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2024 年中考英语新课标话题综合突破
03-人与社会(二)----历史、社会与文化 (A卷)
本系列按照新课标主题内容要求的三大范畴—“人与自我”、“人与社会”“人与自然”8大主题群精选全
国各地2024年最新模拟试题。
每个主题群有A、B两套练习。A套难度适中；B套难度相对较高。
每套练习包括完形填空(2篇)、阅读理解(4篇)、任务型阅读(1篇)、短文填空(2篇)、书面表达(2篇)。
一、完形填空
A
(2024·宁夏银川·一模)
Almost every Chinese person knows the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from
hard work (谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” 1 sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these
lines: Don’t waste food.
A CCTV program reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is much enough to feed 200
million people for a year. Do we have too 2 food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food
Program, there were 828 million 3 people around the world in 2022, especially in developing countries.
Chinese people are famous 4 being friendly. Many Chinese 5 even think that they lose face
if their guests (客人) eat all the food on the table. 6 , many people know the importance of saving food now.
Here are some rules for you to save food.
Don’t order too much in the 7 . Only order as much as you can eat. If you cannot eat all the food,
take the rest of 8 to your home.
Don’t 9 any food in your bowls when you have meals.
Remember, we should take these rules 1 0 .
1．A．Although B．But C．So D．Because
2．A．many B．little C．much D．few
3．A．hungry B．old C．fat D．healthy
4．A．in B．of C．as D．for
5．A．workers B．hosts C．farmers D．waiters
6．A．Hardly B．Unluckily C．Luckily D．Usually
7．A．restaurant B．school C．hospital D．library
8．A．him B．them C．mine D．it
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9．A．eat B．leave C．drink D．wash
10．A．seriously B．happily C．sadly D．finally
【答案】1-5 B C A D B 6-10 C A D B A
【解析】本文主要介绍了浪费粮食现象的严重性，呼吁大家要节约粮食，并给出了一些建议。
【小题1】句意：但是令人难过的是，我们中的许多人并没有真正理解这句话的真正含义：不要浪费食物。
Although尽管；But但是；So因此；Because因为。根据上文“Every grain on the plate comes from hard work”
可知，前后两句之间构成转折关系，因此选But。故选B。
【小题2】句意：我们的食物太多了吗？
many许多，修饰可数名词复数；little很少，修饰不可数名词；much许多，修饰不可数名词；few很少，修
饰可数名词复数。根据“too...food? Of course not.”可知，此处考查too much“太多”，后接不可数名词，其
他选项不符合句意，故选C。
【小题3】句意：根据联合国世界粮食计划署的数据，2022年全球有8.28亿饥饿人口，尤其是在发展中国
家。
hungry饥饿的；old年老的；fat胖的；healthy健康的。根据上文“Do we have too...food? Of course not.”可知，
此处指饥饿人口，因此选hungry。故选A。
【小题4】句意：中国人以友好和大方而闻名。
in 在……里面；of……的；as 作为；for 因为。根据“are famous...being friendly”可知，考查 be famous
for“因……而著名”。故选D。
【小题5】句意：许多中国主人甚至认为，如果他们的客人吃光了桌子上所有的食物，他们会丢面子。
workers工人；hosts主人；farmers农民；waiters服务员。根据“their guests”可知，客人对应的是主人，故
选B。
【小题6】句意：幸运的是，许多人现在明白了节约粮食的重要性。
Hardly几乎不；Unluckily不幸地；Luckily幸运地；Usually通常。根据上文“even think that they lose face if
their guests (客人) eat all the food on the table”再结合“many people know the importance of saving food now. ”可
知，这是幸运的事情。故选C。
【小题7】句意：在餐馆里不要点太多。
restaurant餐馆；school学校；hospital医院；library图书馆。根据“Only order as much as you can eat.”可知，
应该是在餐馆里。故选A。
【小题8】句意：如果你不能吃光你点的食物，把剩下的带回家。
him他；them他们；mine我的；it它。根据“If you cannot eat all the food”可知，此处指“把剩下的食物带回
家”，因此选it代指上文的food。故选D。
【小题9】句意：吃饭时，不要把食物留在碗里。
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eat吃；leave留下；drink饮；wash洗。根据“Don’t...any food in your bowls when you have meals.”可知，吃
饭时，不要把食物留在碗里，其他选项不符合句意，故选B。
【小题10】句意：记住，我们应该认真对待这些规定。
seriously认真地；happily快乐地；sadly伤心地；finally最终。根据“Remember”可知，此处指我们应该认真
对待这些规定，因此选seriously，take...seriously意为“认真对待……”。故选A。
B
(2024·河南漯河·一模)
Xiong Chuanfa, 36, has been working with sugar figurines (糖人), a traditional Chinese folk art with a history
of over 600 years, for more than 20 years.
Every morning, Xiong drives to areas near Wanshou Palace, one of the most 1 blocks in Nanchang,
Jiangxi. And then he starts 2 sugar figurines.
“Many people are interested in this, 3 kids,” Xiong said. “After all, they don’t see it often. Some
think that I’m doing a 4 show.”
Simon, a young man from Australia who ever studied at Nunehang Hangkong University, lost 5 in a
sugar Monkey King at Xiong’s stall (摊位). It was so 6 . He couldn’t help thinking what it would be like
7 he tried to make one himself. And then he did.
“It looks easy, but actually very difficult to do it on my own,” said Simon after several 8 . With
Xiong’s help, Simon finally 9 a horse gradually taking shape in front of his eyes.
“I can’t believe I’ve done this,” Simon said with 1 0 .
Xiong often shows his 1 1 beside colleges or universities to draw the young closer to the traditional
art. For this reason, he is ready to make them 1 2 its charm (魅力).
Xiong said that blowing sugar figurines can 1 3 the Ming Dynasty and that his family has been
doing this for four generations (一代人). “Every traditional folk art in China should have a 1 4 , and people
like us are here to make sure of that,” he added. “They are symbols of the Chinese culture. They should be 15
around the world. I hope that one day the rest of the world can enjoy it too—a sweet taste of China.”
1．A．special B．popular C．creative D．educational
2．A．blowing B．littering C．knocking D．cutting
3．A．gradually B．hardly C．especially D．nearly
4．A．simple B．magic C．humorous D．typical
5．A．itself B．myself C．herself D．himself
6．A．soft B．sweet C．real D．ugly
7．A．unless B．so C．though D．if
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8．A．tries B．wishes C．visits D．orders
9．A．drew B．saw C．rode D．tied
10．A．agreement B．argument C．excitement D．encouragement
11．A．skills B．grades C．secrets D．rules
12．A．expect B．experience C．explain D．express
13．A．look up to B．pay attention to C．look forward to D．date back to
14．A．pity B．hobby C．future D．dream
15．A．spread B．caught C．held D．spoken
【答案】1-5 B A C B D 6-10 C D A B C 11-15 A B D C A
【解析】本文主要介绍了吹糖人艺术的传承者——熊传发。
【小题1】句意：每天早上，熊都会驱车前往江西南昌最受欢迎的街区之一万寿宫附近。
special特别的；popular受欢迎的；creative有创造力的；educational有教育意义的。根据“drives to areas
near Wanshou Palace, one of the most”以及常识可知应是去最受欢迎的地方吹糖人。故选B。
【小题2】句意：然后他开始吹糖人。
blowing吹；littering扔垃圾；knocking敲；cutting切。根据“sugar figurines.”可知是吹糖人。故选A。
【小题3】句意：多人对此感兴趣，尤其是孩子们。
gradually逐渐地；hardly几乎不；especially尤其；nearly几乎。根据“Many people are interested in this...”可
知孩子尤其对吹糖人感兴趣。故选C。
【小题4】句意：有些人认为我在表演魔术。
simple简单的；magic魔法的；humorous幽默的；typical典型的。根据“they don’t see it often”可知有些人没
有见过吹糖人，有些人认为吹糖人是魔术。故选B。
【小题5】句意：西蒙，一个来自澳大利亚的年轻人，曾就读于南京航空大学，沉迷在熊的摊位上的一只糖
猴王。
itself它自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；himself他自己。根据“Simon, a young man from Australia”可
知此处是他自己。故选D。
【小题6】句意：它是如此真实。
soft柔软的；sweet甜的；real真的；ugly丑陋的。根据“a sugar Monkey King”可知他吹的糖人应该很真实，
所以吸引人。故选C。
【小题7】句意：如果他试着自己做一个会是什么样子。
unless除非；so所以；though虽然；if如果。后句是前句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。
【小题8】句意：西蒙在几次尝试后说：“这看起来很容易，但实际上很难独自完成。”
tries尝试；wishes希望；visits参观；orders命令。根据“said Simon after several”可知是试了几次后觉得很难。
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故选A。
【小题9】句意：在熊的帮助下，西蒙终于看到一匹马在他眼前逐渐成型。
drew画；saw看；rode骑；tied系。根据“a horse gradually taking shape in front of his eyes”可知是看到一匹马
逐渐成型。故选B。
【小题10】句意：西蒙兴奋地说：“我简直不敢相信我会这么做。”
agreement同意；argument争论；excitement兴奋；encouragement鼓励。根据“I can’t believe I’ve done this”
可知他做成了，所以是很兴奋。故选C。
【小题11】句意：熊经常在高校旁展示自己的技艺，吸引年轻人亲近传统艺术。
skills技能；grades成绩；secrets秘密；rules规则。根据“Xiong often shows his”可知是展示他的吹糖人技艺。
故选A。
【小题12】句意：因此，他准备让他们体验传统艺术的魅力。
expect期待；experience体验；explain解释；express表达。根据“its charm”可知是体验传统艺术的魅力。故
选B。
【小题13】句意：熊说，吹糖人可以追溯到明代，他的家族已经四代人在吹糖人了。
look up to仰慕；pay attention to注意；look forward to期待；date back to追溯到。根据“the Ming Dynasty”可
知吹糖人追溯到明代。故选D。
【小题14】句意：中国的每一种传统民间艺术都应该有未来，像我们这样的人在这里就是为了确保这一点。
pity遗憾；hobby爱好；future未来；dream梦。根据“people like us are here to make sure of that”可知他是他
们传统艺人在传播传统艺术，让这些传统艺术也有未来。故选C。
【小题15】句意：它们应该传播到世界各地。
spread传播；caught抓住；held举行；spoken说。根据“around the world”可知是希望传统艺术可以传播到全
世界。故选A。
二、阅读理解
A
(2024·江苏连云港·一模)
The Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period was an age of great culture development in China. Here
are some great characters of that time.
Shang Yang reformed many fields. Before the reform (改革，变法), he placed a log (原
木) at the gate and promised, “If someone can move the log, he will get a reward.” No one
believed him until someone moved the log and Shang really gave him the reward.
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Do you know Lu Ban lock? It is a removable toy. Lu Ban created it for his son. His son
studied all night before opening it. He also invented many tools and weapons (武器).
Once, an official fell unconscious (昏迷的). Everyone thought he was dead except Bian
Que. Bian Que felt his weak pulse (脉搏) and said. “He will wake up in two days.” Two
days later, the official woke up. Everyone was amazed.
When Bo Ya played guqin, even the horses looked up, listened to his music and stopped
eating. Bo Ya’s friend, Zhong Ziqi, understood his music. They liked each other. After
Zhong died, Bo broke his guqin and never played such instruments any more.
1. Why did Shang Yang make a promise before the reform?
A．To give people a reward. B．To make people believe him.
C．To sell the log at the market. D．To fix the gate of the building.
2. According to the passage, we can know that _____________.
A．Shang Yang failed his reform B．Zhong Ziqi was good at playing guqin
C．Lu Ban was an ancient inventor D．Bian Que once made a dead person back to life
3. What’s the main theme of the passages above?
A．Chinese medicine. B．Traditional music.
C．Famous ancient Chinese. D．Important inventions.
【答案】BCC
【解析】本文介绍了春秋战国时期的几位著名人物。
【小题1】推理判断题。根据“'Before the reform, he placed a log(原木) at the gate and promised..Shang Yang
really gave him aprize"可知，商鞅要进行变法改革，势必要先行获取民众的信任，在变法之前他将许下的奖
赏兑现，成功取得了民众的信任，故选B。
【小题2】推理判断题。根据“He also invented many tools and weapons(武器).”"他还发明了许多工具和武器，
所以鲁班是著名的发明家。故选C。
【小题3】主旨大意题。根据“Here are some great characters of that time.”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了商鞅、
鲁班、扁鹊、伯牙和钟子期几位著名的春秋战国时期的人物。故选C。
B
(2024·安徽安庆·一模 )
The word “Yongfeng” in Chinese means forever wealth. It is also the name of a village in Jilin Province.
Growing up in Yongfeng Village, 23-year-old Jin Wanting valued fun days playing games in the fields and missed
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sweet potatoes in winter. These joyful childhood moments became her happiest memories. She thinks it is a valuable
ground that connects her past with future.
While in college, Jin learned computer science and planned to be a programmer. However, an invitation from
the village officer changed her mind. “The village is developing, and it needs skilled young people. I considered
returning to the village as a great chance to both challenge myself and contribute (做贡献) to my hometown,” she
said.
Jin returned to Yongfeng Village and became the manager of a Western-style restaurant there. Before Jin joined
the restaurant, most of its customers were young tourists because older people usually prefer traditional Chinese
food. To change this situation, Jin and the cooks carefully developed several fast food by connecting Western
elements with Chinese materials. These dishes quickly got popular among older customers.
In 2017, Yongfeng Village was known as a poor area, but thanks to the government, the village has developed a
lot. “I personally saw the village’s changes. These changes have brought many business chances for young people,”
Jin said.
Jin’s childhood friend, Lv Shengnan, decided to return even before Jin did. Lv said, “I wish more young people
to return to their hometowns and contribute to their development.”
1. What does Jin think of Yongfeng Village?
A．It is a poor village. B．It connects her past with future.
C．It reminds her of the saddest time. D．It is a terrible ground in Jilin Province.
2. Why did Jin and Lv decide to return to their hometown according to the text?
A．To make more friends. B．To be a village officer.
C．To enjoy traditional Chinese food. D．To make contributions to their hometown.
3. What’s the main idea of paragraph 4?
A．Yongfeng Village is known as a poor area.
B．The college students in the village saw the village’s changes.
C．Changes have brought many learning chances for young people.
D．Yongfeng Village has developed a lot with the help of the government.
4. What's the best title of the passage?
A．Jobs for College Students B．Youthful Return to Hometown
C．Restaurants in Yongfeng Village D．Business Chances for Young People
【答案】BDDB
【解析】本文讲述了金婉婷和朋友回到自己的村子，帮助村子发展的故事。
【小题1】细节理解题。根据“'She thinks it is a valuable ground that connects her past with future.”可知，她认
为它连接她的过去和未来。故选B。
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【小题 2】细节理解题，根据“The village is developing, and it needs skilled young people. I considered
returning to the village as a great chance to both challenge myself and contribute(做贡献)to my hometown”可知，
因为她们想回去为家乡做贡献，故选D。
【小题 3】段落大意题。根据“In 2017, Yongfeng Village was known as a poor area, but thanks to the
government, the village has developed a lot”可知，第四段讲述了永丰村在政府的帮助下发展了很多。故选D。
【小题4】最佳标题题。根据全文可知，文章讲述了金婉婷和朋友回到自己的村子，帮助村子发展的故事，
B选项最符合文意。故选B。
C
(2024·福建泉州·三模 )
The Netherlands is low-lying and influenced by the north sea wind, which caused floods to happen easily in the
past. In order to deal with the problem, the Dutch used thousands of windmills. So the Netherlands became the
famous land of windmills. With this invention, the Dutch set a special date and held some activities. It’s held on the
second Saturday of May each year. Gradually, Windmill Day becomes a traditional folk festival in the Netherlands.
On this day, pictures shaped of windmills are everywhere. Many shops are filled with colorful windmill art
pieces. Children also like to draw windmills on the doors and windows.
Windmills have different purposes in different states. They bring good luck to people in most situations. When
the flag is hung on the windmill, it may mean that a baby is born, or a couple are holding a wedding. When the fan of
windmill is like a cross, it means that some important guests are coming and they are warmly welcomed. However,
when the windmill is at rest and backward, it mainly tells us that something bad has happened.
Nowadays, during your visit in the Netherlands, you can choose the windmill museums. Also, you can go to the
local windmill villages. There are still more than 1000 windmills around the country, with many still in use. Every
windmill is covered in red and green and is slowly running to greet you.
1. People in Netherlands mainly use windmills to ________ .
A．produce electricity B．do with floods
C．celebrate festivals D．welcome visitors
2. How do the Dutch celebrate Windmill Day? ________
①They decorate the public places with pictures shaped of windmills.
②Shop owners prepare lots of colorful windmill art pieces.
③They fix the fan of windmill as the shape of a cross.
④Young kids draw windmills on the doors and windows.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ D．①②④
3. Which picture of windmills shows the coming of a newborn? ________
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A．
B． C． D．
4. What can we know from the text? ________
A．Visitors can only enjoy windmills in museums.
B．Windmills bring good luck to people in all situations.
C．There are fewer than 1000 windmills across the country.
D．A still windmill means something bad has happened.
5. In which part of a magazine can we read the text? ________
A．Culture. B．Human. C．Language. D．Science.
【答案】BDCDA
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰风车节的由来、日期、庆祝方式以及不同风车在荷兰文
化中的内涵。
【小题 1】细节理解题，根据第一段“The Netherlands is low-lying and influenced by the north sea
wind..thousands of windmills”可知，荷兰地市低洼，过去容易发生洪涝灾害，为了解决这个问题，荷兰人使
用了成千上万的风车，所以荷兰人主要用风车解决洪水问题。故选B。
【小题2】细节理解题，根据第二段“On this day, pictures shaped of windmills are everywhere..windows.”可知，
在这一天到处都是风车形状的图片，许多商店都摆满了风车艺术品，孩子们在门窗上画风车，所以他们庆
祝的方式有①②④。故选D。
【小题3】细节理解题。根据第三段“'When the fag is hung on the windmill, it may mean that a baby is bom”可
知，当旗帜挂在风车上时，可能意味着有一个婴儿出生了。故选C。
【小题4】细节理解题。根据第三段"when the windmill is at rest and backward, it mainly tells us that something
bad has happened"可知，当风车处于静止或倒退状态时，它预示着发生了不好的事情，选项 D表述与原文相
符。故选D。
【小题5】推理判断题，根据第一段“Windmill Day becomes a traditional folk festival in the Netherlands”可知，
风车日渐渐成为一个传统的民间节日，所以本文主要介绍的风车之国--荷兰，推测可以在杂志的文化专栏看
到这篇文章。故选A。
D
(2024·江苏苏州·一模 )
Have you ever imagined that a mobile-phone maker could produce cars one day? Xiaomi answered this
question with its newly produced electric car SU7.
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Three years ago. Lei Jun announced that he would make cars. At that time, online users joked that he should
make electric cars as his name has something to do with electricity. Over the years, even the electronics giant like
Apple gave up the idea of making electric cars. However, Lei Jun kept his words and really made it.
The company, best known for its popular smartphones, showed its SU7 model on March 28 in China this year.
Actually, it is the first electric car from a phone maker. The SU7 would sell for 215,900 yuan to 299.900 yuan in
China. The starting price is about 30,000 yuan cheaper than Tesla’s Model 3, which starts at 245.900 yuan.
“This is to keep my promise made three years ago,” he wrote on Tuesday. Lei also added that he’s confident
about entering the EV (电动汽车) market, though the competition is strong.
The SU7 comes as EV makers fight for sales in China. Xiaomi may face some sales problems as companies like
BYD and Tesla are cutting prices to attract customers to buy their EVs. However, Xiaomi may have some
advantages over competitors since it is already well-known and has plenty of faithful customers called Mi Fans.
Whether SU7 will be a success is unknown, but just as Lei Jun said to many young people, life is a long-time
race, and temporary (暂时) success or failure is not important. We should believe in dreams and keep making a try.
1. What do we know about Xiaomi according to the passage?
A．It is famous for making cars.
B．Its first electric car is a great success.
C．It has no strong competitors in the EV market.
D．The starting price of its car is lower than Tesla’s Model 3.
2. How does the writer show Lei Jun’s character of never giving up in paragraph 2?
A．By interviewing his fans. B．By listing some numbers.
C．By using online users’ words. D．By comparing with others.
3. Why is Lei Jun confident about entering the EV market?
A．Because Xiaomi is already loved by many.
B．Because most people choose electric cars now.
C．Because SU7 is the best electric car in the world.
D．Because BYD and Tesla have cut prices to attract customers.
4. What would the passage mainly want to tell us?
A．Failure is the mother of success. B．It is never too old to learn.
C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
【答案】DDAD
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了小米公司生产电动汽车 SU7的情况，以及雷军对于进入电动汽
车市场的信心和态度。
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【小题1】细节理解题。根据“The SU7 would sell for 215,900 yuan to 299.900 yuan in China. The starting price
is about 30,000 yuan cheaper than Tesla’s Model 3, which starts at 245.900 yuan.”可知，小米的电动汽车SU7的
起售价比特斯拉的Model3要低，故选D。
【小题2】推理判断题。根据“Over the years, even the electronics giant like Apple gave up the idea of making
electric cars. However,Lei Jun kept his words and really made it”可知，多年来，即使是像苹果这样的电子巨头
也放弃了制造电动汽车的想法。然而，雷军信守诺言，真的做到了。此处通过与其他人的对比来体现雷军
的坚持不懈，故选D。
【小题3】细节理解颖，根据“However, Xiaomi may have some advantages over competitors since it is already
well-known and has plenty of faithful customers called Mi Fans.”可知，雷军对进入电动汽车市场有信心的原因
是小米已经很知名，且有很多忠实的粉丝，故选A。
【小题4)主旨大意颖。根据“"Whether SU7 will be a success is unknown, but just as Lei Jun said to many young
people, life is a longtime race, and temporary(暂时)success or failure is not important. We should believe in dreams
and keep making a try."”可知，文章主要想要告诉我们的是只要有决心，就一定能找到实现梦想的方法，故选
D。
三、任务型阅读
(2024·江苏南通·一模)
Sophie, a 14-year-old British girl, suddenly changed her behavior in class. She lost interest in studies and would sit
in the corner with her head mostly down.
Ethan Miller, one of Sophie’s teachers, discovered that she was bullied (欺凌) online. Sophie was receiving
abusive (辱骂) messages on her phone and on Faccbook. Miller shared Sophie’s story on the official website of The
Children’s Society, a children’s charity in the UK.
Sophie was not alone. One in three young people, in 30 countries, said they have experienced online bullying.
Twenty percent of those bullied students were not willing to go to school because of it, according to a report in
September. The study surveyed more than 170, 000 young people aged 13—24 from countries in Europe, Asia,
Africa and South America. Seventy-five percent of them said that the most common online bullying cases happened
on social media, like Faccbook and Twiter. The growth of social media has left many young people hurt through
unfriendly and abusive messages, comments and pictures online.
The Internet world makes it easier for people to communicate with each other, but there is more danger for
young people as well —and it is surprising that online bullying troubles many young people more than anything else.
What’s more, online bullying could lead to serious results for young people. Such bullying makes young people
more than twice as likely to hurt themselves or even kill themselves, according to a 2018 study by the university of
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Oxford, UK. The research also found that young people facing online bullying were not as likely to ask for help as
those bullied by traditional ways.
To deal with the problem, UNICEF has called for national helplines to support people who are bullied, along
with training for teachers and parents to prevent and deal with online bullying.
Here is some advice to keep yourself away from danger on the Internet.
● Make sure that you’re careful and respectful to others, even if you don’t share similar opinions, values or
beliefs.
● If you experience online bullying, the best response (回应) to a bully is no response at all.
● Keep a record of anything that shows proof (证据) of online bullying, like screenshots. You can use this to
report and stop them.
1. Why did Sophie suddenly change her behavior?
2. According to the survey, where do they most probably meet online bullying?
3. How does online bullying hurt young people?
4. What is the best response to a bully?
5. What other advice can you offer to stop bullying? (请自拟一句话作答)
【答案】
【小题1】Because she was bullied online.
【小题2】On social media, like Facebook and Twitter.
【小题3】Through unfriendly and abusive messages, comments and pictures online.
【小题4】No response(at all)./ The best response to a bully is no response at all.
【小题 5】You/We/ can ask teachers or parents for help./ You/We/l can call the police./ You should protect your
information..(言之有理即可)
【解析】本文讲述了一位14岁的女孩，由于受到网络欺凌而发生了很大的改变，可知网络欺凌对青少年的
伤害较大。为应对网络欺凌,作者提出一些建议。
【小题1】根据第二段"Ethan Miller, one of Sophie's teachers, discovered that she was bullied(欺凌)online.”"可
知，Sophie的老师Ethan发现她被网络欺凌了。故填Because she was bullied online.
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【小题2】根据第三段“'Seventy-five percent of them said that the most common online bullying cases happened
on social media, like Facebook and Twitter.”可知，75%受过网络欺凌的年轻人说大多数寻常的网络欺凌发生在
一些像脸书和推特这样的社交媒体上,故填On social media, like Facebook and Twitter.
【小题 3】根据第三段“The growth of social media has left many young people hurt through unfriendly and
abusive messages.comments and pictures online.”"可知，与日发展的社交媒体使得许多年轻人受到了不友好的
和辱骂性的信息、评价和图片的伤害。故填 Through unfriendly and abusive messages, comments and pictures
online.
【小题4】根据第六段“If you experience online bullying, the best response (回应)to a bully is no response at all.”
可知，对网络欺凌最好的回应就是不回应。故填 No response(at all). The best response to a bully is no response
at all.
【小题5】开放性作答，言之有理即可。参考答案为You/We/I can ask teachers or parents for help./ You/We/I
can call the police./You should protect your information./...
四、短文填空
A
(2024·山西运城·一模)
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入恰当的单词，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相
应的位置上。每空一词。
The dragon is a great animal in Chinese culture. People say that it brings wind and rain. It is said that 1 the
second day of the second lunar (阴历的) month every year, the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises
its 2 . Because of this, the day is called “Dragon Head-Raising Day”.
Some people see it as the start of spring and farming, 3 they believe that there will be more rain after it.
And rain is important to farming.
Today, many customs have faded away (逐渐消失). But one that has remained popular is to have a haircut.
Many believe that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to their uncles—mainly their mothers’
brothers. So many people have their hair cut on Dragon Head-Raising Day.
Also, it 4 traditional for people to eat some food on that day. The food is usually named after dragons.
Noodles are called dragon’s beard (longxu). Dumplings are dragon’s ears (long’er). And spring rolls are dragon’s
scales (longlin).
In some places in Shandong, people make dragon lanterns and put 5 on slow boats on the rivers. The
activity stands for people’s best wishes and good luck.
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【答案】
【小题1】on
【小题2】head
【小题3】because
【小题4】is
【小题5】them
【解析】本文介绍了中国的传统文化有关“龙抬头”的一些习俗。
【小题1】句意:据说，每年农历二月初二，龙从冬眠中醒来，抬起头来。空后是具体某一天，用介词 on。
故填on。【小题2】句意:据说，每年农历二月初二，龙从冬眠中醒来，抬起头来。根据“Dragon Head-
Raising Day"以及常识可知在二月二，龙会抬头，head“头”，此处用名词单数。故填head。
【小题3】句意:有些人认为这是春天和农业的开始，因为他们相信之后会有更多的雨水。前后是因果关系，
此处表示原因用because连接。故填because。
【小题4】句意:此外，人们在这一天吃一些食物是传统的。此处是结构it is adj. for sb. to do sth.“做某事对某
人来说是.……的”故填is。
【小题5】句意:在山东的一些地方，人们制作龙灯，并把它们放在河上的慢船上。此处指代“龙灯”，作宾
语用代词宾格them。故填them。
B
(2024·重庆綦江·一模 )
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
It is reported that there were only 9.02 million newborn babies in China in 2023, and the population growth rate
(率) is -1.48‰.
China has one of the 1 populations in the world, but its birth rate has continued to go down in recent years.
This has caused a great deal of attention. Then what will be the influence of a falling birth rate?
First, it will lead to an aging population. China’s elderly population is growing fast as people live longer and the
birth rate falls. This will 2 more problems to the government and society. The government needs to put in more
money to meet the medical, old-age care and other needs of the elderly, which will lead to more pressure. 3 , the
aging population will also lead to labor shortages (劳动力短缺), which may have influence on China’s economic (经
济的) growth.
Second, it will make a difference 4 families. In a traditional Chinese family, children are the h 5 of
family. However, this idea is c 6 now. More and more people prefer to have fewer children, and some even don’t
want to have children. This will influence the stability (稳定) of families.
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Finally, it will influence the development of our society, especially education and employment ( 就业).
7 the population falls, schools and businesses will be short of talent. This could lead to increased competition in
the education and job markets and influence the stability of society and China’s cultural, social and economic
development.
Now the government and society should take 8 to deal with this problem, such as encouraging childbirth,
improving the welfare (福利) of children and the elderly, and improving education and the job market. Only in this
way can social development and stability be guaranteed (保障).
【答案】
【小题1】largest/biggest
【小题2】bring
【小题3】Besides
【小题4】to
【小题5】(h)ope
【小题6】(c)hanging
【小题7】As/When/If
【小题8】action
【解析】本文主语介绍了中国是世界上人口最多的国家之一，但近年来出生率持续下降。文中提到出生率
下降会带来的影响，并建议府和社会应采取鼓励生育、改善儿童和老年人福利、改善教育和就业市场等措
施来解决这一问题。
【小题1】句意:中国是世界上人口最多的国家之一，但近年来出生率持续下降。根据“China has one of
the...populations in the world”可知，中国是世界人口最多的国家之一。one of后跟形容词最高级形式，形容人
口大小可用largest/biggest。故填largest/biggest.
【小题2】句意:这会给政府和社会带来更多的问题，根据“This will..more problems to the government and
society.”"可知，人老龄化会给社会和国家带来问题。bring意为“带来”，符合语境。will后跟动词原形。故
bring。【小题3】句意:此外人口老龄化还会导致劳动力短缺，这可能会影响中国的经济增长。根据“the
aging population will also lead to labor shortages"可知，人口老龄化还会导致劳动力短缺，这是人口老龄化带
来的另一个问题，besides意为“此外”，符合语境句子首字母应大写。故填Besides。
【小题4】句意:其次，这将对家庭产生影响。根据“make a diference"可知，make a difference to sb.意为“对
某人产生影响”。故填to。
【小题5】句意:在中国传统家庭中，孩子是家庭的希望。根据“Ina traditional Chinese family, children are
the ...of family."和首字母可知，孩子是家庭的希望。hope意为”希望“，此处指抽象的希望感，为不可数名
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词。故(h)ope。【小题6】句意:然而，这种想法现在正在改变。根据“However”、“More and more people
prefer to have fewer children, and some even don't want to have children,”和首字母可知，此处转折，应表示想法
在发生改变。change意为”改变“，符合语境。由now可知，此处应用现在进行时，结构为be doing。故填
(c)hanging。
【小题 7】句意:当/如果人口下降时，学校和企业将缺乏人才。根据“the population falls, schools and
businesses will be short of talent”可知，当/如果人口下降时，学校和企业将缺乏人才。此处可用As/When/If老
引导时间/条件状语从句。故填As/When/if.
【小题8】句意:现在政府和社会应该采取行动来解决这个问题，比如鼓励生育、改善儿童和老年人的福利、
改善教育和就业市场。根据“take”可知，take action意为”采取行动“。故填action。
五、书面表达
A
(2024·广东深圳·一模 )
假定你是李华，是某国际学校的初中生。为了提高同学们的主人翁意识和丰富民主治校渠道，学校在
英语校报上开辟了“My Voice”(我有话说)专栏。请你根据以下内容要点，进行投稿：
1.学校某个现象(好坏皆可)
2.现象的原因(至少两点)
3.你的建议(至少两点)
参考词：phenomenon 现象
注意：
1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数)；
2.要点齐全，可适当发挥；
3.条理清晰，语句通顺，意义连贯，书写规范；
4.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
My Voice
A lot of things happen at school every day. But one phenomenon catches my attention.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope our school can pay attention to this phenomenon and develop better in the future.
【答案】One possible version:
My Voice
A lot of things happen at school every day. But one phenomenon catches my attention.
After every meal, there is a lot of food left. The leftovers are a huge waste of money and resources. From my point of
view, reasons for this are as follows. First, some students are very particular about canteen food. if the food they
order is not to their taste, they choose to have little or none of it, Second, the canteen is not well managed. The food
items are very limited. Worse still, the food is not delicious. So, the canteen managers are also to blame for such
wastage.
Here I have some suggestions, To students, you should know food as a resource is limited and that wasting is
shameful. After all.many people are still starving. To canteen managers, you should develop more food items and get
all the food well cooked. It's time for us all to stop wasting food! Let's make a difference!
I hope our school can pay attention to this phenomenon and develop better in the future.
【解析】
[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出，特别注意不要遗漏原因和建议部分的内容，可适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，介绍自己注意到的学校的浪费食物现象;
第二步，解释这种现象发生的原因;
第三步，针对浪费食物的现象提出自己的建议，
[亮点词汇]
①a lot of许许多
②after all毕竟
[高分句型]
①If the food they order is not to their taste, they choose to have little or none of it.(if引导的条件状语从句)
②To students, you should know food as a resource is limited and that wasting is shameful.(宾语从句)
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B
(2024·浙江舟山·二模 )
某英文报正开展“Our life has changed for the better”征文竞赛，请你投稿，从下表所列的几个方面描述
过去和现在美好生活的变化，并谈谈你的感受。
In the past Now
Living condition small house, … comfortable house, …
Leisure (休闲) activity swim in the river or sea, few books, ... swim in the swimming pool, more books, ...
注意：
(1)短文中必须描述表格中所列的内容，可适当发挥；
(2)文中不得出现真实的人名和校名等相关信息；
(3)词数：80—100，短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。
首句：Our life has developed rapidly.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Our life has developed rapidly, People's living conditions have improved a lot. In the past, most people lived in
small houses with no air conditioners. But now they live in big houses which are more comfortable. And people now
have more leisure activities. Before, they swam only in the river or sea. Now they can play in the pool with warm
water. For children, they used to have few books to read, but they can enjoy more books now. Communications are
becoming easier and quicker, as people use mobile phones, and computers instead of writing letters.
With the development of the society, our life is becoming better.
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【详解】
[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”:
③提示:写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏表格中给出的关键信息，写短文介绍过去和现在生活中的变
化。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引出话题并根据表格内容介绍人们生活条件及休闲活动的变化;
第二步，谈谈自己的感受。
[亮点词汇]
①air conditioners空调
②used to do sth.过去常常做某事
③instead of代替，而不是
[高分句型]
But now they live in big houses which are more comfortable.(which弓导定语从句)
19
