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人教版 必修第三册 Unit 4 Space exploration
外研版 选择性必修第四册 Unit 5 Into the unknown；Unit 6 Space and beyond
译林版 选择性必修第三册 Unit 2 Out of this world
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．high-end adj.高端的
2．data n．资料；数据
3．telescope n．望远镜
4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹
5．spacewalk n．太空行走
6．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
7．gravity n．重力，地球引力
8．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的 n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
9．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
10．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
11．anecdote n．轶事；趣闻
12．offshore adv.& adj.近海(的)；离岸(的)
13．spaceship n．宇宙飞船
14．spacecraft n．航天器；宇宙飞船
15．shuttle n．航天飞机；来往于两地的航班(或班车、火车) vi.频繁往来(于两地之间)
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
2．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
3．resource n．资源；财力；物力4．astronaut n．宇航员，航天员
5．launch vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
6．exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削
7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
8．crew n．(飞机、轮船等上的)全体工作人员
9．transmit vt.& vi.传输；发送
10．float vi.飘动，漂流；浮 vt.使浮动，使漂流
11．scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖叫 n．尖叫(声)
12．current adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮
13．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运
行
14．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号(灯)；标志
15．comprise vt.包括，包含；组成，构成
16．monitor n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
17．mission n．任务；使命，天职；军事行动；太空飞行任务
18．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引(力)
19．mankind n．人类
20．beyond prep.在更远处；超出
21．circumstance n．条件，状况；(circumstances)境况，(尤指)经济状况
22．discipline vt.严格要求(自己)；惩罚；训练 n．训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力
23．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.(leapt，leapt/leaped，leaped) 跳过；跃过
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．analysis n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analys(z)e v．分析
2．expand v．扩大；增加；发展→expansion n．扩大；增加
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
4．agency n．机构；代理处→agent n．代理人，代理商
5．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点；论据
6．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
7．expose v．使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光→exposure n．面临，遭受；揭露；报
道
8．universe n．宇宙；天地万物→universal adj.普遍的，全体的，全世界的；通用的
9．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.令人向往的，值得拥有的；可取的
10．incredible adj.不可思议的，难以置信的；惊人的→incredibly adv.极其，极端地；难以
置信地11．cover n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物 v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括→coverage n．新
闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围
12．limit vt.& n．限制→limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的
13．assist v．帮助；援助→assistant n．助理；助手→assistance n．帮助；援助
14．frequency n．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→frequent adj.频繁的→frequently adv.频繁
地
15．determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determination
n．意志，决心
16．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.非常喜欢……的；附属的→attachment n．附加设备，
附属物；附件；喜欢，依恋
17．occupy vt.占据；占用；使忙于→occupied adj.有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的
→occupation n．占领；职业
18．regular adj.定期的；经常的；惯常的→regularly adv.有规律地；经常；定期地
→irregular adj.不定期的
19．disappoint vt.使失望→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的
→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
20．origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原件；
原作→originally adv.起初，原来；独创地，新颖地
21．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently adv.独立地；自立地→independence
n．独立；自立
1．downfall n．衰败
2．delve v．探索；探究
3．cyclone n．气旋；旋风
4．megadrought n．超级干旱
5．uncharted adj.地图上没有标明的
6．subatomic adj.亚原子的；原子内的
7．shipwreck n．沉船，失事的船；海难
8．hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的
9．simulator n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器
10．lifelike adj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．result in导致；造成
2．look into调查(问题)3．block out 挡住(光线)
4．in view of鉴于，考虑到
5．be/become accustomed to习惯于
6．carry on继续做；坚持干
7．provide for sb 为某人提供生活所需
8．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
9．set out出发；启程；(怀着目标)开始工作
10．in the hope of doing...抱着做……的希望
11．throw oneself into积极投入到……中去；热衷于
12．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
13．in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
14．so as to...以便……；为了……
15．enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事
16．lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...第几个做……
Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri
Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
后来，苏联致力于把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太
空的人。
2．there be＋n.＋that...
There’s evidence that evolution would work the same way everywhere，so it’s actually quite
likely that life on other planets would in many ways look like us.
有证据表明，进化在任何地方都会以同样的方式进行，所以实际上很可能其他星球上的生命
在很多方面都与我们相似。
3．it be＋过去分词＋that...
Soon，it was understood that the Sun was just one star among billions in the galaxy we call the
Milky Way.不久，人们就认识到，太阳只是银河系中的数十亿颗恒星中的一颗。
4．现在分词短语作状语
It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board，providing a continuous
human presence in space.
它绕地球运行，搭载了来自不同国家的航天员，使得人类能够持续在太空中开展工作。
Mankind has managed to create vehicles to carry astronauts into space.They launch
rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people are determined to devote
1.____________(them) to space exploration，even though space disasters which killed astronautson board make them 2.____________(disappoint)．Besides，when 3.____________(live) in
space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For lack 4.____________
gravity ， their muscles become incredibly weak.They have to tape everything up ，
5.____________ they would float around.They also need to figure out a way
6.____________(store) sufficient food or oxygen.But people’s desire to explore space never
dies.China is the third country to send humans into space 7.____________(independent)．This
signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we 8.____________(stop)
wasting time and money on space exploration,9.____________ is a shallow view.Our planet’s
resources are limited，and we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing
population.In closing，we attach great 10.____________(significant) to exploring and we should
carry on with space exploration.
argue v．争论；辩论；讨论(argument n．争论；争辩；争吵)
•argue with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against赞成/反对……
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
•have an argument with sb about/over sth就某事与某人争吵/争论
(1)They are having an ____________(argue) with their classmates about how to figure out the
difficult math problem.
(2)I have argued him ____________ dealing with the current situation in this way.
(3)最近我们班就我们是否应该继续太空探索彼此争论。一些学生主张太空非常值得探索。
其他学生反对太空探索。在我看来，太空探索能够帮助人类解决资源匮乏的问题。
Our class has recently _______________________ carry on with space exploration.
Some students __________________ space is well worth exploring.Others __________________
it.Personally，space exploration can assist mankind to solve the problem of lack of resources.
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望
•have a desire to do sth 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物
•desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事desire that...(should) do...希望……
(1)Everyone has a desire ____________ success while success only belongs to the hard-working
people.
(2)His mother desired him to become an astronaut after he grew up.
→___________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________(用desire that...改写)
(3)我对太空探索如此感兴趣，以至于我有强烈的愿望在未来成为一名航天员。
I am so interested in space exploration that I ________________________________________.
carry on 继续做；坚持干
carry on doing sth继续做某事
carry on with sth继续某事
carry out 实施；履行；贯彻
carry sb through 帮助某人渡过难关
(1)由于缺乏足够的氧气，那名航天员无法继续他的任务。
Lacking sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not ________________________ his mission.
(2)他双腿颤抖地站了起来，继续沿路慢慢地走着。(读后续写之动作描写)
He rose to his feet on shaky legs，and ____________________________________ down the road.
(3)尽管失败了，这位科学家相信他的决心和努力会帮助他渡过难关。
Despite the failure，the scientist believed his determination and hard work would _____________.
(4)自从实施了新政策，失业人数迅速减少。
There has been a rapid decline in unemployment since the new policy ______________________.
the＋序数词＋n.＋to do...第几个做…… Afterwards，the USSR focused on sending
people into space，and on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world
to go into space.
后来，苏联致力于把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太
空的人。
•当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
•动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即作后置定语。
•有些抽象名词后也常用不定式作定语，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，attempt等。
(1)He had no doubts about his team’s ability ________(reach) the World Cup finals.
(2)Millions of people saw the apple fall，but Newton was the only one __________________(ask)
why.(3)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts __________________(contact)
you failed.
(4)我们抓住了登上梯子的黄金机会，通过梯子上了直升机。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写)
We seized the golden chance ________________________ and through it we got into the
helicopter.
Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．occupy
(1)Grizzly bears，which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg，occupy a
conflicted corner of the American psyche.(2023·全国甲)________
(2)When the enemy occupied the city，the scientist was occupied with his research.________
(3)The doctor occupies himself in taking care of his patients every day.________
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Hot and cold air currents power the weather systems on earth.________
(2)Officials were not allowed to monitor the voting.________
(3)As a mater of fact，they are at the garage decorating the float for the carnival.________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．These discoveries all help us understand the capacity for life on our planet，even in the most
extreme ____________(circumstance)．
2．____________(occupy) in his research，he didn’t have time to go on holiday to relax
himself.
3．The change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning ____________(signal)
that we really have changed our planet.
4．Being a tough environment of complete darkness，enormous pressure and intense cold，the
ocean depths have long been ____________ the reach of human exploration.
5．Some machine learning experts said the system showed China’s latest progress in voice
recognition，text-to-speech technology and data ____________(analyse)．
6．To become an astronaut，a person must have a ____________(determine) will and a strong
desire to succeed.
7．The hurricane was so strong that all the passengers ____________ board fell into the river and
were killed.
8．After a spacecraft ____________(launch)，the astronaut should make sure it goes in the right
orbit.
9．Because the number of possible topics is practically ____________(limit)，we focus on a
sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools.10．It could even __________________(argue) that the Amish’s quality of life is better since
they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large，polluted cities.
11．Mankind is exploring space in ____________ hope of finding out more about the universe.
12．Every year，poisonous waste results ____________ major health problems，making us
worried.
13．China has become the first country ____________(land) a spacecraft on the far side of the
moon，which is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)．
14．Space exploration helps to address fundamental questions about our place in the universe，
________(make) us have a better understanding of the universe.
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供
的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况：
1.30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2.70%的同学认为太空值得探索；
3.你自己的观点。
完成句子
1．最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。(argument；宾语从句)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2．30%的人争辩说太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。(argue
that；现在分词短语作状语)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3．70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处。(attach；result in)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4．依我看，随着地球上有限的能源耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。(with
复合结构；run out)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5．人们相信有了进一步的太空研究，我们有一天可能通过转移到其他行星来解决人口问题。
(It is ＋过去分词＋that...)_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
语料积累 情感细节描写：震惊
shocked adj.震惊的 stun v．惊呆→stunned adj.惊呆的 amazement n．惊
愕；惊诧→amazed adj.惊诧的→amazing adj.令人惊诧的 astonish v．使惊讶
单词
→astonishment n．惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的→astonished adj.感到惊
讶的
to one’s shock/surprise/amazement/astonishment令人惊讶的是 wear a look of
surprise on one’s face面带惊讶的表情 be numb with surprise/shock惊呆 a
词块
look of surprise spread over/flash across one’s face脸上闪过惊讶的表情 too
surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock惊讶得说不出话
1.So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word.(倒装结构)她惊愕得说
不出话来。
2.They stopped in their tracks，raised their head and stared at him in amazement.
他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊奇地注视着他。
3.A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my
story.(无灵主语句)
句型 我的同伴听了我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。
4.At the the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb.
听到他去世的消息，我太过震惊，呆若木鸡。
5.Rose froze with shock，as if rooted on the ground.(比喻句)罗斯惊呆了，好
像扎根在地上一样。
6.I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.
我惊愕地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。
语料运用 ①____________________，news came that all astronauts on board returned safely，
and made a breakthrough in scientific research.People all over the country breathed a sigh of
relief.②_________________(倒装结构) his throat felt tight，③_______________(形容词短语作状语)．The news took a load off his mind.Once，the disasters made everyone sad and
disappointed ， but ④_________________ never died.Scientists and astronauts
⑤________________ so as to make contributions to all mankind and help people survive into the
future.
令人们惊叹的是，消息传来，机上所有航天员安全返回，并在科学研究上有了突破。全国人
民都松了一口气。总统如此激动，喉咙紧绷，一句话也说不出来。这则消息令他如释重负。
曾经，灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是人类探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。科学家和航
天员决心继续他们的研究，为全人类做出贡献，帮助人类在未来生存。
语境 34
填词语境词汇串记
1．themselves 2.disappointed 3.living 4.of 5.otherwise/or 6.to store 7.independently
8.(should) stop 9.which 10.significance
核心考点突破
1．(1)argument (2)into (3)argued/had an argument with each other about/over whether we
should；argue that；argue against
2．(1)for (2)His mother desired that he (should) become an astronaut after he grew up. (3)have
a strong desire to be an astronaut in the future
3．(1)carry on with (2)carried on walking slowly
(3)carry him through (4)was carried out
4．(1)to reach (2)to ask (3)to contact (4)to climb the ladder
巩固基础知识达标
Ⅰ.1.(1)B (2)C (3)A
2．(1)(气)流 (2)监视 (3)彩车
Ⅱ.1.circumstances 2.Occupied 3.signals 4.beyond
5．analysis 6.determined 7.on 8.is launched
9．limitless 10.be argued 11.the 12.in
13．to land 14.making
主题写作提能
应用文增分练
参考范文
Humans have always been desiring to explore space.Recently，students in our class have had
a heated argument about whether space is worth exploring.On the one hand,30% of us argue that space exploration is not worthwhile，thinking space is
too far away from us and our daily life.On the other hand,70% attach importance to space
exploration，believing that exploring space has resulted in a lot of benefits ，such as using
satellites for communication and weather forecast.
As far as I am concerned，with the limited energy sources running out on the earth，we must
find new ways to solve the problem of energy shortage.It is believed that with further space
research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day.
续写积累提能练
语料运用
①To people’s amazement ② So excited was the president that ③ unable to utter a word
④the desire of humans to explore the universe ⑤determined to carry on their research
