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2024 年中考英语新课标话题综合突破
08-人与自然(二)----宇宙探索(B卷)
本系列按照新课标主题内容要求的三大范畴—“人与自我”、“人与社会”“人与自然”8大主题群精选全
国各地2024年最新模拟试题。
每个主题群有A、B两套练习。A套难度适中；B套难度相对较高。
每套练习包括完形填空(2篇)、阅读理解(4篇)、任务型阅读(2篇)、短文填空(2篇)。
一、完形填空
A
(2024·陕西西安·一模)
Do you know what the word “Taikonaut” means? Compared with the word “astronaut”, we find both of the two
1 have the same last five letters. It has a relationship with the word “astronaut”.
“Taikonaut” is made up of “taikong” and “astronaut”. It means “Chinese astronaut”. It was 2 by a
Malaysian Chinese called Zhao Liyu. In Western countries, there was a word “astronaut”, 3 in Russia, there
was a word “cosmonaut”. So he thought that China should have her 4 word to call astronauts. The using of
the word “taikonaut” shows that China’s space industry is developing 5 , and has a place in the world.
In Nov. 1999, China sent Shenzhou-1 successfully. In Oct. 2003, China’s first taikonaut Yang Liwei returned
from 6 safely. On Oct. 16, 2021, the Shenzhou-13 mission (任务) sent three taikonauts to the space station
for a six-month stay. And China 7 the building of its space station in 2023.
On Feb. 15th 2022, Wang Yaping, one of the taikonauts on China’s space station offered people on Earth a zero-
gravity (失重状态) musical performance to 8 the Lantern, Festival. The video of the performance received
much enthusiasm (热情) after it was shared online. They also sent the best wishes to 9 at the Beijing Winter
Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve 10 , win friendship and get your best Olympic experience. ”
1．A．books B．words C．songs D．answers
2．A．invented B．accepted C．borrowed D．changed
3．A．if B．because C．and D．so
4．A．similar B．own C．famous D．lucky
5．A．quickly B．hardly C．politely D．heavily
6．A．hospital B．space C．museum D．restaurant
7．A．described B．saved C．checked D．completed
8．A．discover B．order C．celebrate D．review
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9．A．players B．parents C．students D．friends
10．A．news B．advice C．information D．success
【答案】1-5 B A C B A 6-10 B D C A D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国航天事业的发展史。
【小题1】句意：相比于单词“astronaut”，我们发现这两个单词的最后五个字母是相同的。
books书籍；words单词；songs歌曲；answers答案。对比这两个单词“ Taikonaut”和“astronaut”，它们最
后的五个字母是相同的。可知此处应是两个单词。故选B。
【小题2】句意：它是由一位叫做赵立宇的马来西亚华人发明的。
invented发明；accepted接受；borrowed借用；changed改变。根据上文可知，“Taikonaut” 是由“taikong”
和“astronaut”构成的，应是这位华人发明出来的词语。故选A。
【小题3】句意：在西方国家，有个单词是“astronaut”，并且在俄罗斯，有个单词是“cosmonaut”。
if如果；because因为；and并且；so所以。根据下文“So he thought that China should have her own word to
call astronauts.”可知，西方国家和俄罗斯都有自己对于宇航员的称呼，此处应表示并列。故选C。
【小题4】句意：所以他认为中国应该有自己的单词来称呼宇航员。
similar相似的；own自己的；famous出名的；lucky幸运的。根据“He thought that in Western countries, there
was a word ‘astronaut’...word to call astronauts. ”可知，他认为西方国家和俄罗斯都有自己的单词来称呼宇航员，
中国也应该有自己对宇航员的称呼。故选B。
【小题5】句意：“taikonaut”这个单词的使用展示了中国航天工业正在快速发展，并且在世界上占有一席之
地。
quickly快速地；hardly几乎不；politely礼貌地；heavily沉重地。此处需填副词修饰发展，quickly搭配
develop最符合语境，表示快速发展。故选A。
【小题6】句意：在2003年10月，第一位中国宇航员杨利伟安全从太空返回。
hospital医院；space太空；museum博物馆；restaurant饭馆。根据“taikonaut”可知，杨利伟是宇航员，应是
从太空返回。故选B。
【小题7】句意：并且中国在2023年建成了它的太空站。
described描述；saved保存；checked检查；completed使完整。此处需填动词搭配building，complete the
building意为“建筑建成”，符合语境。故选D。
【小题8】句意：2022年2月15日，中国空间站上的宇航员之一王亚平为地球上的人们提供了失重状态下
庆祝元宵节的音乐表演。
discover探索；order预定；celebrate庆祝；review复习。根据“the Lantern Festival”可知，元宵节为中国传
统佳节，这场表演是庆祝节日的。故选C。
【小题9】句意：他们也给在北京冬奥会的运动员们送去最好的祝福。
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players运动员；parents父母；students学生；friends朋友。根据“Beijing Winter Olympics”可知，在冬奥会
的应该是运动员。故选A。
【小题10】句意：我们希望你们所有人能够取得成功，赢得友谊并获得最棒的奥林匹克经历。
news新闻；advice建议；information信息；success成功。根据“achieve”可知，应搭配“success”意为“取
得成功”，符合语境。故选D。
B
(2024·四川广元·二模)
If you are dreaming of becoming an astronaut after you grow up, get started now! An astronaut needs a 1
body and mind. Astronauts are able to live upside-down (倒立). They do this not just during sleep, but also when
eating and going to the toilet. Before they live in space, they have lots of 2 . Each upside-down training
time 3 for 20 days.
Chinese astronauts aren’t just spaceship drivers but also machine 4 and scientists. They have to know
every 5 of the spaceship and how it works. If something goes wrong, they’ve got to know 6 to
repair it. Also they do scientific experiments in space.
Astronauts took a knife, a gun and some dye (染色水) with them into space to keep safe when returning to the
earth. If they land in 7 , the knife and the gun can protect them from wild animals. If they fall into the sea,
the dye can color the seawater around them yellow. This can drive 8 sea animals away.
Astronauts must be in good health. They can’t get a hurt or be 9 because they have to 10
many things. They’ve got no time for sickness.
1．A．similar B．strong C．poor D．smart
2．A．practice B．sports C．running D．information
3．A．keeps B．costs C．lasts D．lives
4．A．teachers B．painters C．engineers D．farmers
5．A．toilet B．person C．fact D．part
6．A．what B．why C．where D．how
7．A．forests B．streets C．cities D．parks
8．A．necessary B．lively C．dangerous D．lovely
9．A．lazy B．sick C．crazy D．strict
10．A．look after B．look at C．look up D．look out
【答案】1-5 B A C C D 6-10 D A C B A
【解析】本文主要讲述了宇航员所需要付出的辛劳及在太空中的任务和应对种种意外的方法。
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【小题1】句意：宇航员需要强壮的身体和坚强的意志。
similar相似的；strong强壮的；poor贫穷的；smart聪明的。根据下文“Astronauts are able to live upside-
down (倒立). They do this not just during sleep, but also when eating and going to the toilet...”可知，此处是指宇航
员需要强壮的身体和坚强的意志。故选B。
【小题2】句意：在进入太空生活之前，他们需要大量的练习。
practice练习；sports体育运动；running跑步；information信息。根据下文“Each upside-down training time ...
for 20 days.”可知，此处是指需要大量的练习。故选A。
【小题3】句意：每次倒立训练时间为20天。
keeps保持；costs花费；lasts持续；lives生活。根据空后“for 20 days”可知，此处是在描述每次倒立训练需
要持续20天。故选C。
【小题4】句意：中国宇航员不仅是宇宙飞船驾驶员，也是机器工程师和科学家。
teachers老师；painters画家；engineers工程师；farmers农民。根据下文“They have to know every ... of the
spaceship and how it works. If something goes wrong, they’ve got to know ... to repair it.”可知，此处是指中国宇
航员也是机器工程师。故选C。
【小题5】句意：他们必须了解宇宙飞船的每一个部分以及它是如何工作的。
toilet厕所；person人；fact事实；part部分。根据下文“If something goes wrong, they’ve got to know ... to
repair it.”可知，此处是指宇航员必须了解宇宙飞船的每一个部分。故选D。
【小题6】句意：如果出了问题，他们必须知道如何修复。
what什么；why为什么；where哪里；how怎样。根据“If something goes wrong”及“to repair it”可知，此处
是指知道如何修复故障。故选D。
【小题7】句意：如果他们降落在森林里，刀和枪可以保护他们免受野生动物的伤害。
forests森林；streets街道；cities城市；parks公园。根据下文“the knife and the gun can protect them from wild
animals”可知，野生动物应是出现在森林里。故选A。
【小题8】句意：这可以赶走危险的海洋动物。
necessary必要的；lively活泼的；dangerous危险的；lovely可爱的。根据前文“Astronauts took a knife, a gun
and some dye (染色水) with them into space to keep safe when returning to the earth.”可知，此处是指赶走危险的
海洋动物。故选C。
【小题9】句意：他们不能受伤或生病，因为他们要照顾很多事情。
lazy懒惰的；sick生病的；crazy疯狂的；strict严肃的。根据前文“Astronauts must be in good health.”及下文
“They’ve got no time for sickness.”可知，此处是指宇航员不能受伤或生病。故选B。
【小题10】句意：他们不能受伤或生病，因为他们要照顾很多事情。
look after照顾；look at看着；look up查阅；look out小心。结合语境及空后“many things”可知，此处是指
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宇航员要照顾很多事情。故选A。
二、阅读理解
A
（2024·四川成都·二模）
Do you still remember the time when Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut to go into space? More
than 20 years has passed and another 19 astronauts have already reached for the stars. They had gone through a lot
before they became such national heroes.
Astronauts face tons of challenges during space travels. For example, the changes in gravity(重力) can have
an influence on their bodies, and living in a small spacecraft for months can impair their health. And when
unexpected things happen, they have to use all their knowledge and problem - solving skills under huge pressure. So
it’s not surprising that astronauts have to go through some seriously difficult training to make sure they come back
home safely.
Huang Weifen, an expert on China’s manned space project, said in an interview with CCTV News that
astronauts need to learn about over 200 subjects during their training. They don’t just try their best to get fit—they
also study science theories, practice simulated (模拟) tasks and so on. One of the most tiring parts of this training is
underwater training. Huang explained that each time, astronauts spend up to six hours underwater wearing suits
weighing over 100 kilograms. Moving around becomes even harder because water makes everything feel heavy.
“Nie Haisheng once lost two kilograms of weight after completing an underwater training exercise,” Huang added.
Each astronaut has to prepare for at least eighteen months before they’re allowed to go into space.
You can’t imagine how hard the training is. Success always belongs to the one who has been well prepared.
Let’s look up to our national heroes.
1．How many Chinese astronauts have already traveled in the space so far?
A．19. B．20. C．22
2．What does the underlined word “impair” in Para 2 probably mean?
A．hurt B．check C．improve
3．Huang Weifen mentioned Nie Haisheng to show that ________.
A．astronauts are full of energy
B．underwater training is hard
C．training astronauts takes time
4．What’s the structure of the passage?
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A． B． C．
5．Which saying best shows the main idea of the passage?
A．The key to success is effort.
B．Every success story starts with a dream.
C．Success is falling nine times and getting up ten.
【答案】BABCA
【解析】本文主要讲述了宇航员进入太空前要经历的艰苦训练，告诉我们成功总是属于有充分准备的人。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据“Do you still remember the time when Yang Liwei became the first Chinese
astronaut to go into space? More than 20 years has passed and another 19 astronauts have already reached for the
stars.”可知，在杨利伟之后，又有19名宇航员，因此一共20名。故选B。
【小题2】词义猜测题。根据“For example, the changes in gravity(重力) can have an influence on their bodies,
and living in a small spacecraft for months can impair their health.”可知，在小型航天器中生活几个月会损害他
们的健康。因此划线单词的意思是“损害”。故选A。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据“One of the most tiring parts of this training is underwater training. Huang
explained that each time, astronauts spend up to six hours underwater wearing suits weighing over 100 kilograms.
Moving around becomes even harder because water makes everything feel heavy.”可知，水下训练非常艰难。故
选B。
【小题4】篇章结构题。第一段是总说宇航员进入太空前要经历很多；第二段是介绍他们会面临的挑战和训
练的必要性；第三段讲的是他们的艰苦训练；第四段总结全文，C项符合本文的结构。故选C。
【小题5】主旨大意题。根据“Success always belongs to the one who has been well prepared.”可知，本文告诉
我们，成功总是属于有充分准备的人，成功的关键是努力。故选A。
B
（2024·江苏无锡·一模）
The earth is now covered by space junk after nearly 70 years of space exploration. An accident in 2023 made
the clean-up more difficult to start.
According to the European Space Agency (ESA), scientists plan on testing their “junk truck”, ClearSpace-1,
in 2025. It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to the earth. One of its tasks is
to bring back VESPA, a 113-kilogram, two-metre-wide rocket part.
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But it was hit by another piece of space junk in August 2023, creating new pieces. The ESA is now changing
its clean-up plan. “We must reduce the creation of new space debris and begin to actively reduce the influence on
other objects,” said the agency.
Most satellites today are sent into the earth’s low orbit (轨道), which reach up to around 2,000 kilometres
above the earth. There, spacecraft are most likely to hit each other. There may be as many as 170,000,000 pieces of
space junk in orbit, according to the ESA．Big or small, any of the pieces can cause harm to a spacecraft. For
example, if an object as large as 10 centimeters hit s a satellite, the satellite will break apart.
As for the clean-up, scientists have some other ideas. One popular plan is to send a spacecraft carrying
harpoons and magnets (磁铁). The craft would shoot the harpoon to stick into the debris before “throwing” it back to
the earth. Magnets could move the debris, changing its direction. The debris would burn after entering the earth’s
atmosphere so there wouldn’t be much left when it reaches the earth. Scientists are also considering shooting lasers
from the spacecraft to heat up the debris surface, creating a small push that would change the debris’ orbit. This
change would allow the debris to be caught by the earth’s gravity.
Space junk can be very dangerous, and space agencies around the world are testing and planning the clean-up.
But why haven’t they done anything yet? One reason is the high cost. But they will still keep on testing the cheap
and fine clean-up.
1．What is the main purpose of ClearSpace-1?
A．To test the junk truck in orbit. B．To bring VESPA back to the earth.
C．To avoid the accidents in space. D．To clean up the debris from the earth’s orbit.
2．Why is the ESA changing its cleaning plan now?
A．Because it was hit by a satellite. B．Because it discovered more debris in orbit.
C．Because it will create new space junk. D．Because more satellites are sent into the earth.
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The lasers from the spacecraft are to burn the debris.
B．Space debris is dangerous and harmful to astronauts.
C．Scientists have been doing research to clean up the space debris.
D．The high cost of space cleaning will stop scientists from testing.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Looking for Ways to Clean up Space B．Escaping from Crowded Space
C．Dangerous Space Debris D．Excellent Space Exploration
【答案】DCCA
【解析】本文主要介绍了科学家们一直致力于清理太空碎片的研究。
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【小题1】细节理解题。根据“It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to the
earth.”可知，其主要目的是清理来自地球轨道上的碎片。故选D。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据“But it was hit by another piece of space junk in August 2023, creating new pieces.
The ESA is now changing its clean-up plan. ‘We must reduce the creation of new space debris and begin to actively
reduce the influence on other objects,’”可知，是因为它会产生新的太空垃圾。故选C。
【小题3】推理判断题。根据“But they will still keep on testing the cheap and fine clean-up.”可知，他们仍将继
续测试这种廉价而又精细的清理方法，由此可推知，科学家们一直在做清理太空碎片的研究。故选C。
【小题4】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学家们一直致力于清理太空碎片的研究，以选项A“寻找清理太
空的方法”为标题最合适。故选A。
C
（2024·广东深圳·一模）
Have you ever burped (打嗝) after a meal? Recently, scientists from Harvard University found a black hole that
“burped out” the star it had “eaten”.
Back in 2018, a small star was seen to be “eaten” by a black hole that is 665 million light years away from
Earth. Three years later, the same black hole became active again. This time, it began ejecting (喷出) materials of the
star at half the speed of light. This event is called AT2018hyz.
“This caught us completely by surprise —no one has ever seen anything like this before,” said Yvette Cendes, a
researcher on this.
A black hole’s eating of a star is called a tidal disruption event (TDE). Although TDEs happened a few times
before, but the ejecting has only taken place at the same time as the eating, not three years later. What’s more, the
speed of the materials ejected from the black hole is also unusual, as most TDE outflows travel at 10% the speed of
light rather than half of it.
The team thought about the possible reasons behind the event. They first turned to the density theory (密度理
论). If the density is very high around the black hole, the materials might be drawn out, causing a “burp”. Another
explanation was that the other TDEs happened in directions that could not be seen from Earth. So other black holes’
gravity drew the materials out.
However, scientists have not yet found the true reason. But they say they will work hard on it.
1．What does the author compare a black hole to?
A．A star. B．A meal. C．A person. D．A university.
2．What is TRUE about the black hole in Paragraph 2?
A．It was named AT2018hyz. B．It became active again in 2021.
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C．It moves at half the speed of light. D．It is 665 million light years away from the sun.
3．Why was Yvette Cendes surprised about AT2018hyz?
A．Black holes usually eject materials. B．TDEs have happened several times before.
C．The ejecting is three years later than the eating. D．The ejected materials travel at 10% the speed of
light.
4．What will scientists probably do in the future?
A．Write papers about stars. B．Give lectures on AT2018hyz.
C．Make movies about black holes. D．Conduct research on the reason.
5．What is the best title of this passage?
A．A Black Hole “Burped” B．How a TDE Happens
C．A Black Hole “Ate” a Star D．How the Density Theory Works
【答案】CBCDA
【解析】本文主要介绍了黑洞吞噬了一个小行星又把它喷出的事情。
【小题1】推理判断题。根据“Have you ever burped (打嗝) after a meal? Recently, scientists from Harvard
University found a black hole that ‘burped out’ the star it had ‘eaten’.”可知作者通过举例打嗝来形容黑洞把小行
星给喷出，因此这里把黑洞比作人。故选C。
【小题2】细节理解题。根据“Back in 2018, a small star was seen to be ‘eaten’ by a black hole that is 665 million
light years away from Earth. Three years later, the same black hole became active again.”可知2021年，这个黑洞
又再次活跃了起来。故选B。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据“This time, it began ejecting (喷出) materials of the star at half the speed...us
completely by surprise—no one has ever seen anything like this before,”和“but the ejecting has only taken place at
the same time as the eating, not three years later.”可知，Yvette Cendes对AT2018hyz感到惊讶的原因是，黑洞在
吞噬行星三年后才开始喷出物质，这是前所未有的。故选C。
【小题4】推理判断题。根据“However, scientists have not yet found the true reason. But they say they will work
hard on it.”可知科学家们会做进一步的研究调查相关原因。故选D。
【小题5】最佳标题题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要介绍的是黑洞“打嗝”喷出了曾经被“吃掉”的小行
星。故选A。
D
（2024·湖北武汉·一模）
Strange events in the sky, such as speeding lights or flying objects, which cannot be explained are called UFOs.
Some people believe they could be a sign of aliens.
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Many people think there are intelligent life forms in the universe (宇宙) other than humans. However, millions
of pounds have been spent searching for aliens and no one has found proof (证据). Some people think it is a waste of
money and people’s skills. So, is searching for aliens worth the money and effort? Here are two different voices.
It’s a mystery that needs to be solved. “Are humans alone in the universe?” is a question that has inspired
centuries of debate (辩论), dating back thousands of years and at least as far as the ancient Greeks. It is a question
that has inspired hundreds of books and films, which shows how important it is to people. If someone sees a UFO,
we need to find out what it is. Scientists searching for aliens could create new technologies and these could do good
to Earth. For example, the small, lightweight camera on phones was developed so astronauts could take photos in
space. Plus, if we were to discover aliens, we might be able to share knowledge with each other and create
friendships across the universe.
________ There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change. People should
focus energy on these rather than searching the universe for aliens that might not even exist (存在). Many people
have spent lots of money trying to find signs of alien life and there is no result. Videos of flashing lights and strange
objects in the sky might make good stories but in fact there is probably a reasonable explanation, such as a dirty
mark on the camera lens (镜头). Besides, if aliens do exist, they will probably find us first so we might as well stop
wasting our energy on them and spend it making Earth a better place to live.
1．Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ________.
A．what aliens are like B．what people’s different opinions are
C．how people found proof D．how much money has been wasted
2．According to paragraph 3, searching for aliens could ________.
A．make people more friendly B．have started from ancient Greeks
C．inspire humans’ creativity D．develop the entertainment business
3．Which of the following can be put in ________?
A．Humans have tried for years to find UFOs B．People should put more effort into space
C．The money could be put to better use D．More discoveries do good to Earth
4．The underlined word “these” refers to ________.
A．signs of alien life B．stories on science
C．videos of flashing lights D．problems on Earth
5．A debate is given to make readers ________.
A．discuss a subject B．show off abilities
C．compete for a prize D．learn from mistakes
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【答案】BCCDA
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们对于“花很多钱和精力去寻找外星人是否值得”这一问
题，所给出的不同想法和观点。
【小题1】主旨大意题。根据“Many people think there are intelligent life forms in the universe (宇宙) other than
humans. However, millions of pounds have been spent searching for aliens and no one has found proof (证据). Some
people think it is a waste of money and people’s skills”可知，许多人认为除了人类之外，宇宙中还有智慧生命。
然而，已经花费了数百万英镑寻找外星人，但没有人找到证据。有些人认为这是浪费金钱和人们的技能。
故第二段主要聚焦于人们的不同意见是什么。故选B。
【小题2】推理判断题。根据“Scientists searching for aliens could create new technologies and these could do
good to Earth”可知，寻找外星人的科学家可以创造新技术，这些技术对地球有好处。故可推测出，寻找外星
人这件事可以激发人类的创造力。故选C。
【小题3】推理判断题。根据“Here are two different voices”、“It’s a mystery that needs to be solved”和
“There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候) change”可知，此处针对“花很多钱
和精力去寻找外星人是否值得”这一问题，有两种观点，一种是支持的，认为这是一个需要解开的谜。而
另一种应该是反对的，他们认为地球上就有许多重要的问题，故可推测出，空格处句子应是反对寻找外星
人的，并且认为用来找外星人的钱和精力应该用于解决地球上的问题。选项C“这笔钱可以用在更好的地
方”符合语境。故选C。
【小题4】词句猜测题。根据“There are many important problems here on Earth—such as climate (气候)
change. People should focus energy on these rather than searching the universe for aliens that might not even exist
(存在)”可知，地球上有许多重要的问题，比如气候变化。人们应该把精力集中在这些方面，而不是在宇宙
中寻找可能根本不存在的外星人，故划线单词指代的是地球上的许多重要问题。故选D。
【小题5】推理判断题。通读全文和“‘Are humans alone in the universe?’ is a question that has inspired
centuries of debate (辩论)...It is a question that has inspired hundreds of books and films...”可推测出，辩论是为了
让读者讨论一个话题。故选A。
三、任务型阅读
A
(2024·广东江门·一模)
请阅读下面短文，回答所提的问题，把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。
Gui Haichao is a bright star in many people’s eyes. On May 30th, 2023, he took the Shenzhou-16 to the space
station. He became China’s first civilian (平民) astronaut to go into space.
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Gui comes from Yunnan. Now in his 30s, Gui works as a teacher at Beihang University. He believes
“Knowledge can change your life.” and “Nothing is impossible.”
“He likes reading very much,” said Gui Haiyi, Gui Haichao’s younger brother. “He reads books every day. He
sets a good example for us.”
Yang Hongzhu is Gui’s high school teacher. He said, “Gui could make good use of time. He was the first one to
come to the classroom every morning. Then he sat at his desk and began to read. He liked asking teachers and
classmates questions in the school in the day time. After school, he would study late into the night.” He studied very
hard, so his classmates’ parents liked calling him “the boy next door”.
“As students, we should have our own dreams and study hard to make them come true.” Gui kept this in mind
and encouraged himself and his classmates to do so when he was in the high school and the university.
1. How did Gui Haichao fly to the space station?
____________________________________________________________
2. Which university does Gui Haichao teach at?
____________________________________________________________
3. What does he believe?
____________________________________________________________
4. Why was Gui Haichao called “the boy next door” by others?
____________________________________________________________
5. What did Gui Haichao say to encourage himself and his classmates?
____________________________________________________________
【答案】
【小题1】He flew to the space station by Shenzhou-16./By Shenzhou-16.
【小题2】Beihang University./He teaches at Beihang University.
【小题3】 He believes "Knowledge can change your life." and “Nothing is impossible.""Knowledge can change
your life." and“Nothing is impossible.”
【小题4】Because he studied very hard.
【小题5】 As students, we should have our own dreams and study hard to make them come true./ We should have
our own dreams and study hard to make them come true.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了神舟十六号航天员桂海潮的励志人生。
【小题1】根据第一段“0n May 30th,2023,he took the Shenzhou-16 to the space station.”可知，桂海潮乘坐神舟
十六号前往空间站。故填He flew to the space station by Shenzhou-16./By Shenzhou-16.
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【小题2】根据第二段“Now in his 30s,Gui works as a teacher at Beihang University.”可知，他在北京航空航天
大学任教。故填Beihang University./He teaches at Beihang University.
【小题3】根据第二段“He believes 'Knowledge can change your life.’ and 'Nothing is impossible.”可知，他相信
“知识可以改变生活“和“没有什么是不可能的”，故填He believes “Knowledge can change your life."
and“Nothing is impossible."/“Knowledge can change your life." and “Nothing is impossible."
【小题4】根据第四段“He studied very hard, so his classmates’ parents liked calling him “the boy next door'."可
知，他学习很努力所以他同学的父母喜欢叫他“邻家男孩”。故填Because he studied very hard.
【小题5】根据最后一段“" As students, we should have our own dreams and study hard to make them come true.’
Gui kept this in mind and encouraged himself and his classmates to do so when he was in the high school and the
university."”可知，为了鼓励自己和同学，桂海潮曾说“作为学生，我们应该有自己的梦想，努力学习，让
它们成真”。故填As students,we should have our own dreams and study hard to make them come true./We should
have our own dreams and study hard to make them come true.
B
(2024·山东青岛·一模)
1. The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun. None of them
has an environment like that of the earth. That means these planets have no (or not enough) water or air for living
things. So scientists do not think they will find life on the other planets.
2. The sun and its planets are called the solar system, and our solar system is a small part of a much larger group
of stars and planets, called the Galaxy. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.
3. Scientists have also discovered many other galaxies in the universe. They are very far away and their light
has to travel for many years to reach us. So how large is the universe? It is impossible to imagine. Scientists have
sent spaceships to the planet Mars to take photos. They have even sent spaceships to travel outside the solar system.
However, no spaceship has traveled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.
4. Scientists have always asked the questions: with so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life
out there in space? Have there been visitors to the earth from other planets? Why has no one communicated with us?
We do not know the answers... yet.
1. 选择(只填字母代号)，请将下列三个选项按照体积大小排列：
A. the Galaxy B. the earth C. the sun D. the universe
D > ________ > ________ > ________
2. The title of this passage is ________
A．Anyone out there? B．Life on the Earth. C．The Sun and Other Stars.
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3. 英译汉：their light has to travel for many years to reach us
___________________________________________________
根据文章内容回答问题
4. How many planets does the sun have?
__________________________________________________
5. Why do scientists think there are no living things on the other planets?
__________________________________________________
6. What is called the Galaxy?
__________________________________________________
7. 填空
①“They” in the third paragraph means ________.
Elon Musk is among these scientists. He is the CEO of SpaceXTM. He wants to build a community on Mars. He
imagines a million people will live there someday. He will send 100 people to Mars in 2024. Two years later, 100
more will go. Every two years, 100 people will travel there. They will build a community and there will be homes
and shops.
②In the picture Elon Musk says, “Though ________.”
③As a teenager, I think that life on Mars ________ (请写出预测和原因). Let’s ________ (结合预测写出展
望).
【答案】
【小题1】A C B
【小题2】A
【小题3】它们的光要经过很多年才能到达我们这里
【小题4】8/Eight.
【小题5】 Because none of them has an environment like that of the earth. That means these planets have no (or
not enough) water or air for living things.
【小题6】Our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy.
【小题7】
①scientists
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②talent can get you far, hard work can get you anywhere
③will be better than that on Earth in many ways because there are more resources and less people on Mars
try our best to explore and do more researches
【解析】本文主要探讨地球之外是否有生命存在，介绍了宇宙的构成及科学家们对宇宙的探索，但地球之
外是否存在生命仍是一个谜团。
【小题1】根据“Scientists have also discovered many other galaxies in the universe.”可知，宇宙中有许多其他
星系;根据“There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.”可知，银河系中有数十亿颗
恒星，而我们的太阳只是其中之一;根据“The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. Seven other planets
also go around the sun.”可知，地球是一颗行星，它绕着太阳转，其他七颗其他七颗行星也围绕太阳运行。由
此可知，宇宙D＞银河系A＞太阳C＞地球B。故填A;C;B。
【小题2】通读全文可知，地球已经有生命数亿年了，除了地球外，其他行星没有发现生命的存在。科学家
还在宇宙中发现了其他星系，但没有飞船可以到达银河系的其他恒星，因此，其他星系是否存在生命，尚
未得知。综上，A选项“Anyone out there?”最符合文意，为最佳标题。故选A。
【小题3】their light它们的光，has to travel for many years要经过很多年，to reach us到达我们这里。故填:它
们的光要经过很多年才能到达我们这里。
【小题4】根据“The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun.”可知，
地球是一颗行星它绕着太阳转，其他七颗行星也围绕太阳运行。所以太阳有8颗行星，故填8/Eight.
【小题5】根据“None of them has an environment like that of the earth. That means these planets have no (or not
enough) water or air for living things. So scientists do not think they will find life on the other planets."可知，它们
都没有像地球那样的环境。这意味着这些行星没有(或不够)生命所需的水或空气。所以科学家们不认为他们
会在其他星球上找到生命。故填Because none of them has an environment like that of the earth. That means these
planets have no (or not enough) water or air for living things.
【小题6】 根据“The sun and its planets are called the solar system, and our solar system is a small part of a
much larger group of stars and planets,called the Galaxy:”可知，太阳和它的行星被称为太阳系，我们的太阳系
是一个更大的恒星和行星群的一小部分，这个群被称为银河系。故填Our solar system is a small part of a
much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy。
【小题7】 根据“Scientists have sent spaceships to the planet Mars to take photos. They have even sent
spaceships to travel outside the solar system.”"可知，科学家们已经向火星发射了宇宙飞船来拍照。他们甚至发
射宇宙飞船到太阳系外旅行。此处They指的是“Scientists”，所以①处填scientists。英文关联词though和
but二选一，所以②处填talent can get you far, hard work can get you anywhere。③开放性试题，言之有理即可。
四、短文填空
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A
(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·一模)
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
The Shenzhou-17 manned mission (飞行任务) has a unique logo which was designed by a university student,
Tan Haoyu.
When she was a child, Tan loved drawing. She always s 1 hours copying her favourite characters. Her art
teacher once told her she had no talent for art. However, it did not stop her from following her d 2 . She kept on
working hard. Her hard work paid off at last. Her design has been selected (选定) for the Shenzhou-17 mission. And
it is the only student work that is c 3 in the history of China’s manned space engineering.
Tan’s design of the logo is creative. She focused on expressing the necessary information, such as the space
station, stars, the earth, and the u 4 . The spaceship is in the center and its tail flame is the n 5 “17.” She
enjoyed the challenge of combining these things to create the best possible design. A 6 it was not easy work, Tan
worked hard to create the logo. It can pass on the mission’s message. It is a circular (圆形的) design w 7 a blue
background. Tan believes it could get people to think of space and the sky.
Besides her success in design, Tan also enjoys creating other artworks in her f 8 time. Her drawing style is
charming and playful. Now Tan feels a s 9 of confidence as a designer, “Whenever I doubt myself, this
experience will e 10 me to stick to the path of design.”
【答案】
【小题1】(s)pent
【小题2】(d)ream
【小题3】(c)hosen
【小题4】(u)niverse
【小题5】(n)umber
【小题6】(A)lthough
【小题7】(w)ith
【小题8】(f)ree
【小题9】(s)ense
【小题10】(e)ncourage
【解析】本文主要介绍了大学生谭吴瑜设计神舟17号载人航天任务标志的故事。
【小题1】句意:她总是花几个小时临摹她最喜欢的人物。结合上文“Tan loved drawing”和首字母“s”可知，
此处是指她会花时间去临摹喜欢的人物，考查spend time doing st.“花时间做某事”，动词短语;句子时态为一
般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式spent。故填(s)pent。
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【小题2】句意:然而，这并没有阻止她追求自己的梦想。结合上文“Her art teacher once told her she had no
talent for art.”和首字母“d”可知，此处是指追随梦想;dream“梦想”，可数名词;结合句意和空前her可知，这
里应用名词单数形式。故填(d)ream。
【小题3】句意:这是中国载人航天工程历史上唯一入选的学生作品。结合上文“Her design has been selected
for the Shenzhou-17mission.”"和备选词汇可知，此处是指谭的作品是入选的唯一学生作品;choose“选择”，动
词;关系代词tat指代"the only student work”，与动词choose是被动关系，应用被动语态，因此这里应用
choose的过去分词chosen。故填(c)hosen。
【小题4】句意:她专注于表达必要的信息，比如空间站、星星、地球、宇宙。结合“the space
station,stars,the earth”和首字母“u”可知，此处是指宇宙，universe“字宙”，名词，the universe为指的是我们
所知道的整个字宙，应用名词单数形式。故填(u)niverse.
【小题5】句意:宇宙飞船在中间，它的尾焰是数字“17”。结合“17”和首字母“"”可知，此处表示数字
“17”;number“'数字”，名词，此处用名词单数形式。故填(n)umber。
【小题6】句意:虽然这不是一件容易的工作，但谭还是很努力地创造了这个标志。分析句子结构可知，前后
两句为让步关系，又根据首字母“”可知，此处应用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字
母要大写。故填(A)lthough。
【小题7】句意:这是一个蓝色背景的圆形设计。句子已经含有be动词is，结合首字母“w"可知，此处应用
介词with表示“带有”。故填(w)ith。
【小题8】句意:除了在设计上的成功，她还喜欢在业余时间创作其他艺术作品。结合“in her...time"和首字
母“P可知，此处是指在她的业余时间里，考查in one's fee time“在某人空闲时间"，介词短语，其中free“空
闲的”，形容词，在句中作定语，修饰名词time.故填(f)ree。
【小题9】句意:现在，谭作为一个设计师有了一种自信，“每当我怀疑自己的时候，这段经历会鼓励我坚持
设计的道路。”结合上文“her success in design"和首字母“s”"可知，此处是指感受到一种自信;考查a sense
of“一种感觉”，其中sense“感觉”，名词，此处用单数形式。故填(s)ense。
【小题10】句意:现在，谭作为一个设计师有了一种自信，“每当我怀疑自己的时候，这段经历会鼓励我坚
持设计的道路。”结合句意和首字母“c”可知，此处是指这段经历鼓励着谭吴瑜坚持设计的道路，考查
encourage sb.to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，固定搭配，其中encourage“鼓励”，动词;根据空前“will”可知，
此处用动词原形。故填(e)ncourage。
B
(2024·江苏盐城·一模)
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
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The Chang’e-6 will be launched (发射) this year. And it will c 1 samples (样本) from the far side of the
moon. This is a b 2 challenge for scientists and Chang’e-6. And they will be sure to become the p 3 of
Chinese people.
On December 17, 2020, Chang’e 5 r 4 to Earth with 1,731 grams of lunar samples. The scientists
discovered the new mineral w 5 they were studying the samples. And the new mineral was n 6 “Changesite-
( Y )”. Changesite-(Y) is the sixth new mineral discovered on the moon by h 7 . China has become the
t 8 country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet Union. This is a
great a 9 China has made in the field of space science. And it is also a successful cooperation b 10 nuclear
(原子能的) and aerospace fields.
According to a white paper, China will continue its lunar exploration with the future Chang’e-7 and Chang’e-8
missions.
【答案】
【小题1】(c)ollect
【小题2】(b)ig
【小题3】(p)ride
【小题4】(r)eturned
【小题5】(w)hen/(w)hile
【小题6】(n)amed
【小题7】(h)umans
【小题8】(t)hird
【小题9】(a)chievement
【小题10】(b)etween
【解析】本文介绍了今年即将发射嫦娥六号，同时介绍了嫦娥五号的任务，以及中国在航天上取得的成就
小题1】句意:它将从月球背面收集样本，根据“Samples (样本)from the far side of the moon”及首字母可知，
从月球上收集样本，collect“收集”，will后接动词原形，故填(c)ollect。
【小题2】句意:这对科学家和嫦娥六号来说都是一个巨大的挑战。根据 This is a...challenge for scientists and
Chang’e-6.及首字母可知，这将是一个大的挑战，故填(b)ig。
【小题 3】句意:它们一定会成为中国人民的骄傲。根据“And they will be sure to become the of Chinese
people.”可知，从月球背面收集样本是一个大的挑战，如果成功了这将会是中国人的骄傲，根据 the以及of
可知，此空应填名词pride“骄傲”，如果故填(p)ride.
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【小题4】句意:2020年12月17日，娥五号带着1731克月球样本返回地球。根据“to Earth”及首字母可知
此处指返回地球return“返回”，根据“0n December 17,2020”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故
填(r)eturned。
【小题5】句意:科学家们在研究样品时发现了这种新矿物。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少引导时间状语从句
的连词，结合首字母w可知，用when或while表示“当......时”，故填(w)hen/(w)hile。
【小题6】句意:这种新矿物被命名为“Changesite-(Y)”。根据"Changesite-(Y)”可知，被命名为Changesite-
(Y)，name“命名”was与过去分词构成一般过去时被动语态，故填(n)amed。
【小题7】句意:Changesite-(Y)是人类在月球上发现的第六种新矿物。根据“discovered on the moon by"及首
字母可知，这是由人类发现的，human“人类”，此空应填复数形式，故填(h)umans。
【小题8】句意:中国已成为继美国和苏联之后，世界上第三个在月球上发现新矿物的国家。根据“ China
has become the ...country in the world to find new minerals on the moon after the United States and the Soviet
Union.”可知，继美国和苏联之后，第三个发现新矿物的国家，third“第三”，用序数词表示顺序，故填
(t)hird。
【小题9】句意:这是中国在空间科学领域取得的一项伟大成就。根据“This is a great...China has made in the
field of space science”"可知，中国是第三个发现新矿物的国家，这是取得的一项伟大成就，achievemen“成
就”，根据a可知，此空应填单数形式，故填(a)chievement。
【小题10】句意:这也是核能和航空航天领域的成功合作。between..and“在.….和…之间”，故填(b)etween。
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