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主题对接教材
外研版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 A life’s work
译林版 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Careers and skills
北师大版 选择性必修第四册 Unit 12 Innovation
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．budget n．预算
2．candidate n．候选人；应试者；被认定适合者
3．craftsmanship n．手艺；工艺；技艺
4．spotlight n．聚光灯；媒体的关注
5．harsh adj.恶劣的，艰苦的，严峻的
6．device n．设备，装置
7．criterion n．(pl.criteria) 标准，准则
8．receipt n．收到的款项，收入；收据
9．groundwork n．基础工作，准备工作
10．labour-saving adj.节省劳力的
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．decline vi.& n．减少，降低
2．weekly adj.每周的 adv.每周 n．周报
3．anticipate vt.预计(并做准备)；预料
4．subjective adj.主观的
5．well-being n．健康，幸福
6．subsequently adv.后来，随后
7．launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事 n．发射；上市；发起
8．perceive vt.察觉，注意到；将……视为；认为
9．novel adj.新奇的；新颖的 n．小说10．joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
11．grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
12．profile n．概述；形象；侧面轮廓 vt.概述，写简介
13．constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量
14．coin n．硬币，钱币 vt.铸造(货币)；杜撰，创造
15．theme n．主题
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．regulate vt.控制，管理→regulation n．管理；规则；校准
2．explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→explosion n．爆炸；爆发；激增
3．humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的→humbly adv.谦逊地；卑贱地；低声下气地
4．propose vt.提议；打算；求婚→proposal n．提议，建议；求婚
5．evaluation n．评估，评价→evaluate v．评价；估价；求……的数值
6．finding n．研究的结果；发现→find vt.查找，找到；发现；认为；感到；获得 n．发现
物，被发现的人
7．gift n．礼物；天赋；赠品 vt.赋予；向……赠送→gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的
8．preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．腌菜，果酱→preservation n．保存，保
留
9．mass n．团；堆；许多；大量→massive adj.巨大的；非常严重的
10．uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的→complicated adj.难懂的，复杂的
11．restoration n．(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复，整修→restore vt.恢复；修复；归还
12．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学；技术；学科；理科→scientist n．科学家
13．relativity n．相对性→relative adj.相对的；相关联的 n．亲戚；相关物→relatively adv.
相当地；相对地，比较地
14．operation n．手术；运转，操作→operator n．电话接线员；操作员→operate vi.运转；
动手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营
15．invent vt.发明；创造→invention n．发明；发明物→inventor n．发明家；创造者
16．availability n．可用性→available adj.可获得的；可利用的；可找到的；有空的
→unavailable adj.难以获得的；不能利用的；忙的
17．accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确→accurate adj.正确的，准确的→accurately
adv.精确地，准确地
18．emerge vi.出现，浮现→emergence n．出现，浮现；发生；露头→emergent adj.新兴的；
处于发展初期的
19．theoretical adj.理论的→theoretically adv.理论地；理论上→theory n．理论；原理；学
说
20．prosperous adj.富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的→prosperously adv.繁荣地；幸运地→prosperity n．繁荣，成功
21．analysis n．分析→analys(z)e vt.分析；分解→analyst n．分析者；化验员
22．innovation n．新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，创新→innovative adj.革新的，创新的；
新颖的；有创新精神的→innovate vi.& vt.创新；改革
23．productive adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的→productively adv.有结果地；有成果地；
多产地→production n．生产；产量→product n．作品；产品；产物→produce vt.生产；引
起；创作；繁殖 n．农产品，产品→productivity n．生产力；生产率
24．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的→commercially adv.商业上
→commercializ(s)e vt.使商业化；使商品化
25．illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustration n．说明；插图；例证；
图解→illustrator n．插图画家；说明者；图解者
26．revolution n．大变革，革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；大变革的→revolutionize v．完
全变革；彻底改变
27．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地→enthusiasm n．
热情；热忱
28．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→specifically adv.特定地；明确地
1．staff n．全体职员；行政人员
2．entrepreneur n．创业者；企业家
3．resolution n．正式决定，决议；决心
4．contract n．合同，契约
5．workforce n．劳动力；全体员工
6．blue-collar adj.蓝领阶级的，体力劳动者的
7．CEO (chief executive officer)首席执行官；执行总裁
8．vacant adj.空的；空缺的；空虚的，茫然的；空闲的
9．painstaking adj.辛苦的；需专注的；需细心的
10．personnel n．人事部门；全体人员
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．earn a living谋生
2．prior to在……之前
3．put one’s best foot forward全力以赴
4．set up建立；装配；开业；竖立
5．break new ground开辟新的领域；有新发现
6．by trial and error反复试验(以得出最佳结果)
7．swing into action立即行动起来；马上大干起来8．the cutting edge (of sth)(某事物发展的)尖端，最前沿
9．think outside the box跳出固有思维模式，跳出框架思考
10．break away (from sb/sth) 突然挣脱；逃脱；脱离，背叛
11．be fond of喜爱；喜欢
12．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
13．draw on/upon 利用，凭借
14．think highly of 高度评价
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．compared with...与……相比
The application of AI technologies in health care industry is in an initial stage compared with that
in automatic driving.
相较于在自动驾驶领域的应用，人工智能技术在医疗产业中的应用还处在初始阶段。
2．which引导非限制性定语从句
The employees tried their best to compete for the market，which left us a deep impression.
员工们尽全力去争夺市场，这给我们留下了深刻的印象。
3．否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装
Never will he pass his driving test because he is distracted by everything around him.
他永远无法通过驾照考试，因为周围的一切都会分散他的注意力。
4．if only虚拟语气
If only you had taken my advice，you would not have made so many mistakes in your work.你
要是听了我的劝告就不会在工作中犯这么多错误了。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)
1．budget n．预算
2．candidate n．候选人；应试者；被认定适合者
3．craftsmanship n．手艺；工艺；技艺
4．harsh adj.恶劣的，艰苦的，严峻的
5．device n．设备，装置
6．criterion n．(pl.criteria) 标准，准则
7．labour-saving adj.节省劳力的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．decline vi.& n．减少，降低
2．anticipate vt.预计(并做准备)；预料3．subsequently adv.后来，随后
4．launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事
5．perceive vt.察觉，注意到；将……视为；认为
6．novel adj.新奇的；新颖的 n．小说
7．joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的
8．profile n．概述；形象；侧面轮廓 vt.概述，写简介
9．constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量
10．theme n．主题
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共20分)
1．propose vt.提议；打算；求婚→proposal n．提议，建议；求婚
2．explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→explosion n．爆炸；爆发；激增
3．evaluation n．评估，评价→evaluate v．评价；估价；求……的数值
4．finding n．研究的结果；发现→find vt.查找，找到；发现；认为；感到；获得 n．发现
物，被发现的人
5．preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．腌菜，果酱→preservation n．保存，保
留
6．restoration n．(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复，整修→restore vt.恢复；修复；归还
7．humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的→humbly adv.谦逊地；卑贱地；低声下气地
8．invent vt.发明；创造→invention n．发明；发明物→inventor n．发明家；创造者
9．theoretical adj.理论的→theoretically adv.理论地；理论上→theory n．理论；原理；学说
10．analysis n．分析→analys(z)e vt.分析；分解→analyst n．分析者；化验员
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
1．contract n．合同，契约
2．workforce n．劳动力；全体员工
3．vacant adj.空的；空缺的；空虚的，茫然的；空闲的
4．painstaking adj.辛苦的；需专注的；需细心的
5．personnel n．人事部门；全体人员
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．earn a living 谋生
2．by trial and error 反复试验(以得出最佳结果)
3． put one ’ s best foot forward 全力以赴
4．draw on/upon 利用，凭借
5．set up 建立；装配；开业；竖立
6．break new ground 开辟新的领域；有新发现
7．think highly of 高度评价8．swing into action 立即行动起来；马上大干起来
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．Our country is developing prosperously and enjoying a period of peace and prosperity.
(prosperous)
2．If the required room type is unavailable，the clerk of the hotel may want to check the
availability of another type of room.(available)
3 ． In order to obtain the data precisely and accurately ， it is important to improve the
performance and accuracy of the machine.(accurate)
4．You need to know the nature of the scientific method，don’t listen to what a scientist says
to you，but look closely at what he is doing.(science)
5．Albert Einstein introduced the concept of relativity，which was relatively difficult for many
people to understand.(relative)
6．To be more productive，we are supposed to improve the system and increase productivity.
(produce)
7．He had the spirit of innovation and was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of
his generation.(innovate)
8．They have commercializ(s)ed their fruits of technology and their devices are readily available
commercially.(commercial)
9．Steam power and iron tracks were combined to revolutionize transport，which was a pretty
revolutionary finding.(revolution)
10．The new operator is learning how to operate the machine and the skills can make his
operation easier.(operate)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2分，共10分)
deep down，set up，prior to，be fond of，break away from
1．Prior to participating in the activity，I used to think that happiness was associated with money.
2．Although I was angry at his words，deep down I knew most of what he said was right.
3．To improve yourself，you should break away from some bad habits.
4．Whatever we do in the future，work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we
are fond of.
5．They got married and set up a new home together.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共16分)
1．他在比赛中表现得非常出色，这使他的父母很开心。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
He did very well in the competition，which made his parents very happy.
2．与传统教学方法相比，现代教学方法具有明显的优势。(compared with)Compared with traditional teaching methods ， modern teaching methods have the obvious
advantages.
3．在过去，人们认为要是我们可以通过远程监控机器人做家务就好了。(if only虚拟语气)
In the past，people thought if only we could do the housework just by remotely monitoring the
robots.
4．我从未听过这么动人的故事，我都感动得哭了。(部分倒装)
Never have I heard such a touching story.I was moved to tears.
My good friend once earned a living 1.on a tight budget.To improve his living standards，
he thought outside the box and decided to establish a company by 2.applying(apply) for a
loan.From his subjective point of view，nothing is impossible to a willing heart，so he struggled
3.to overcome(overcome) the harsh and complicated conditions and managed to establish his
own clothing company.In the beginning，sales of the company 4.were(be) not high.To solve the
problem ， he launched a 5.promotion(promote) campaign and the sales soared
6.dramatically(dramatic) ． Thanks 7.to the joint efforts of him and his family ， large
8.masses(mass) of orders followed.After 9.continuous(continue) efforts ， the company is
operating well.People can always see a bright smile emerge on his face.There is no doubt that it
is his gift for commerce and humble attitude 10.that have enabled him to succeed.
decline n．衰落；衰败；减少；下降 v．衰落；减少；下降；婉言谢绝
•a decline in在……方面下降
in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路
•decline to do...拒绝做……
decline to减少到……
decline by减少了……
(1)The sales of the products declined by 10% last year，so we must constantly adapt and innovate
to ensure success in a growing market.
(2)But before they can be assured，more efforts must be made，because the population of the
crane in the wild is on the decline.
(3)我们应该进行技术上的改革，否则我们的销售率会随着技术的发展而下降。
We should make technological revolutions，otherwise our sales rate will be in decline/on the
decline with the development of technology.
(4)霍华德拒绝来，既然那样，我们可以请别人帮我们克服困难。
Howard has declined to come and in that case we can ask somebody else to help us overcome thedifficulties.
propose v．提议；打算；求婚(proposal n．提议，建议；求婚)
•propose doing...建议做……
propose that...(should) do...建议……
propose to do/doing...打算做……
propose to sb向……求婚
•the proposal to do...做……的建议
proposal后的同位语从句需用虚拟语气，即谓语部分为(should) do形式。
(1)They rejected the proposal to build(build) more office accommodation.
(2)His proposal that the system (should) be changed(change) was rejected，because it was
unreasonable.
(3)A year later，much to my delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to
me.(2022·全国甲)
(4)我们建议跳出固有的思维模式来解决这一严峻的问题。
We propose thinking outside the box/propose that we (should) think outside the box to solve the
harsh problem.
gift n．礼物；天赋；赠品vt.赋予；向……赠送(gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的)
•give sb a gift给某人一份礼物
have a gift/talent for...对……有天赋
•be gifted/talented in...在……方面有天赋
(1)We all consider my father as a genius，for he is gifted in repairing everything.
(2)他具有想出新奇方法解决难题的天赋。
He has a gift/talent for coming up with a novel way to solve tough problems.
mass adj.大量的；大规模的n.团，块，堆；大量；(物理学术语)质量(massive adj.巨大
的；结实的；非常严重的)
masses of＋名词＋谓语动词复数
a mass of＋
the masses群众
(1)The masses are(be) often the makers of history and they are also the makers of people’s well-
being.
(2)He builds massive(mass) sculptures out of plastic garbage，forcing viewers to re-examine their
relationship to single-use plastic products.(2021·全国乙)(3)有些人可能认为花园无非就是植物、花卉、图案和大量的颜色。
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of
colors.
operate v．经营；动手术；操作(机器)；起作用，奏效；(机器)运转；运作(operation
n．操作；经营；手术 operator n．话务员；操作员；经营者)
•operate on sb/sth 给……动手术
•come/go into operation开始工作(生效)
put/bring...into operation实施；实行
(1)He told the telephone operator(operate) that his call was a matter of life and death.
(2)The patient was in great danger，so the doctors decided to operate on him immediately.
(3)为了阻止环境继续受到污染，一项新政策将于下个月开始实施。
To keep the environment from being continually polluted ，a new policy will come/go into
operation next month.
enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的(enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地 enthusiasm n．
热情；热忱)
•be enthusiastic about (doing) sth 对(做)某事热情
•lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地
(1)He is selfish and bad-tempered and thus，everyone in the company knows he will never be
enthusiastic about helping those in trouble.
(2)我不仅充满热情而且容易相处，这使我能胜任报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(应用文写作
之申请信)
I am not only full of enthusiasm but also easy to get along/on with，which makes me qualified for
the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.
(3)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
Bernard and John still made popcorn enthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite of several failures.
break away (from sb/sth) 突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂
break down(身体)垮掉；(机器等)出故障；分解
break into(及物)破门而入
break in(不及物)破门而入；打断；插话
break out(战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发
break through取得突破；克服，战胜(1)用break短语的正确形式填空
①Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
②There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.
③Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
④They plan to break up the company into several smaller independent companies.
⑤Berry agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help to break down plastics in
landfills.
(2)我们能做些什么来帮助他们改善情况，摆脱困境呢？(读后续写之心理描写)
What can we do to help them improve the situation and break away from the difficult position?
否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 Never will he pass his driving test because he is
distracted by everything around him.他永远无法通过驾照考试，因为周围的一切都会分散他
的注意力。
否定词置于句首要用部分倒装语序，即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提
到主语之前。
(1)In no case should we prevent the students from exploring new ideas.
(2)Not until last week did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural
areas.
(3)Hardly could I hold back my excitement when I heard that you would come to China.
(4)Not only were(be) these movies making money，but they were also perceived to be original.
(5)If the new safety system had been put into use，the accident would never have happened.
→Never would the accident have happened if the new safety system had been put into use.(部分倒
装)
用法点拨 (1)当not until位于句首时，not until所在的从句不倒装，主句要用部分倒装。
(2)not only...but also...连接两个并列句且not only位于句首时，前者倒装后者不倒装。
(3)neither...nor...连接并列的句子且neither位于句首时，前后两句都用倒装语序(因neither和
nor都是否定意义的词)。
if only虚拟语气 If only you had taken my advice，you would not have made so many
mistakes in your work.
你要是听了我的劝告就不会在工作中犯这么多错误了。
•if only...意为“要是……就好了”，常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，表示与现在相反的愿望
谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去相反的愿望谓语动词用过去完成时；
表示与将来相反的愿望用“would/could＋do”。
•only if...意为“只有……”，引导真实条件句，置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。(1)Only if he works hard will he be able to exploit the overseas market positively.
(2)要是我们当时有你的帮助和专业指导，我们就会在英语口语比赛中表现得更加出色。
(2020·浙江7月，应用文写作)
If only we had had your help and professional instruction，we would have done more brilliantly in
the oral English competition.
(3)只有跳出固有的思维模式，我们才能更有成效，取得更丰硕的成果。
Only if we think outside the box can we be more productive and achieve more fruitful results.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．preserve
(1)He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were
listed as historic buildings.(2020·江苏) A
(2)My mother preserved the meat that we had left，so it would not go bad. C
(3)We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands. B
2．available
(1)I will definitely accompany you to the library if you are available next weekend. C
(2)In modern times，when food is available in grocery stores，finding love is more central to
people’s lives. B
(3)With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there
is always a bike available for you.(2023·新课标Ⅰ) A
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also
connected time to natural phenomena.(2021·北京)新颖的
(2)Jaron Lanier coined the term “virtual reality” and pioneered its early development.创造
(3)I dislike seeing TV commercials when enjoying a wonderful soap opera.广告
(4)Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which made
Jeremy explode with anger. ( 感情的 ) 爆发
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.
2．As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.(2020·新课标Ⅰ)
3．Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our
photographs in the room.
4．Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy.If only I had(have) a warm and
harmonious family!5．The proposal(propose) put forward by Dobrind，a candidate for the position，aims to help
promote fully automatic driving.
6．No matter how gifted(gift)，you alone cannot change the world！So we should learn to
cooperate with each other.
7．An individual is only a tiny grain in the vast sea；it is the masses that are(be) the boundless
ocean.
8．Prior to coming to China，my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America，with
Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
9．I enthusiastically(enthusiastic) persuade my classmates to be committed to studying，enabling
us to become useful people to the society.
10．Compared with/to those who are engaged in manual labor，teachers experience more mental
sufferings.
11．The ability to accurately(accurate) understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor
to find how best to help her patients，while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
12．The sales representative was fond of the book and decided on buying it straight away.
13．In doing so，I’ll draw on/upon an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people
agreed to perform a digital declutter(清理)．(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
14．To analyse(analyse) and evaluate our collected data，he spared no efforts to help us and deep
down we were moved，a feeling of admiration rising.
假定你是李华，你校上周五举行了有关个人职业生涯规划的活动。请你为学校英文刊物
“Campus Weekly”写一篇活动报道。内容包括：
1.活动内容及过程；2.活动的影响。
完成句子
1．为了提高我们的职业认知，上周五我们学校邀请了几位专家在演讲厅以“你职业的多种
可能性”为主题进行演讲。(Multiple Possibilities of Your Occupation；theme)
2．专家们建议学生们要谦虚，要有正确的就业观念，并做出适当的职业选择。(propose
that...；humble)
3．值得一提的是，这些宝贵的演讲受到了学生们的热烈欢迎和高度评价。(think highly of)
4．演讲结束后，学生们热情地与在场的专家们讨论自己的职业规划。(be enthusiastic about)5．学生们从讲座中受益匪浅，这不仅使他们对自己的职业规划有了更深入的了解，也使他
们有勇气面对未来。(which 引导非限制性定语从句)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
A Stepping Stone to Our Career
In order to help develop our career recognition，our school invited several experts to give
lectures on the theme “Multiple Possibilities of Your Occupation” last Friday at the lecture hall.
The experts proposed that students (should) be humble，have correct employment concepts
and make appropriate career choices.It is worth mentioning that these valuable speeches were well
received and highly thought of among students.After the speeches，the students were enthusiastic
about discussing their career plans with the experts present.
The students have benefited a lot from the lectures，which not only enable them to gain a
deeper understanding of their career planning but also equip them with the courage to face the
future.
语料积累 情感细节描写：笑
smile微笑 laugh 发笑 roar 哄笑 simper矫揉造作地笑 tease 戏弄，揶揄
单词 mock嘲笑 smirk 傻笑，自鸣得意地笑 grin 咧嘴笑 beam眉开眼笑 giggle咯
咯地笑，傻笑 sneer嘲笑；讥讽
with a laugh笑了一声 laugh from ear to ear笑得合不拢嘴 howl with laughter放
声大笑 laugh heartily开怀大笑 scream with laughter捧腹大笑 smile bitterly苦
词块
笑 smile shyly羞答答地微笑 split into a smile绽放微笑 wear a broad smile面带
微笑 chuckle softly低声轻笑 throw sb a faint smile对某人微微一笑
1.After years of painstaking research，they were rewarded with a great breakthrough，
句型
the smile on their faces shining like a diamond.(独立主格)经过多年的潜心研究，他们取得了巨大的突破，他们脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。
2.She didn’t say a word，but smiled a watery smile and held my hand tightly.她一
句话也没说，只是含泪笑了笑，紧紧地握着我的手。
3.On the way we met Mrs Patrick，laughing guiltily as if she were doing something
wrong.(现在分词短语作状语)在路上，我们遇到了帕特里克夫人，她内疚地笑
着，好像做错了什么似的。
4.Wearing a broad smile，my mother gently patted me on the shoulder and
uttered，“You can do it.”(现在分词短语作状语)妈妈面带微笑，轻轻地拍了拍我
的肩膀，说：“你能行的。”
5.“Look at him，” Fen chuckled softly，and her eyes grew wide.“看他，”芬低
声轻笑地说，眼睛睁得大大的。
6.All at once，the teacher’s serious expression softened into a smile.突然，老师严
肃的表情变成了微笑。
7.So excited were they that they jumped up and down，laughing from ear to ear.(现在
分词短语作状语)他们兴奋得跳上跳下，笑得合不拢嘴。
语料运用 Having a fascination for traditional Chinese medicine，Tu Youyou and her team
thought outside the box and broke new ground in how to treat malaria.They tested ancient Chinese
medical treatments by trial and error and after so many failures，① the team members smiled
bitterly，not knowing when to find the answer.②Wearing a broad smile(现在分词短语作状语)，
Tu Youyou patiently encouraged them.They threw her a faint smile，continuing to work hard.After
years of painstaking research，they were rewarded with a great breakthrough，③ the smile on
their faces shining like a diamond(独立主格)．So excited were they that they jumped up and
down，laughing from ear to ear.When commenting on her winning the Nobel Prize，modest Tu
Youyou ④split into a smile，saying，“It is our tireless efforts and the support of all the Chinese
people that make us succeed.”
屠呦呦和她的团队对中医非常着迷，他们在如何治疗疟疾方面打破了常规，开辟了新的领域。
他们通过反复试验来检验古代中医疗法，在多次失败后，团队成员苦笑着，不知道什么时候
才能找到答案。屠呦呦面带微笑，耐心地鼓励他们。他们对她微微一笑，继续努力工作。经
过多年的艰苦研究，他们取得了一项重大突破，他们脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。他们
兴奋得跳上跳下，笑得合不拢嘴。在就获得诺贝尔奖发表感言时，谦虚的屠呦呦绽放微笑，
说：“是我们不懈的努力和全体中国人民的支持使我们取得了成功。”
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
AAlejandro Buxton’s candle business started with a headache.The 12-year-old’s mom
suffers from allergies，and something in their house was causing her head to hurt.After going to
the hospital，they discovered the cause of the headache：the candles.His mom had no choice but
to get rid of the scented(有香味的) items.
However，he knew his mother really loved candles.To lift her spirits，he set up a lab in the
family’s kitchen in the fall of 2019 and made a candle using only natural ingredients，such as soy
and coconut waxes( 蜡 ) and essential oils.Chemicals in her old candles were causing the
headaches.He named his first product Jurassic Orange，which is similar to the fruit in color and
smell.Jurassic Orange was a hit with his mom ，whose headaches disappeared.But Alejandro
wasn’t done experimenting.Within a few months，he had about six scents，including Chunky
Sweaters and Cozy Socks，which smells like a fruit drink mixed with a pine forest.
In September 2020，he put his first collection of candles on Etsy，the online marketplace
that specializes in handmade goods.He also sold candles at seasonal markets，such as the one in
downtown D ． C.where the vice president was shopping for holiday gifts last year.He
recommended two candles to the vice president.She took some of his advice.
Jesse Benites，general manager of a big shopping mall，said the vice president’s visit
“skyrocketed” Alejandro’s fame.A senior manager contacted Alejandro and invited him to rent
one of the 12 retail carts at the mall.On September 1,2022，Smell of Love Candles opened on the
second level of the shopping center.Alejandro is the mall’s youngest business owner.Inside the
mall，Alejandro turned a large room into his production facility，where he and his staff make 600
to 700 candles a week.There were altogether 25 scents on the shelf.He continued to make new
scents and wanted to see all his candles in every single household and love and joy come into the
houses.
Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit，but for him，the money he earned is not
just for his own college fund but for local charities.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁的少年亚历杭德罗·巴克斯顿做蜡烛生
意的原因以及经历。
1．Why did Alejandro start his candle business?
A．To solve his mother’s problem.
B．To earn some money for the family.
C．To make more people love candles.
D．To change the way candles are made.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段以及第二段中的“However，he knew his mother really
loved candles.To lift her spirits，he set up a lab in the family’s kitchen in the fall of 2019 andmade a candle using only natural ingredients，such as soy and coconut waxes(蜡) and essential
oils.”可知，亚历杭德罗开始做蜡烛生意是因为他想解决他妈妈的问题。故选A项。
2．What do we know about Smell of Love Candles?
A．It was visited by the vice president.
B．It mainly sells candles on the Internet.
C．It teaches people how to make candles.
D．It will offer new scents of the candles.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“He continued to make new scents and wanted
to see all his candles in every single household and love and joy come into the houses.”可知，
Smell of Love Candles将提供有新的香味的蜡烛。故选D项。
3．What will the money Alejandro made be used to do?
A．Open more chain stores.
B．Help more people in need.
C．Build more professional colleges.
D．Promote his candles to more families.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit，
but for him，the money he earned is not just for his own college fund but for local charities.”可推
知，亚历杭德罗赚的钱会被用来帮助更多需要帮助的人。故选B项。
4．According to the passage，which words can best describe Alejandro?
A．Organized and loving.
B．Smart and outgoing.
C．Caring and creative.
D．Generous and honest.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第二段的最后一句“Within a few months，he had about six
scents，including Chunky Sweaters and Cozy Socks，which smells like a fruit drink mixed with a
pine forest.”可推知，亚历杭德罗是一个极具创造力的人。再根据文章最后一段
“Alejandro’s candle business makes a good profit，but for him，the money he earned is not
just for his own college fund but for local charities.”可推知，他还是一个有爱心的人。故选C
项。
B
(2024·广东惠州期中)
ChatGPT—a conversational language model which was launched in November and is free andsimple to use—can swiftly produce poems，math equations or essays on topics，bringing concern
that students will misuse the technology.And because it doesn’t copy an existing text，there is no
easy way to be certain whether a human or a bot wrote the answer.
As many educators began to worry about whether students may use ChatGPT to generate
papers，Edward Tian had an idea.The 22-year-old student，who studies computer science and
journalism，decided to build an app to detect whether a text was human-written or AI-written.
Over a few days in a Toronto coffee shop during winter break，he got to work.On Jan.2，he
launched GPTZero.It analyzes different properties of a text for its “perplexity”，which is the
randomness of the text，and the “burstiness”，which is the variation of the text over time.So，
a human-written text would have high perplexity，something very unfamiliar to an AI model，and
exhibit properties of burstiness，which are non-common items that appear in random clusters(集
群)，rather than being uniformly distributed.
Tian said he expected a few dozen people to ever try it.But he woke up the next morning
stunned by the response.He has even heard from people all over the world—many of them are
teachers or college admissions officers.Many people have subscribed for updates from Tian as he
works to improve the technology.
The quick response to Tian’s effort highlighted the breakneck pace at which technology is
changing classrooms，teaching，and the ways that people define and understand learning.Tian
believed everyone deserved to reap the benefits of AI，but safeguards were needed to make sure
new technologies were not abused.
Tian said it would be sad if，years from now，people mostly relied on AI and writing became
far more uniform.“There’s something implicitly(含蓄地) beautiful in human prose，” he
said，“that computers can never copy.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着ChatGPT的应用，学生写论文时会滥用AI，
使教育工作者很担忧。为此22岁的主修计算机科学和新闻学的学生Edward Tian开发了
GPTZero，专门用来检测论文真实性。
5．Why did Edward Tian create GPTZero?
A．To predict abuse of ChatGPT.
B．To analyse properties of texts.
C．To relieve educators of anxiety.
D．To recognize AI-generated texts.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“The 22-year-old student，who studies computer science and
journalism，decided to build an app to detect whether a text was human-written or AI-written.”可
知，他编写该程序是为了辨识某文章是否使用了AI编写。故选D项。6．What features do human-written texts share?
A．They are random and varied.
B．They are plain and unfamiliar.
C．They are common and diverse.
D．They are uniform and complex.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“On Jan.2，he launched GPTZero.It analyzes different
properties of a text for its ‘perplexity’，which is the randomness of the text，and the
‘burstiness’，which is the variation of the text over time.So，a human-written text would have
high perplexity，something very unfamiliar to an AI model，and exhibit properties of burstiness，
which are non-common items that appear in random clusters(集群)，rather than being uniformly
distributed.”可知，人类写的文章具有高度的困惑性即随机性(randomness)和突发性即多变性
(variation)。故选A项。
7．What does the public think of Tian’s invention?
A．It is safely guarded.
B．It is highly anticipated.
C．It is quickly updated.
D．It is thoroughly developed.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“But he woke up the next morning stunned by the
response.He has even heard from people all over the world—many of them are teachers or college
admissions officers.Many people have subscribed for updates from Tian as he works to improve the
technology.”可推知，人们认为他的发明备受期待。形容词anticipated意为“深受期待的”。
故选B项。
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Humans will win the competition against AI.
B．Most people will benefit from AI in the future.
C．Writing will become more common than before.
D．There is incomparable charm in human writings.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Tian said it would be sad if，years from now，people
mostly relied on AI and writing became far more uniform.”及引用“There’s something
implicitly(含蓄地) beautiful in human prose that computers can never copy.”可推知，人类写作
有着计算机无法媲美的魅力。故选D项。
CIf you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a
solution to a problem you had been struggling with ，it may not be a surprise.Rather than
constantly concentrating on a problem，research from the last 15 years suggests that people may
be more likely to have creative breakthroughs when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t
require much thought.
“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting ， novel ideas at
unexpected times，” says Kalina Christoff，a scientist at the University of British Columbia in
Vancouver，“because our culture tells us that we should do it through hard work.”
Now researchers begin to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive
activities and what’s happening in the brain.They have found that the key is a series of brain
activities—within what’s called the default mode(DM) network—that occur while an individual
is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.
“Simply put，it is a state that your brain returns to when you’re relaxed，” explains
Christoff.“By contrast，when you’re working on a demanding task，the brain’s executive
control(EC) systems keep your thinking focused，analytical，and logical.”
Researchers find that the DM network is also involved in the early stages of idea generation，
drawing from past experiences and knowledge about the world.When your mind wanders ，
you’re allowing thoughts to playfully cross your mind，which helps you combine information
and ideas in new ways and something clicks.
“A cautionary note：While the DM network plays a key role in the creative process，it is
the EC systems that help you to evaluate and apply the creative ideas effectively to your problems
in the real world，” Christoff says.“So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery that
creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind
wandering.Instead，you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in
the first place.”
9．What is the most unlikely function of the EC systems?
A．To start your thinking process.
B．To help you analyze.
C．To let you get novel ideas.
D．To keep you focused.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第四段中的“By contrast，when you’re working
on a demanding task，the brain’s executive control(EC) systems keep your thinking focused，
analytical，and logical.”可知，EC系统主导的是有意识的思维活动而不是无意识的创意思
维活动，能让你开始思维过程，帮助你分析，使你集中注意力，不能让你获得新的想法。故选C。
10．What does the underlined part “something clicks” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．A clever idea occurs.
B．Something drops down.
C．A memory disappears.
D．A funny thought happens.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。根据画线句所在段“Researchers find that the DM network is also involved
in the early stages of idea generation...”可推断，something clicks与idea generation所表达的意
思相近，即当走神时，想法在我们的脑海中嬉戏，有助于我们以新的方式将信息和想法结合
起来，这样一个聪明的想法就产生了。故选A。
11．What is Kalina Christoff’s attitude to the culture of hard work?
A．Disapproving. B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.
答案 B
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“‘So it’s unwise to place blind faith in the discovery
that creative ideas can be generated in the shower or during any other kinds of mind
wandering.Instead，you have to do the work to set the groundwork for creative ideas to emerge in
the first place.’”可知，Kalina Christoff认为盲目相信在洗澡或其他任何形式的走神中都能
产生创意的发现是不明智的，还是要努力为创意的出现打好基础，因此推断她对努力工作这
一文化持正面态度。故选B。
12．Which statement might the author agree with?
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．Where there is a will，there is a way.
C．Everything comes to him who waits.
D．All work and no break makes Jack a dull boy.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据第一段可知，大脑机制决定了只有劳逸结合才能富有
创意。由此推知，作者可能会同意D项“只工作不休息，聪明孩子也变傻”的说法。故选
D。
Ⅱ.七选五
The Importance of Inventions
They say necessity is the mother of invention，but invention drives the economy.The great
importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. 1 And it goes beyond
culture.The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for innovation，butnone of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on demand.With that
one advancement ， in came the fastest-changing period in human history and the greatest
population growth，too.
2 Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene
and reduce exposure to human waste，which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live
in.The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped extend the
average life expectancy. 3
People eat better，and more safely，because of innovations we now take for granted like the
refrigerator，the oven and running tap water.Daily life at work has transformed because heavy-
lifting jobs can be done by forklifts.In fact，technology is reaching a new height. 4 More
people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and the like changing our fitness
level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday.
Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by
playing games. 5 How people communicate，work，eat，travel，shop is all subject to
innovation and invention.Advances don’t always improve life，though，as many people are
learning through the constant-access struggles of smartphones and ever-present noise pollution in
cities.
A．Innovation shapes the way life is lived.
B．They can turn to their phone，TV or radio.
C．Factories are using robots for many tasks now.
D．They have affected the way we consume media.
E．Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence.
F．New technologies often simplify the average person’s life.
G．And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明之
母，但发明才是经济的动力。
1．答案 A
解析 根据空前内容“The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes
the world.”以及空后内容“And it goes beyond culture...”可知，空前和空后讲述的是发明的
重要性。选项A“创新塑造了人们的生活方式”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创新给
人们的生活带来的变化。空后的it指的就是A项中的Innovation。故选A。
2．答案 E
解析 根据空后内容“Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to
improve hygiene and...which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in...”可知，下
文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们生活的各个方面。选项E“发明影响现代生活的方方面面”与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。
3．答案 G
解析 根据空前内容“The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in
turn helped extend the average life expectancy.”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，
所以上文讲的是发明与人类生命的关系。选项G“这导致了地球人口在过去150年里急剧增
长”与上文构成因果关系，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。故选G。
4．答案 C
解析 根据空前内容“Daily life at work has transformed because...”可知，上文讲述的是发明
对工作的影响。选项C“工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作”承接上文内容，同时与下文
“More people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and...”保持一致，正因为
工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。
5．答案 B
解析 根据空前内容“Even entertainment has changed because...”可知，上文提到的是人们
不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。选项B“他们可以转向手机、电视或收音机”承接上文内
容，进一步说明发明给娱乐方式带来的变化。选项中的They指代上文的people。故选B。
