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绝密★启用前
2005年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语
（科目代码：201）
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2005年全国硕士研究生入学统 考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be
insensitive smellers compared with animals, 1 this is largely because,
仁animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are _L to perceiving those
smells which float through the air,--1_ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.
In fact ,—5 , we are extremely sens1tJ.ve to smells, _g_w e do not generally realize it.
Our noses are capible of上humansmells even when these are鸟to far below one part
in one million.
Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not
another, 上others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be
because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate�smell
receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send
且_ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain
1....
smell」 can suddenly become sensitive to it when」立_to it often enough.
The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it
且_ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can_臣_ new receptors if
necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own
smells we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own
house, but we _18 new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it
—
best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals _JQ_ the
smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.
英语试题 . 1 . (共 14 页）1. [A] although [B] as [C] but [D] while
2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides
3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined
4. [A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking
5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore
6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if
7. [A] distinguishing [B] discovering [ C] determining [D] detecting
8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [ C] dispersed [D] diffused
9. [A] when
[B] since [C] for [D] whereas
10.[A] unusual
[B] particular [C] unique [D] typical
11.[A] signs
[B] stimuli [C] messages [D] impulses
12.[A] at first
[B] at all [C] at large [D] at times
13. [A] subjected
[B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed
14.[A] ineffective
[B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient
15. [A] introduce
[B] summon [C] trigger [D] create
16.[A] still
[B] also [ C] otherwise [D] nevertheless
17.[A] sure
[B] sick [C] aware [D] tired
18.[A] tolerate
[B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice
19.[A] available
[B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable
20.[A] similar to
[B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B ,
C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
英语试题 . 2 . (共 14 页）Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn
that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for
slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human",
with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely
developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of
Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature,
suggests that it is all too monkey. as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They
look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food
readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer
attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de
Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange
tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of
rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but
adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return
for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to
cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the
second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one
received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other
either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to
accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other
chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a
female capuchin.
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by
social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co
operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.
Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other
members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved
independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common
ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
英语试题 . 3 . (共 14 页）21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
[A] posing a contrast.
[B]justifying an assumption.
[ C] making a comparison.
[D] explaining a phenomenon.
22. The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that
[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because
they are
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B] attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C] nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D] more generous than their male companions.
24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B] can be taught to exchange things.
[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D] are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
英语试题 . 4 . (共 14 页）Text2
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill
us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? That the evidence was
inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy
our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans
bought that nonsense,a nd over three decades,s ome 10 million smokers went to early
graves.
There are upsetting parallels today,a s scientists in one wave after another try to
awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the
National Academy of Sciences,e nlisted by the White House,t o tell us that the Earth's
atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The
clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the
National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's
report: "Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best
available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base
i ortant policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the
mp
future consequences of present actions."
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the
science about global warming is incomplete,t hat it's OK to keep pouring fumes into
the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of
the evidence is in,i t may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent
people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it's obvious that a
majority of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. Instead
of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research a classic case of
"paralysis by analysis".
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,w e must press forward on deeper
atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the
Administration won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin
fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West
Virginia,w hich would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising
start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to
meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial
that those new plants be environmentally sound.
英语试题 . 5 . (共 14 页）26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that
[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death.
[B]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant.
[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way oflife.
[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense.
27.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as
[A] a protector.
[B] ajudge.
[C] a critic.
[D] a guide.
28. What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis" (Last line, Paragraph 4) ?
[A] Endless studies kill action.
[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.
[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?
[A] Offe r aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C] Press for further scientific research.
[D] Take some legislative measures.
30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because
[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence.
[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former.
[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former.
[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse.
英语试题 . 6 . (共 14 页）Text3
Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our
control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead
people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams
were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s,
neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" the random
byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers
suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods
while the brain is "off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely
powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under
conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind
Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it,
change it."
Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep when most vivid dreams occur as it is when
fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts
of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the "emotional brain") is
especially active, while the prefrontal cortex ( the center of intellect and reasoning) is
relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings
can stay with us all day." says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.
The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in
Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,
progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working
through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is
occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the
day's events until, it appears, we begin to dream.
And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can
exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken,
identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end
instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With
much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.
At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams
at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in a panic," Cartwright says.
Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased
people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a
therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.
Sleep or rather dream on it and you'll feel better in the morning.
英语试题 . 7 . (共 14 页）31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams
[A] can be modified in their courses.
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes.
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears.
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs.
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show
[A] its function in our dreams.
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep.
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions.
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex.
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind.
[B] develop into happy dreams.
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep.
[D] show up in dreams early at night.
34. Cartwright seems to suggest that
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams.
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control.
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression.
[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious.
3 5. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
[A] Lead your life as usual.
[B] Seek professional help.
[C] Exercise conscious control.
[D]Av oid anxiety in the daytime.
英语试题 . 8 . (共 14 页）Text4
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to
command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such
command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of
Language and Music and Why We Should Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and
controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s
counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism
against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter's academic speciality is language
history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of "whom", for example,
to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, "doing our own thing", has spelt
the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly
educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even
the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the
page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that
could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing
over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture,
the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take
the question of his subtitle, why we should, like, care. As a linguist, he acknowledges
that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English,
can be powerfully expressive there exists no language or dialect in the world that
cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer
think straight because we do not talk proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of
memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech
that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter
acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical
education reforms he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more
than useful. We now take our English "on paper plates instead of china". A shame,
perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
英语试题 . 9 . (共 14 页）36.According to Mc Whorter, the decline of formal English
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms.
[B] is but all too natural in language development.
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture.
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s.
37. The word "talking" (Line 6, Paragraph 3) denotes
[A] modesty.
[B] personality.
[C] liveliness.
[D] informality.
3 8. To which of the following statements would McW hortermost likely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.
3 9. The description of Russians' love of memorizing poetry shows the author's
[A] interest in their language.
[B] appreciation of their efforts.
[C] admiration for their memory.
[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness.
40. According to the last paragraph, "paper plates" is to "china" as
[A] "temporary" is to "permanent".
[B] "radical" is to "conservative".
[C] "functional" is to "artistic".
[D] "humble" is to "noble".
英语试题 . 10 . (共 14 页）PartB
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.
There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers
on ANSWER SHEET 1. (l0points)
Canada's premiers (t he leaders of provincial governments), if they have any
breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might
spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.
They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing
component of which are pharmaceutical costs.
(41)______ _
What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health
care to say nothing of reports from other experts recommended the creation of a
national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs,
bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources,
work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.
(42)______ _
But "national" doesn't have to mean that. "National" could mean
interprovincial provinces combining efforts to create one body.
Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better
prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province or a
series of hospitals within a province negotiate a price for a given drug on the
provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.
Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the
national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics
suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.
(43) _
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation
of the Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by
Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to
provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably,
Quebec refused to join.
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They
(particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions
with few, if any, strings attached. That's one reason why the idea of a national list
hasn't gone anywhere, while drug costs keep rising fast.
英语试题 . 11 . (共 14 页）(44)______ _
Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts
about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs:
"A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on
pharmaceutical companies in order to try to constrain the ever-increasing cost of
drugs."
(45)______ _
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint
list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would
help their budgets and patients.
[A] Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first
advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug
Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per
cent to 26.8 per cent!
[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report: "The substantial buying power of
such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to
negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies."
[C] What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby
recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National
Health Council.
[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will
continue to increase faster than government revenues.
[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug
costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part
of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments.
Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher
pnces.
[F] So,i f the provinces want to run the health-care show,t hey should prove they can
run it,s tarting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,s ave
administrative costs,p revent one province from being played off against another,
and bargain for better drug prices.
[G] Of course,t he pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers;
they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from
one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on
its list,t he pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a
national agency,b ut self-interest would lead them to deal with it.
英语试题 . 12 . (共 14 页）PartC
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10
points)
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly
si ificant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one's
gn
impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. (4 6) Television is one
of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never
before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent
events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its
peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to
analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media
groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television,
radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one
another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell
and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be
able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (4 8) This alone
demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact
underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no
less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television
companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
( 49) Creating a "European identity" that respects the different cultures and
traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy
task and demands a strategic choice that of producing programs in Europe for
Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose
programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives,w e must concentrate more on co-productions,
the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the
agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for
Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will
handle the finances necessary for production costs. (50) In dealing with a challenge
on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, "United we stand, divided we
fall" and if I had to choose a slogan it would be "Unity in our diversity." A unity of
objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.
英语试题 . 13 . (共 14 页）Section III Writing
PartA
51.Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions.
But now you find that the work is not what you expected You decide to quit. Write a
letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and
making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than I 00 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER
SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use "Li Ming" instead
You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
PartB
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay,
you should fi st describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your
江
comment on it.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
g尹
婖
卜
�
养老
”足球赛”
英语试题 . 14 . (共 14 页）
