去。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·新课标Ⅱ，A)
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park，and
throughout the year.The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone(May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail(小径)，camping，or just enjoying the park’s
amazing wildlife from the road，this quick workshop is for you and your family.Learn where to
look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience.Meet at the Canyon
Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone.Stay for as
little or as long as your plans allow.Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint，enjoy Lower Falls，the Yellowstone River，and the breathtaking
colors of the canyon(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history.Discover
why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.Meet on the lower
platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on
program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles：meet at Artist Point.7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance：meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking
area.
1．Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A．Photography Workshops.
B．Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C．Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D．Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物的项目开
始的时间最早。故选D。
2．What is the short talk at Artist Point about?
A．Works of famous artists.
B．Protection of wild animals.
C．Basic photography skills.
D．History of the canyon area.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据“Canyon Talks at Artist Point(June 9 to September 2)”部分中的
“From a classic viewpoint，enjoy Lower Falls，the Yellowstone River，and the breathtaking
colors of the canyon(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history.”可知，在
Artist Point的简短演讲是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。
3．Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A．Artist Point.
B．Washburn Trailhead.
C．Canyon Village Store.
D．Visitor Education Center.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据“Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)”部分中的“7/10—
Wildflowers & White Balance：meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知，7
月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
B★
Moran works at the California Academy of Sciences，which is capped by 2.5 acres of living
roof where nearly 1.7 million plants ， insects and birds flourish.The building has been
painstakingly designed to be among one of the most environment-friendly in the world.Solar panels
that surround the living roof provide 5% of the building’s energy，while water flowing through
pipes in the bathrooms also generates power.Automatic skylights open and close to help regulatethe temperature inside the building while natural sunlight is used to light the building as much as
possible.During his 15 years at the academy(研究院)，Moran has helped design，build and now
maintain the building’s green systems.
Constructing new environment-friendly buildings like the one Moran works in is expected to
generate more than 6.5 million jobs by 2030，according to predictions by the International Labor
Organization.Next to energy，it will be the second fastest growing sector for green jobs in the
coming decades.This jobs growth comes from a growing need for buildings that can deal with
multiple problems：meeting tough climate-change targets；rising energy costs，water shortages
and an increased risk of extreme weather conditions.This is driving a movement known as green
building.
In 2000，just 41 new construction projects were officially rated as green buildings in the
US.Last year，that figure had grown to more than 65,000.Elsewhere in the world there have been
similar increases and it is a trend that is expected to continue.In China the government has set an
ambitious goal as part of its five-year plan that requires 50% of all new urban buildings to be green
certified.
Moran sees green building as requiring new skills that have not featured much in the building
sector in the past.“It takes a different skill set to look after a living roof compared to normal
landscaping，” he says.“You need to understand the environment，how the direction of the sun
and wind will affect it.But we are also seeing technology being integrated into everything.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了建筑师莫兰专注于建造新的环保建筑，而绿色建筑
是未来的趋势。
4．How was the building of the academy planned?
A．Rigidly. B．Effortlessly.
C．Thoroughly. D．Strategically.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第一段可知，此建筑的方方面面都运用了环保理念，应是精心设计的。
文中的painstakingly“精心地，细心地”与C项Thoroughly“细致地”是同义词。故选C项。
5．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Constructing new buildings.
B．Generating more jobs.
C．The growing need for houses.
D．The International Labor Organization.
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。由第二段可知，it 用于指代上文，上文提及了“Constructing new
environment-friendly buildings”，此处it指“Constructing new buildings”。故选A项。6．Why do many countries begin to construct green buildings?
A．To develop a large market.
B．To satisfy humans’ ambitions.
C．To solve different challenges.
D．To control the new movement.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“...buildings that can deal with multiple problems：meeting
tough climate-change targets；rising energy costs，water shortages and an increased risk of
extreme weather conditions.”可知，为解决诸多不同的挑战，许多国家开始建设绿色建筑。
故选C项。
7．What does Moran possibly think of his present job?
A．Challenging. B．Risky.
C．Traditional. D．Urgent.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。由最后一段可知，莫兰认为，绿色建筑需要新的不寻常的技能，且对设
计者有更高的要求，由此可知，他认为目前的工作很具挑战性。故选A项。
C★
Latin America’s first renewable fuel-powered，garbage-trapping wheel is cleaning one of
Panama’s dirtiest rivers.It is powered by water and solar energy.It pulls waste out of the Juan Diaz
River.Most of the waste comes from the capital area of Panama City where about 2 million people
live.Thousands of kilograms of garbage flow down the river into the ocean each year.
As the leader of the project，Robert Getman said，“Cleaning beaches is good，but it is
more effective and cheaper to trap garbage in rivers because when it reaches the ocean，the
environmental and economic cost becomes too high.”
The Juan Diaz River is one of the most polluted in Panama.Waste systems in the area are
poor，and land development is not well supervised(监督)．The river also passes through Panama
City，one of Central America’s largest cities.Still，the waterway and its mangrove trees are
home to wildlife like turtles and birds.According to this situation，the environmental group Marea
Verde launched the wheel in late September，which is named Wanda Diaz.By the middle of
October，it had gathered 28.6 cubic meters of plastic bottles from the water.Over five years，
Marea Verde projects have slowed the spread of waste along the Juan Diaz River and other
Panama’s rivers.Several years ago，the group launched its “Barrier or Trash” technology，a
floating device.It captured more than 100 metric tons of waste in the Matias Hernandez River
within two years.
The Baltimore Bay “Trashwheel” in the United States is the model for Marea Verde’s
machine，Wanda Diaz.However，Wanda Diaz is more advanced and superior in terms oftechnology，and it even has cameras with artificial intelligence(AI) that can recognize and sort
different plastics.
“We want each of us to raise awareness that we can prevent the death of the Juan Diaz
River，”said Marea Verde’s leader Sandy Watemberg.She expressed her hope that the wheel
would also help many more other rivers.But she also pointed out that those who accustomed
themselves to single-use plastics needed to rethink their behavior.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。巴拿马使用一种新型且环保的垃圾捕获轮——Wanda Diaz
来帮助解决河道垃圾污染问题。
8．Which words best describe the garbage-trapping wheel?
A．Green and practical.
B．Effective but costly.
C．Renewable and simple.
D．Powerful but energy-wasting.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is powered by water and solar energy.”以及第二段中
“Cleaning beaches is good，but it is more effective and cheaper to trap garbage in rivers because
when it reaches the ocean，the environmental and economic cost becomes too high.”可推知，垃
圾捕获轮是环保且实用的。故选A。
9．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3?
A．Great damage to Panama City.
B．The importance of the Juan Diaz River.
C．Measures taken to battle wildlife killing.
D．The background information of Marea Verde projects.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。根据第三段中“The Juan Diaz River is one of the most polluted in
Panama.Waste systems in the area are poor ， and land development is not well
supervised...According to this situation，the environmental group Marea Verde launched the
wheel...”可知，本段主要介绍了这个项目的实施背景。故选D。
10．What can we learn about Wanda Diaz?
A．It has AI to break down plastics.
B．It is the model for “Trashwheel”．
C．It has AI cameras to remove plastics.
D．It is an updated version of “Trashwheel”．
答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第四段“The Baltimore Bay ‘Trashwheel’．..However，Wanda
Diaz is more advanced and superior in terms of technology，and it even has cameras with artificial
intelligence(AI) that can recognize and sort different plastics.” 可 推 知 ， Wanda Diaz 是
“Trashwheel”的升级版。故选D。
11．What message does Sandy Watemberg seem to convey?
A．People should not use plastics anymore.
B．The death of the river is unpreventable.
C．Humans’ living habits matter in river protection.
D．River protection has received the attention of all.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But she also pointed out that those who accustomed
themselves to single-use plastics needed to rethink their behavior.”可知，Sandy Watemberg认为
保护河流的关键在于改变人们使用一次性塑料制品的生活习惯。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
Bruce is a manager who had a team of around 40 people.Most of them were bright ，
enthusiastic，and hardworking young fellows.This helps to promote their independence. 1 But
as a team，they are not so good，which is crucial for the organization.
2 He invited everyone to a hall for a game consisting of 3 rounds.For the first round，he
told everyone to blow a balloon kept on the table and then write their name on it without bursting
it，and each of them did it.Then they took a break outside for the second round.Soon after he
called them back in，with more balloons scattered around without names on them.He declared that
they had 15 minutes to find the balloon with their name written on it. 3
For the next round，Bruce told them if any team member found a balloon with a name on it，
he or she had to give it to the owner of the name.All started searching，and within a couple of
minutes everyone had their own balloon with their name on it.Bruce went to the dais and
said，“You see，in the second round，no one was able to find their balloons as they were
working on individual targets.But in the final round，within a couple of minutes，everyone had
the balloon with them. 4 ”
Most of the time，people hide information，avoid collaboration，and distance themselves
from their team members. 5 And it also，in the long run，affects the individual.So，
everyone in the team should share and work effectively for greater ambition for the team.
A．Consequently，no one got their balloons.
B．However，he found he was not successful.
C．That’s the power of teamwork and sharing.
D．So he considered taking his group on a trip.
E．Individually，everyone on the team is outstanding.F．This sort of mindset forms obstacles for team growth.
G．He decided to address the issue by launching a team activity.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Bruce的团队每个人都很出色，但是作为一个
团队不是很好，于是他发起了一个团队活动来解决这个问题。
1．答案 E
解析 根据上文“Bruce is a manager who had a team of around 40 people.Most of them were
bright，enthusiastic，and...”可知Bruce团队中的每个人都很出色，由后文“But as a team，
they are not so good，which is crucial for the organization.”可知，作为一个团队他们表现得不
是很好，But表示转折，故E选项“就个人而言，团队中的每个人都很出色”总结上文又与
下文构成转折，故选E。
2．答案 G
解析 根据后文“He invited everyone to a hall for a game consisting of 3 rounds.For the first
round”可知，后文主要说明了Bruce通过做游戏来解决团队表现不好的问题。故G选项
“他决定发起一个团队活动来解决这个问题”能引领下文，故选G。
3．答案 A
解析 上文“Soon after he called them back in，with more balloons scattered around without
names on them.He declared that they had 15 minutes to find the balloon with their name written on
it.”提到经理放上了更多的没有名字的气球，让他们每个人在 15分钟内找到写有自己名字
的气球，本句与上文构成因果关系，应指出没人找到自己的气球。故选A。
4．答案 C
解析 根据上文“Bruce went to the dais and said，‘You see，in the second round，no one was
able to find their balloons as they were working on individual targets.But in the final round，within
a couple of minutes，everyone had the balloon with them.’”可知，本段中Bruce主要在总结
游戏的结果，上文提到在最后一轮中每个人都找到了写有自己名字的气球，这论证了团队合
作和分享的力量。故选C。
5．答案 F
解析 根据上文“Most of the time，people hide information，avoid collaboration，and distance
themselves from their team members.”可知，本句承接上文说明人们隐藏信息，避免合作，
并与团队成员保持距离这种心态的影响：阻碍了团队的成长。故选F。
